1
|
Sokolova A, Johnstone KJ, McCart Reed AE, Simpson PT, Lakhani SR. Hereditary breast cancer: syndromes, tumour pathology and molecular testing. Histopathology 2023; 82:70-82. [PMID: 36468211 PMCID: PMC10953374 DOI: 10.1111/his.14808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary factors account for a significant proportion of breast cancer risk. Approximately 20% of hereditary breast cancers are attributable to pathogenic variants in the highly penetrant BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. A proportion of the genetic risk is also explained by pathogenic variants in other breast cancer susceptibility genes, including ATM, CHEK2, PALB2, RAD51C, RAD51D and BARD1, as well as genes associated with breast cancer predisposition syndromes - TP53 (Li-Fraumeni syndrome), PTEN (Cowden syndrome), CDH1 (hereditary diffuse gastric cancer), STK11 (Peutz-Jeghers syndrome) and NF1 (neurofibromatosis type 1). Polygenic risk, the cumulative risk from carrying multiple low-penetrance breast cancer susceptibility alleles, is also a well-recognised contributor to risk. This review provides an overview of the established breast cancer susceptibility genes as well as breast cancer predisposition syndromes, highlights distinct genotype-phenotype correlations associated with germline mutation status and discusses molecular testing and therapeutic implications in the context of hereditary breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Sokolova
- Sullivan and Nicolaides PathologyBrisbane
- Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbane
| | - K J Johnstone
- Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbane
- Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane and Women's HospitalBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - A E McCart Reed
- Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbane
| | - P T Simpson
- Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbane
| | - S R Lakhani
- Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbane
- Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane and Women's HospitalBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Petridis C, Arora I, Shah V, Moss CL, Mera A, Clifford A, Gillett C, Pinder SE, Tomlinson I, Roylance R, Simpson MA, Sawyer EJ. Frequency of Pathogenic Germline Variants in CDH1, BRCA2, CHEK2, PALB2, BRCA1, and TP53 in Sporadic Lobular Breast Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 28:1162-1168. [PMID: 31263054 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-1102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invasive lobular breast cancer (ILC) accounts for approximately 15% of invasive breast carcinomas and is commonly associated with lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS). Both have been shown to have higher familial risks than the more common ductal cancers. However, there are little data on the prevalence of the known high and moderate penetrance breast cancer predisposition genes in ILC. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of germline variants in CDH1, BRCA2, BRCA1, CHEK2, PALB2, and TP53 in sporadic ILC and LCIS diagnosed in women ages ≤60 years. METHODS Access Array technology (Fluidigm) was used to amplify all exons of CDH1, BRCA2, BRCA1, TP53, CHEK2, and PALB2 using a custom-made targeted sequencing panel in 1,434 cases of ILC and 368 cases of pure LCIS together with 1,611 controls. RESULTS Case-control analysis revealed an excess of pathogenic variants in BRCA2, CHEK2, PALB2, and CDH1 in women with ILC. CHEK2 was the only gene that showed an association with pure LCIS [OR = 9.90; 95% confidence interval (CI), 3.42-28.66, P = 1.4 × 10-5] with a larger effect size seen in LCIS compared with ILC (OR = 4.31; 95% CI, 1.61-11.58, P = 1.7 × 10-3). CONCLUSIONS Eleven percent of patients with ILC ages ≤40 years carried germline variants in known breast cancer susceptibility genes. IMPACT Women with ILC ages ≤40 years should be offered genetic screening using a panel of genes that includes BRCA2, CHEK2, PALB2, and CDH1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christos Petridis
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Medical and Molecular Genetics, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Iteeka Arora
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vandna Shah
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte L Moss
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anca Mera
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Clifford
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cheryl Gillett
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E Pinder
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Roylance
- Department of Oncology, UCLH Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A Simpson
- Medical and Molecular Genetics, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elinor J Sawyer
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Moon WK, Chen HH, Shin SU, Han W, Chang RF. Evaluation of TP53/PIK3CA mutations using texture and morphology analysis on breast MRI. Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 63:60-69. [PMID: 31425802 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2019.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Somatic mutations in TP53 and PIK3CA genes, the two most frequent genetic alternations in breast cancer, are associated with prognosis and therapeutic response. This study predicted the presence of TP53 and PIK3CA mutations in breast cancer by using texture and morphology analyses on breast MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 107 breast cancers (dataset A) from The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) consisting of 40 TP53 mutation cancer and 67 cancers without TP53 mutation; 35 PIK3CA mutations cancer and 72 without PIK3CA mutation. 122 breast cancer (dataset B) from Seoul National University Hospital containing 54 TP53 mutation cancer and 68 without mutations were used in this study. At first, the tumor area was segmented by a region growing method. Subsequently, gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) texture features were extracted after ranklet transform, and a series of features including compactness, margin, and ellipsoid fitting model were used to describe the morphological characteristics of tumors. Lastly, a logistic regression was used to identify the presence of TP53 and PIK3CA mutations. The classification performances were evaluated by accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). Taking into account the trade-offs of sensitivity and specificity, the overall performances were evaluated by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS The GLCM texture feature based on ranklet transform is more capable of recognizing TP53 and PIK3CA mutations than morphological feature, especially for the TP53 mutation that achieves statistically significant. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for TP53 mutation dataset A and dataset B achieved 0.78 and 0.81 respectively. For PIK3CA mutation, the AUC of ranklet texture feature was 0.70. CONCLUSION Texture analysis of segmented tumor on breast MRI based on ranklet transform is potential in recognizing the presence of TP53 mutation and PIK3CA mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woo Kyung Moon
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea
| | - Hong-Hao Chen
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung Ui Shin
