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Zhou Y, Tao L, Qiu J, Xu J, Yang X, Zhang Y, Tian X, Guan X, Cen X, Zhao Y. Tumor biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:132. [PMID: 38763973 PMCID: PMC11102923 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01823-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor biomarkers, the substances which are produced by tumors or the body's responses to tumors during tumorigenesis and progression, have been demonstrated to possess critical and encouraging value in screening and early diagnosis, prognosis prediction, recurrence detection, and therapeutic efficacy monitoring of cancers. Over the past decades, continuous progress has been made in exploring and discovering novel, sensitive, specific, and accurate tumor biomarkers, which has significantly promoted personalized medicine and improved the outcomes of cancer patients, especially advances in molecular biology technologies developed for the detection of tumor biomarkers. Herein, we summarize the discovery and development of tumor biomarkers, including the history of tumor biomarkers, the conventional and innovative technologies used for biomarker discovery and detection, the classification of tumor biomarkers based on tissue origins, and the application of tumor biomarkers in clinical cancer management. In particular, we highlight the recent advancements in biomarker-based anticancer-targeted therapies which are emerging as breakthroughs and promising cancer therapeutic strategies. We also discuss limitations and challenges that need to be addressed and provide insights and perspectives to turn challenges into opportunities in this field. Collectively, the discovery and application of multiple tumor biomarkers emphasized in this review may provide guidance on improved precision medicine, broaden horizons in future research directions, and expedite the clinical classification of cancer patients according to their molecular biomarkers rather than organs of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lei Tao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiahao Qiu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- School of Medicine, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, China
| | - Xinyu Tian
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xinqi Guan
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaobo Cen
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yinglan Zhao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Cui YN, Tian N, Luo YH, Zhao JJ, Bi CF, Gou Y, Liu J, Feng K, Zhang JF. High-dose Vitamin C injection ameliorates against sepsis-induced myocardial injury by anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammatory and pro-autophagy through regulating MAPK, NF-κB and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways in rats. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:6937-6953. [PMID: 38643461 PMCID: PMC11087106 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to evaluate the effects of VC on SIMI in rats. METHODS In this study, the survival rate of high dose VC for SIMI was evaluated within 7 days. Rats were randomly assigned to three groups: Sham group, CLP group, and high dose VC (500 mg/kg i.v.) group. The animals in each group were treated with drugs for 1 day, 3 days or 5 days, respectively. Echocardiography, myocardial enzymes and HE were used to detect cardiac function. IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α) in serum were measured using ELISA kits. Western blot was used to detect proteins related to apoptosis, inflammation, autophagy, MAPK, NF-κB and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. RESULTS High dose VC improved the survival rate of SIMI within 7 days. Echocardiography, HE staining and myocardial enzymes showed that high-dose VC relieved SIMI in rats in a time-dependent manner. And compared with CLP group, high-dose VC decreased the expressions of pro-apoptotic proteins, while increased the expression of anti-apoptotic protein. And compared with CLP group, high dose VC decreased phosphorylation levels of Erk1/2, P38, JNK, NF-κB and IKK α/β in SIMI rats. High dose VC increased the expression of the protein Beclin-1 and LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, whereas decreased the expression of P62 in SIMI rats. Finally, high dose VC attenuated phosphorylation of PI3K, AKT and mTOR compared with the CLP group. SIGNIFICANCE Our results showed that high dose VC has a good protective effect on SIMI after continuous treatment, which may be mediated by inhibiting apoptosis and inflammatory, and promoting autophagy through regulating MAPK, NF-κB and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Cui
- Medical Records and Statistics Room, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750000, China
| | - Na Tian
- Department of Emergency Medical, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750000, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750000, China
| | - Yan-Hai Luo
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750000, China
| | - Ji-Jun Zhao
- Department of Emergency Medical, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750000, China
| | - Cheng-Fei Bi
- Department of Emergency Medical, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750000, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750000, China
| | - Yi Gou
- Department of Emergency Medical, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750000, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750000, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Emergency Medical, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750000, China
| | - Ke Feng
- Department of Emergency Medical, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750000, China
| | - Jun-Fei Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medical, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750000, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750000, China
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3
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Pangarkar M, Wagh U, Pathak A. Autophagy indicators in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Pathology 2024; 56:59-64. [PMID: 37981514 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2023.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy plays an important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Dysregulation of autophagy has been linked to a number of diseases, including cancer. We retrospectively evaluated immunohistochemical expression of the autophagy markers LC3B and p62 and the autophagy regulator mTOR as an indicator of autophagy in 100 surgically resected primary oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) samples and sought associations with various clinicopathological factors. The expression of all three proteins was significantly higher in malignant squamous cells than in benign squamous cells in the free mucosal margin adjacent to the OSCC. Male sex, higher tumour (T) stage, node (N) stage and tumour, node, metastasis (TNM) stage were significantly associated with high marker expression; age and histological grade showed no significant association. LC3B, p62 and mTOR expression were positively correlated with one another in OSCCs, and the correlation was significant for LC3B and mTOR as well as for LC3B and p62. Disease-free survival showed an inverse correlation with high mTOR expression. Our data suggest that autophagy inhibitors and mTOR inhibitors may have a therapeutic role in the treatment of OSCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Uttara Wagh
- National Cancer Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anand Pathak
- National Cancer Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
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4
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Abd El-Aziz YS, McKay MJ, Molloy MP, McDowell B, Moon E, Sioson L, Sheen A, Chou A, Gill AJ, Jansson PJ, Sahni S. Inhibition of autophagy initiation: A novel strategy for oral squamous cell carcinomas. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119627. [PMID: 37963518 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common forms of oral cancer and is known to have poor prognostic outcomes. Autophagy is known to be associated with aggressive tumor biology of OSCC. Hence, this study aimed to develop a novel therapeutic strategy against OSCC by targeting the autophagic pathway. METHODS Immunoblotting, and confocal microscopy were used to examine the effect of tumor microenvironmental stressors on the autophagy activity. Cellular proliferation and migration assays were performed to assess the anti-cancer activity of standard chemotherapy and autophagy initiation inhibitors, either alone or in combination. High resolution mass-spectrometry based proteomic analysis was utilized to understand the mechanisms behind chemoresistance in OSCC models. Finally, immunohistochemistry was performed to determine associations between autophagy markers and clinicopathological characteristics. RESULTS Tumor microenvironmental stressors were shown to induce autophagy activity in OSCC cell lines. Novel combinations of chemotherapy and autophagy inhibitors as well as different classes of autophagy inhibitors were identified. Combination of MRT68921 and SAR405 demonstrated marked synergy in their anti-proliferative activity and also showed synergy with chemotherapy in chemoresistant OSCC cell models. Autophagy was identified as one of the key pathways involved in mediating chemoresistance in OSCC. Furthermore, TGM2 was identified as a key upstream regulator of chemoresistance in OSCC models. Finally, positive staining for autophagosome marker LC3 was shown to be associated with low histological grade OSCC. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this study identified a combination of novel autophagy inhibitors which can potently inhibit proliferation of both chemosensitive as well as chemoresistant OSCC cells and could be developed as a novel therapy against advanced OSCC tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yomna S Abd El-Aziz
- Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia; Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Australia; Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Matthew J McKay
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark P Molloy
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Betty McDowell
- NSW Health Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Moon
- Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia; Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Loretta Sioson
- Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia; Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Australia; NSW Health Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Amy Sheen
- Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia; Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Australia; NSW Health Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Angela Chou
- Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia; Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Australia; NSW Health Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anthony J Gill
- Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia; Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Australia; NSW Health Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Patric J Jansson
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Australia; Cancer Drug Resistance & Stem Cell Program, School of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Sumit Sahni
- Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia; Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Australia.
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5
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Iserhard R, Pilar EFS, de Oliveira FH, Callegari-Jacques SM, Ferst P, Visioli F, Lopes AB, da Costa Lopez PL, Filippi-Chiela EC. Autophagy and nuclear morphometry are associated with histopathologic features in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:39-52. [PMID: 37878028 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02387-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Less than 15% of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) survive 5 years after diagnosis. A better understanding of the biology of these tumors and the development of clinical biomarkers is needed. Autophagy is a physiological mechanism involved in the turnover of cellular components that plays a key role in cancer. This study evaluated the differential levels of three key regulators of autophagy (SQSTM1, MAP1LC3B, and BECN1) in patients with ESCC, associating autophagy with histopathologic features, including the grade of differentiation, mitotic rate, inflammation score, and the intensity of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Nuclear morphometry of the tumor parenchyma was also assessed, associating it with autophagy and histopathology. All three markers significantly increased in patients with ESCC compared to the control group. Based on the mean expression of each protein in the control group, 57% of patients with ESCC had high levels of all three markers compared to control patients (14%). The most frequent profiles found in ESCC were BECNhigh/MAP1LC3high and BECNhigh/SQSTM1high. According to the TCGA database, we found that the main autophagy genes were upregulated in ESCC. Moreover, high levels of autophagy markers were associated with a poor prognosis. Considering nuclear morphometry, ESCC samples showed a significant reduction in nuclear area, which was strongly negatively correlated with autophagy. Finally, the percentage of normal nuclei was associated with tumor differentiation, while poorly differentiated tumors showed lower SQSTM1 levels. ESCC progression may involve increased autophagy and changes in nuclear structure, associated with clinically relevant histopathological features. KEY MESSAGES: Autophagy markers are co-increased in primary ESCC. Autophagy negatively correlates with nuclear morphometry in ESCC parenchyma. Autophagy and nuclear morphometry are associated with histopathological features. Autophagy is increased in ESCC-TCGA database and associated with poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Iserhard
- Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Paula Ferst
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Visioli
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dental Sciences, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Antonio Barros Lopes
- Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Luciana da Costa Lopez
- Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Cremonese Filippi-Chiela
- Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
- Center for Biotechnology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
- Department of Morphological Sciences, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre - Experimental Research Center, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, Porto Alegre, RS, 2350, 90035-903, Brazil.
