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Talapatra J, Reddy MM. Lipid Metabolic Reprogramming in Embryonal Neoplasms with MYCN Amplification. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072144. [PMID: 37046804 PMCID: PMC10093342 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells reprogram their metabolism, including glucose, glutamine, nucleotide, lipid, and amino acids to meet their enhanced energy demands, redox balance, and requirement of biosynthetic substrates for uncontrolled cell proliferation. Altered lipid metabolism in cancer provides lipids for rapid membrane biogenesis, generates the energy required for unrestricted cell proliferation, and some of the lipids act as signaling pathway mediators. In this review, we focus on the role of lipid metabolism in embryonal neoplasms with MYCN dysregulation. We specifically review lipid metabolic reactions in neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma, medulloblastoma, Wilms tumor, and rhabdomyosarcoma and the possibility of targeting lipid metabolism. Additionally, the regulation of lipid metabolism by the MYCN oncogene is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotirmayee Talapatra
- The Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
| | - Mamatha M Reddy
- The Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
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2
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Soloperto D, Gazzini S, Cerullo R. Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis in Pediatric Airways Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032195. [PMID: 36768522 PMCID: PMC9916405 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary tumors of the airways in the pediatric population are very rare entities. For this reason, little is known about the pathogenesis of these neoplasms. Understanding the biology has different practical implications: for example, it could help in the differential diagnosis, have a prognostic significance, or may lead to the development of a targeted therapy. The aim of this article is to present the current knowledge about pediatric airways tumors, focusing on the molecular mechanisms that cause the onset and progression of these neoplasms. After a brief introduction of epidemiology and clinical presentation, the tumorigenesis of the most frequent pediatric airways tumors will be described: Juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JORRP), Subglottic Hemangiona (SH), Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), and Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC).
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Casanova M, Pontis F, Ghidotti P, Petraroia I, Venturini LV, Bergamaschi L, Chiaravalli S, De Cecco L, Massimino M, Sozzi G, Ferrari A, Fortunato O, Gasparini P. MiR-223 Exclusively Impairs In Vitro Tumor Growth through IGF1R Modulation in Rhabdomyosarcoma of Adolescents and Young Adults. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213989. [PMID: 36430468 PMCID: PMC9695828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescents and young adults (AYA) with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) form a subgroup of patients whose optimal clinical management and best possible access to care remain a challenge and whose survival rates lag behind that of children diagnosed with histologically similar tumors. A better understanding of tumor biology that differentiates children (PEDS-) from AYA-RMS could provide critical information and drive new initiatives to improve their final outcome. We investigated the functional role of miRNAs implicated in AYA-RMS development, as they have the potential to lead to discovery of new targets pathways for a more tailored treatment in these age groups of young RMS patients. MiR-223 and miR-486 were observed de-regulated in nine RMS tissues compared to their normal counterparts, yet only miR-223 replacement impaired proliferation and aggressiveness of AYA-RMS cell lines, while inducing apoptosis and determining cell cycle arrest. Interestingly, IGF1R resulted in the direct target of miR-223 in AYA-RMS cells, as demonstrated by IGF1R silencing. Our results highlight an exclusive functional role of miR-223 in AYA-RMS development and aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Casanova
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Pontis
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ghidotti
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Petraroia
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lara Veronica Venturini
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Bergamaschi
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Chiaravalli
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Loris De Cecco
- Molecular Mechanisms Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Maura Massimino
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Sozzi
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Ferrari
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Orazio Fortunato
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Gasparini
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-2390-2781; Fax: +39-02-2390-2928
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4
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Abramson DH, Mandelker D, Brannon AR, Berger MF, Robbins M, Dunkel IJ, Francis JH. Cell-free RB1DNA not detected in the blood of pseudoretinoblastoma patients. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2022-001084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is commonly found in the blood (plasma) of patients with cancer. When analysing cfDNA for a specific cancer-causing mutation, it is referred to as ctDNA.RB1ctDNA is commonly present in the blood of retinoblastoma patients. We examinedRB1ctDNA from blood of 40 children with retinoblastoma look alike lesions (‘pseudoretinoblastoma’) to determine if anyRB1abnormalities could be identified.ObjectivesBecause retinoblastoma diagnosis is usually made with the indirect ophthalmoscope without biopsy clinical errors continue to occur worldwide. Because cfRB1is detectible in plasma of children with retinoblastoma, we wondered if it was present in the blood of pseudoretinoblastomas with the hope of ultimately developing a blood based test to aid clinicians in the diagnosis of retinoblastoma. The goal of this project was to see if circulating plasmaRB1cfDNA could be detected in the blood of patients with pseudoretinoblastoma.Methods and analysisPlasma cfDNA for circulatingRB1cfDNA was assayed with MSKCC’s next generation sequencing, N.Y. State Approved assay called ACCESS to evaluate somaticmutations in 40 patients with pseudoretinoblastoma.ResultsNo plasma cfDNARB1was detected in the blood (plasma) of 40 patients with pseudoretinoblastoma.ConclusionPlasma cfDNARB1is commonly detectible in retinoblastoma patients but not in patients with a diverse group of pseudoretinoblastomas.