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, South Korea
| | - Wonshik Han
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea
| | - Ruey-Feng Chang
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; MOST Joint Research Center for AI Technology and All Vista Healthcare, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Petridis C, Arora I, Shah V, Megalios A, Moss C, Mera A, Clifford A, Gillett C, Pinder SE, Tomlinson I, Roylance R, Simpson MA, Sawyer EJ. Frequency of pathogenic germline variants in BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, CHEK2 and TP53 in ductal carcinoma in situ diagnosed in women under the age of 50 years. Breast Cancer Res 2019; 21:58. [PMID: 31060593 PMCID: PMC6501320 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-019-1143-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a non-obligate precursor of invasive ductal breast cancer, and approximately 20% of screen-detected tumours are pure DCIS. Most risk factors for breast cancer have similar associations with DCIS and IDC; however, there is limited data on the prevalence of the known high and moderate penetrance breast cancer predisposition genes in DCIS and which women with DCIS should be referred for genetic screening. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of germline variants in BRCA2, BRCA1, CHEK2, PALB2 and TP53 in DCIS in women aged less than 50 years of age. METHODS After DNA extraction from the peripheral blood, Access Array technology (Fluidigm) was used to amplify all exons of these five known breast cancer predisposition genes using a custom made targeted sequencing panel in 655 cases of pure DCIS presenting in women under the age of 50 years together with 1611 controls. RESULTS Case-control analysis revealed an excess of pathogenic variants in BRCA2 (OR = 27.96, 95%CI 6.56-119.26, P = 2.0 × 10-10) and CHEK2 (OR = 8.04, 95%CI 2.93-22.05, P = 9.0 × 10-6), with weaker associations with PALB2 (P = 0.003), BRCA1 (P = 0.007) and TP53 (P = 0.02). For oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive DCIS the frequency of pathogenic variants was 9% under the age of 50 (14% with a family history of breast cancer) and 29% under the age of 40 (42% with a family history of breast cancer). For ER-negative DCIS, the frequency was 9% (16% with a family history of breast cancer) and 8% (11% with a family history of breast cancer) under the ages of 50 and 40, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study has shown that breast tumourigenesis in women with pathogenic variants in BRCA2, CHEK2, PALB2, BRCA1 and TP53 can involve a DCIS precursor stage and that the focus of genetic testing in DCIS should be on women under the age of 40 with ER-positive DCIS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christos Petridis
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK.,Medical and Molecular Genetics, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Iteeka Arora
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Vandna Shah
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Anargyros Megalios
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Charlotte Moss
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Anca Mera
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Angela Clifford
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Cheryl Gillett
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Sarah E Pinder
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Rebecca Roylance
- Department of Oncology, UCLH Foundation Trust, London, NW1 2PG, UK
| | - Michael A Simpson
- Medical and Molecular Genetics, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Elinor J Sawyer
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK. .,Innovation Hub, Guy's Cancer Centre, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Macedo GS, Alemar B, Ashton-Prolla P. Reviewing the characteristics of BRCA and PALB2-related cancers in the precision medicine era. Genet Mol Biol 2019; 42:215-231. [PMID: 31067289 PMCID: PMC6687356 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2018-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA) genes confer high risk of developing cancer, especially breast and ovarian tumors. Since the cloning of these tumor suppressor genes over two decades ago, a significant amount of research has been done. Most recently, monoallelic loss-of-function mutations in PALB2 have also been shown to increase the risk of breast cancer. The identification of BRCA1, BRCA2 and PALB2 as proteins involved in DNA double-strand break repair by homologous recombination and of the impact of complete loss of BRCA1 or BRCA2 within tumors have allowed the development of novel therapeutic approaches for patients with germline or somatic mutations in said genes. Despite the advances, especially in the clinical use of PARP inhibitors, key gaps remain. Now, new roles for BRCA1 and BRCA2 are emerging and old concepts, such as the classical two-hit hypothesis for tumor suppression, have been questioned, at least for some BRCA functions. Here aspects regarding cancer predisposition, cellular functions, histological and genomic findings in BRCA and PALB2-related tumors will be presented, in addition to an up-to-date review of the evolution and challenges in the development and clinical use of PARP inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel S Macedo
- Post-Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Precision Medicine Program, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Barbara Alemar
- Post-Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Patricia Ashton-Prolla
- Post-Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Precision Medicine Program, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Piffer A, Luporsi E, Mathelin C. [PALB2, a major susceptibility gene for breast cancer]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 46:701-705. [PMID: 30243941 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES About 5% of breast cancers are linked to an inherited predisposition, the two most known susceptibility genes being BRCA1 and BRCA2. Recently, new susceptibility genes, including PALB2, have been identified. The risk of breast cancer associated with a deleterious mutation of PALB2, the age of onset of these cancers, their prognosis and associated cancers have so far been the subject of controversy. Our objective was to clarify these different questions from an updated review of the literature. METHODS The analyzed articles were taken from the PUBMED database between January 2008 and December 2015. The keywords used were "breast cancer" and "PALB2". RESULTS Women with PALB2 mutations have a higher risk than the general population of developing breast cancer. The relative risk is significant, varying according to the different studies between 3,4 (IC 95%: 2,4-5,9) and 9,47 (IC 95%: 5,72-14,39). The different mutations as well as environmental and geographical factors should be taking into account when interpreting these results. There is currently no proven link between a PALB2 mutation and the occurrence of ovarian or pancreas cancer. CONCLUSION PALB2 must be considered as a high-penetrance breast cancer predisposing gene. Women with a PALB2 mutation face an increased risk of triple negative breast cancer and higher risk of death from breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Piffer
- Maternité régionale universitaire de Nancy, 10, avenue Dr Heydenreich, 54000 Nancy, France.
