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Fiste O, Gkiozos I, Charpidou A, Syrigos NK. Artificial Intelligence-Based Treatment Decisions: A New Era for NSCLC. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:831. [PMID: 38398222 PMCID: PMC10887017 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women and men, in developed countries, despite the public health interventions including tobacco-free campaigns, screening and early detection methods, recent therapeutic advances, and ongoing intense research on novel antineoplastic modalities. Targeting oncogenic driver mutations and immune checkpoint inhibition has indeed revolutionized NSCLC treatment, yet there still remains the unmet need for robust and standardized predictive biomarkers to accurately inform clinical decisions. Artificial intelligence (AI) represents the computer-based science concerned with large datasets for complex problem-solving. Its concept has brought a paradigm shift in oncology considering its immense potential for improved diagnosis, treatment guidance, and prognosis. In this review, we present the current state of AI-driven applications on NSCLC management, with a particular focus on radiomics and pathomics, and critically discuss both the existing limitations and future directions in this field. The thoracic oncology community should not be discouraged by the likely long road of AI implementation into daily clinical practice, as its transformative impact on personalized treatment approaches is undeniable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oraianthi Fiste
- Oncology Unit, Third Department of Internal Medicine and Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.G.); (A.C.); (N.K.S.)
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Liu SV, Elkins IB, Feldman J, Goldberg SB. EGFR Mutations Are Not All the Same: the Importance of Biomarker Testing in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)-A Podcast Discussion Between Patients and Oncologists. Oncol Ther 2023; 11:419-431. [PMID: 37750968 PMCID: PMC10673799 DOI: 10.1007/s40487-023-00242-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This podcast, for healthcare professionals (HCPs), patients, and patient advocates, is a discussion among a panel of two patients (and co-founders of the patient advocacy group EGFR Resisters, https://egfrcancer.org/ ) and two oncologists. The objective of the podcast is to explain the importance of biomarker testing for patients with EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer. The treatment landscape for EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer is evolving, and biomarker testing has become central to determining the best therapies for individual patients. The panel discusses what biomarkers are, the processes involved in obtaining biomarker testing, how biomarker information is used, and the importance of waiting for biomarker results prior to determining treatment. The panel also discusses patient perspectives on biopsy and biomarker testing and how HCPs can best help guide new patients through this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen V Liu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Ivy B Elkins
- Patient Advocacy Group EGFR Resisters, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Jill Feldman
- Patient Advocacy Group EGFR Resisters, Deerfield, IL, USA
| | - Sarah B Goldberg
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Center for Thoracic Cancers, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Sakharkar P, Kurup S. Comparing Efficacy of Erlotinib and Bevacizumab Combination with Erlotinib Monotherapy in Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Diseases 2023; 11:146. [PMID: 37873790 PMCID: PMC10594499 DOI: 10.3390/diseases11040146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess and contrast the efficacy and safety of combining erlotinib and bevacizumab with erlotinib alone in the treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The authors searched databases such as PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for randomized control trials (RCTs) comparing erlotinib plus bevacizumab with erlotinib in NSCLC patients. The overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), and adverse events (AEs) were the outcomes of interest. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) and relative risk (RR) were estimated utilizing both fixed- and random-effect models. Methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Nine studies comprising 1698 patients with NSCLC were included in this meta-analysis, of whom 850 were treated with erlotinib plus bevacizumab, and 848 with erlotinib. The erlotinib plus bevacizumab combination significantly prolonged PFS (HR, 0.62, 95% CI: 0.56, 0.70, p < 0.00001) but did not show any significant improvement in OS (HR, 0.95; 95% CI: 0.83, 1.07, p = 0.39) and ORR (HR, 1.10; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.24, p = 0.09). Increased risks of hypertension (RR, 5.15; 95% CI: 3.59, 7.39; p < 0.00001), proteinuria (RR, 10.54; 95% CI: 3.80, 29.20; p < 0.00001) and grade 3 and higher AEs (RR, 2.09; 95% CI: 1.47, 2.97; p < 0.00001) were observed with the erlotinib-plus-bevacizumab combination compared to erlotinib monotherapy. On subgroup analyses, the erlotinib plus bevacizumab combination improved PFS only. Combining erlotinib and bevacizumab has been shown to improve PFS in advanced NSCLC patients but did not show any significant OS and ORR benefits. Furthermore, risks of hypertension, proteinuria, and grade 3 or higher AEs were greater with the erlotinib-and-bevacizumab combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Sakharkar