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Kovach AR, Oristian KM, Kirsch DG, Bentley RC, Cheng C, Chen X, Chen P, Chi JA, Linardic CM. Identification and targeting of a
HES1‐YAP1‐CDKN1C
functional interaction in fusion‐negative rhabdomyosarcoma. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:3587-3605. [PMID: 36037042 PMCID: PMC9580881 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), a cancer characterized by features of skeletal muscle, is the most common soft‐tissue sarcoma of childhood. With 5‐year survival rates among high‐risk groups at < 30%, new therapeutics are desperately needed. Previously, using a myoblast‐based model of fusion‐negative RMS (FN‐RMS), we found that expression of the Hippo pathway effector transcriptional coactivator YAP1 (YAP1) permitted senescence bypass and subsequent transformation to malignant cells, mimicking FN‐RMS. We also found that YAP1 engages in a positive feedback loop with Notch signaling to promote FN‐RMS tumorigenesis. However, we could not identify an immediate downstream impact of this Hippo‐Notch relationship. Here, we identify a HES1‐YAP1‐CDKN1C functional interaction, and show that knockdown of the Notch effector HES1 (Hes family BHLH transcription factor 1) impairs growth of multiple FN‐RMS cell lines, with knockdown resulting in decreased YAP1 and increased CDKN1C expression. In silico mining of published proteomic and transcriptomic profiles of human RMS patient‐derived xenografts revealed the same pattern of HES1‐YAP1‐CDKN1C expression. Treatment of FN‐RMS cells in vitro with the recently described HES1 small‐molecule inhibitor, JI130, limited FN‐RMS cell growth. Inhibition of HES1 in vivo via conditional expression of a HES1‐directed shRNA or JI130 dosing impaired FN‐RMS tumor xenograft growth. Lastly, targeted transcriptomic profiling of FN‐RMS xenografts in the context of HES1 suppression identified associations between HES1 and RAS‐MAPK signaling. In summary, these in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies support the further investigation of HES1 as a therapeutic target in FN‐RMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R Kovach
- Department of Pediatrics Duke University School of Medicine Durham NC USA
| | - Kristianne M Oristian
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology Duke University School of Medicine Durham NC USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology Duke University School of Medicine Durham NC USA
| | - David G Kirsch
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology Duke University School of Medicine Durham NC USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology Duke University School of Medicine Durham NC USA
| | - Rex C Bentley
- Department of Pathology Duke University Durham NC USA
| | - Changde Cheng
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital Memphis TN USA
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital Memphis TN USA
| | - Po‐Han Chen
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology Duke University School of Medicine Durham NC USA
| | - Jen‐Tsan Ashley Chi
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology Duke University School of Medicine Durham NC USA
| | - Corinne M Linardic
- Department of Pediatrics Duke University School of Medicine Durham NC USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology Duke University School of Medicine Durham NC USA
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6
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Xie Z, Janczyk PL, Shi X, Wang Q, Singh S, Cornelison R, Xu J, Mandell JW, Barr FG, Li H. Rhabdomyosarcomas are oncogene addicted to the activation of AVIL. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2118048119. [PMID: 37146302 PMCID: PMC9214494 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2118048119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is one of the most common pediatric soft-tissue cancer. Previously, we discovered a gene fusion, MARS-AVIL formed by chromosomal inversion in RMS. Suspecting that forming a fusion with a housekeeping gene may be one of the mechanisms to dysregulate an oncogene, we investigated AVIL expression and its role in RMS. We first showed that MARS-AVIL translates into an in-frame fusion protein, which is critical for RMS cell tumorigenesis. Besides forming a gene fusion with the housekeeping gene, MARS, the AVIL locus is often amplified, and its RNA and protein expression are overexpressed in the majority of RMSs. Tumors with AVIL dysregulation exhibit evidence of oncogene addiction: Silencing MARS-AVIL in cells harboring the fusion, or silencing AVIL in cells with AVIL overexpression, nearly eradicated the cells in culture, as well as inhibited in vivo xenograft growth in mice. Conversely, gain-of-function manipulations of AVIL led to increased cell growth and migration, enhanced foci formation in mouse fibroblasts, and most importantly transformed mesenchymal stem cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, AVIL seems to serve as a converging node functioning upstream of two oncogenic pathways, PAX3-FOXO1 and RAS, thus connecting two types of RMS associated with these pathways. Interestingly, AVIL is overexpressed in other sarcoma cells as well, and its expression correlates with clinical outcomes, with higher levels of AVIL expression being associated with worse prognosis. AVIL is a bona fide oncogene in RMS, and RMS cells are addicted to its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqiu Xie
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Pawel L. Janczyk
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Xinrui Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Sandeep Singh
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Robert Cornelison
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Jingjing Xu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - James W. Mandell
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Frederic G. Barr
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
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7
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Srivastava RK, Guroji P, Jin L, Mukhtar MS, Athar M. Combined inhibition of BET bromodomain and mTORC1/2 provides therapeutic advantage for rhabdomyosarcoma by switching cell death mechanism. Mol Carcinog 2022; 61:737-751. [PMID: 35472745 PMCID: PMC9262843 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of multiple complex signaling pathways underlies the pathogenesis of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), which remains a cause of mortality in approximately 30% of children with RMS. Bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) domain chromatin remodeling regulates several of these pathways. Here, we targeted bromodomain 4 (BRD4) in combination with another molecular metabolic tumor driver, the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, to provide a highly effective treatment for this neoplasm. We demonstrated that a nexus of these two molecular pathways underlies RMS pathogenesis. Our data show that the combined inhibition of the BET bromodomain and mTORC1/2 signaling abrogates aggressive RMS growth. Thus, the bromodomain inhibitor RVX-208 significantly augmented the therapeutic effects of the dual mTORC1/2 inhibitors, OSI-027 and PP242, both in vitro and in a human xenograft murine model. Drug-treated residual tumors showed a decrease in the activation of underlying signaling mechanisms characterized by a reduction in the expression of p-AKT, p-mTOR, p-p70S6K, cyclin D1, and proliferation. Our ChIP-seq data demonstrated that RVX-208 effectively blocked BRD4 occupancy on its target promoters. ChIP-qPCR assays further confirmed that RVX-208 treatment resulted in a significant decrease in H3K27ac and H4K8ac signals at their target loci. While single RVX-208 treatment induces apoptosis and a single mTORC1/2 inhibitor induces macropinocytosis, their combined treatment led to necroptosis-mediated cell death. These data suggest that combined treatment with drugs targeting BRD4 and mTORC1/2 may be an effective therapeutic intervention for drug-resistant RMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh K Srivastava
- UAB Research Center of Excellence in Arsenicals, Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Purushotham Guroji
- UAB Research Center of Excellence in Arsenicals, Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Lin Jin
- UAB Research Center of Excellence in Arsenicals, Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - M Shahid Mukhtar
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Mohammad Athar
- UAB Research Center of Excellence in Arsenicals, Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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8
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MEK and MCL-1 sequential inhibition synergize to enhance rhabdomyosarcoma treatment. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:172. [PMID: 35393436 PMCID: PMC8989976 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00959-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Targeted agents have emerged as promising molecules for cancer treatment, but most of them fail to achieve complete tumor regression or attain durable remissions due to tumor adaptations. We used dynamic BH3 profiling to identify targeted agents effectiveness and anti-apoptotic adaptations upon targeted treatment in rhabdomyosarcoma. We focused on studying the use of BH3 mimetics to specifically inhibit pro-survival BCL-2 family proteins, overwhelm resistance to therapy and prevent relapse. We observed that the MEK1/2 inhibitor trametinib rapidly depleted the pro-apoptotic protein NOXA, thus increasing MCL-1 availability. Indeed, we found that the MCL-1 inhibitor S63845 synergistically enhanced trametinib cytotoxicity in rhabdomyosarcoma cells in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, our findings indicate that the combination of a BH3 mimetic targeting MCL-1 with trametinib improves efficiency on rhabdomyosarcoma by blocking tumor adaptation to treatment.