| | - E Luporsi
- Service d'oncologie de génétique, CHR Metz, 1, allée du Château, 57245 Ars-Laquenexy, France.
| | - C Mathelin
- Unité de sénologie, CHRU de Strasbourg, 1, avenue Molière, 67200 Strasbourg, France. carole.mathelin.@chru-strasbourg.fr
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Clinicopathologic characterization of breast carcinomas in patients with non-BRCA germline mutations: results from a single institution's high-risk population. Hum Pathol 2018; 82:20-31. [PMID: 29958926 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
As multigene panel testing for hereditary cancer syndromes becomes commonplace, germline mutations in genes other than BRCA1/2 are increasingly identified in breast cancer patients. While histopathologic features of BRCA-mutated breast cancers have been well-characterized, less is known about non-BRCA-related hereditary cancers. We herein investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics of breast cancers in women with non-BRCA germline mutations. Out of 612 women who underwent germline testing, 16 (2.6%) women with 18 cancers had mutations in non-BRCA genes: ATM, CHEK2, PALB2, TP53, BMPR1A, BRIP1, MUTYH, and RAD50. An additional 2 cancers were identified in a woman with a diagnosis of Bloom syndrome (BLM mutation) who was not germline tested. Average age at diagnosis was 50 (range: 27-77), and 65% had no personal cancer history. The majority (79%) of tumors were grade 1 to 2; 35% were either lobular or ductal with lobular features. Stromal responses varied from absent to desmoplastic to sclerotic; 69% of cases had an in situ component. With the exception of a brisk lymphocytic response in BLM- and TP53-mutated cancers, lymphocytic infiltration was mild or absent. In summary, the majority of non-BRCA-related hereditary breast cancers represent the patient's sentinel malignancy. Lobular features were seen in a subset, and high-grade, immunogenic carcinomas were uncommon except in the setting of BLM and TP53 mutations. Overall, these findings demonstrate a range of involved genes in non-BRCA mutation carriers with breast cancer and histopathologic heterogeneity in the associated cancers, arguing against use of histomorphology to inform panel testing algorithms.
Collapse
|
8
|
Dianatpour A, Faramarzi S, Ghafouri-Fard S. Meta-Analysis of Association between PALB2 Polymorphisms and Breast Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:2897-2903. [PMID: 30362319 PMCID: PMC6291065 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.10.2897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous studies have assessed associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of
the Partner and localizer of BRCA2 (PALB2) gene and risk of breast cancer. However, the results of these studies
are not consistent. Materials and Methods: We designed a meta-analysis to obtain a more reliable appraisal of
the association between SNPs in the PALB2 gene and the susceptibility to breast cancer. We searched PubMed, Google
scholar and Embase databases and selected six studies with sufficient data to estimate the pooled odds ratios (ORs)
and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Statistical analyses showed that the rs120963 was associated with breast
cancer risk in allelic (OR (95% CI) = 1.33 (1.18-1.49)), homozygous (OR (95% CI) = 1.74 (1.31-2.32)), dominant
(OR (95% CI) = 1.42 (1.22, 1.65)) and recessive (OR (95% CI) = 1.54 (1.17, 2.03)) models. The rs249954 and
rs16940342 were associated with breast cancer risk in allelic (OR (95% CI) = 1.13 (1.04, 1.23) and 1.12 (1.01, 1.24)
respectively) and dominant (OR (95% CI) = 1.23 (1.09, 1.39) and 1.18 (1.04, 1.33) respectively) models. The rs249935
and rs447529 SNPs were associated with breast cancer in homozygous (OR (95% CI) = 0.67 (0.46, 0.97) and 0.51
(0.30, 0.89) respectively) and recessive (OR (95% CI) = 0.65 (0.45, 0.95) and 0.51 (0.30, 0.88) respectively) models.
Conclusions: The current meta-analysis shows the associations between five SNPs of PALB2 and breast cancer risk
and confirms the results of previous studies regarding the role of this gene in the pathogenesis of breast cancer
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Dianatpour
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Faramarzi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,For Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Schoolmeester JK, Moyer AM, Goodenberger ML, Keeney GL, Carter JM, Bakkum-Gamez JN. Pathologic findings in breast, fallopian tube, and ovary specimens in non- BRCA hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer syndromes: a study of 18 patients with deleterious germline mutations in RAD51C , BARD1 , BRIP1 , PALB2 , MUTYH , or CHEK2. Hum Pathol 2017; 70:14-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
10
|
Association of PALB2 sequence variants with the risk of early-onset breast cancer in patients from Turkey. Mol Biol Rep 2016; 43:1273-1284. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-016-4061-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
11
|
Jiang W, Zhuang C, Zheng L, Wang X. Role of PALB2 Polymorphisms with Regard to Susceptibility to Female Breast Cancer Risk in the Chinese Population. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2016; 20:229-34. [PMID: 26981788 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2015.0303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Weichao Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Chunbo Zhuang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobei Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Southey MC, Winship I, Nguyen-Dumont T. PALB2: research reaching to clinical outcomes for women with breast cancer. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2016; 14:9. [PMID: 27099641 PMCID: PMC4837522 DOI: 10.1186/s13053-016-0049-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PALB2 has taken its place with bona fide breast cancer susceptibility genes. It is now well established that women who carry loss-of-function mutations in the PALB2 gene are at similarly elevated breast cancer risks to those who carry mutations in BRCA2. Information about PALB2 is now being used in breast cancer clinical genetics practice and is routinely included in breast cancer predisposition gene panel tests. Tens of thousands of women worldwide have now had genetic tests for PALB2 mutations in the context of breast cancer susceptibility. However, prospective data related to the clinical outcomes of PALB2 mutation carriers is lacking and very little information (beyond mutation penetrance) is available to guide current clinical management for carriers (affected and unaffected by cancer). In addition, clinical classification of the vast array of non-loss-of-function genetic variants identified in PALB2 is in its infancy. These are key areas of current research efforts and are important foundations on which to move information about PALB2 into the precision public health arena.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa C. Southey
- />Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Ingrid Winship
- />Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
- />The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3050 Australia
| | - Tú Nguyen-Dumont