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6
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Ma B, Li H, Zheng M, Cao R, Yu R. A novel autophagy-related subtypes to distinguish immune phenotypes and predict immunotherapy response in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. BIOMOLECULES & BIOMEDICINE 2023; 23:997-1013. [PMID: 37270839 PMCID: PMC10655872 DOI: 10.17305/bb.2023.9094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Both the absence of autophagy and excessive autophagy is double-edged sword in tumorigenesis. Due to the specificity of autophagy, its role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is still unclear. In this study, we established five autophagy-related patterns in 1165 HNSCC patients with distinct cellular and molecular characteristics. Additionally, we developed a new scoring system (ATPscore) based on the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among these five patterns, to represent the individual autophagy regulation pattern. ATPscore was shown to be significantly correlated with tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) infiltration, immune phenotypes, molecular subtypes, and genetic variations. We further found that ATPscore was both an independent prognostic factor and a potent predictor of clinical response to immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) based immunotherapy. We further verified the value of key gene SRPX in ATPscore in HNSCC cell lines with the in-depth research of ATPscore and found that it is closely related to immune subtypes, molecular subtypes, and immune activation-related markers. Our research could help us to understand the underlying mechanisms of tumor immunity and provide a solid foundation for combination of autophagy-targeted therapies with immunotherapies for clinical application in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ma
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingzhu Zheng
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Cao
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Riyue Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Takasaki R, Uchida F, Takaoka S, Ishii R, Fukuzawa S, Warabi E, Ishibashi-Kanno N, Yamagata K, Bukawa H, Yanagawa T. p62 Is a Potential Biomarker for Risk of Malignant Transformation of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMDs). Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:7630-7641. [PMID: 37754264 PMCID: PMC10529731 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45090480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine the intracellular behavior of p62, a marker of selective autophagy, in oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). This retrospective study includes 70 patients who underwent biopsy or surgical resection and were definitively diagnosed with OPMDs. Immunohistochemical staining for p62, XPO1, p53, and ki67 was performed on all samples and positive cell occupancy was calculated. We statistically investigated the correlation between protein expression in OPMDs and the association between malignant transformation, clinicopathological characteristics, and occupancy. ki67 expression was negatively correlated with p62 expression in the nucleus (p < 0.01) and positively correlated with p62 expression in the cytoplasm (p < 0.01). For malignant transformation, the expression of p62 in the nucleus (p = 0.03) was significantly lower in malignant transformation cases, whereas the expression of p62 in the cytoplasm (p = 0.03) and the aggregation expression (p < 0.01) were significantly higher. Our results suggest that the function of p62 is altered by its subcellular localization. In addition, defects in selective autophagy occur in cases of malignant transformation, suggesting that p62 is a potential biomarker of the risk of malignant transformation of OPMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Takasaki
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8875, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Uchida
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Shohei Takaoka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Ryota Ishii
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukuzawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Eiji Warabi
- Department of Anatomy and Rmbryology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Naomi Ishibashi-Kanno
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Kenji Yamagata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroki Bukawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Toru Yanagawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ibaraki Prefectural Central Hospital, 6528 Koibuchi, Kasama 309-1793, Japan
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Bankov K, Schulze F, Gretser S, Reis H, Abedin N, Finkelmeier F, Trojan J, Zeuzem S, Schnitzbauer AA, Walter D, Wild PJ, Kinzler MN. Active Autophagy Is Associated with Favorable Outcome in Patients with Surgically Resected Cholangiocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4322. [PMID: 37686598 PMCID: PMC10486413 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Data on the impact of autophagy in primary cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) remain scarce. Here, we therefore investigated the role of active autophagy and its impact on survival in CCA patients. All CCA patients who underwent surgical resection with curative intent between 08/2005 and 12/2021 at University Hospital Frankfurt were evaluated. Autophagic key proteins were studied by immunohistochemistry. iCCA processed for gene expression profiling of immune-exhaustion gene sets was used for an autophagy approach in silico. Active autophagy was present in 23.3% of the 172 CCA patients. Kaplan-Meier curves revealed median OS of 68.4 months (95% CI = 46.9-89.9 months) and 32.7 months (95% CI = 23.6-41.8 months) for active and non-active autophagy, respectively (p ≤ 0.001). In multivariate analysis, absence of active autophagy (HR = 2, 95% CI = 1.1-3.5, p = 0.015) was an independent risk factor for OS. Differential-expression profiling revealed significantly upregulated histone deacetylases (HDAC) mRNA in patients showing non-active autophagy. In line with this, pan-acetylated lysine was significantly more prominent in CCA patients with ongoing autophagy (p = 0.005). Our findings strengthen the role of active autophagy as a prognostically relevant marker and a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Bankov
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Falko Schulze
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Steffen Gretser
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Henning Reis
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nada Abedin
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Fabian Finkelmeier
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jörg Trojan
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Zeuzem
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas A. Schnitzbauer
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dirk Walter
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter J. Wild
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS), 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Maximilian N. Kinzler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Unveiling the Noncanonical Autophagy-Independent Role of ATG7 and ATG9B in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC). JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:9253938. [PMID: 36262348 PMCID: PMC9576406 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9253938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The role of autophagy in cancer remains elusive, and nontargeted autophagy inhibitors have limited therapeutic effects in HNSCC. Here, we systematically analyzed the correlation of autophagy-related genes in HNSCC through TCGA and single-cell sequencing data (GSE103322). ATG9B and ATG7 were found to have noncanonical autophagy-independent functions in HNSCC. Specifically, ATG9B was a protective factor in HNSCC patients through downregulating cancer cell EMT, and ATG7 was correlated with the immunosuppressive environment in HNSCC. Mechanistically, single-cell analysis revealed that ATG9B increased the epithelial phenotype of cancer cells but did not influence EMT signaling pathways. ATG7 was strongly correlated with elevated immunosuppressive checkpoints like PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA4 in HNSCC. Further single-cell analysis and multiple immunofluorescence colocalization analyses indicated that ATG7 contributed to the high expression of PD-L1 in myeloid cells but not cancer cells. Collectively, our results revealed noncanonical autophagy-independent functions of autophagy-related genes. These results increase understanding of the intricacies of autophagy and may contribute to precision treatment using autophagy-targeted therapies.
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10
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Magdy A, Farrag EAE, Hamed SM, Abdallah Z, El Nashar EM, Alghamdi MA, Ali AAH, Abd El-kader M. Neuroprotective and therapeutic effects of calcitriol in rotenone-induced Parkinson’s disease rat model. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:967813. [PMID: 36187296 PMCID: PMC9522903 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.967813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. Treatment of PD is challenging, as current treatment strategies are only symptomatic and do not stop disease development. Recent studies reported neuroprotective effects of calcitriol in PD through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The exact pathomechanisms of PD are not yet fully understood. So, investigation of different molecular pathways is challenging. Sirtuin-1 (Sirt1) modulates multiple physiological processes, including programmed cell death, DNA repair, and inflammation. Furthermore, defective autophagy is considered a key pathomechanism in PD as it eliminates protein aggregation and dysfunctional cell organelles. The present study investigated the involvement of autophagy and Sirt1/NF-κB molecular pathway in rotenone-induced PD and explored the protective and restorative effects of calcitriol through these mechanisms. Therefore, behavioral tests were used to test the effect of calcitriol on motor disability and equilibrium. Furthermore, the histological and neuronal architecture was assessed. The expression of genes encoding neuroinflammation and autophagy markers was determined by qPCR while their protein levels were determined by Western blot analysis and immune-histochemical staining. Our results indicate that behavioral impairments and dopaminergic neuron depletion in the rotenone-induced PD model were improved by calcitriol administration. Furthermore, calcitriol attenuated rotenone-induced neuroinflammation and autophagy dysfunction in PD rats through up-regulation of Sirt1 and LC3 and down-regulation of P62 and NF-κB expression levels. Thus, calcitriol could induce a neuro-protective and restorative effect in the rotenone-induced PD model by modulating autophagy and Sirt1/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alshimaa Magdy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Alshimaa Magdy,
| | - Eman A. E. Farrag
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Shereen Mohamed Hamed
- Department of Medical Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Zienab Abdallah
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Eman Mohamad El Nashar
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Mansour Abdullah Alghamdi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Genomics and Personalized Medicine Unit, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira A. H. Ali
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Institute of Anatomy ll, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marwa Abd El-kader
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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11
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Shi Y, Yan S, Shao GC, Wang J, Jian YP, Liu B, Yuan Y, Qin K, Nai S, Huang X, Wang Y, Chen Z, Chen X, Dong MQ, Geng Y, Xu ZX, Li J. O-GlcNAcylation stabilizes the autophagy-initiating kinase ULK1 by inhibiting chaperone-mediated autophagy upon HPV infection. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102341. [PMID: 35931119 PMCID: PMC9436821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) cause a subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). Previously, we demonstrated that HPV16 oncogene E6 or E6/E7 transduction increases the abundance of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT), but OGT substrates affected by this increase are unclear. Here, we focus on the effects of O-GlcNAcylation on HPV-positive HNSCCs. We found that upon HPV infection, Unc-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1), an autophagy-initiating kinase, is hyper-O-GlcNAcylated, stabilized, and linked with autophagy elevation. Through mass spectrometry, we identified that ULK1 is O-GlcNAcylated at Ser409, which is distinct from the previously reported Thr635/Thr754 sites. It has been demonstrated that PKCα mediates phosphorylation of ULK1 at Ser423, which attenuates its stability by shunting ULK1 to the chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) pathway. Using biochemical assays, we demonstrate that ULK1 Ser409Ser410 O-GlcNAcylation antagonizes its phosphorylation at Ser423. Moreover, mutations of Ser409A and its neighboring site Ser410A (2A) render ULK1 less stable by promoting interaction with the CMA chaperone HSC70 (heat shock cognate 70 kDa protein). Furthermore, ULK1-2A mutants attenuate the association of ULK1 with STX17, which is vital for the fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database reveals that ULK1 is upregulated in HPV-positive HNSCCs, and its level positively correlates with HNSCC patient survival. Overall, our work demonstrates that O-GlcNAcylation of ULK1 is altered in response to environmental changes. O-GlcNAcylation of ULK1 at Ser409 and perhaps Ser410 stabilizes ULK1, which might underlie the molecular mechanism of HPV-positive HNSCC patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response and College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Sheng Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response and College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Guang-Can Shao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jinglong Wang
- Qingdao University Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Yong-Ping Jian
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response and College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yanqiu Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Ke Qin
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shanshan Nai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response and College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xiahe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yingchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhenghui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xing Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Meng-Qiu Dong
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yiqun Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Zhi-Xiang Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China.
| | - Jing Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response and College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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12
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Karpathiou G, Mobarki M, Papoudou-Bai A, Grosjean V, Chauleur C, Péoc’h M. Autophagic factors in Paget disease. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 236:154001. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Balachander K, Paramasivam A. Selective autophagy as a potential therapeutic target for oral cancer. Oral Oncol 2022; 130:105934. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.105934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Autophagy and cellular senescence in classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 236:153964. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Salimi-Jeda A, Ghabeshi S, Gol Mohammad Pour Z, Jazaeri EO, Araiinejad M, Sheikholeslami F, Abdoli M, Edalat M, Abdoli A. Autophagy Modulation and Cancer Combination Therapy: A Smart Approach in Cancer Therapy. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2022; 30:100512. [PMID: 35026533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2022.100512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The autophagy pathway is the process whereby cells keep cellular homeostasis and respond to stress via recycling their damaged cellular proteins, organelles, and other cellular components. In the context of cancer, autophagy is a dual-edge sword pro- and anti-tumorigenic role depending on the oncogenic context and stage of tumorigenesis. Cancer cells have a higher dependency on autophagy compared with normal cells because of cellular damages and high demands for energy. The carbon, nitrogen, and molecular oxygen are building blocks for highly proliferative cancer cells which extremely depend on glutaminolysis and aerobic glycolysis; when a cancer cell is restricted to glucose and glutamine, it initiates to activate a stress response pathway using autophagy. Oncogenic tyrosine kinases (OncTKs) and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) activation result in autophagy modulation through activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 and RAS/MAPK signaling pathways. Targeted inhibition of tyrosine kinases (TKs) and RTKs have recently been considered as cancer therapy but drug resistance and cancer relapse continue to be a major limitation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Manipulation of autophagy pathway along with TKIs may be a promising strategy to circumvent unknown existing drug-resistance mechanisms that may emerge in a treated patient. In this way, clinical trials are ongoing to modulate autophagy to treat cancer. This review aims to summarize the combination therapy of autophagy affecting compounds with anticancer drugs which target cell signaling pathways, metabolism mechanisms, and epigenetics modification to improve therapeutic efficacy against cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Salimi-Jeda
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Soad Ghabeshi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ehsan Ollah Jazaeri
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 13169-43551, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Araiinejad
- WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Rabies, Pasteur Institute of Iran Iran
| | - Farzaneh Sheikholeslami
- WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Rabies, Pasteur Institute of Iran Iran
| | - Mohsen Abdoli
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdi Edalat
- Department of medical laboratory sciences, Paramedical Sciences, Tabriz University of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Asghar Abdoli
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 13169-43551, Iran.