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9
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Khurshid S, Montes M, Comiskey DF, Shane B, Matsa E, Jung F, Brown C, Bid HK, Wang R, Houghton PJ, Roberts R, Rigo F, Chandler D. Splice-switching of the insulin receptor pre-mRNA alleviates tumorigenic hallmarks in rhabdomyosarcoma. NPJ Precis Oncol 2022; 6:1. [PMID: 35017650 PMCID: PMC8752779 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-021-00245-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is an aggressive pediatric tumor with a poor prognosis for metastasis and recurrent disease. Large-scale sequencing endeavors demonstrate that Rhabdomyosarcomas have a dearth of precisely targetable driver mutations. However, IGF-2 signaling is known to be grossly altered in RMS. The insulin receptor (IR) exists in two alternatively spliced isoforms, IR-A and IR-B. The IGF-2 signaling molecule binds both its innate IGF-1 receptor as well as the insulin receptor variant A (IR-A) with high affinity. Mitogenic and proliferative signaling via the canonical IGF-2 pathway is, therefore, augmented by IR-A. This study shows that RMS patients express increased IR-A levels compared to control tissues that predominantly express the IR-B isoform. We also found that Hif-1α is significantly increased in RMS tumors, portraying their hypoxic phenotype. Concordantly, the alternative splicing of IR adapts to produce more IR-A in response to hypoxic stress. Upon examining the pre-mRNA structure of the gene, we identified a potential hypoxia-responsive element, which is also the binding site for the RNA-binding protein CUG-BP1 (CELF1). We designed Splice Switching Oligonucleotides (SSO) against this binding site to decrease IR-A levels in RMS cell lines and, consequently, rescue the IR-B expression levels. SSO treatment resulted in a significant reduction in cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. Our data shows promising insight into how impeding the IGF-2 pathway by reducing IR-A expression mitigates tumor growth. It is evident that Rhabdomyosarcomas use IR alternative splicing as yet another survival strategy that can be exploited as a therapeutic intervention in conjunction with already established anti-IGF-1 receptor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safiya Khurshid
- Department of Pediatrics and the Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Center for Childhood Cancer, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
| | - Matias Montes
- Department of Pediatrics and the Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Center for Childhood Cancer, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
| | - Daniel F Comiskey
- Department of Pediatrics and the Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Center for Childhood Cancer, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
| | - Brianne Shane
- Department of Pediatrics and the Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Center for Childhood Cancer, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
| | - Eleftheria Matsa
- Department of Pediatrics and the Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Center for Childhood Cancer, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
| | - Francesca Jung
- Department of Pediatrics and the Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Center for Childhood Cancer, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
| | - Chelsea Brown
- Department of Pediatrics and the Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Center for Childhood Cancer, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
| | | | - Ruoning Wang
- Department of Pediatrics and the Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Center for Childhood Cancer, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
| | - Peter J Houghton
- Greenhey Children's Cancer Research Institute, UT Health, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Ryan Roberts
- Department of Pediatrics and the Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Center for Childhood Cancer, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
| | - Frank Rigo
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA, 92010, USA
| | - Dawn Chandler
- Department of Pediatrics and the Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
- Center for Childhood Cancer, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA.
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10
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Winkler M, Friedrich J, Boedicker C, Dolgikh N. Co-targeting MCL-1 and ERK1/2 kinase induces mitochondrial apoptosis in rhabdomyosarcoma cells. Transl Oncol 2021; 16:101313. [PMID: 34906889 PMCID: PMC8681038 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Co-inhibition of ERK1/2 and MCL-1 induces synergistic cell death in rhabdomyosarcoma. Ulixertinib/S63845 co-treatment effectively induces caspase-dependent apoptosis. BIM, BMF, BAK and BAX are required for Ulixertinib/S63845-induced apoptosis.
The RAS/MEK/ERK genetic axis is commonly altered in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), indicating high activity of downstream effector ERK1/2 kinase. Previously, we have demonstrated that inhibition of the RAS/MEK/ERK signaling pathway in RMS is insufficient to induce cell death due to residual pro-survival MCL-1 activity. Here, we show that the combination of ERK1/2 inhibitor Ulixertinib and MCL-1 inhibitor S63845 is highly synergistic and induces apoptotic cell death in RMS in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, Ulixertinib/S63845 co-treatment suppresses long-term survival of RMS cells, induces rapid caspase activation and caspase-dependent apoptosis. Mechanistically, Ulixertinib-mediated upregulation of BIM and BMF in combination with MCL-1 inhibition by S63845 shifts the balance of BCL-2 proteins towards a pro-apoptotic state resulting in apoptosis induction. A genetic silencing approach reveals that BIM, BMF, BAK and BAX are all required for Ulixertinib/S63845-induced apoptosis. Overexpression of BCL-2 rescues cell death triggered by Ulixertinib/S63845 co-treatment, confirming that combined inhibition of ERK1/2 and MCL-1 effectively induces cell death of RMS cells via the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Thus, this study is the first to demonstrate the cytotoxic potency of co-inhibition of ERK1/2 and MCL-1 for RMS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Winkler
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Komturstr. 3a, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Juliane Friedrich
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Komturstr. 3a, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Cathinka Boedicker
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Komturstr. 3a, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nadezda Dolgikh
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Komturstr. 3a, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany.