- Department of Clinical and Administrative Sciences, College of Science, Health and Pharmacy, Roosevelt University, Schaumburg, IL 60173, USA
| | - Sonali Kurup
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ferris State University, Big Rapids, MI 49307, USA;
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Xia X, Pi W, Chen M, Wang W, Cai D, Wang X, Lan Y, Yang H. Emerging roles of PHLPP phosphatases in lung cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1216131. [PMID: 37576883 PMCID: PMC10414793 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1216131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pleckstrin homologous domain leucine-rich repeating protein phosphatases (PHLPPs) were originally identified as protein kinase B (Akt) kinase hydrophobic motif specific phosphatases to maintain the cellular homeostasis. With the continuous expansion of PHLPPs research, imbalanced-PHLPPs were mainly found as a tumor suppressor gene of a variety of solid tumors. In this review, we simply described the history and structures of PHLPPs and summarized the recent achievements in emerging roles of PHLPPs in lung cancer by 1) the signaling pathways affected by PHLPPs including Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, RAS/RAF/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Protein kinase C (PKC) signaling cascades. 2) function of PHLPPs regulatory factor USP46 and miR-190/miR-215, 3) the potential roles of PHLPPs in disease prognosis, Epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR)- tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) resistance and DNA damage, 4) and the possible function of PHLPPs in radiotherapy, ferroptosis and inflammation response. Therefore, PHLPPs can be considered as either biomarker or prognostic marker for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Haihua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology of Taizhou, Radiation Oncology Institute of Enze Medical Health Academy, Department of Radiation Oncology, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
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Joshi J, Pandit A, Tarapara B, Patel H, Bhavnagari H, Panchal H, Shah FD. An association of epidermal growth factor receptor mutation subtypes with prognostic prediction and site-specific recurrence in advanced stage lung cancer patients. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:5105-5115. [PMID: 37099232 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08432-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concerning the different clinical behavior of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) subtypes in advanced-stage lung cancer patients, the current study aimed to evaluate the clinical, pathological, and prognostic significance of EGFR mutation subtypes, and treatment response in patients with advanced-stage lung cancer. METHODS AND RESULTS A retrospective study enrolled a total of 346 patients with advanced-stage lung cancer tested for EGFR mutation. EGFR mutation was analyzed by amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.0. EGFR mutation was evident in 38% of patients with the highest prevalence of exon 19 deletions. A higher incidence of 19-deletions and 20-insertions were observed in young patients, while a higher incidence of L858R was noted in old age patients. Patients with de-novo T790M failed to improve their OS by any of the treatment modalities. Patients with de-novo T790M mutation have a higher risk of developing lung, liver, and multiple site metastases while patients with L858R mutation have a higher risk of developing brain metastasis. Additionally, patients with 19 deletion mutation did not improve their OS after receiving conventional chemotherapy hence, they demonstrate better survival only after EGFR-TKIs. Multivariate survival analysis predicted chemotherapy as an independent predictor of OS. CONCLUSION Besides clinicopathological and prognostic consequences of EGFR mutation and mutation subtypes, patients harboring TKI sensitive, or insensitive mutations reveal different secondary disease development and hence should be treated accordingly for better survival. Current findings may provide the basis for a better treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jigna Joshi
- Molecular Diagnostic and Research Lab-3, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380016, India
| | - Apexa Pandit
- Molecular Diagnostic and Research Lab-3, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380016, India
| | - Bhoomi Tarapara
- Molecular Diagnostic and Research Lab-3, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380016, India
| | - Hitarth Patel
- Molecular Diagnostic and Research Lab-3, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380016, India
| | - Hunayna Bhavnagari
- Molecular Diagnostic and Research Lab-3, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380016, India
| | - Harsha Panchal
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Franky D Shah
- Molecular Diagnostic and Research Lab-3, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380016, India.