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16
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Peña-Oyarzún D, San Martin C, Hernández-Cáceres MP, Lavandero S, Morselli E, Budini M, Burgos PV, Criollo A. Autophagy in aging-related oral diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:903836. [PMID: 35992149 PMCID: PMC9390882 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.903836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular degradation mechanism that allows recycling of organelles and macromolecules. Autophagic function increases metabolite availability modulating metabolic pathways, differentiation and cell survival. The oral environment is composed of several structures, including mineralized and soft tissues, which are formed by complex interactions between epithelial and mesenchymal cells. With aging, increased prevalence of oral diseases such as periodontitis, oral cancer and periapical lesions are observed in humans. These aging-related oral diseases are chronic conditions that alter the epithelial-mesenchymal homeostasis, disrupting the oral tissue architecture affecting the quality of life of the patients. Given that autophagy levels are reduced with age, the purpose of this review is to discuss the link between autophagy and age-related oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Peña-Oyarzún
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Interdisciplinary Center for Research in Territorial Health of the Aconcagua Valley (CIISTe Aconcagua), School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, San Felipe Campus, Universidad de Valparaíso, San Felipe, Chile
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas (ICOD), Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carla San Martin
- Interdisciplinary Center for Research in Territorial Health of the Aconcagua Valley (CIISTe Aconcagua), School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, San Felipe Campus, Universidad de Valparaíso, San Felipe, Chile
| | - María Paz Hernández-Cáceres
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas (ICOD), Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Eugenia Morselli
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Sciences, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Autophagy Research Center, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Mauricio Budini
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas (ICOD), Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Autophagy Research Center, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Patricia V. Burgos
- Autophagy Research Center, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE-UC), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
- Centro Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alfredo Criollo
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas (ICOD), Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Autophagy Research Center, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- *Correspondence: Alfredo Criollo,
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17
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Martano M, Altamura G, Power K, Liguori P, Restucci B, Borzacchiello G, Maiolino P. Beclin 1, LC3 and P62 Expression in Equine Sarcoids. Animals (Basel) 2021; 12:ani12010020. [PMID: 35011126 PMCID: PMC8749869 DOI: 10.3390/ani12010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Equine sarcoids, caused by bovine papillomaviruses, are equine skin tumors of fibroblastic origin. It is well known that bovine papillomaviruses are able to interfere with the survival and proliferation of cells by regulating autophagy, a mechanism implicated in the breakdown and reuse of old and damaged cellular material. The present study focused on the evaluation in equine sarcoids and normal skins of the expression level of some of the main proteins involved in the autophagic pathway, such as Beclin 1, LC3 and P62, by immunohistochemical and biochemical techniques. Results obtained in equine sarcoids suggested an alteration of the autophagic process which could lead to a predominance of a particular population of fibroblast. Those fibroblasts could survive longer in a hypoxic microenvironment and produce more and/or altered collagen, giving an origin to the equine sarcoid. Abstract Background: It is well known that δ-bovine papillomaviruses (BPV-1, BPV-2 and BPV-13) are one of the major causative agents of equine sarcoids, the most common equine skin tumors. Different viruses, including papillomaviruses, evolved ingenious strategies to modulate autophagy, a complex process involved in degradation and recycling of old and damaged material. Methods: The aim of this study was to evaluate, by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot (WB) analysis, the expression of the main related autophagy proteins (Beclin 1, protein light chain 3 (LC3) and P62), in 35 BPV1/2 positive equine sarcoids and 5 BPV negative normal skin samples. Results: Sarcoid samples showed from strong-to-moderate cytoplasmic immunostaining, respectively, for Beclin 1 and P62 in >60% of neoplastic fibroblasts, while LC3 immunostaining was weak to moderate in ≤60% of neoplastic fibroblasts. Western blot analysis confirmed the specificity of the antibodies and revealed no activation of autophagic flux despite Beclin 1 overexpression in sarcoid samples. Conclusion: Results could suggest the activation of the initial phase of autophagy in equine sarcoids, and its impairment during the following steps. The impairment of autophagy could lead to a selection of a quiescent population of fibroblasts, which survive longer in a hypoxic microenvironment and produced more and/or altered collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Martano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (K.P.); (B.R.); (G.B.); (P.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-2536465; Fax: +39-081-2536186
| | - Gennaro Altamura
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (K.P.); (B.R.); (G.B.); (P.M.)
| | - Karen Power
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (K.P.); (B.R.); (G.B.); (P.M.)
| | | | - Brunella Restucci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (K.P.); (B.R.); (G.B.); (P.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Borzacchiello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (K.P.); (B.R.); (G.B.); (P.M.)
| | - Paola Maiolino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (K.P.); (B.R.); (G.B.); (P.M.)
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18
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Loss of TACC1 variant25 inducing cell proliferation and suppressing autophagy in head and neck squamous carcinoma. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:386. [PMID: 34897285 PMCID: PMC8665927 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00777-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming acidic coiled-coil containing protein1 (TACC1) is closely related to transcription, translation and centrosome dynamics. Dysregulation of TACC1 is associated with multiple malignancies. Alternative splicing (AS) of TACC1 produces multiple variants, which are of great significance in cancer biology. However, the expression and biological functions of TACC1 variants in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remain unclear. In this study, we found for the first time that TACC1 variants exhibited a characteristic expression pattern and that TACC1 variant25 (TACC1v25) was downregulated in HNSCC tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of TACC1v25 in Cal27 and Fadu cells significantly inhibited proliferation and promoted autophagy. Moreover, expression levels of nuclear pERK and p-mTOR were significantly decreased, while the expression of Beclin-1 and the LC3II/LC3I ratio were increased in TACC1v25-overexpressed Cal27 and Fadu cells. After the addition of AKT activator SC79 to TACC1v25-overexpressed Cal27 and Fadu cells, the autophagy levels were remarkably rescued. In conclusion, TACC1v25 inhibits HNSCC progression through the ERK and AKT/mTOR pathways by inhibiting proliferation and increasing autophagy. TACC1v25 might have potential use as a tumour suppressor in HNSCC.
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19
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Patel D, Dabhi AM, Dmello C, Seervi M, Sneha KM, Agrawal P, Sahani MH, Kanojia D. FKBP1A upregulation correlates with poor prognosis and increased metastatic potential of HNSCC. Cell Biol Int 2021; 46:443-453. [PMID: 34882900 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common malignancy globally. The etiology of HNSCC is multifactorial, including cellular stress induced by a tobacco smoking, tobacco chewing excess alcohol consumption, and human papillomavirus infection. The induction of stress includes autophagy as one of the response pathways in maintaining homeostatic equilibrium. We evaluated the expression of autophagy-related genes in HNSCC tissues from RNA sequencing datasets and identified 19 genes correlated with poor prognosis and 18 genes correlated with improved prognosis of HNSCC patients. Further analysis of independent gene expression datasets revealed that ATG12, HSP90AB1, and FKBP1A are overexpressed in HNSCC and correlate with poor prognosis, whereas the overexpression of ANXA1, FOS, and ULK3 correlates with improved prognosis. Using independent datasets, we also found that ATG12, HSP90AB1, and FKBP1A expression increased with an increase in the T-stage of HNSCC. Among all the datasets analyzed, FKBP1A was overexpressed in HNSCC and was strongly associated with lymph node metastasis in multiple in silico datasets. In conclusion, our analysis indicates dynamic alterations in autophagy genes during HNSCC and warrants further investigation, specifically on FKBP1A and its role in tumor progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruti Patel
- Dr. Vikram Sarabhai Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Aarsh M Dabhi
- Centre for Molecular Neurosciences, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Crismita Dmello
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - K M Sneha
- Centre for Molecular Neurosciences, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Pavan Agrawal
- Centre for Molecular Neurosciences, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Mayurbhai H Sahani
- Dr. Vikram Sarabhai Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Deepak Kanojia
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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20
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Abd El-Aziz YS, Leck LYW, Jansson PJ, Sahni S. Emerging Role of Autophagy in the Development and Progression of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6152. [PMID: 34944772 PMCID: PMC8699656 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular catabolic process, which is characterized by degradation of damaged proteins and organelles needed to supply the cell with essential nutrients. At basal levels, autophagy is important to maintain cellular homeostasis and development. It is also a stress responsive process that allows the cells to survive when subjected to stressful conditions such as nutrient deprivation. Autophagy has been implicated in many pathologies including cancer. It is well established that autophagy plays a dual role in different cancer types. There is emerging role of autophagy in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) development and progression. This review will focus on the role played by autophagy in relation to different aspects of cancer progression and discuss recent studies exploring the role of autophagy in OSCC. It will further discuss potential therapeutic approaches to target autophagy in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yomna S. Abd El-Aziz
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (Y.S.A.E.-A.); (L.Y.W.L.); (P.J.J.)
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, NSW 2064, Australia
- Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Lionel Y. W. Leck
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (Y.S.A.E.-A.); (L.Y.W.L.); (P.J.J.)
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, NSW 2064, Australia
- Cancer Drug Resistance and Stem Cell Program, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Patric J. Jansson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (Y.S.A.E.-A.); (L.Y.W.L.); (P.J.J.)
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, NSW 2064, Australia
- Cancer Drug Resistance and Stem Cell Program, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sumit Sahni
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (Y.S.A.E.-A.); (L.Y.W.L.); (P.J.J.)