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11
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Pal A, Leung JY, Ang GCK, Rao VK, Pignata L, Lim HJ, Hebrard M, Chang KT, Lee VK, Guccione E, Taneja R. EHMT2 epigenetically suppresses Wnt signaling and is a potential target in embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. eLife 2020; 9:57683. [PMID: 33252038 PMCID: PMC7728445 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling is downregulated in embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) and contributes to the block of differentiation. Epigenetic mechanisms leading to its suppression are unknown and could pave the way toward novel therapeutic modalities. We demonstrate that EHMT2 suppresses canonical Wnt signaling by activating expression of the Wnt antagonist DKK1. Inhibition of EHMT2 expression or activity in human ERMS cell lines reduced DKK1 expression and elevated canonical Wnt signaling resulting in myogenic differentiation in vitro and in mouse xenograft models in vivo. Mechanistically, EHMT2 impacted Sp1 and p300 enrichment at the DKK1 promoter. The reduced tumor growth upon EHMT2 deficiency was reversed by recombinant DKK1 or LGK974, which also inhibits Wnt signaling. Consistently, among 13 drugs targeting chromatin modifiers, EHMT2 inhibitors were highly effective in reducing ERMS cell viability. Our study demonstrates that ERMS cells are vulnerable to EHMT2 inhibitors and suggest that targeting the EHMT2-DKK1-β-catenin node holds promise for differentiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Pal
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jia Yu Leung
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gareth Chin Khye Ang
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vinay Kumar Rao
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Luca Pignata
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huey Jin Lim
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Maxime Hebrard
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kenneth Te Chang
- Department of Pathology, KK Women and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Victor Km Lee
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ernesto Guccione
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Reshma Taneja
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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12
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Liu W, Chen X, Ge Y, Wang H, Phosat C, Li J, Mao HP, Gao XM, Chang YX. Network pharmacology strategy for revealing the pharmacological mechanism of pharmacokinetic target components of San-Ye-Tang-Zhi-Qing formula for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 260:113044. [PMID: 32535242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE San-Ye-Tang-Zhi-Qing formula (SYTZQ) is an effective prescription for the treatment of pre-diabetes disorders of glycolipid metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It consists of five Chinese herbs including Mori Folium, Nelumbinis Folium, Crataegi Folium, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Paeoniae Radix Rubra. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was aimed to reveal the pharmacological mechanism of pharmacokinetic target components of SYTZQ for the treatment of T2DM. MATERIALS AND METHODS A rapid, precise and sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was developed to quantify simultaneously nuciferin, vitexin-4″-O-glucoside, vitexin-2″-O-rhamnoside, paeoniflorin and rosmarinic acid in rat plasma after oral administration of SYTZQ. The network pharmacology was used to analyze the effect of the compounds absorbed into the blood of SYTZQ on T2DM. The effects of paeoniflorin, nuciferine and rosmarinic acid on adipogenic differentiation were validated in vitro experiments. RESULTS The separation was performed on an ACQUITY UHPLC HSS T3 column (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.7 μm) using acetonitrile and 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in water as the mobile phase in gradient elution. The calibration curves of five analytes showed good linearity (r ≥ 0.9991) with the lower limits of quantification (LLOQ) between 0.3 and 5.0 ng/mL. The recoveries and matrix effects of five analytes ranged from 81.1% to 113%. The RSDs of inter-day and intra-day precision were all within 13.7%. The validated method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of five ingredients after oral administration of SYTZQ to rat. 39 major targets and 22 candidate pathways of five compounds absorbed into the blood of rats after administration of SYTZQ were identified and successfully constructed a compound-target-disease-pathway network. It was confirmed that paeniforin, nuciferine and rosmarinic acid could decrease the adipogenicity differentiation in vitro experiments. CONCLUSIONS The pharmacokinetic parameters indicated that the five components (nuciferin, vitexin-4″-O-glucoside, vitexin-2″-O-rhamnoside, paeoniflorin and rosmarinic acid) were absorbed and eliminated quickly in vivo. These five absorbed components were associated with 22 pathways, including insulin resistance, regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes, PI3k/AKT-, TNF-, cAMP- and cGMP-PKG-signaling pathway. Paeoniflorin, nuciferine and rosmarinic acid have the effect of inhibiting adipocyte differentiation. This study could provide more reference for quality control, and provide a firm basis for evaluating the clinical efficiency of SYTZQ.
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MESH Headings
- Adipocytes/drug effects
- Adipocytes/metabolism
- Adipogenesis/drug effects
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacokinetics
- Energy Metabolism/drug effects
- Female
- Gastrointestinal Absorption
- Gene Regulatory Networks
- Hypoglycemic Agents/administration & dosage
- Hypoglycemic Agents/blood
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacokinetics
- Male
- Metabolomics
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Protein Interaction Maps
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Signal Transduction
- Systems Biology
- Tandem Mass Spectrometry
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Xuanhao Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ge
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Huilin Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Charupan Phosat
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Jin Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; Key Laboratory of Formula of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Hao-Ping Mao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Xiu-Mei Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; Key Laboratory of Formula of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300193, China.
| | - Yan-Xu Chang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; Key Laboratory of Formula of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300193, China.
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13
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Receptor tyrosine kinases and heparan sulfate proteoglycans: Interplay providing anticancer targeting strategies and new therapeutic opportunities. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 178:114084. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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14
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Sun X, Zhang N, Yin C, Zhu B, Li X. Ultraviolet Radiation and Melanomagenesis: From Mechanism to Immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2020; 10:951. [PMID: 32714859 PMCID: PMC7343965 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer, and nearly 90% of melanomas are believed to be caused by ultraviolet radiation (UVR), mainly from sunlight. UVR induces DNA damage, forming products such as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) and 6-4-pyrimidone photoproducts (6-4PP) in a wavelength-dependent manner and causes oxidative DNA damage. These DNA lesions lead to DNA mutations and contribute to the formation of melanoma. In this review, we discuss the protective role of melanocytes against UV-induced DNA damage and how genetic variations, including those in p53 and melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R), or epigenetic histone modifications in melanocytes result in a tendency toward melanoma. We also provide a summary of prevention and treatment strategies against melanoma, including the most recent immunotherapies. Collectively, this work contributes to the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of UV-induced melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengqian Yin
- Department of Dermatology, Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bo Zhu
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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15
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Oral and Dental Abnormalities Caused by a Pediatric Rhabdomyosarcoma Tumor Treatment: A Clinical Case Report. Dent J (Basel) 2020; 8:dj8020059. [PMID: 32570922 PMCID: PMC7344646 DOI: 10.3390/dj8020059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma is one of the most common soft-tissue sarcomas in children. The therapy for this condition has evolved significantly over recent decades, as has survival rates. Nevertheless, multiagent chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgical resection or a combination of these modalities still have to be performed. This case report presents a 16-year-old boy with oral and dental effects after rhabdomyosarcoma treatment, diagnosed at the age of 4 years old. This report highlights the key role of dentists in the clinical management of rhabdomyosarcoma cases before, during and after treatment, and its potential side effects.
