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Zhang L, Chang L, Xu J, Meyers CA, Yan N, Zou E, Ding C, Ting K, Soo C, Pang S, James AW. Frontal Bone Healing Is Sensitive to Wnt Signaling Inhibition via Lentiviral-Encoded Beta-Catenin Short Hairpin RNA. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 24:1742-1752. [PMID: 29929440 PMCID: PMC6302677 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays an integral role in skeletal biology, spanning from embryonic skeletal patterning through bone maintenance and bone repair. Most experimental methods to antagonize Wnt signaling in vivo are either systemic or transient, including genetic approaches, use of small-molecule inhibitors, or neutralizing antibodies. We sought to develop a novel, localized model of prolonged Wnt/β-catenin signaling blockade by the application and validation of a lentivirus encoding β-catenin short hairpin RNA (shRNA). Efficacy of lentiviral-encoded β-catenin shRNA was first confirmed in vitro using bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells, and in vivo using an intramedullary long bone injection model in NOD SCID mice. Next, the effects of β-catenin knockdown were assessed in a calvarial bone defect model, in which the frontal bone demonstrates enhanced bone healing associated with heightened Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Lentivirus encoding either β-catenin shRNA or random sequence shRNA with enhanced green fluorescent protein (control) was injected overlying the calvaria of NOD SCID mice and bone defects were created in either the frontal or parietal bones. Among mice treated with lentivirus encoding β-catenin shRNA, frontal bone defect healing was significantly reduced by all radiographic and histologic metrics. In contrast, parietal bone healing was minimally impacted by β-catenin shRNA. In aggregate, our data document the application and validation of a lentivirus encoding β-catenin shRNA model that represents an easily replicable tool for examining the importance of locoregional Wnt/β-catenin signaling in bone biology and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Leslie Chang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Jiajia Xu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Noah Yan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Erin Zou
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Catherine Ding
- UCLA and Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kang Ting
- UCLA and Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, Los Angeles, California
- Division of Growth and Development and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Chia Soo
- UCLA and Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, Los Angeles, California
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shen Pang
- UCLA and Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Aaron W. James
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- UCLA and Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, Los Angeles, California
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Kuwata K, Inoue K, Ichimura R, Takahashi M, Kodama Y, Shibutani M, Yoshida M. β-catenin Mutations Are Not Involved in Early-stage Hepatocarcinogenesis Induced by Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase Inhibitors in Mice. Toxicol Pathol 2017; 45:493-505. [PMID: 28580885 DOI: 10.1177/0192623317708898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported the contribution of constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) in cytotoxicity-related hepatocarcinogenesis induced by oxadiazon (OX) or acifluorfen (ACI), two pesticides categorized as protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) inhibitors. The molecular characteristics of preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions induced by OX and ACI were immunohistochemically compared to those by phenobarbital (PB), a typical CAR activator, in wild-type (WT) and CAR knockout (CARKO) mice after diethylnitrosamine initiation. We focused on changes in β-catenin and its transcriptional product glutamine synthetase (GS). In PB-promoted foci and adenomas, nuclear accumulation of mutated β-catenin was increased with high frequency. PB treatment also increased the multiplicity and area of GS-positive foci and adenomas in WT mice. No foci and adenomas showed nuclear accumulation of β-catenin and expression of GS in CARKO mice, similar to both genotypes of mice treated with OX and ACI. Interestingly, hepatocellular carcinoma induced in ACI-treated WT mice showed nuclear accumulation of β-catenin and was positive for GS. Our results indicated that β-catenin mutations were not involved in early-stage hepatocarcinogenesis induced by PROTOX inhibitors in mice, although activation of β-catenin and CAR is important in PB-induced tumorigenesis. The significant differences in molecular profiles suggested involvements of multiple mode of actions for hepatocarcinogenesis induced by PROTOX inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Kuwata
- 1 Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,2 Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Inoue
- 1 Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,3 Food Safety Commission, Cabinet Office, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryohei Ichimura
- 1 Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miwa Takahashi
- 1 Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukio Kodama
- 4 Division of Toxicology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Shibutani
- 2 Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Midori Yoshida
- 3 Food Safety Commission, Cabinet Office, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Tumor promotion and inhibition by phenobarbital in livers of conditional Apc-deficient mice. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90:1481-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1667-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Xiao YF, Yong X, Tang B, Qin Y, Zhang JW, Zhang D, Xie R, Yang SM. Notch and Wnt signaling pathway in cancer: Crucial role and potential therapeutic targets (Review). Int J Oncol 2015; 48:437-49. [PMID: 26648421 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
There is no radical cure for all cancer types. The most frequently used therapies are surgical treatment, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, recrudescence, radiation resistance and chemotherapy resistance are the most challenging issues in clinical practice. To address these issues, they should be further studied at the molecular level, and the signaling pathways involved represent a promising avenue for this research. In the present review, we mainly discuss the components and mechanisms of activation of the Notch and Wnt signaling pathways, and we summarize the recent research efforts on these two pathways in different cancers. We also evaluate the ideal drugs that could target these two signaling pathways for cancer therapy, summarize alterations in the Notch and Wnt signaling pathways in cancer, and discuss potential signaling inhibitors as effective drugs for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Xin Yong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Yong Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Wei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Rui Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Ming Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
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Complete response of Ctnnb1-mutated tumours to β-catenin suppression by locked nucleic acid antisense in a mouse hepatocarcinogenesis model. J Hepatol 2015; 62:380-7. [PMID: 25457204 PMCID: PMC4300253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatocellular cancer (HCC) remains a disease of poor prognosis, highlighting the relevance of elucidating key molecular aberrations that may be targeted for novel therapies. Wnt signalling activation, chiefly due to mutations in CTNNB1, have been identified in a major subset of HCC patients. While several in vitro proof of concept studies show the relevance of suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signalling in HCC cells or tumour xenograft models, no study has addressed the impact of β-catenin inhibition in a relevant murine HCC model driven by Ctnnb1 mutations. METHODS We studied the in vivo impact of β-catenin suppression by locked nucleic acid (LNA) antisense treatment, after establishing Ctnnb1 mutation-driven HCC by diethylnitrosamine and phenobarbital (DEN/PB) administration. RESULTS The efficacy of LNA directed against β-catenin vs. scrambled on Wnt signalling was demonstrated in vitro in HCC cells and in vivo in normal mice. The DEN/PB model leads to HCC with Ctnnb1 mutations. A complete therapeutic response in the form of abrogation of HCC was observed after ten treatments of tumour-bearing mice with β-catenin LNA every 48h as compared to the scrambled control. A decrease in β-catenin activity, cell proliferation and increased cell death was evident after β-catenin suppression. No effect of β-catenin suppression was evident in non-Ctnnb1 mutated HCC, observed after DEN-only administration. CONCLUSIONS Thus, we provide the in vivo proof of concept that β-catenin suppression in HCC will be of significant therapeutic benefit, provided the tumours display Wnt activation via mechanisms like CTNNB1 mutations.
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