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, NSW 2064, Australia
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21
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Ieni A, Pizzimenti C, Giuffrè G, Caruso RA, Tuccari G. Autophagy-related prognostic signature in HER2 positive gastric carcinomas. Curr Mol Med 2021; 22:809-818. [PMID: 34814818 DOI: 10.2174/1566524021666211123093532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immunohistochemical analysis of autophagy-related proteins (ATGs) has been recently applied in human pathology to study differentiation and cancer progression. The aim of the present study is to analyze a cohort of gastric carcinomas (GC) by five ATG antisera (Beclin-1, LC3A/B, p62, ULK-1 and AMBRA-1), also evaluating their possible relationship with clinicopathological parameters, HER2 status and final outcome of patients. METHODS A cohort of 123 GCs has been studied by ATG antisera utilizing Masuda's criteria that define positive cases in which at least two out of five protein expressions were documented. RESULTS The immunohistochemical signature for autophagy (A-IHC) was 49.59% as a whole. The percentage of A-IHC ranged from 31% for poorly cohesive carcinomas to 56% for adenocarcinomas. The performance of each ATG immunomarker documented high values for sensitivity, specificity and efficiency for LC3A/B, Beclin-1 and p62. In univariate analysis of GC, grade, stage, Ki67 expression, HER2 status as well as A-IHC appeared as emerged as relevant parameters with a high p-value (p < 0.001). Finally, in multivariate analysis, HER2 status, stage and A-IHC emerged as independent prognostic variables. In the comparison of survival curves, GC cases immunoreactive for A-IHC exhibited a shorter survival with a worse outcome. CONCLUSIONS We have hypothesized that A-IHC could represent an additional morphological tool to provide prognostic elements in order to identify patients affected by aggressive with shorter survival and worse outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ieni
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Section of Pathology, University of Messina, Messina. Italy
| | - Cristina Pizzimenti
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Section of Pathology, University of Messina, Messina. Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giuffrè
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Section of Pathology, University of Messina, Messina. Italy
| | - Rosario Alberto Caruso
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Section of Pathology, University of Messina, Messina. Italy
| | - Giovanni Tuccari
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Section of Pathology, University of Messina, Messina. Italy
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22
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Prognostic Value of LC3B and p62 Expression in Small Intestinal Adenocarcinoma. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10225398. [PMID: 34830679 PMCID: PMC8624293 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10225398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, a mechanism that maintains cellular homeostasis, is involved in tumor cell growth and survival in cancer, and autophagy inhibitors have been tested clinical trials for anticancer therapy. To elucidate the clinical and prognostic implications of autophagy in small intestinal adenocarcinoma (SIAC), we assessed the expression of autophagy markers, LC3B and p62, in 171 surgically resected primary SIACs using automated quantitative analysis. Positive LC3B, p62 nuclear (p62Nu), and p62 cytoplasmic (p62Cy) expression was observed in 23 (13.5%), 52 (30.4%), and 43 (25.1%) carcinomas, respectively. LC3B+ expression was correlated with undifferentiated carcinoma (p < 0.001) and high histologic grade (p = 0.029). The combined expression of LC3B and p62Nu (LC3+/p62Nu+) was related to the older age of patients (p = 0.017), undifferentiated carcinoma (p < 0.001), and high grade (p = 0.031). LC3B+ (p = 0.006), p62Cy+ (p = 0.041), or p62Nu+ (p = 0.006) expression were associated with worse survival. In addition, SIAC patients with either LC3B+/p62Nu+ (p = 0.001) or LC3B+/p62Cy+ (p = 0.002) expression had shorter survival times. In multivariate analysis, LC3B expression remained an independent prognostic factor (p = 0.025) for overall survival. In conclusion, autophagy may play a role in the tumorigenesis of SIACs, and LC3B and p62 could be used as prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for SIACs.
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23
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Primary central nervous system lymphomas express immunohistochemical factors of autophagy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22259. [PMID: 34782660 PMCID: PMC8594774 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01693-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is an aggressive and rare disease. Autophagy is a catabolic mechanism boosting various tumors, including lymphomas; its inhibition is thus a promising therapeutic target. Its presence has never been studied in PCNSLs. We conducted a retrospective immunohistochemical study of 25 PCNSLs for LC3B, p62, and M6PR, comparing it with clinicopathological characteristics. Fourteen (56%) and eleven (44%) PCNSLs were of low and high LC3B expression, respectively. p62 expression was present in most tumors (n = 21, 84%). M6PR was present in all tumors, with 14 (56%) and 11 (44%) cases being of low and high M6PR expression, respectively. LC3B expression was correlated with the performance status (PS) (p = 0.04). No association was found with other clinical parameters, such as deep structure invasion, multiple lesions, complete response, and recurrence after response. p62 showed a strong positive association with MUM1 expression (p = 0.0005). M6PR expression showed a positive correlation (p = 0.04) with PD-L1 expression. No association was found with p53, Ki67, CD8, BCL2, BCL6, or double MYC/BLC2 co-expressors. No association of LC3B, p62, and M6PR expression with survival was found. Our findings provide evidence for the possible presence of autophagic markers in PCNSLs and, thus, for possible treatment targets.
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24
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Lee SH, Cho WJ, Najy AJ, Saliganan AD, Pham T, Rakowski J, Loughery B, Ji CH, Sakr W, Kim S, Kato I, Chung WK, Kim HE, Kwon YT, Kim HRC. p62/SQSTM1-induced caspase-8 aggresomes are essential for ionizing radiation-mediated apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:997. [PMID: 34697296 PMCID: PMC8546074 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04301-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The autophagy–lysosome pathway and apoptosis constitute vital determinants of cell fate and engage in a complex interplay in both physiological and pathological conditions. Central to this interplay is the archetypal autophagic cargo adaptor p62/SQSTM1/Sequestosome-1 which mediates both cell survival and endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis via aggregation of ubiquitinated caspase-8. Here, we investigated the role of p62-mediated apoptosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), which can be divided into two groups based on human papillomavirus (HPV) infection status. We show that increased autophagic flux and defective apoptosis are associated with radioresistance in HPV(-) HNSCC, whereas HPV(+) HNSCC fail to induce autophagic flux and readily undergo apoptotic cell death upon radiation treatments. The degree of radioresistance and tumor progression of HPV(-) HNSCC respectively correlated with autophagic activity and cytosolic levels of p62. Pharmacological activation of the p62-ZZ domain using small molecule ligands sensitized radioresistant HPV(-) HNSCC cells to ionizing radiation by facilitating p62 self-polymerization and sequestration of cargoes leading to apoptosis. The self-polymerizing activity of p62 was identified as the essential mechanism by which ubiquitinated caspase-8 is sequestered into aggresome-like structures, without which irradiation fails to induce apoptosis in HNSCC. Our results suggest that harnessing p62-dependent sequestration of ubiquitinated caspase-8 provides a novel therapeutic avenue in patients with radioresistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Hyun Lee
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.,Cellular Degradation Biology Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jin Cho
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Abdo J Najy
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Allen-Dexter Saliganan
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Tri Pham
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Joseph Rakowski
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.,Division of Radiation Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Brian Loughery
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Chang Hoon Ji
- Cellular Degradation Biology Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,AUTOTAC Bio Inc., Changkkyunggung-ro 254, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Wael Sakr
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Seongho Kim
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Ikuko Kato
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Weon Kuu Chung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Harold E Kim
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.,Division of Radiation Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Yong Tae Kwon
- Cellular Degradation Biology Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,AUTOTAC Bio Inc., Changkkyunggung-ro 254, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea. .,SNU Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyeong-Reh C Kim
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA. .,Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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25
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Liu PF, Shu CW, Yang HC, Lee CH, Liou HH, Ger LP, Tzeng YDT, Wang WC. Combined Evaluation of MAP1LC3B and SQSTM1 for Biological and Clinical Significance in Ductal Carcinoma of Breast Cancer. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111514. [PMID: 34829743 PMCID: PMC8615094 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. The microtubule-associated protein light chain 3B (MAP1LC3B) and adaptor sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1) are two major markers for autophagy. Increased protein levels of MAP1LC3B and SQSTM1 are considered to be causes of autophagy inhibition or activation in various types of cancers. However, the roles of MAP1LC3B and SQSTM1 in breast cancer are still not clear. Using a tissue microarray from 274 breast invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) patients, we found that tumor tissues showed higher protein levels of MAP1LC3B and cytoplasmic SQSTM1 in comparison to those in adjacent normal tissues. Moreover, high levels of MAP1LC3B were associated with better survival, including disease-specific survival and disease-free survival (DFS) in IDC patients. Furthermore, high co-expression of MAP1LC3B and SQSTM1 was significantly associated with better DFS in IDC patients. Astonishingly, the autophagy inhibitor accumulated the protein levels of MAP1LC3B/SQSTM1 and enhanced the cytotoxic effects of cisplatin and paclitaxel in MCF7 and BT474 breast cancer cell lines, implying that autophagy inhibition might result in poor prognosis and chemosensitivity in IDC. Taken together, high co-expression of MAP1LC3B and SQSTM1 might serve as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for IDC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Feng Liu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (P.-F.L.); (C.-H.L.)
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wen Shu
- Institute of BioPharmaceutical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
| | - Hsiu-Chen Yang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan; (H.-C.Y.); (H.-H.L.); (L.-P.G.)
| | - Cheng-Hsin Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (P.-F.L.); (C.-H.L.)
| | - Huei-Han Liou
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan; (H.-C.Y.); (H.-H.L.); (L.-P.G.)
| | - Luo-Ping Ger
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan; (H.-C.Y.); (H.-H.L.); (L.-P.G.)
| | - Yen-Dun Tony Tzeng
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-D.T.T.); (W.-C.W.); Tel.: +886-07-3422121-73008 (Y.-D.T.T.); +886-06-2812811-57112 (W.-C.W.)
| | - Wen-Ching Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-D.T.T.); (W.-C.W.); Tel.: +886-07-3422121-73008 (Y.-D.T.T.); +886-06-2812811-57112 (W.-C.W.)
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26
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Karpathiou G, Hamlat M, Dridi M, Forest F, Papoudou-Bai A, Dumollard JM, Peoc'h M. Autophagy and immune microenvironment in craniopharyngioma and ameloblastoma. Exp Mol Pathol 2021; 123:104712. [PMID: 34655574 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2021.104712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Craniopharyngiomas and ameloblastomas show remarkable histologic and molecular similarities. The immune microenvironment of craniopharyngiomas has been recently studied showing interesting findings, while its composition in ameloblastomas is unknown. Similarly, some evidence of autophagic activity, a process of cellular constituents' degradation has been found in ameloblastomas, but no studies exist in craniopharyngiomas. Thus, the aim of the study is to compare factors of the immune microenvironment and the autophagic apparatus between these two tumor types. METHODS 26 craniopharyngiomas and 14 ameloblastomas were immunohistochemically studied for PD-L1, CD8, CD20, S100, CD163, MECA-79, LC3B and p62. RESULTS Craniopharyngiomas showed higher LC3B tumor cell expression, higher CD8+ T cells and higher CD163+ macrophages in comparison to ameloblastomas. LC3B tumor cell expression was associated with overall survival in craniopharyngioma patients and p62 nuclear expression was associated with overall survival in ameloblastoma patients. CONCLUSION This is the first study showing the presence of autophagic markers in craniopharyngiomas and describing the immune microenvironment of ameloblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehdi Hamlat
- Pathology Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Maroa Dridi
- Pathology Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Fabien Forest
- Pathology Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, France
| | | | | | - Michel Peoc'h
- Pathology Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, France
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27
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Autophagy in cardiac myxoma: An important puzzle piece in understanding its inflammatory environment. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 226:153609. [PMID: 34537518 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac myxomas are rare, predominantly sporadic tumors that can cause heart failure and systematic inflammatory symptoms, and increase the risk of emboli. Their pathophysiology remains poorly understood, but intra-tumoral inflammation and senescence seem to be implicated in it. One of the principal cellular mechanisms implicated in tumor progression is autophagy, largely unknown in myxomas. Thus, our study aimed to investigate the presence of autophagic markers in myxomas and to correlate it with their immune microenvironment. METHODS Twenty-five cardiac myxomas were studied for the autophagic markers LC3B and p62/sequestosome 1 and were compared with markers of the immune microenvironment. RESULTS Most myxomas showed expression of both autophagic markers. We found a positive correlation between LC3B and PD-L1, as well as CD163, and a negative correlation between LC3B and CD8, CD20, CD138, and CD117 infiltration. CONCLUSION Our data not only confirm the presence of autophagic markers within cardiac myxomas but also suggest a possible association with their immune microenvironment.