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16
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Marampon F, Di Nisio V, Pietrantoni I, Petragnano F, Fasciani I, Scicchitano BM, Ciccarelli C, Gravina GL, Festuccia C, Del Fattore A, Tombolini M, De Felice F, Musio D, Cecconi S, Tini P, Maddalo M, Codenotti S, Fanzani A, Polimeni A, Maggio R, Tombolini V. Pro-differentiating and radiosensitizing effects of inhibiting HDACs by PXD-101 (Belinostat) in in vitro and in vivo models of human rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines. Cancer Lett 2019; 461:90-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Helm BR, Zhan X, Pandya PH, Murray ME, Pollok KE, Renbarger JL, Ferguson MJ, Han Z, Ni D, Zhang J, Huang K. Gene Co-Expression Networks Restructured Gene Fusion in Rhabdomyosarcoma Cancers. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10090665. [PMID: 31480361 PMCID: PMC6770752 DOI: 10.3390/genes10090665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma is subclassified by the presence or absence of a recurrent chromosome translocation that fuses the FOXO1 and PAX3 or PAX7 genes. The fusion protein (FOXO1-PAX3/7) retains both binding domains and becomes a novel and potent transcriptional regulator in rhabdomyosarcoma subtypes. Many studies have characterized and integrated genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic differences among rhabdomyosarcoma subtypes that contain the FOXO1-PAX3/7 gene fusion and those that do not; however, few investigations have investigated how gene co-expression networks are altered by FOXO1-PAX3/7. Although transcriptional data offer insight into one level of functional regulation, gene co-expression networks have the potential to identify biological interactions and pathways that underpin oncogenesis and tumorigenicity. Thus, we examined gene co-expression networks for rhabdomyosarcoma that were FOXO1-PAX3 positive, FOXO1-PAX7 positive, or fusion negative. Gene co-expression networks were mined using local maximum Quasi-Clique Merger (lmQCM) and analyzed for co-expression differences among rhabdomyosarcoma subtypes. This analysis observed 41 co-expression modules that were shared between fusion negative and positive samples, of which 17/41 showed significant up- or down-regulation in respect to fusion status. Fusion positive and negative rhabdomyosarcoma showed differing modularity of co-expression networks with fusion negative (n = 109) having significantly more individual modules than fusion positive (n = 53). Subsequent analysis of gene co-expression networks for PAX3 and PAX7 type fusions observed 17/53 were differentially expressed between the two subtypes. Gene list enrichment analysis found that gene ontology terms were poorly matched with biological processes and molecular function for most co-expression modules identified in this study; however, co-expressed modules were frequently localized to cytobands on chromosomes 8 and 11. Overall, we observed substantial restructuring of co-expression networks relative to fusion status and fusion type in rhabdomyosarcoma and identified previously overlooked genes and pathways that may be targeted in this pernicious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan R Helm
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202-3082, USA
| | - Xiaohui Zhan
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202-3082, USA
- National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Pankita H Pandya
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202-3082, USA
| | - Mary E Murray
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202-3082, USA
| | - Karen E Pollok
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202-3082, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202-3082, USA
| | - Jamie L Renbarger
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202-3082, USA
| | - Michael J Ferguson
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202-3082, USA
| | - Zhi Han
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202-3082, USA
| | - Dong Ni
- National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202-3082, USA.
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202-3082, USA.
- Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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18
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Berlow NE, Rikhi R, Geltzeiler M, Abraham J, Svalina MN, Davis LE, Wise E, Mancini M, Noujaim J, Mansoor A, Quist MJ, Matlock KL, Goros MW, Hernandez BS, Doung YC, Thway K, Tsukahara T, Nishio J, Huang ET, Airhart S, Bult CJ, Gandour-Edwards R, Maki RG, Jones RL, Michalek JE, Milovancev M, Ghosh S, Pal R, Keller C. Probabilistic modeling of personalized drug combinations from integrated chemical screen and molecular data in sarcoma. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:593. [PMID: 31208434 PMCID: PMC6580486 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5681-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer patients with advanced disease routinely exhaust available clinical regimens and lack actionable genomic medicine results, leaving a large patient population without effective treatments options when their disease inevitably progresses. To address the unmet clinical need for evidence-based therapy assignment when standard clinical approaches have failed, we have developed a probabilistic computational modeling approach which integrates molecular sequencing data with functional assay data to develop patient-specific combination cancer treatments. METHODS Tissue taken from a murine model of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma was used to perform single agent drug screening and DNA/RNA sequencing experiments; results integrated via our computational modeling approach identified a synergistic personalized two-drug combination. Cells derived from the primary murine tumor were allografted into mouse models and used to validate the personalized two-drug combination. Computational modeling of single agent drug screening and RNA sequencing of multiple heterogenous sites from a single patient's epithelioid sarcoma identified a personalized two-drug combination effective across all tumor regions. The heterogeneity-consensus combination was validated in a xenograft model derived from the patient's primary tumor. Cell cultures derived from human and canine undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma were assayed by drug screen; computational modeling identified a resistance-abrogating two-drug combination common to both cell cultures. This combination was validated in vitro via a cell regrowth assay. RESULTS Our computational modeling approach addresses three major challenges in personalized cancer therapy: synergistic drug combination predictions (validated in vitro and in vivo in a genetically engineered murine cancer model), identification of unifying therapeutic targets to overcome intra-tumor heterogeneity (validated in vivo in a human cancer xenograft), and mitigation of cancer cell resistance and rewiring mechanisms (validated in vitro in a human and canine cancer model). CONCLUSIONS These proof-of-concept studies support the use of an integrative functional approach to personalized combination therapy prediction for the population of high-risk cancer patients lacking viable clinical options and without actionable DNA sequencing-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah E. Berlow
- Children’s Cancer Therapy Development Institute, 12655 SW Beaverdam Road-West, Beaverton, OR 97005 USA
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA
| | - Rishi Rikhi
- Children’s Cancer Therapy Development Institute, 12655 SW Beaverdam Road-West, Beaverton, OR 97005 USA
| | - Mathew Geltzeiler
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
| | - Jinu Abraham
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
| | - Matthew N. Svalina
- Children’s Cancer Therapy Development Institute, 12655 SW Beaverdam Road-West, Beaverton, OR 97005 USA
| | - Lara E. Davis
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
| | - Erin Wise
- Champions Oncology, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | | | - Jonathan Noujaim
- Royal Marsden Hospital and Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JJ UK
- Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, H1T 2M4 Canada
| | - Atiya Mansoor
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
| | - Michael J. Quist
- Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
| | - Kevin L. Matlock
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA
- Omics Data Automation, 12655 SW Beaverdam Road, Beaverton, OR 97005 USA
| | - Martin W. Goros
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA
| | - Brian S. Hernandez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA
| | - Yee C. Doung
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
| | - Khin Thway
- Royal Marsden Hospital and Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JJ UK
| | - Tomohide Tsukahara
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556 Japan
| | - Jun Nishio
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180 Japan
| | - Elaine T. Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
| | | | | | - Regina Gandour-Edwards
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA
| | - Robert G. Maki
- Sarcoma Program, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell & Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Long Island, NY 10142 USA
| | - Robin L. Jones
- Royal Marsden Hospital and Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JJ UK
| | - Joel E. Michalek
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA
| | - Milan Milovancev
- Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - Souparno Ghosh
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA
| | - Ranadip Pal
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA
| | - Charles Keller
- Children’s Cancer Therapy Development Institute, 12655 SW Beaverdam Road-West, Beaverton, OR 97005 USA
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19
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Pal A, Chiu HY, Taneja R. Genetics, epigenetics and redox homeostasis in rhabdomyosarcoma: Emerging targets and therapeutics. Redox Biol 2019; 25:101124. [PMID: 30709791 PMCID: PMC6859585 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma accounting for 5–8% of malignant tumours in children and adolescents. Children with high risk disease have poor prognosis. Anti-RMS therapies include surgery, radiation and combination chemotherapy. While these strategies improved survival rates, they have plateaued since 1990s as drugs that target differentiation and self-renewal of tumours cells have not been identified. Moreover, prevailing treatments are aggressive with drug resistance and metastasis causing failure of several treatment regimes. Significant advances have been made recently in understanding the genetic and epigenetic landscape in RMS. These studies have identified novel diagnostic and prognostic markers and opened new avenues for treatment. An important target identified in high throughput drug screening studies is reactive oxygen species (ROS). Indeed, many drugs in clinical trials for RMS impact tumour progression through ROS. In light of such emerging evidence, we discuss recent findings highlighting key pathways, epigenetic alterations and their impacts on ROS that form the basis of developing novel molecularly targeted therapies in RMS. Such targeted therapies in combination with conventional therapy could reduce adverse side effects in young survivors and lead to a decline in long-term morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Pal
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
| | - Hsin Yao Chiu
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
| | - Reshma Taneja
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore.