- />Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Poumpouridou N, Goutas N, Tsionou C, Dimas K, Lianidou E, Kroupis C. Development of a novel PTT assay for mutation detection in PALB2 large exons and PALB2 screening in medullary breast cancer. Fam Cancer 2015; 15:183-91. [PMID: 26573693 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-015-9851-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Beyond BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, PALB2 (Partner and localizer of BRCA2) emerges as the third breast cancer susceptibility gene due to its role in the same DNA repair pathway: homologous recombination. In most populations studied so far, PALB2 mutations are detected in 1-2% of BRCA negative female patients. PALB2 gene contains 13 exons; exons 4 and 5 consist 65% of the coding area. We developed a protein truncation test (PTT) for quick screening of truncating pathogenic mutations of these two large exons. Specific primers were de novo, in silico designed and the PTT-PCR products were translated in the presence of biotinylated lysine and detected colorimetrically. The assay was initially tested in 30 patients with hereditary breast cancer, negative for BRCA mutations and then, in 17 patients with the rare medullary breast cancer subtype. Small PALB2 exons were screened with high-resolution melting curve analysis (HRMA) and the large DNA rearrangements with multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). Any alterations detected were verified by Sanger DNA Sequencing. The developed PTT methodology is highly specific for clinical significant mutations; positive control samples that produce truncated PALB2 peptides were correctly identified and the method was accurate when compared to DNA sequencing. We did not detect any deleterious PALB2 mutation in both groups of patients. HRMA and MLPA were also negative for all tested samples. However, our novel, fast and cost-effective PTT method for pathogenic mutation detection of the two large PALB2 exons can be applied in screening of a large number of breast cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikoleta Poumpouridou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Attikon University General Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, 1 Rimini St., 12462, Haidari, Greece.,Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Goutas
- Laboratory of Pathologic Anatomy, Evgenidio Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, 15128, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Tsionou
- Breast Cancer Unit, Mitera Maternity and Surgery Hospital, 15123, Maroussi, Greece
| | - Kleanthi Dimas
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Attikon University General Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, 1 Rimini St., 12462, Haidari, Greece
| | - Evi Lianidou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Kroupis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Attikon University General Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, 1 Rimini St., 12462, Haidari, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ollier M, Radosevic-Robin N, Kwiatkowski F, Ponelle F, Viala S, Privat M, Uhrhammer N, Bernard-Gallon D, Penault-Llorca F, Bignon YJ, Bidet Y. DNA repair genes implicated in triple negative familial non-BRCA1/2 breast cancer predisposition. Am J Cancer Res 2015; 5:2113-2126. [PMID: 26328243 PMCID: PMC4548324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Among breast cancers, 10 to 15% of cases would be due to hereditary risk. In these familial cases, mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 are found in only 15% to 20%, meaning that new susceptibility genes remain to be found. Triple-negative breast cancers represent 15% of all breast cancers, and are generally aggressive tumours without targeted therapies available. Our hypothesis is that some patients with triple negative breast cancer could share a genetic susceptibility different from other types of breast cancers. We screened 36 candidate genes, using pyrosequencing, in all the 50 triple negative breast cancer patients with familial history of cancer but no BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation of a population of 3000 families who had consulted for a familial breast cancer between 2005 and 2013. Any mutations were also sequenced in available relatives of cases. Protein expression and loss of heterozygosity were explored in tumours. Seven deleterious mutations in 6 different genes (RAD51D, MRE11A, CHEK2, MLH1, MSH6, PALB2) were observed in one patient each, except the RAD51D mutation found in two cases. Loss of heterozygosity in the tumour was found for 2 of the 7 mutations. Protein expression was absent in tumour tissue for 5 mutations. Taking into consideration a specific subtype of tumour has revealed susceptibility genes, most of them in the homologous recombination DNA repair pathway. This may provide new possibilities for targeted therapies, along with better screening and care of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Ollier
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Centre Jean PerrinClermont-Ferrand 63000, France
- Université d’AuvergneEA 4677, ERTICa, BP 10448, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Nina Radosevic-Robin
- Department of Anatomopathology, Centre Jean PerrinClermont-Ferrand 63000, France
- Université d’AuvergneEA 4677, ERTICa, BP 10448, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Fabrice Kwiatkowski
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Centre Jean PerrinClermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Flora Ponelle
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Centre Jean PerrinClermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Sandrine Viala
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Centre Jean PerrinClermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Maud Privat
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Centre Jean PerrinClermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Nancy Uhrhammer
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Centre Jean PerrinClermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | | | - Frédérique Penault-Llorca
- Department of Anatomopathology, Centre Jean PerrinClermont-Ferrand 63000, France
- Université d’AuvergneEA 4677, ERTICa, BP 10448, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Yves-Jean Bignon
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Centre Jean PerrinClermont-Ferrand 63000, France
- Université d’AuvergneEA 4677, ERTICa, BP 10448, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Yannick Bidet
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Centre Jean PerrinClermont-Ferrand 63000, France
- Université d’AuvergneEA 4677, ERTICa, BP 10448, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cybulski C, Kluźniak W, Huzarski T, Wokołorczyk D, Kashyap A, Jakubowska A, Szwiec M, Byrski T, Dębniak T, Górski B, Sopik V, Akbari MR, Sun P, Gronwald J, Narod SA, Lubiński J. Clinical outcomes in women with breast cancer and a PALB2 mutation: a prospective cohort analysis. Lancet Oncol 2015; 16:638-44. [PMID: 25959805 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(15)70142-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in PALB2 predispose to breast cancer, but the effect on prognosis of carrying a PALB2 mutation has not been ascertained. We aimed to estimate the odds ratio for breast cancer in women with an inherited mutation in PALB2 and 10-year survival after breast cancer in patients who carry a PALB2 mutation. METHODS Between 1996 and 2012, patients with invasive breast cancer were recruited prospectively from 18 hospitals in Poland and genotyped for two deleterious mutations in PALB2 (509_510delGA and 172_175delTTGT). A control group of 4702 women without cancer was recruited for comparison. The primary endpoint was death from any cause, as determined by medical records from the Polish Ministry of the Interior and Administration. In patients with breast cancer, 10-year survival of carriers of a PALB2 mutation was calculated and compared with that of non-carriers. FINDINGS 17 900 women with breast cancer were invited to participate, of whom 12 529 were genotyped successfully. A PALB2 mutation was present in 116 (0·93%, 95% CI 0·76-1·09) of 12 529 patients and in ten (0·21%, 0·08-0·34) of 4702 controls (odds ratio 4·39, 95% CI 2·30-8·37; p<0·0001). 10-year survival for women with breast cancer and a PALB2 mutation was 48·0% (95% CI 36·5-63·2), compared with 74·7% (73·5-75·8) for patients with breast cancer without a mutation (adjusted hazard ratio for death 2·27, 95% CI 1·64-3·15; p<0·0001). INTERPRETATION Women with a PALB2 mutation face an increased risk of breast cancer and might be at a higher risk of death from breast cancer compared with non-carriers. Increased surveillance should be offered to unaffected women who carry a PALB2 mutation. FUNDING Polish National Science Centre.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cezary Cybulski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kluźniak