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28
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Tang J, Li Y, Xia S, Li J, Yang Q, Ding K, Zhang H. Sequestosome 1/p62: A multitasker in the regulation of malignant tumor aggression (Review). Int J Oncol 2021; 59:77. [PMID: 34414460 PMCID: PMC8425587 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1)/p62 is an adapter protein mainly involved in the transportation, degradation and destruction of various proteins that cooperates with components of autophagy and the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation pathway. Numerous studies have shown that SQSTM1/p62 functions at multiple levels, including involvement in genetic stability or modification, post-transcriptional regulation and protein function. As a result, SQSTM1/p62 is a versatile protein that is a critical core regulator of tumor cell genetic stability, autophagy, apoptosis and other forms of cell death, malignant growth, proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis and chemoradiotherapeutic response, and an indicator of patient prognosis. SQSTM1/p62 regulates these processes via its distinct molecular structure, through which it participates in a variety of activating or inactivating tumor-related and tumor microenvironment-related signaling pathways, particularly positive feedback loops and epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related pathways. Therefore, functioning as a proto-oncogene or tumor suppressor gene in various types of cancer and tumor-associated microenvironments, SQSTM1/p62 is capable of promoting or retarding malignant tumor aggression, giving rise to immeasurable effects on tumor occurrence and development, and on patient treatment and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Tang
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Shuli Xia
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Research Unit of Intelligence Classification of Tumor Pathology and Precision Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Jinfan Li
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Kefeng Ding
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China,Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Honghe Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Research Unit of Intelligence Classification of Tumor Pathology and Precision Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
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29
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Jiang Y, Li Y, Ge H, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Guo S, Zhang P, Cheng J, Wang Y. Identification of an autophagy-related prognostic signature in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2021; 50:1040-1049. [PMID: 34358365 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy-related genes (ARGs) have been significantly implicated in tumorigenesis and served as promising prognostic biomarkers for human cancer. Hence, this study was aimed to develop an ARGs-based prognostic signature for Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). METHODS Prognostic ARG candidates were identified by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis in the training dataset (TCGA-HNSC) and incorporated into a 3-ARGs (EGFR, FADD, and PARK2) prognostic signature which was further verified in two independent validation cohorts (GSE41613 and GSE42743). Kaplan-Meier plots, Cox regression analyses, and receiver operating characteristics curves (ROC) were employed to evaluate the prognostic prediction of 3-ARGs signature. Differential expression of these 3 ARG between cancer and normal counterparts as well as their associations with autophagy markers were assessed in 60 pairs of freshly collected HNSCC and adjacent non-tumor samples and datasets from Human Protein Atlas, respectively. RESULTS Patients with high-risk score had significantly inferior overall survival. Multivariate regression analyses revealed that 3-ARGs signature could be an independent prognostic factor after adjusting various clinicopathological parameters. ROC analyses revealed high predictive accuracy and sensitivity of the 3-ARGs signature. Increased mRNA and protein expression of EGFR, FADD, and PARK2 were found in HNSCC samples, and their expression significantly correlated with the abundances of ATG5, Beclin1, and LC3. CONCLUSION Our results reveal that 3-ARGs signature is a powerful prognostic biomarker for HNSCC, which could be integrated into the current prognostic regime to realize individualized outcome prediction. EGFR, FADD, and PARK2 likely contributed to autophagy during HNSCC tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Han Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaping Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuchao Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Songsong Guo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanling Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
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30
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Fontaine A, Bellanger D, Guibon R, Bruyère F, Brisson L, Fromont G. Lipophagy and prostate cancer: association with disease aggressiveness and proximity to periprostatic adipose tissue. J Pathol 2021; 255:166-176. [PMID: 34219239 DOI: 10.1002/path.5754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The prostate gland is surrounded by periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT), which is believed to play a role in prostate cancer (PCa) progression. Cancer cells can take up lipids from the microenvironment and store them in lipid droplets (LDs). Fatty acids released from LDs are used by PCa cells as preferential metabolic fuels to provide energy and promote cancer progression. Recently, fatty acids have been associated with autophagy, a cellular recycling pathway. Lipophagy is a selective form of autophagy involved in LD degradation, the role of which in PCa progression remains unknown. Here, we explored markers of autophagy and lipophagy in human PCa tissues in correlation with factors of aggressiveness, and we evaluated the influence of PPAT adipocytes on autophagy and lipophagy. We analyzed markers of autophagy (p62, LC3), lipid droplets (PLIN and Oil Red O), androgen receptor (AR), proliferation (Ki67), and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (Zeb1) on 465 PCa samples. Co-cultures of PCa cell lines PC3 and 22RV1 with adipocytes isolated from patients' PPAT were used to analyze the influence of PPAT on autophagy and lipophagy in vitro. In human PCa tissues, we observed a correlation between markers of LD and those of autophagy, which are associated with clinical and biological factors of disease aggressiveness. In addition, PLIN staining was associated with AR expression. In locally advanced PCa, p62, LC3, and PLIN were increased in extraprostatic areas where cancer cells are in contact with PPAT. Co-culture of PCa cell lines with adipocytes decreased autophagy activity and increased LD flux in PC3 cells. These results suggest an active process of lipophagy in PCa, linked to disease aggressiveness, to the proximity of PPAT, and induced in vitro in co-culture with adipocytes. Lipophagy is therefore likely to be a crucial player in PCa progression. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alix Fontaine
- Department of Pathology, Bretonneau Hospital, CHU - University of Tours, Tours, France
| | | | - Roseline Guibon
- Department of Pathology, Bretonneau Hospital, CHU - University of Tours, Tours, France.,Inserm UMR U1069, Tours, France
| | - Franck Bruyère
- Department of Urology, Bretonneau Hospital, CHU - University of Tours, Tours, France
| | | | - Gaelle Fromont
- Department of Pathology, Bretonneau Hospital, CHU - University of Tours, Tours, France.,Inserm UMR U1069, Tours, France
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31
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Ogawa T, Ishitsuka Y, Fujimoto M, Nomura T. Altered nucleocytoplasmic staining patterns of p62/SQSTM1 in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma precursors. JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS IMMUNOLOGY AND ALLERGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cia2.12171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology Faculty of Medicine University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan
| | - Yosuke Ishitsuka
- Department of Dermatology Faculty of Medicine University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan
- Department of Dermatology Graduate School of Medicine Osaka University Suita Japan
| | - Manabu Fujimoto
- Department of Dermatology Graduate School of Medicine Osaka University Suita Japan
| | - Toshifumi Nomura
- Department of Dermatology Faculty of Medicine University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan
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Kobayashi T, Ishida M, Miki H, Matsumi Y, Fukui T, Hamada M, Tsuta K, Sekimoto M. p62 is a useful predictive marker for tumour regression after chemoradiation therapy in patients with advanced rectal cancer: an immunohistochemical study. Colorectal Dis 2021; 23:1083-1090. [PMID: 33316131 DOI: 10.1111/codi.15486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between p62 expression status and tumour regression grade in advanced rectal cancer. METHODS We enrolled 47 consecutive patients with advanced rectal cancer who underwent chemoradiation therapy (CRT) before surgery. p62 expression in the biopsy specimens was immunohistochemically evaluated, and p62 expression score (staining intensity × positive tumour cells, %) was calculated (range 0-300). The relationship between p62 expression score and CRT effect was analysed. RESULTS The staining intensity was +2 and +3 in 29 and 18 patients, respectively. The median proportion of positive neoplastic cells was 87.8%, and that of the p62 expression score was 200. Stronger staining intensity and a higher proportion of p62-positive neoplastic cells were significantly associated with CRT non-effectiveness (P = 0.0002 and P = 0.0116, respectively), and a higher p62 expression score was significantly associated with CRT non-effectiveness (P < 0.0001). The optimal cut-off value for predicting the CRT effect was 240. CONCLUSIONS A higher p62 expression score was significantly associated with less CRT effectiveness in patients with advanced rectal cancer. Analysis of p62 expression score using biopsy specimens is a useful and easily assessable prediction marker for CRT effect and might help select patients who can undergo a 'watch-and-wait' strategy after CRT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mitsuaki Ishida
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisanori Miki
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuki Matsumi
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiro Fukui
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Madoka Hamada
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Tsuta
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
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Karpathiou G, Dridi M, Krebs-Drouot L, Vassal F, Jouanneau E, Jacquesson T, Barrey C, Prades JM, Dumollard JM, Meyronet D, Boutonnat J, Péoc’h M. Autophagic Markers in Chordomas: Immunohistochemical Analysis and Comparison with the Immune Microenvironment of Chordoma Tissues. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092169. [PMID: 33946484 PMCID: PMC8124629 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In contrast to normal notochords, autophagic factors are often present in chordomas. Furthermore, PD-L1+ immune cells also express LC3B, suggesting the need for further investigations between autophagy and the immune microenvironment. Abstract Chordomas are notably resistant to chemotherapy. One of the cytoprotective mechanisms implicated in chemoresistance is autophagy. There are indirect data that autophagy could be implicated in chordomas, but its presence has not been studied in chordoma tissues. Sixty-one (61) chordomas were immunohistochemically studied for autophagic markers and their expression was compared with the expression in notochords, clinicopathological data, as well as the tumor immune microenvironment. All chordomas strongly and diffusely expressed cytoplasmic p62 (sequestosome 1, SQSTM1/p62), whereas 16 (26.2%) tumors also showed nuclear p62 expression. LC3B (Microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3B) tumor cell expression was found in 44 (72.1%) tumors. Autophagy-related 16‑like 1 (ATG16L1) was also expressed by most tumors. All tumors expressed mannose-6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (M6PR/IGF2R). LC3B tumor cell expression was negatively associated with tumor size, while no other parameters, such as age, sex, localization, or survival, were associated with the immunohistochemical factors studied. LC3B immune cell expression showed a significant positive association with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)+ immune cells and with a higher vascular density. ATG16L1 expression was also positively associated with higher vascular density. Notochords (n = 5) showed different immunostaining with a very weak LC3B and M6PR expression, and no p62 expression. In contrast to normal notochords, autophagic factors such as LC3B and ATG16L1 are often present in chordomas, associated with a strong and diffuse expression of p62, suggesting a blocked autophagic flow. Furthermore, PD-L1+ immune cells also express LC3B, suggesting the need for further investigations between autophagy and the immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Karpathiou
- Pathology Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, 42055 Saint-Etienne, France; (M.D.); (J.M.D.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Maroa Dridi
- Pathology Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, 42055 Saint-Etienne, France; (M.D.); (J.M.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Lila Krebs-Drouot
- Pathology Department, University Hospital of Grenoble, 38700 Grenoble, France; (L.K.-D.); (J.B.)
| | - François Vassal
- Neurosurgery Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, 42055 Saint-Etienne, France;
| | - Emmanuel Jouanneau
- Department of Neurosurgery B, Neurological Hospital Pierre Wertheimer, 69500 Lyon, France; (E.J.); (T.J.)