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Chamorro DF, Cardona AF, Rodríguez J, Ruiz-Patiño A, Arrieta O, Moreno-Pérez DA, Rojas L, Zatarain-Barrón ZL, Ardila DV, Viola L, Recondo G, Blaquier JB, Martín C, Raez L, Samtani S, Ordóñez-Reyes C, Garcia-Robledo JE, Corrales L, Sotelo C, Ricaurte L, Cuello M, Mejía S, Jaller E, Vargas C, Carranza H, Otero J, Archila P, Bermudez M, Gamez T, Russo A, Malapelle U, de Miguel Perez D, de Lima VCC, Freitas H, Saldahna E, Rolfo C, Rosell R. Genomic Landscape of Primary Resistance to Osimertinib Among Hispanic Patients with EGFR-Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): Results of an Observational Longitudinal Cohort Study. Target Oncol 2023; 18:425-440. [PMID: 37017806 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-023-00955-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations (EGFRm) represent one of the most common genomic alterations identified among patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Several targeted agents for patients with EGFRm have been proven safe and effective, including the third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) osimertinib. Nonetheless, some patients will present with or develop EGFR-TKI resistance mechanisms. OBJECTIVE We characterized the genomic landscape of primary resistance to osimertinib among Hispanic patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC. METHODS An observational longitudinal cohort study was conducted with two groups of patients, those with intrinsic resistance (cohort A) and those with long-term survival (cohort B). All patients were treated and followed between January 2018 and May 2022. All patients were assessed for Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and Bcl-2-like protein 11 (BIM)/AXL mRNA expression before starting TKI. After 8 weeks of treatment, a liquid biopsy was performed to determine the presence of circulating free DNA (cfDNA), and next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used to identify mutations at the time of progression. In both cohorts, overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were evaluated. RESULTS We found a homogeneous distribution of EGFR-sensitizing mutations in both cohorts. For cohort A, exon 21 mutations were more common than exon 19 deletions (ex19dels) for cohort B (P = 0.0001). The reported ORR for osimertinib was 6.3% and 100% for cohorts A and B, respectively (P = 0.0001). PFS was significantly higher in cohort B (27.4 months vs. 3.1 months; P = 0.0001) and ex19del patients versus L858R (24.5 months, 95% confidence interval [CI] 18.2-NR), vs. 7.6 months, 95% CI 4.8-21.1; P = 0.001). OS was considerably lower for cohort A (20.1 months vs. 36.0 months; P = 0.0001) and was better for patients with ex19del, no brain metastasis, and low tumor mutation burden. At the time of progression, more mutations were found in cohort A, identifying off-target alterations more frequently, including TP53, RAS, and RB1. CONCLUSION EGFR-independent alterations are common among patients with primary resistance to osimertinib and significantly impact PFS and OS. Our results suggest that among Hispanic patients, other variables associated with intrinsic resistance include the number of commutations, high levels AXL mRNA, and low levels of BIM mRNA, T790M de novo, EGFR p.L858R presence, and a high tumoral mutational burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego F Chamorro
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research-FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Andrés F Cardona
- Direction of Research, Science, and Education, Luis Carlos Sarmiento Angulo Cancer Treatment and Research Center (CTIC), Calle 168 # 14, 110221, Bogotá, Colombia.