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20
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Malempati S, Weigel BJ, Chi YY, Tian J, Anderson JR, Parham DM, Teot LA, Rodeberg DA, Yock TI, Shulkin BL, Spunt SL, Meyer WH, Hawkins DS. The addition of cixutumumab or temozolomide to intensive multiagent chemotherapy is feasible but does not improve outcome for patients with metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma: A report from the Children's Oncology Group. Cancer 2018; 125:290-297. [PMID: 30351457 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The outcome for patients with metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) remains poor. A previous Children's Oncology Group (COG) study (ARST0431) for patients with metastatic RMS produced no improvement in outcome using multiple cytotoxic agents in a dose-intensive manner. The authors report results from the subsequent COG study (ARST08P1), which evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of adding cixutumumab (insulin-like growth factor-1 monoclonal antibody) or temozolomide to the ARST0431 intensive chemotherapy backbone. METHODS Two nonrandomized pilot studies were conducted in patients with metastatic RMS, initially to determine feasibility, and both pilots were expanded to assess efficacy. All patients received 54 weeks of chemotherapy, including vincristine/irinotecan, interval-compressed vincristine/doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide alternating with ifosfamide/etoposide, and vincristine/dactinomycin/cyclophosphamide. In pilot 1, patients received intravenous cixutumumab (3, 6, or 9 mg/kg) once weekly throughout therapy. In pilot 2, patients received oral temozolomide (100 mg/m2 ) daily for 5 days with irinotecan. All patients received radiation to the primary tumor and to metastatic sites. RESULTS One hundred sixty-eight eligible patients were enrolled (97 on pilot 1 and 71 on pilot 2). Most patients were aged ≥10 years (73%), with alveolar histology (70%), and had bone and/or bone marrow metastases (59%). Toxicities observed in each pilot were similar to those reported on ARST0431. With a median follow-up of 2.9 years, the 3-year event-free survival rate was 16% (95% confidence interval, 7%-25%) with cixutumumab and 18% (95% confidence interval, 2%-35%) with temozolomide. CONCLUSIONS The addition of cixutumumab or temozolomide to intensive multiagent chemotherapy for metastatic RMS was safe and feasible. Neither agent improved outcome compared with the same chemotherapy that was used on ARST0431.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Malempati
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Brenda J Weigel
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplant, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Yueh-Yun Chi
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | | | - David M Parham
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles and University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lisa A Teot
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David A Rodeberg
- Department of Surgery, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Torunn I Yock
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Barry L Shulkin
- Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Sheri L Spunt
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - William H Meyer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Douglas S Hawkins
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
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21
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Ghayad SE, Rammal G, Sarkis O, Basma H, Ghamloush F, Fahs A, Karam M, Harajli M, Rabeh W, Mouawad JE, Zalzali H, Saab R. The histone deacetylase inhibitor Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid (SAHA) as a therapeutic agent in rhabdomyosarcoma. Cancer Biol Ther 2018; 20:272-283. [PMID: 30307360 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2018.1529093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is an aggressive childhood sarcoma with two distinct subtypes, embryonal (ERMS) and alveolar (ARMS) histologies. More effective treatment is needed to improve outcomes, beyond conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy. The pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor, Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid (SAHA), has shown promising efficacy in limited preclinical studies. We used a panel of human ERMS and ARMS cell lines and xenografts to evaluate the effects of SAHA as a therapeutic agent in both RMS subtypes. SAHA decreased cell viability by inhibiting S-phase progression in all cell lines tested, and induced apoptosis in all but one cell line. Molecularly, SAHA-treated cells showed activation of a DNA damage response, induction of the cell cycle inhibitors p21Cip1 and p27Kip1 and downregulation of Cyclin D1. In a subset of RMS cell lines, SAHA promoted features of cellular senescence and myogenic differentiation. Interestingly, SAHA treatment profoundly decreased protein levels of the driver fusion oncoprotein PAX3-FOXO1 in ARMS cells at a post-translational level. In vivo, SAHA-treated xenografts showed increased histone acetylation and induction of a DNA damage response, along with variable upregulation of p21Cip1 and p27Kip1. However, while the ARMS Rh41 xenograft tumor growth was significantly inhibited, there was no significant inhibition of the ERMS tumor xenograft RD. Thus, our work shows that, while SAHA is effective against ERMS and ARMS tumor cells in vitro, it has divergent in vivo effects . Together with the observed effects on the PAX3-FOXO1 fusion protein, these data suggest SAHA as a possible therapeutic agent for clinical testing in patients with fusion protein-positive RMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra E Ghayad
- a Department of Biology, Faculty of Science II , Lebanese University , Fanar , Lebanon
| | - Ghina Rammal
- a Department of Biology, Faculty of Science II , Lebanese University , Fanar , Lebanon.,b Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine , American University of Beirut , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Omar Sarkis
- b Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine , American University of Beirut , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Hussein Basma
- b Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine , American University of Beirut , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Farah Ghamloush
- b Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine , American University of Beirut , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Assil Fahs
- a Department of Biology, Faculty of Science II , Lebanese University , Fanar , Lebanon
| | - Mia Karam
- a Department of Biology, Faculty of Science II , Lebanese University , Fanar , Lebanon
| | - Mohamad Harajli
- b Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine , American University of Beirut , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Wissam Rabeh
- b Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine , American University of Beirut , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Joe E Mouawad
- b Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine , American University of Beirut , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Hassan Zalzali
- b Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine , American University of Beirut , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Raya Saab
- b Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine , American University of Beirut , Beirut , Lebanon.,c Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology , American University of Beirut , Beirut , Lebanon
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22
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Cassinelli G, Favini E, Dal Bo L, Tortoreto M, De Maglie M, Dagrada G, Pilotti S, Zunino F, Zaffaroni N, Lanzi C. Antitumor efficacy of the heparan sulfate mimic roneparstat (SST0001) against sarcoma models involves multi-target inhibition of receptor tyrosine kinases. Oncotarget 2018; 7:47848-47863. [PMID: 27374103 PMCID: PMC5216983 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The heparan sulfate (HS) mimic/heparanase inhibitor roneparstat (SST0001) shows antitumor activity in preclinical sarcoma models. We hypothesized that this 100% N-acetylated and glycol-split heparin could interfere with the functions of several receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) coexpressed in sarcomas and activated by heparin-binding growth factors. Using a phospho-proteomic approach, we investigated the drug effects on RTK activation in human cell lines representative of different sarcoma subtypes. Inhibition of FGF, IGF, ERBB and PDGF receptors by the drug was biochemically and functionally validated. Roneparstat counteracted the autocrine loop induced by the COL1A1/PDGFB fusion oncogene, expressed in a human dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans primary culture and in NIH3T3COL1A1/PDGFB transfectants, inhibiting cell anchorage-independent growth and invasion. In addition, roneparstat inhibited the activation of cell surface PDGFR and PDGFR-associated FAK, likely contributing to the reversion of NIH3T3COL1A1/PDGFB cell transformed and pro-invasive phenotype. Biochemical and histological/immunohistochemical ex vivo analyses confirmed a reduced activation of ERBB4, EGFR, INSR, IGF1R, associated with apoptosis induction and angiogenesis inhibition in a drug-treated Ewing's sarcoma family tumor xenograft. The combination of roneparstat with irinotecan significantly improved the antitumor effect against A204 rhabdoid xenografts resulting in a high rate of complete responses and cures. These findings reveal that roneparstat exerts a multi-target inhibition of RTKs relevant in the pathobiology of different sarcoma subtypes. These effects, likely cooperating with heparanase inhibition, contribute to the antitumor efficacy of the drug. The study supports heparanase/HS axis targeting as a valuable approach in combination therapies of different sarcoma subtypes providing a preclinical rationale for clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Cassinelli