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, «Signaling, Metabolism and Tumor Progression» The Cancer Research Center of Lyon, 69373 Lyon, France
- Claude Bernard University, Lyon 1, 69100 Lyon, France; (C.B.); (D.M.)
| | - Timothée Jacquesson
- Department of Neurosurgery B, Neurological Hospital Pierre Wertheimer, 69500 Lyon, France; (E.J.); (T.J.)
- Department of Anatomy, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Est, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Lyon, France
| | - Cédric Barrey
- Claude Bernard University, Lyon 1, 69100 Lyon, France; (C.B.); (D.M.)
- Department of Spine and Spinal Cord Surgery, Neurological Hospital Pierre Wertheimer, 69500 Lyon, France
| | - Jean Michel Prades
- Head and Neck Surgery Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, 42055 Saint-Etienne, France;
| | - Jean Marc Dumollard
- Pathology Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, 42055 Saint-Etienne, France; (M.D.); (J.M.D.); (M.P.)
| | - David Meyronet
- Claude Bernard University, Lyon 1, 69100 Lyon, France; (C.B.); (D.M.)
- East Pathology Institute, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69677 Lyon, France
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Cancer Cell Plasticity Department, 69373 Lyon, France
| | - Jean Boutonnat
- Pathology Department, University Hospital of Grenoble, 38700 Grenoble, France; (L.K.-D.); (J.B.)
| | - Michel Péoc’h
- Pathology Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, 42055 Saint-Etienne, France; (M.D.); (J.M.D.); (M.P.)
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Fang J, Yang Z, Xie J, Li Z, Hu C, Yang M, Zhou X. Identification and validation of autophagy-related prognostic signature for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101094. [PMID: 33878525 PMCID: PMC8080081 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Identify novel autophagy-related signature for OS and DSS in HNSCC patients. The role of autophagy in tumor immune microenvironment. Provide promising targets that can enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.
Background Many studies have demonstrated that autophagy plays a significant role in regulating tumor growth and progression. However, the effect of autophagy-related genes (ARGs) on the prognosis have rarely been analyzed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Methods We obtained differentially expressed ARGs from HNSCC mRNA data in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. And then we performed gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses to explore the autophagy-related biological functions. The overall survival (OS)-related and disease specific survival (DSS)-related ARGs were identified by univariate Cox regression analyses. With these genes, we established OS-related and DSS-related risk signature by LASSO regression method, respectively. We validated the reliability of the risk signature with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, Kaplan-Meier survival curves, clinical correlation analysis, and nomogram. Then we analyzed relationships between risk signature and immune cell infiltration. Results We established the prognostic signatures based on 14 ARGs for OS and 12 ARGs for DSS. The ROC curves, survival analysis, and nomogram validated the predictive accuracy of the models. Clinic correlation analysis showed that the risk group was closely related to Stage, pathological T stage, pathological N stage and human papilloma virus (HPV) subtype. Cox regression demonstrated that the risk score was an independent predictor for the prognosis of HNSCC patients. Furthermore, patients in low-risk score group exhibited higher immunescore and distinct immune cell infiltration than high-risk score group. And we further analysis revealed that the copy number alterations (CNAs) of ARGs-based signature affected the abundance of tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Conclusion In this study, we identified novel autophagy-related signature for the prediction of OS and DSS in patients with HNSCC. Meanwhile, our study provides a novel sight to understand the role of autophagy and elucidate the important role of autophagy in tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Fang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery and Musculoskeletal Tumor, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Ziang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chang Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Minlan Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China.
| | - Xuhong Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China.
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Malignant pleural mesothelioma co-opts BCL-X L and autophagy to escape apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:406. [PMID: 33859162 PMCID: PMC8050302 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03668-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Escape from programmed cell death is a hallmark of cancer. In this study, we investigated the anti-apoptotic mechanisms and explored the therapeutic potential of BCL-2 homology domain-3 (BH3) mimetics in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), a lethal thoracic malignancy with an extreme dearth of treatment options. By implementing integrated analysis of functional genomic data of MPM cells and quantitative proteomics of patients’ tumors, we identified BCL-XL as an anti-apoptotic driver that is overexpressed and confers an oncogenic dependency in MPM. MPM cells harboring genetic alterations that inactivate the NF2/LATS1/2 signaling are associated with increased sensitivity to A-1155463, a BCL-XL-selective BH3 mimetic. Importantly, BCL-XL inhibition elicits protective autophagy, and concomitant blockade of BCL-XL and autophagic machinery with A-1155463 and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved autophagy inhibitor, synergistically enhances anti-MPM effects in vitro and in vivo. Together, our work delineates the molecular basis underlying resistance to apoptosis and uncovers an evasive mechanism that limits response to BH3 mimetics in MPM, suggesting a novel strategy to target this aggressive disease.
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Weng SW, Liu TT, Eng HL, You HL, Huang WT. Autophagy Plays a Role in the CUL4A-Related Poor Prognosis of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:602714. [PMID: 34257560 PMCID: PMC8262180 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.602714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CUL4A regulate the termination of autophagy in a physical process. However, the relationship between CUL4A and autophagy in cancer is unclear. We retrospectively investigated 99 intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) cases. Whole sections were used for immunohistochemical analysis for p62, and LC3B expression. Q-score was defined as the sum of the labeling intensity and proportion. The cut-off point for immunoreactivity was set. CUL4A was overexpressed in cell lines and autophagy reflux was compared after manipulation. The iCCA cases with CUL4A overexpression had significantly higher prevalence of intact activated autophagy (42.4 vs. 15.2%; p = 0.003), which was significantly associated with advance tumor stage (34.1% vs. 15.4%; p = 0.032), less extensive necrosis (8.3 vs. 49.3%; p < 0.001), and shortened disease-free survival (mean, 19.6 vs. 65.5 months, p = 0.015). In vitro, iCCA cells with CUL4A overexpression significantly increased LC3II level as compared to the cells under basal condition. Although both cell types showed intact autophagy with increased LC3II expression after bafilomycin A1 treatment, the accumulation of LC3II was higher in CUL4A-overexpressing cells. CUL4A overexpression increased the proliferation of cells as compared with control cells. After treatment with bafilomycin A1, proliferation was inhibited in both cell types, but the effects were more prominent in the cells overexpressing CUL4A. CUL4A promotes autophagy, and exhibits significantly higher autophagic flux which affects the proliferation of iCCA cells; these effects correlated with advance tumor stage and poor prognosis. Thus, targeting autophagy may be potentially therapeutic in iCCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Wen Weng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Ting Liu
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hock-Liew Eng
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Ling You
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Biotechnology, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Huang
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Biotechnology, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Regulation of FN1 degradation by the p62/SQSTM1-dependent autophagy-lysosome pathway in HNSCC. Int J Oral Sci 2020; 12:34. [PMID: 33318468 PMCID: PMC7736930 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-020-00101-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is involved in both physiological and pathological processes. EMT plays an essential role in the invasion, migration and metastasis of tumours. Autophagy has been shown to regulate EMT in a variety of cancers but not in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Herein, we investigated whether autophagy also regulates EMT in HNSCC. Analyses of clinical data from three public databases revealed that higher expression of fibronectin-1 (FN1) correlated with poorer prognosis and higher tumour pathological grade in HNSCC. Data from SCC-25 cells demonstrated that rapamycin and Earle’s balanced salt solution (EBSS) promoted autophagy, leading to increased FN1 degradation, while 3-methyladenine (3-MA), bafilomycin A1 (Baf A1) and chloroquine (CQ) inhibited autophagy, leading to decreased FN1 degradation. On the other hand, autophagic flux was blocked in BECN1 mutant HNSCC Cal-27 cells, and rapamycin did not promote autophagy in Cal-27 cells; also in addition, FN1 degradation was inhibited. Further, we identified FN1 degradation through the lysosome-dependent degradation pathway using the proteasome inhibitor MG132. Data from immunoprecipitation assays also showed that p62/SQSTM1 participated as an autophagy adapter in the autophagy–lysosome pathway of FN1 degradation. Finally, data from immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that the interaction between p62 and FN1 was abolished in p62 mutant MCF-7 and A2780 cell lines. These results indicate that autophagy significantly promotes the degradation of FN1. Collectively, our findings clearly suggest that FN1, as a marker of EMT, has adverse effects on HNSCC and elucidate the autophagy–lysosome degradation mechanism of FN1.
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Peña-Oyarzún D, Reyes M, Hernández-Cáceres MP, Kretschmar C, Morselli E, Ramirez-Sarmiento CA, Lavandero S, Torres VA, Criollo A. Role of Autophagy in the Microenvironment of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:602661. [PMID: 33363032 PMCID: PMC7756113 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.602661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma, the most common type of oral cancer, affects more than 275,000 people per year worldwide. Oral squamous cell carcinoma is very aggressive, as most patients die after 3 to 5 years post-diagnosis. The initiation and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma are multifactorial: smoking, alcohol consumption, and human papilloma virus infection are among the causes that promote its development. Although oral squamous cell carcinoma involves abnormal growth and migration of oral epithelial cells, other cell types such as fibroblasts and immune cells form the carcinoma niche. An underlying inflammatory state within the oral tissue promotes differential stress-related responses that favor oral squamous cell carcinoma. Autophagy is an intracellular degradation process that allows cancer cells to survive under stress conditions. Autophagy degrades cellular components by sequestering them in vesicles called autophagosomes, which ultimately fuse with lysosomes. Although several autophagy markers have been associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma, it remains unclear whether up- or down-regulation of autophagy favors its progression. Autophagy levels during oral squamous cell carcinoma are both timing- and cell-specific. Here we discuss how autophagy is required to establish a new cellular microenvironment in oral squamous cell carcinoma and how autophagy drives the phenotypic change of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells by promoting crosstalk between carcinoma cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Peña-Oyarzún
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas & Farmacéuticas and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Odontología, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Autophagy Research Center, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Montserrat Reyes
- Departamento de Patología y Medicina Oral, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Paz Hernández-Cáceres
- Autophagy Research Center, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catalina Kretschmar
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas & Farmacéuticas and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Odontología, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Autophagy Research Center, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eugenia Morselli
- Autophagy Research Center, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cesar A Ramirez-Sarmiento
- Facultades de Ingenieria, Medicina y Ciencias Biológicas, Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas & Farmacéuticas and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Vicente A Torres
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas & Farmacéuticas and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Odontología, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alfredo Criollo
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas & Farmacéuticas and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Odontología, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Autophagy Research Center, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Autophagy-A Hidden but Important Actor on Oral Cancer Scene. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239325. [PMID: 33297472 PMCID: PMC7729760 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The duration of denture use, oral hygiene, smoking and male sex were identified as risk factors for oral mucosal lesions. As it is well known, all the oral mucosal lesions associated with risk factors have an important degree of malignity. Chronic mechanical irritation can be another cause of oral cancer and it is produced by the constant action of a deleterious agent from the oral cavity. Autophagy represents a complex evolutionary conserved catabolic process in which cells self-digest intracellular organelles in order to regulate their normal turnover and remove the damaged ones with compromised function to further maintain homeostasis. Autophagy is modulated by mTOR kinase and indirectly by PI3K/AKT survival pathway. Due to its dual capacity to either induce cell death or promote cell survival, important evidence pointed that autophagy has a two-faced role in response to chemotherapy in cancer. In conclusion, understanding how to overcome cytoprotective autophagy and how to take advantage of autophagic cell death is critical in order to enhance the cancer cells sensitivity to particular therapeutic agents.