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Huzarski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dominika Wokołorczyk
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Aniruddh Kashyap
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Byrski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Dębniak
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bohdan Górski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | | | - Ping Sun
- Women's College Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jacek Gronwald
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Steven A Narod
- Women's College Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Jan Lubiński
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nguyen-Dumont T, Hammet F, Mahmoodi M, Tsimiklis H, Teo ZL, Li R, Pope BJ, Terry MB, Buys SS, Daly M, Hopper JL, Winship I, Goldgar DE, Park DJ, Southey MC. Mutation screening of PALB2 in clinically ascertained families from the Breast Cancer Family Registry. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015; 149:547-54. [PMID: 25575445 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-014-3260-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in PALB2 are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, with recent data showing that female breast cancer risks for PALB2 mutation carriers are comparable in magnitude to those for BRCA2 mutation carriers. This study applied targeted massively parallel sequencing to characterize the mutation spectrum of PALB2 in probands attending breast cancer genetics clinics in the USA. The coding regions and proximal intron-exon junctions of PALB2 were screened in probands not known to carry a mutation in BRCA1 or BCRA2 from 1,250 families enrolled through familial cancer clinics by the Breast Cancer Family Registry. Mutation screening was performed using Hi-Plex, an amplicon-based targeted massively parallel sequencing platform. Screening of PALB2 was successful in 1,240/1,250 probands and identified nine women with protein-truncating mutations (three nonsense mutations and five frameshift mutations). Four of the 33 missense variants were predicted to be deleterious to protein function by in silico analysis using two different programs. Analysis of tumors from carriers of truncating mutations revealed that the majority were high histological grade, invasive ductal carcinomas. Young onset was apparent in most families, with 19 breast cancers under 50 years of age, including eight under the age of 40 years. Our data demonstrate the utility of Hi-Plex in the context of high-throughput testing for rare genetic mutations and provide additional timely information about the nature and prevalence of PALB2 mutations, to enhance risk assessment and risk management of women at high risk of cancer attending clinical genetic services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tú Nguyen-Dumont
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hartley T, Cavallone L, Sabbaghian N, Silva-Smith R, Hamel N, Aleynikova O, Smith E, Hastings V, Pinto P, Tischkowitz M, Tomiak E, Foulkes WD. Mutation analysis of PALB2 in BRCA1 and BRCA2-negative breast and/or ovarian cancer families from Eastern Ontario, Canada. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2014; 12:19. [PMID: 25225577 PMCID: PMC4163678 DOI: 10.1186/1897-4287-12-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PALB2 has emerged as a breast cancer susceptibility gene. Mutations in PALB2 have been identified in almost all breast cancer populations studied to date, but the rarity of these mutations and lack of information regarding their penetrance makes genetic counseling for these families challenging. We studied BRCA1/2 -negative breast and/or ovarian cancer families to a) assess the contribution of PALB2 mutations in this series and b) identify clinical, pathological and family history characteristics that might make PALB2 screening more efficient. METHODS The coding region of the PALB2 gene was analyzed in 175 probands with family histories of breast and/or ovarian cancer ascertained from a single Canadian institution in Eastern Ontario. RESULTS We identified 2 probands with PALB2 mutations that are known or strongly considered to be pathogenic and 3 probands with missense mutations that are possibly pathogenic. One of the identified truncating mutations [c.3113G > A (p.Gly1000_Trp1038del - major product)], has been previously described while the other four mutations [c.3507_3508delTC (p.H1170Ffs*19), c.1846G > C (p.D616H), c.3418 T > G (p.W1140G), c.3287A > G (p.N1096S)] have not been previously reported. Loss of heterozygosity was detected in two breast tumors from one c.3507_3508delTC mutation carrier but not in other available tumors from that family or in tumors from carriers of other mutations. CONCLUSIONS PALB2 mutation screening identifies a small, but significant number of mutations in BRCA1/2 -negative breast and/or ovarian cancer families. We show that mutations are more likely to be found in families with three or more breast cancers as well as other BRCA2-related cancers. In our cohort, both clearly pathogenic mutations were identified in premenopausal breast cancer cases (2/77, 2.6%). Testing should be preferentially offered to affected women from such families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taila Hartley
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, 401 Smyth Rd, K1H 8 L1 Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Luca Cavallone
- Program in Cancer Genetics, Departments of Oncology and Human Genetics, Gerald Bronfman Centre for Clinical Research in Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada ; Lady Davis Institute, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nelly Sabbaghian
- Program in Cancer Genetics, Departments of Oncology and Human Genetics, Gerald Bronfman Centre for Clinical Research in Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada ; Lady Davis Institute, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Rachel Silva-Smith
- Program in Cancer Genetics, Departments of Oncology and Human Genetics, Gerald Bronfman Centre for Clinical Research in Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada ; Lady Davis Institute, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nancy Hamel
- Program in Cancer Genetics, Departments of Oncology and Human Genetics, Gerald Bronfman Centre for Clinical Research in Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada ; Lady Davis Institute, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Olga Aleynikova
- Lady Davis Institute, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada ; Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Erika Smith
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, 401 Smyth Rd, K1H 8 L1 Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Valerie Hastings
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, 401 Smyth Rd, K1H 8 L1 Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Pedro Pinto
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marc Tischkowitz
- Program in Cancer Genetics, Departments of Oncology and Human Genetics, Gerald Bronfman Centre for Clinical Research in Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada ; Lady Davis Institute, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada ; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eva Tomiak
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, 401 Smyth Rd, K1H 8 L1 Ottawa, ON, Canada ; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - William D Foulkes