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrica Favini
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Dal Bo
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Tortoreto
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcella De Maglie
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Public Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory, Fondazione Filarete, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Dagrada
- Laboratory of Experimental Molecular Pathology, Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvana Pilotti
- Laboratory of Experimental Molecular Pathology, Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Franco Zunino
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Nadia Zaffaroni
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Lanzi
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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23
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Liu W, Wang H, Zhu B, Yin C, Chen S, Li J, Yu XA, Azietaku JT, An M, Gao XM, Chang YX. An activity-integrated strategy of the identification, screening and determination of potential neuraminidase inhibitors from Radix Scutellariae. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175751. [PMID: 28486473 PMCID: PMC5423611 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Small molecules isolated from herbal medicines (HMs) were identified as the potential neuraminidase inhibitors which are effective in influenza prevention and treatment. Unfortunately, current available screen methods of small molecules isolated from HMs are inefficient and insensitive. Here a novel Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with diode-array detectors and auto-fraction collector / time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-DAD-FC/Q-TOF-MS) screening method with high efficiency was developed and validated to separate, collect, enrich, identify and quantify potential neuraminidase inhibitors from Radix Scutellariae. The results showed that 26 components with neuraminidase inhibitory activity were identified from Radix Scutellariae extracts. It was also found that the influence of origins on the quality of RS was more than that of cultivated time on the basis of the concentration of the effective components. These results brought novel insights into quality evaluation of Radix Scutellariae. It was demonstrated that new activity-integrated strategy was a suitable technique for the identification, screening and determination of potential neuraminidase inhibitors in herbal medicine and will provide novel potential strategies in other drug screening from herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Huilin Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Chengqian Yin
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Shuyang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jin Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xie-an Yu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - John Teye Azietaku
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingrui An
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Xiu-mei Gao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail: (Y.-x.Chang); (X-m Gao)
| | - Yan-xu Chang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail: (Y.-x.Chang); (X-m Gao)
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24
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Yu Y, Fu L, Wang S, Jin Y, Han S, Chu P, Lu J, Guo Y, He L, Ni X. Investigation of IGF2, IGFBP2 and p63 proteins in rhabdomyosarcoma tumors. Growth Horm IGF Res 2017; 33:17-22. [PMID: 28129571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Many efforts have been made to address involvement of the insulin-like growth-factor (IGF) pathway in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) pathogenesis, but the actual role of IGF in RMS is still controversial. OBJECTIVE To investigate the implications of IGF2, IGFBP2 and p63 in RMS, and further explored their potential interaction. DESIGN A total of 114 specimens of RMS along with clinic-pathologic characteristics were collected from the year of 2003 to 2013. Protein abundance was detected by immunohistochemical staining, potential relationships between protein levels and clinic-pathological parameters were applied using correlation analysis. RESULTS The results showed positive correlation between IGFBP2 and p63 (r=0.271, p=0.003), suggesting that the interaction of IGFBP2 and p63 might account for the pathogenesis of RMS. In the subtype analysis, positive correlation was still found in embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS, r=0.214, p=0.034) and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS, r=0.498, p=0.048). By focusing on the interaction of IGF pathway and p63, our results reveal additional signs to elucidate difference of pathogenesis and severity between ERMS and ARMS. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides novel evidence to elucidate RMS pathogenesis and may be beneficial to clinical diagnosis and therapy for RMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbo Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Libing Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shen Wang
- Clinical Diagnostic Center, 302nd Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqiong Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shujing Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Chu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongli Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lejian He
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xin Ni
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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25
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El Demellawy D, McGowan-Jordan J, de Nanassy J, Chernetsova E, Nasr A. Update on molecular findings in rhabdomyosarcoma. Pathology 2017; 49:238-246. [PMID: 28256213 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2016.12.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common malignant soft tissue tumour in children and adolescents. Histologically RMS resembles developing fetal striated skeletal muscle. RMS is stratified into different histological subtypes which appear to influence management plans and patient outcome. Importantly, molecular classification of RMS seems to more accurately capture the true biology and clinical course and prognosis of RMS to guide therapeutic decisions. The identification of PAX-FOXO1 fusion status in RMS is one of the most important updates in the risk stratification of RMS. There are several genes close to PAX that are frequently altered including the RAS family, FGFR4, PIK3CA, CTNNB1, FBXW7, and BCOR. As with most paediatric blue round cell tumours and sarcomas, chemotherapy is the key regimen for RMS therapy. Currently there are no direct inhibitors against PAX-FOXO1 fusion oncoproteins and targeting epigenetic cofactors is limited to clinical trials. Failure of therapy in RMS is usually related to drug resistance and metastatic disease. Through this review we have highlighted most of the molecular aspects in RMS and have attempted to correlate with RMS classification, treatment and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina El Demellawy
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Pediatric Pathology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Jean McGowan-Jordan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph de Nanassy
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Pediatric Pathology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Ahmed Nasr
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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26
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Disruption of myoblast alignment by highly motile rhabdomyosarcoma cell in tissue structure. J Biosci Bioeng 2017; 123:259-264. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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27
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Abstract
Pediatric sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of tumors accounting for approximately 10% of childhood solid tumors. Treatment is focused on multimodality therapy, which has improved the prognosis over the past two decades. Current regimens focus on decreasing treatment for low-risk patients to decrease the long-term side effects while maximizing therapy for patients with metastatic disease to improve survival. Pediatric sarcomas can be divided into soft tissue sarcomas and osseous tumors. Soft tissue sarcomas are further delineated into rhabdomyosarcomas, which affect young children and nonrhabdomyosarcomas, which are most common in adolescents. The most common bone sarcomas are osteosarcomas and Ewing's sarcoma.