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40
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Wei YX, Dong SM, Wang YY, Zhang P, Sun MY, Wei YX, Meng XC, Wang Y. Autophagy participates in the protection role of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in acute myocardial infarction via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Cell Biol Int 2020; 45:394-403. [PMID: 33146448 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with acute myocardial infarction (AMI); thus we aimed to explore improvement effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD3) on the AMI and its potential mechanism. AMI models were constructed using male C57/BL6J mice and randomly treated with normal saline or VD3, using sham rats as control. Heart functions, myocardial damage, apoptosis, and inflammation were evaluated. Cardiomyocytes isolated from 3-day-old suckling mice were used for in vitro verification. After VD3 treatment, AMI-induced cardiac dysfunction was reversed with better cardiac function parameters. VD3 treatment reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and myocardial infarction area accompanied by the reduction of inflammatory factors and myocardial infarction markers compared with the AMI group. VD3 treatment obviously alleviated AMI-induced myocardial apoptosis, along with Bcl-2 upregulation and downregulation of caspase-3, caspase-9, and Bax. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments revealed that VD3 enhanced the expression of LC3II and Beclin-1 and decreased soluble p62. Furthermore, VD3 enhanced the AMI-caused inhibition of PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR expression, which was conversely reversed by the addition of 3-methyladenine in vitro. The study highlights the improvement effects of VD3 on cardiac functions. We proposed a potential mechanism that VD3 protects against myocardial damage, inflammation, and apoptosis by promoting autophagy through PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Xia Wei
- Department of Emergency, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.,Department of Cardiovascular, Shijiazhuang HuaYao Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Shi-Min Dong
- Department of Emergency, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wang
- Department of Respiratory, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Pu Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ming-Yu Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular, Shijiazhuang HuaYao Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yun-Xiao Wei
- Department of Neurology, Shijiazhuang HuaYao Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xian-Ce Meng
- Department of Neurology, Shijiazhuang HuaYao Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Respiratory, Shijiazhuang HuaYao Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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Huo X, Qi J, Huang K, Bu S, Yao W, Chen Y, Nie J. Identification of an autophagy-related gene signature that can improve prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:771. [PMID: 32807131 PMCID: PMC7433127 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07277-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autophagy is a programmed cell degradation mechanism that has been associated with several physiological and pathophysiological processes, including malignancy. Improper induction of autophagy has been proposed to play a pivotal role in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Univariate Cox regression analysis of overall survival (OS) was performed to identify risk-associated autophagy-related genes (ARGs) in HCC data set from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Multivariate cox regression was then performed to develop a risk prediction model for the prognosis of 370 HCC patients. The multi-target receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the model’s accuracy. Besides, the relationship between drug sensitivity and ARGs expression was also examined. Results A total of 62 differentially expressed ARGs were identified in HCC patients. Univariate and multivariate regression identified five risk-associated ARGs (HDAC1, RHEB, ATIC, SPNS1 and SQSTM1) that were correlated with OS in HCC patients. Of importance, the risk-associated ARGs were independent risk factors in the multivariate risk model including clinical parameters such as malignant stage (HR = 1.433, 95% CI = 1.293–1.589, P < 0.001). In addition, the area under curve for the prognostic risk model was 0.747, which indicates the high accuracy of the model in prediction of HCC outcomes. Interestingly, the risk-associated ARGs were also correlated with drug sensitivity in HCC cell lines. Conclusion We developed a novel prognostic risk model by integrating the molecular signature and clinical parameters of HCC, which can effectively predict the outcomes of HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Huo
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Experimental Center of Clinical Research, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jian Qi
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Kaiquan Huang
- Experimental Center of Clinical Research, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Su Bu
- Experimental Center of Clinical Research, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Yao
- Experimental Center of Clinical Research, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Experimental Center of Clinical Research, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jinfu Nie
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China. .,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China. .,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.
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Masaki S, Watanabe T, Minaga K, Kamata K, Komeda Y, Kimura M, Kudo M. Possible involvement of autophagy in esophageal ulcers in anorexia nervosa. Clin J Gastroenterol 2020; 13:473-476. [PMID: 31900839 DOI: 10.1007/s12328-019-01089-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) present with various gastrointestinal disorders, little has been understood regarding the incidence and pathophysiology of gastrointestinal ulcers related to AN. A 20-year-old woman with a past history of AN was hospitalized for further examination of dysphagia and chest pain. Her nutritional status was very poor as evidenced by very low body mass index. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy detected longitudinal and geographical ulcers in the entire circumference of the cervical and upper esophagus. Enhanced expression of autophagy-related proteins, LC3B and p62, was seen in the esophageal epithelium surrounding the active ulcers. Expression of these autophagy markers disappeared from the esophageal epithelium soon after the nutritional rehabilitation. Given the fact that starvation and malnutrition are potent inducers for autophagy, these findings suggest that autophagy might be involved in the development of gastrointestinal ulcers in patients with AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Masaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan.
| | - Kosuke Minaga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Ken Kamata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Yoriaki Komeda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Masatomo Kimura
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kindai University Hospital, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
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Emanuele S, Lauricella M, D’Anneo A, Carlisi D, De Blasio A, Di Liberto D, Giuliano M. p62: Friend or Foe? Evidences for OncoJanus and NeuroJanus Roles. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145029. [PMID: 32708719 PMCID: PMC7404084 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
p62 is a versatile protein involved in the delicate balance between cell death and survival, which is fundamental for cell fate decision in the context of both cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. As an autophagy adaptor, p62 recognizes polyubiquitin chains and interacts with LC3, thereby targeting the selected cargo to the autophagosome with consequent autophagic degradation. Beside this function, p62 behaves as an interactive hub in multiple signalling including those mediated by Nrf2, NF-κB, caspase-8, and mTORC1. The protein is thus crucial for the control of oxidative stress, inflammation and cell survival, apoptosis, and metabolic reprogramming, respectively. As a multifunctional protein, p62 falls into the category of those factors that can exert opposite roles in the cells. Chronic p62 accumulation was found in many types of tumors as well as in stress granules present in different forms of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the protein seems to have a Janus behaviour since it may also serve protective functions against tumorigenesis or neurodegeneration. This review describes the diversified roles of p62 through its multiple domains and interactors and specifically focuses on its oncoJanus and neuroJanus roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Emanuele
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.L.); (D.C.); (D.D.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Marianna Lauricella
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.L.); (D.C.); (D.D.L.)
| | - Antonella D’Anneo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.D.); (A.D.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Daniela Carlisi
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.L.); (D.C.); (D.D.L.)
| | - Anna De Blasio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.D.); (A.D.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Diana Di Liberto
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.L.); (D.C.); (D.D.L.)
| | - Michela Giuliano
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.D.); (A.D.B.); (M.G.)
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Choi YK, Kang JI, Han S, Kim YR, Jo J, Kang YW, Choo DR, Hyun JW, Koh YS, Yoo ES, Kang HK. L-Ascorbic Acid Inhibits Breast Cancer Growth by Inducing IRE/JNK/CHOP-Related Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated p62/SQSTM1 Accumulation in the Nucleus. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051351. [PMID: 32397306 PMCID: PMC7284633 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticancer effects of L-ascorbic acid (Vitamin C, L-AA) have been reported in various types of cancers. L-AA intake reduces breast cancer recurrence and mortality; however, the role of L-AA in the treatment of breast cancer remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effect and mechanism action of L-AA on breast cancer growth. L-AA inhibited the growth of breast cancer cells by inducing apoptotic cell death at the evaluated treatment concentrations without affecting normal cells. Moreover, L-AA induces autophagosome formation via regulation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Beclin1, and autophagy-related genes (ATGs) and increased autophagic flux. Notably, we observed that L-AA increased p62/SQSTM1 (sequestosome 1) protein levels. Accumulation of p62 protein in cancer cells in response to stress has been reported, but its role in cancer regulation remains controversial. Here, we demonstrated that L-AA-induced p62 accumulation is related to L-AA-induced breast cancer growth inhibition. Furthermore, L-AA induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress via the IRE–JNK–CHOP (inositol-requiring endonuclease–c-Jun N-terminal kinase–C/EBP homologous protein) signaling pathways, which increased the nuclear levels of p62/SQSTM1. These findings provide evidence that L-AA-induced ER stress could be crucial for p62 accumulation-dependent cell death, and L-AA can be useful in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn Kyung Choi
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.K.C.); (J.-I.K.); (S.H.); (Y.R.K.); (J.J.); (Y.W.K.); (D.R.C.); (J.W.H.); (Y.S.K.); (E.-S.Y.)
| | - Jung-Il Kang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.K.C.); (J.-I.K.); (S.H.); (Y.R.K.); (J.J.); (Y.W.K.); (D.R.C.); (J.W.H.); (Y.S.K.); (E.-S.Y.)
| | - Sanghoon Han
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.K.C.); (J.-I.K.); (S.H.); (Y.R.K.); (J.J.); (Y.W.K.); (D.R.C.); (J.W.H.); (Y.S.K.); (E.-S.Y.)
| | - Young Ree Kim
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.K.C.); (J.-I.K.); (S.H.); (Y.R.K.); (J.J.); (Y.W.K.); (D.R.C.); (J.W.H.); (Y.S.K.); (E.-S.Y.)
| | - Jaemin Jo
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.K.C.); (J.-I.K.); (S.H.); (Y.R.K.); (J.J.); (Y.W.K.); (D.R.C.); (J.W.H.); (Y.S.K.); (E.-S.Y.)
| | - Yong Woo Kang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.K.C.); (J.-I.K.); (S.H.); (Y.R.K.); (J.J.); (Y.W.K.); (D.R.C.); (J.W.H.); (Y.S.K.); (E.-S.Y.)
| | - Do Ryeon Choo
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.K.C.); (J.-I.K.); (S.H.); (Y.R.K.); (J.J.); (Y.W.K.); (D.R.C.); (J.W.H.); (Y.S.K.); (E.-S.Y.)
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.K.C.); (J.-I.K.); (S.H.); (Y.R.K.); (J.J.); (Y.W.K.); (D.R.C.); (J.W.H.); (Y.S.K.); (E.-S.Y.)
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University; 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Young Sang Koh
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.K.C.); (J.-I.K.); (S.H.); (Y.R.K.); (J.J.); (Y.W.K.); (D.R.C.); (J.W.H.); (Y.S.K.); (E.-S.Y.)
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University; 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Eun-Sook Yoo
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.K.C.); (J.-I.K.); (S.H.); (Y.R.K.); (J.J.); (Y.W.K.); (D.R.C.); (J.W.H.); (Y.S.K.); (E.-S.Y.)