- Program in Cancer Genetics, Departments of Oncology and Human Genetics, Gerald Bronfman Centre for Clinical Research in Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada ; Lady Davis Institute, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada ; Department of Medical Genetics, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Li J, Lindström LS, Foo JN, Rafiq S, Schmidt MK, Pharoah PDP, Michailidou K, Dennis J, Bolla MK, Wang Q, Van ‘t Veer LJ, Cornelissen S, Rutgers E, Southey MC, Apicella C, Dite GS, Hopper JL, Fasching PA, Haeberle L, Ekici AB, Beckmann MW, Blomqvist C, Muranen TA, Aittomäki K, Lindblom A, Margolin S, Mannermaa A, Kosma VM, Hartikainen JM, Kataja V, Chenevix-Trench G, Investigators KC, Phillips KA, McLachlan SA, Lambrechts D, Thienpont B, Smeets A, Wildiers H, Chang-Claude J, Flesch-Janys D, Seibold P, Rudolph A, Giles GG, Baglietto L, Severi G, Haiman CA, Henderson BE, Schumacher F, Le Marchand L, Kristensen V, Alnæs GIG, Borresen-Dale AL, Nord S, Winqvist R, Pylkäs K, Jukkola-Vuorinen A, Grip M, Andrulis IL, Knight JA, Glendon G, Tchatchou S, Devilee P, Tollenaar R, Seynaeve C, Hooning M, Kriege M, Hollestelle A, van den Ouweland A, Li Y, Hamann U, Torres D, Ulmer HU, Rüdiger T, Shen CY, Hsiung CN, Wu PE, Chen ST, Teo SH, Taib NAM, Har Yip C, Fuang Ho G, Matsuo K, Ito H, Iwata H, Tajima K, Kang D, Choi JY, Park SK, Yoo KY, Maishman T, Tapper WJ, Dunning A, Shah M, Luben R, Brown J, Chuen Khor C, Eccles DM, Nevanlinna H, Easton D, Humphreys K, Liu J, Hall P, Czene K. 2q36.3 is associated with prognosis for oestrogen receptor-negative breast cancer patients treated with chemotherapy. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4051. [PMID: 24937182 PMCID: PMC4082638 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Large population-based registry studies have shown that breast cancer prognosis is inherited. Here we analyse single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes implicated in human immunology and inflammation as candidates for prognostic markers of breast cancer survival involving 1,804 oestrogen receptor (ER)-negative patients treated with chemotherapy (279 events) from 14 European studies in a prior large-scale genotyping experiment, which is part of the Collaborative Oncological Gene-environment Study (COGS) initiative. We carry out replication using Asian COGS samples (n=522, 53 events) and the Prospective Study of Outcomes in Sporadic versus Hereditary breast cancer (POSH) study (n=315, 108 events). Rs4458204_A near CCL20 (2q36.3) is found to be associated with breast cancer-specific death at a genome-wide significant level (n=2,641, 440 events, combined allelic hazard ratio (HR)=1.81 (1.49-2.19); P for trend=1.90 × 10(-9)). Such survival-associated variants can represent ideal targets for tailored therapeutics, and may also enhance our current prognostic prediction capabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingmei Li
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore,
60 Biopolis Street 02-01, Singapore
138672, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University
of Singapore, MD3, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore
117597, Singapore
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Linda S. Lindström
- Department of Surgery, University of California at San
Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California
94143, USA
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska
Institutet and University Hospital, SE-171 77
Stockholm, Sweden
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jia N. Foo
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore,
60 Biopolis Street 02-01, Singapore
138672, Singapore
| | - Sajjad Rafiq
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University
Hospital Southampton, Southampton
SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Marjanka K. Schmidt
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology,
Netherlands Cancer Institute, Postbus 90203, 1006
BE
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer
Institute, Postbus 90203, 1006 BE
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul D. P. Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of
Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge
CB1 8RN, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of
Oncology, University of Cambridge, Worts Causeway,
Cambridge
CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of
Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge
CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of
Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge
CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Manjeet K. Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of
Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge
CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of
Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge
CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Laura J. Van ‘t Veer
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer
Institute, Postbus 90203, 1006 BE
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sten Cornelissen
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer
Institute, Postbus 90203, 1006 BE
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emiel Rutgers
- Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute,
Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Melissa C. Southey
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology,
The University of Melbourne, 5th floor, West Wing, Medical
Building 181, Melbourne, Victoria
3010, Australia
| | - Carmel Apicella
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne
School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne,
Level 1, 723 Swanston Street, Melbourne,
Victoria
3010, Australia
| | - Gillian S. Dite
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne
School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne,
Level 1, 723 Swanston Street, Melbourne,
Victoria
3010, Australia
| | - John L. Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne
School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne,
Level 1, 723 Swanston Street, Melbourne,
Victoria
3010, Australia
- Department of Health Science and Services, Graduate School
of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro,
Gwanak-gu, Seoul
151-742, Korea
| | - Peter A. Fasching
- University Breast Center Franconia, Department of
Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander
University Erlangen–Nuremberg,
Universitätsstrasse 21-23, 91054
Erlangen, Germany
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of
Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los
Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles,
California
90095, USA
| | - Lothar Haeberle
- University Breast Center Franconia, Department of
Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander
University Erlangen–Nuremberg,
Universitätsstrasse 21-23, 91054
Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arif B. Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich Alexander
University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schlossplatz 4,
91054
Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias W. Beckmann
- University Breast Center Franconia, Department of
Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander
University Erlangen–Nuremberg,
Universitätsstrasse 21-23, 91054
Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki and
Helsinki University Central Hospital, FI-00029 HUS Helsinki,
Finland
| | - Taru A. Muranen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of
Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu
8, FI-00029
Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki
and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu
8, FI-00029
Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska
Institutet, Stockholm
SE-17177, Sweden
| | - Sara Margolin
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska
Institutet, Stockholm
SE-17177, Sweden
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine,
Oncology, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta
1C, FI-70211
Kuopio, Finland
- Biocenter Kuopio, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland,
University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio,
Finland
- Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital,
Puijonlaaksontie 2, 70210
Kuopio, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine,
Oncology, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta
1C, FI-70211
Kuopio, Finland