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28
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Lacey A, Rodrigues-Hoffman A, Safe S. PAX3-FOXO1A Expression in Rhabdomyosarcoma Is Driven by the Targetable Nuclear Receptor NR4A1. Cancer Res 2016; 77:732-741. [PMID: 27864345 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) is a devastating pediatric disease driven by expression of the oncogenic fusion gene PAX3-FOXO1A. In this study, we report overexpression of the nuclear receptor NR4A1 in rhabdomyosarcomas that is sufficient to drive high expression of PAX3-FOXO1A there. RNAi-mediated silencing of NR4A1 decreased expression of PAX3-FOXO1A and its downstream effector genes. Similarly, cell treatment with the NR4A1 small-molecule antagonists 1,1-bis(3-indolyl)-1-(p-hydroxy or p-carbomethoxyphenyl)methane (C-DIM) decreased PAX3-FOXO1A. Mechanistic investigations revealed a requirement for the NR4A1/Sp4 complex to bind GC-rich promoter regions to elevate transcription of the PAX3-FOXO1A gene. In parallel, NR4A1 also regulated expression of β1-integrin, which with PAX3-FOXO1A, contributed to tumor cell migration that was blocked by C-DIM/NR4A1 antagonists. Taken together, our results provide a preclinical rationale for the use of NR4A1 small-molecule antagonists to treat ARMS and other rhabdomyosarcomas driven by PAX3-FOXO1A. Cancer Res; 77(3); 732-41. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Lacey
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | | | - Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.
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29
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Böhm M, Wachtel M, Marques JG, Streiff N, Laubscher D, Nanni P, Mamchaoui K, Santoro R, Schäfer BW. Helicase CHD4 is an epigenetic coregulator of PAX3-FOXO1 in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:4237-4249. [PMID: 27760049 DOI: 10.1172/jci85057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A vast number of cancer genes are transcription factors that drive tumorigenesis as oncogenic fusion proteins. Although the direct targeting of transcription factors remains challenging, therapies aimed at oncogenic fusion proteins are attractive as potential treatments for cancer. There is particular interest in targeting the oncogenic PAX3-FOXO1 fusion transcription factor, which induces alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (aRMS), an aggressive cancer of skeletal muscle cells for which patient outcomes remain dismal. In this work, we have defined the interactome of PAX3-FOXO1 and screened 60 candidate interactors using siRNA-mediated depletion to identify candidates that affect fusion protein activity in aRMS cells. We report that chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 4 (CHD4), an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler, acts as crucial coregulator of PAX3-FOXO1 activity. CHD4 interacts with PAX3-FOXO1 via short DNA fragments. Together, they bind to regulatory regions of PAX3-FOXO1 target genes. Gene expression analysis suggested that CHD4 coregulatory activity is essential for a subset of PAX3-FOXO1 target genes. Depletion of CHD4 reduced cell viability of fusion-positive but not of fusion-negative RMS in vitro, which resembled loss of PAX3-FOXO1. It also caused specific regression of fusion-positive xenograft tumors in vivo. Therefore, this work identifies CHD4 as an epigenetic coregulator of PAX3-FOXO1 activity, providing rational evidence for CHD4 as a potential therapeutic target in aRMS.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autoantigens/genetics
- Autoantigens/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Heterografts
- Humans
- Mi-2 Nucleosome Remodeling and Deacetylase Complex/genetics
- Mi-2 Nucleosome Remodeling and Deacetylase Complex/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Paired Box Transcription Factors/genetics
- Paired Box Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Rhabdomyosarcoma, Alveolar/genetics
- Rhabdomyosarcoma, Alveolar/metabolism
- Rhabdomyosarcoma, Alveolar/pathology
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30
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The heparanase/heparan sulfate proteoglycan axis: A potential new therapeutic target in sarcomas. Cancer Lett 2016; 382:245-254. [PMID: 27666777 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Heparanase, the only known mammalian endoglycosidase degrading heparan sulfate (HS) chains of HS proteoglycans (HSPG), is a highly versatile protein affecting multiple events in tumor cells and their microenvironment. In several malignancies, deregulation of the heparanase/HSPG system has been implicated in tumor progression, hence representing a valuable therapeutic target. Currently, multiple agents interfering with the heparanase/HSPG axis are under clinical investigation. Sarcomas are characterized by a high biomolecular complexity and multiple levels of interconnection with microenvironment sustaining their growth and progression. The clinical management of advanced diseases remains a challenge. In several sarcoma subtypes, high levels of heparanase expression have been correlated with poor prognosis associated factors. On the other hand, expression of cell surface-associated HSPGs (i.e. glypicans and syndecans) has been found altered in specific sarcoma subtypes. Recent studies provided the preclinical proof-of-principle of the role of the heparanase/HSPG axis as therapeutic target in various sarcoma subtypes. Although currently there are no clinical trials evaluating agents targeting heparanase and/or HSPGs in sarcomas, we here provide arguments for this strategy as potentially able to implement the therapeutic options for sarcoma patients.
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31
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Rhabdomyosarcoma: Advances in Molecular and Cellular Biology. Sarcoma 2015; 2015:232010. [PMID: 26420980 PMCID: PMC4569767 DOI: 10.1155/2015/232010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue malignancy in childhood and adolescence. The two major histological subtypes of RMS are alveolar RMS, driven by the fusion protein PAX3-FKHR or PAX7-FKHR, and embryonic RMS, which is usually genetically heterogeneous. The prognosis of RMS has improved in the past several decades due to multidisciplinary care. However, in recent years, the treatment of patients with metastatic or refractory RMS has reached a plateau. Thus, to improve the survival rate of RMS patients and their overall well-being, further understanding of the molecular and cellular biology of RMS and identification of novel therapeutic targets are imperative. In this review, we describe the most recent discoveries in the molecular and cellular biology of RMS, including alterations in oncogenic pathways, miRNA (miR), in vivo models, stem cells, and important signal transduction cascades implicated in the development and progression of RMS. Furthermore, we discuss novel potential targeted therapies that may improve the current treatment of RMS.
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