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University; 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Hee-Kyoung Kang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.K.C.); (J.-I.K.); (S.H.); (Y.R.K.); (J.J.); (Y.W.K.); (D.R.C.); (J.W.H.); (Y.S.K.); (E.-S.Y.)
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University; 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+82-10-6214-5464
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Biray Avci C, Sezgin B, Goker Bagca B, Karci HB, Gode S. PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and autophagy regulator genes in paranasal squamous cell carcinoma metastasis. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:3641-3651. [PMID: 32319010 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05458-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although there are many studies on the role of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and autophagy genes in the mechanism of head and neck cancer formation and prognostic significance, there is no study investigating the role of the genes in paranasal sinus carcinomas. The aim of the study was to assess the role of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and autophagy related gene expression changes in squamous cell carcinoma of paranasal sinuses with and without neck metastasis. Eight paranasal squamous cell carcinoma patients (five without and three with neck metastasis) were included. Tissues were obtained during the surgery. Total RNA was isolated from the tissues and cDNA synthesis was performed. Expression levels of the genes were determined using qRT-PCR method. The results were evaluated using the 2-∆∆Ct method, and fold changes of the gene expression levels in primary tumor and neck metastasis tissues were calculated according to the normal tissue. Expression levels of both PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and positive regulators of autophagy were significantly increased in metastasis-related two groups, especially in neck metastasis tissues. The increase in PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and autophagy related gene expression levels may support the metastatic character in paranasal squamous cell carcinomas. This is the first study to assess autophagy related genes in paranasal sinus cancer at transcriptome-level. Support of the transcriptome-level findings by the further protein analyses will contribute to the illumination of the rare paranasal sinus cancer molecular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cigir Biray Avci
- Medical Biology Department, Ege University School of Medicine, Bornova, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Baha Sezgin
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Ege University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Bakiye Goker Bagca
- Medical Biology Department, Ege University School of Medicine, Bornova, 35100, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Halil Bulent Karci
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Ege University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sercan Gode
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Ege University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
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Liang C, Xu J, Meng Q, Zhang B, Liu J, Hua J, Zhang Y, Shi S, Yu X. TGFB1-induced autophagy affects the pattern of pancreatic cancer progression in distinct ways depending on SMAD4 status. Autophagy 2020; 16:486-500. [PMID: 31177911 PMCID: PMC6999639 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1628540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive and lethal malignancies. Given that macroautophagy/autophagy activation is prevalent in PDAC, the dual roles of autophagy could be involved in PDAC heterogeneity. In this work, we demonstrated that TGFB1 induced autophagic flux through SMAD4-dependent or SMAD4-independent pathways based on a distinct genetic context. In SMAD4-positive PDAC cells, TGFB1-induced autophagy promoted proliferation and inhibited migration by decreasing the nuclear translocation of SMAD4. Conversely, TGFB1-induced autophagy inhibited proliferation and promoted migration in SMAD4-negative cells through the regulation of MAPK/ERK activation. TGFB1 expression also positively correlated with LC3B expression in PDAC specimens. A high level of LC3B was associated with unfavorable overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in SMAD4-negative PDAC patients, although LC3B could not predict OS and DFS for the 110 PDAC patients. Thus, TGFB1-induced autophagy contributed to the different patterns of PDAC progression. This knowledge can aid in improving our understanding of the molecular classification of PDAC and might guide the development of therapeutic strategies for PDAC, especially for SMAD4-negative PDAC.Abbreviations: CDH1: cadherin 1; CDH2: cadherin 2; CI: combination index; CQ: chloroquine; DFS: disease-free survival; EMT: epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition; ERK: extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase; GFP: green fluorescent protein; IHC: immunohistochemistry; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; OS: overall survival; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PDAC: pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; RAP: rapamycin; RFP: red fluorescent protein; RT: room temperature; shRNA: short-hairpin RNA; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; TCGA: The Cancer Genome Atlas; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; TGFB1: transforming growth factor beta 1; TMA: tissue microarray.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingcai Meng
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Hua
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyin Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Si Shi
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
p62 is a multifunctional protein involved in multiple cellular processes including proliferation, drug sensitivity and autophagy-associated cancer cell growth. However, the role of p62 in colon cancer remains controversial. Here we investigated the expression of p62 protein in colon cancer and its clinical significance.Patients with colon adenocarcinoma who underwent resection at the Third Affiliated Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (Affiliated Cancer Hospital) were retrospectively analyzed. The expression of p62 protein in tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry and western-blotting. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression level of p62 messenger ribonucleic acid in specimens. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed using Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test.A total of 85 colon cancer patients were enrolled, including 55 (64.71%) patients with high p62 expression, and 30 (35.29%) patients with low p62 expression. The transcription and expression level of p62 in colon cancer tissues were higher than those in adjacent normal tissues (P < .01). High expression of p62 was an independent risk factor for the poor prognosis (PFS and OS) of colon cancer.p62 may be a potential indicator of determining the progression and prognosis evaluation of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Lei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery the Third Affiliated Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (Affiliated Cancer Hospital)
| | - Bing Zhao
- Department of Day Oncology Unit the Third Affiliated Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (Affiliated Cancer Hospital)
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery the Third Affiliated Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (Affiliated Cancer Hospital)
| | - Xiangyue Zeng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery the Third Affiliated Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (Affiliated Cancer Hospital)
| | - Zhen Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery the Third Affiliated Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (Affiliated Cancer Hospital)
| | - Xiyan Wang
- The Third Affiliated Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (Affiliated Cancer Hospital), Xinjiang, China
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Wang Z, Zhang J, Li M, Kong L, Yu J. The expression of p-p62 and nuclear Nrf2 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and association with radioresistance. Thorac Cancer 2019; 11:130-139. [PMID: 31755241 PMCID: PMC6938765 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The roles of p62‐Keap1‐Nrf2 pathway in the radioresistance of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) have not yet been revealed. This study aimed to clarify the expression and correlation of p‐p62 and nuclear Nrf2 and their association with radioresistance in ESCC. Methods This study included 164 cases of inoperable locally advanced ESCC. All patients received concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of p‐p62 and nuclear Nrf2. The results were analyzed independently by two pathologists. Results There was no significant relationship between p‐p62 or nuclear Nrf2 and patients' clinical characteristics. Compared to patients with low expression of p‐p62, patients with high expression of p‐p62 showed lower objective response rate (ORR). Similarly, patients with high expression of nuclear Nrf2 exhibited lower ORR compared to those with low expression of nuclear Nrf2. The expression of p‐p62 was positively correlated with that of nuclear Nrf2. Moreover, the correlation coefficient between them was higher among patients showing no response to CCRT. Univariate analysis revealed that higher expression of p‐p62 or nuclear Nrf2 was significantly associated with poorer PFS and OS. Multivariate analysis indicated that the expression of nuclear Nrf2 and treatment response were independent prognostic factors for PFS. Sex, treatment response, expression of p‐p62 and nuclear Nrf2 were independent prognostic factors for OS. Conclusion Higher expression of p‐p62 and nuclear Nrf2 are associated with lower ORR as well as poorer prognosis, which indicates that p62‐Keap1‐Nrf2 pathway might play an essential role in the radioresistance of ESCC. Key points The expression of p‐p62 and nuclear Nrf2 in ESCC show a significant relationship with patients' responses to CCRT and influence the prognosis of ESCC. p62‐Keap1‐Nrf2 pathway might be a new target for radiosensitization in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jingze Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Minghuan Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Li Kong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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Deng D, Luo K, Liu H, Nie X, Xue L, Wang R, Xu Y, Cui J, Shao N, Zhi F. p62 acts as an oncogene and is targeted by miR-124-3p in glioma. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:280. [PMID: 31708690 PMCID: PMC6836386 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-1004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioma is the most common central nervous system (CNS) tumour. p62, an important autophagy adaptor, plays a crucial role in cancer. However, the role of p62 in the progression of glioma is poorly characterized. Methods We examined the expression of p62 in glioma tissues and cell lines. Then we investigated the function of p62 in vitro, and clarified the mechanism underlying the regulation of p62 expression. Results We revealed that p62 was upregulated at both the mRNA and protein levels in human glioma tissues irrelevant to isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) status. Then, we found that overexpression of p62 promoted glioma progression by promoting proliferation, migration, glycolysis, temozolomide (TMZ) resistance and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signalling pathway, and repressing autophagic flux and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vitro. In accordance with p62 overexpression, knockdown of p62 exerted anti-tumour effects in glioma cells. Subsequently, we demonstrated that miR-124-3p directly targeted the 3′-UTR of p62 mRNA, leading to the downregulation of p62. Finally, we found that p62 function could be partially reversed by miR-124-3p overexpression. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that p62 can be targeted by miR-124-3p and acts as an oncogene in glioma, suggesting the potential value of p62 as a novel therapeutic target for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Deng
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, #185 Juqian Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu China.,2Modern Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, #185 Juqian Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Kaiming Luo
- 2Modern Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, #185 Juqian Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu China.,3Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- 4School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, #37 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, China
| | - Xichen Nie
- 5MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, #135 Xingangxi Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lian Xue
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, #185 Juqian Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu China.,2Modern Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, #185 Juqian Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Rong Wang
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, #185 Juqian Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu China.,2Modern Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, #185 Juqian Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Yuan Xu
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, #185 Juqian Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu China.,2Modern Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, #185 Juqian Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Jun Cui
- 5MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, #135 Xingangxi Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Naiyuan Shao
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, #185 Juqian Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Feng Zhi
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, #185 Juqian Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu China.,2Modern Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, #185 Juqian Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu China
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50
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Chen L, Fu H, Lu T, Cai J, Liu W, Yao J, Liang J, Zhao H, Zhang J, Zheng J, Zhang Y, Yang Y. An Integrated Nomogram Combining Clinical Factors and Microtubule-Associated Protein 1 Light Chain 3B Expression to Predict Postoperative Prognosis in Patients with Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma. Cancer Res Treat 2019; 52:469-480. [PMID: 31588704 PMCID: PMC7176971 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2019.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B (LC3B) serves as a key
component of autophagy, which is associated with the progression of
carcinoma. Yet, it is still unclear whether LC3B is also an independent risk
factor for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). We aim to explore the
predictive value of LC3B on prognosis of ICC, and to establish a novel and
available nomogram to predict relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall
survival (OS) for these patients after curative-intent hepatectomy. Materials and Methods From August 2004 to March 2017, 105 ICC patients were eligibly enrolled in
the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University. Preoperative
clinical information of enrolled patients was collected. Expression LC3B in
the ICC specimen was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results The 5-year RFS and OS in this cohort were 15.7% and 29.6%, respectively. On
multivariate Cox regression analysis, independent risk factors for 5-year OS
were cancer antigen 125, microvascular invasion, LC3B expression and lymph
node metastasis. Except for the above 4 factors, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio
and tumor differentiation were independent factors for 5-year RFS. The area
under the curve of nomograms for OS and RFS were 0.820 and 0.747,
respectively. Conclusion The nomograms based on LC3B can be considered as effective models to predict
postoperative survival for ICC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyuan Fu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Tongyu Lu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianye Cai
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Yao
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinliang Liang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiebin Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingcai Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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