- Biocenter Kuopio, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland,
University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio,
Finland
- Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital,
Puijonlaaksontie 2, 70210
Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jaana M. Hartikainen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine,
Oncology, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta
1C, FI-70211
Kuopio, Finland
- Biocenter Kuopio, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland,
University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio,
Finland
- Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital,
Puijonlaaksontie 2, 70210
Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vesa Kataja
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine,
Oncology, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta
1C, FI-70211
Kuopio, Finland
- Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital,
Puijonlaaksontie 2, 70210
Kuopio, Finland
- Jyväskylä Central Hospital,
Keskussairaalantie 19, 40620
Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Georgia Chenevix-Trench
- Department of Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research
Institute, 300 Herston Road, Brisbane,
Queensland
4006, Australia
| | - kConFab Investigators
- Research Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center,
East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Kelly-Anne Phillips
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne
School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne,
Level 1, 723 Swanston Street, Melbourne,
Victoria
3010, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of
Melbourne, St Andrews Place East, East
Melbourne, Victoria
3002, Australia
| | - Sue-Anne McLachlan
- Department of Oncology, St Vincent’s Hospital
Melbourne, 9 Princes Street, Fitzroy,
Victoria
3065, Australia
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB,
Herestraat 49, 3000
Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of
Oncology, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49,
3000
Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bernard Thienpont
- Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB,
Herestraat 49, 3000
Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of
Oncology, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49,
3000
Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann Smeets
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, University Hospitals
Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000
Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans Wildiers
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, University Hospitals
Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000
Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research
Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120
Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dieter Flesch-Janys
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research
Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120
Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology/Clinical Cancer
Registry, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse
52, 20246
Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology,
University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52,
20246
Hamburg, Germany
| | - Petra Seibold
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research
Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120
Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Rudolph
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research
Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120
Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne
School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne,
Level 1, 723 Swanston Street, Melbourne,
Victoria
3010, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria,
1 Rathdowne Street, Melbourne, Victoria
3053, Australia
| | - Laura Baglietto
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne
School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne,
Level 1, 723 Swanston Street, Melbourne,
Victoria
3010, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria,
1 Rathdowne Street, Melbourne, Victoria
3053, Australia
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne
School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne,
Level 1, 723 Swanston Street, Melbourne,
Victoria
3010, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria,
1 Rathdowne Street, Melbourne, Victoria
3053, Australia
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of
Medicine, University of Southern California, 1975 San Pablo
Street, Los Angeles, California
90033, USA
| | - Brian E. Henderson
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701
Ilalo Street, Honolulu, Hawaii
96813, USA
| | - Fredrick Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of
Medicine, University of Southern California, 1975 San Pablo
Street, Los Angeles, California
90033, USA
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701
Ilalo Street, Honolulu, Hawaii
96813, USA
| | - Vessela Kristensen
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research,
Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Ullernchausseen
70, N-0310
Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute
for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo,
Kirkeveien 166, 0450
Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Medical
Division, Akershus University Hospital, Sykehusveien 25,
1478
Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Grethe I. Grenaker Alnæs
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research,
Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Ullernchausseen
70, N-0310
Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute
for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo,
Kirkeveien 166, 0450
Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne-Lise Borresen-Dale
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research,
Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Ullernchausseen
70, N-0310
Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute
for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo,
Kirkeveien 166, 0450
Oslo, Norway
| | - Silje Nord
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research,
Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Ullernchausseen
70, N-0310
Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute
for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo,
Kirkeveien 166, 0450
Oslo, Norway
| | - Robert Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology,
Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu
University Hospital, Aapistie 5A, FI-90220
Oulu, Finland
| | - Katri Pylkäs
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology,
Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu
University Hospital, Aapistie 5A, FI-90220
Oulu, Finland
| | - Arja Jukkola-Vuorinen
- Laboratory of Oncology, Oulu University Hospital,
University of Oulu, Kajaanintie 50, FI-90220
Oulu, Finland
| | - Mervi Grip
- Laboratory of Oncology, Oulu University Hospital,
University of Oulu, Kajaanintie 50, FI-90220
Oulu, Finland
| | - Irene L. Andrulis
- Ontario Cancer Genetics Network, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum
Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University
Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
M5G 1 × 5
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of
Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle,
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
M5S 1A8
| | - Julia A. Knight
- Prosserman Centre for Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum
Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University
Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
M5G 1 × 5
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public
Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street,
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
M5T 3M7
| | - Gord Glendon
- Ontario Cancer Genetics Network, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum
Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University
Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
M5G 1 × 5
| | - Sandrine Tchatchou
- Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount
Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue,
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
M5G 1 × 5
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical
Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC
Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical
Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC
Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Tollenaar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Leiden University Medical
Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC
Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Seynaeve
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer
Institute, Groene Hilledijk 301, 3075EA
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje Hooning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer
Institute, Groene Hilledijk 301, 3075EA
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mieke Kriege
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer
Institute, Groene Hilledijk 301, 3075EA
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antoinette Hollestelle
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer
Institute, Groene Hilledijk 301, 3075EA
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ans van den Ouweland
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University
Medical Center, Groene Hilledijk 301, 3075EA
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yi Li
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore,
60 Biopolis Street 02-01, Singapore
138672, Singapore
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, DKFZ,
Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120
Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Diana Torres
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, DKFZ,
Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120
Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Pontificia University
Javeriana, Carrera 7, Bogotá
11001000, Colombia
| | - Hans U. Ulmer
- Frauenklinik der Stadtklinik Baden-Baden,
D-7570 Baden-Baden, Germany
| | - Thomas Rüdiger
- Institute of Pathology, Städtisches Klinikum
Karlsruhe, Moltkestrasse 90, 76133
Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Chen-Yang Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica,
Academia Road Nankang, Taipei
115, Taiwan
- College of Public Health, China Medical University,
No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung
40402, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ni Hsiung
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica,
Academia Road Nankang, Taipei
115, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ei Wu
- Taiwan Biobank, Academia Sinica, Academia
Road Nankang, Taipei
115, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Tung Chen
- Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital,
No. 135, Nanhsiao Street, Changhua
500, Taiwan
| | - Soo Hwang Teo
- Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation, Sime Darby Medical
Centre, 1 Jalan SS 12/1A, Subang
Jaya47500, Selangor, Malaysia
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine,
University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya,
Lembah Pantai, 59100
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Aishah Mohd Taib
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine,
University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya,
Lembah Pantai, 59100
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Cheng Har Yip
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine,
University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya,
Lembah Pantai, 59100
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gwo Fuang Ho
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University
Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 59100
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medical
Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka
812-8582, Japan
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer
Center Research Institute, 1-1 Kanokoden Chikusa-ku,
Nagoya
464-8681, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroji Iwata
- Department of Breast Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center
Hospital, 1-1 Kanokoden Chikusa-ku, Nagoya
464-8681, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tajima
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer
Center Research Institute, 1-1 Kanokoden Chikusa-ku,
Nagoya
464-8681, Aichi, Japan
| | - Daehee Kang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National
University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu,
Seoul
110-799, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National
University Graduate School, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu,
Seoul
151-742, Korea
| | - Ji-Yeob Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National
University Graduate School, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu,
Seoul
151-742, Korea
| | - Sue K. Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National
University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu,
Seoul
110-799, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National
University Graduate School, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu,
Seoul
151-742, Korea
| | - Keun-Young Yoo
- Seoul National University College of Medicine,
103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul
110-799, Korea
| | - Tom Maishman
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University
Hospital Southampton, Southampton
SO16 6YD, UK
| | - William J. Tapper
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University
Hospital Southampton, Southampton
SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Alison Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of
Oncology, University of Cambridge, Worts Causeway,
Cambridge
CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Mitul Shah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of
Oncology, University of Cambridge, Worts Causeway,
Cambridge
CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Robert Luben
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of
Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge
CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Judith Brown
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of
Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge
CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Chiea Chuen Khor
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore,
60 Biopolis Street 02-01, Singapore
138672, Singapore
| | - Diana M. Eccles
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University
Hospital Southampton, Southampton
SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of
Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu
8, FI-00029
Helsinki, Finland
| | - Douglas Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of
Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge
CB1 8RN, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of
Oncology, University of Cambridge, Worts Causeway,
Cambridge
CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Keith Humphreys
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics,
Karolinska Institutet, Box 281, 171 77
Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore,
60 Biopolis Street 02-01, Singapore
138672, Singapore
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics,
Karolinska Institutet, Box 281, 171 77
Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics,
Karolinska Institutet, Box 281, 171 77
Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang YX, Wang XM, Kang S, Li X, Geng J. Common Variants in the PALB2 Gene Confer Susceptibility to Breast Cancer: a Meta-analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 14:7149-54. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.12.7149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|