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Luis Carlos Sarmiento Angulo Cancer Treatment and Research Center (CTIC), Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - July Rodríguez
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research-FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Ruiz-Patiño
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research-FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Oscar Arrieta
- Thoracic Oncology Unit and Personalized Oncology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute (INCan), México City, Mexico
| | - Darwin A Moreno-Pérez
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research-FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Leonardo Rojas
- Thoracic Oncology Unit and Personalized Oncology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute (INCan), México City, Mexico
| | - Zyanya Lucia Zatarain-Barrón
- Thoracic Oncology Unit and Personalized Oncology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute (INCan), México City, Mexico
| | - Dora V Ardila
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research-FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Lucia Viola
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Fundación Neumológica Colombiana-FNC, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Gonzalo Recondo
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clinicas (CEMIC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan B Blaquier
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clinicas (CEMIC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudio Martín
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Alexander Fleming Institute, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luis Raez
- Thoracic Oncology Program, Memorial Cancer Institute, Florida Atlantic University (FAU), Miami, FL, USA
| | - Suraj Samtani
- Medical Oncology Department, Bradford Hill Institute, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Ordóñez-Reyes
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research-FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Luis Corrales
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigación y Manejo del Cáncer-CIMCA, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Carolina Sotelo
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research-FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Mauricio Cuello
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad de la Republica-UdeLAR, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sergio Mejía
- Toracic Oncology Unit, Oncology Department, Cancer Institute, Clínica de las Américas, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Elvira Jaller
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research-FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos Vargas
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research-FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Hernán Carranza
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research-FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jorge Otero
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research-FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Pilar Archila
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research-FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Maritza Bermudez
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research-FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Tatiana Gamez
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research-FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alessandro Russo
- Medical Oncology Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Papardo, Messina, Sicilia, Italy
| | - Umberto Malapelle
- Predictive Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Public Health, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Diego de Miguel Perez
- Thoracic Oncology Center, Tisch Cáncer Center, Mount Sinai Hospital System & Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Helano Freitas
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erick Saldahna
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christian Rolfo
- Thoracic Oncology Center, Tisch Cáncer Center, Mount Sinai Hospital System & Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rafael Rosell
- Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine Program, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP)/Dr. Rosell Oncology Institute (IOR) Quirón-Dexeus University Institute, Barcelona, Spain
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Ramanathan S, Shen N, Kestin L, Balaraman S. The Treatment of a Novel Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)-GRB2 Genetic Mutation Using Osimertinib in Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cureus 2023; 15:e38059. [PMID: 37234142 PMCID: PMC10208280 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have been implicated in nearly one-third of non-small-cell lung cancers. For patients harboring non-traditional mutations, genomic and transcriptomic sequencing can help direct treatment. As cancer genomics evolves, novel driver mutations continue to be uncovered. We report on a unique EGFR-GRB2 fusion in a 48-year-old female never-smoker. This patient presented with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma (T2aN3M1) with metastatic disease in the iliac wing and liver. Despite systemic treatment, this patient continued to progress. On whole transcriptome sequencing, this patient was found to have a novel EGFR-GRB2 RNA fusion transcript similar to other EGFR fusions described in the literature. After treatment with osimertinib, this patient experienced remarkable clinical and radiological improvements. We believe that, especially for patients with metastatic lung cancer, the presence of novel driver mutations should be investigated. Potentially, patients harboring similar mutations may demonstrate analogous improvements with targeted treatment using the most recent generation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Ramanathan
- College of Medicine, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester Hills, USA
| | - Nathan Shen
- Hematology and Oncology, Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, USA
| | | | - Savitha Balaraman
- Hematology and Oncology, Michigan Healthcare Professionals, Royal Oak, USA
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Gijtenbeek RG, Damhuis RA, van der Wekken AJ, Hendriks LE, Groen HJ, van Geffen WH. Overall survival in advanced epidermal growth factor receptor mutated non-small cell lung cancer using different tyrosine kinase inhibitors in The Netherlands: a retrospective, nationwide registry study. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. EUROPE 2023; 27:100592. [PMID: 36817181 PMCID: PMC9932646 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Clinical guidelines advise osimertinib as preferred first line treatment for advanced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with deletions in exon 19 (del19) or exon 21 L858R mutation. However, for first-line osimertinib the real world overall survival (OS) in mutation subgroups remains unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the real-world OS of those patients treated with different generations of EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), and to identify predictors of survival. Methods Using real-world data from the Netherlands Cancer Registry (NCR) we assessed patients diagnosed with stage IV NSCLC with del19 or L858R mutation between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2020, primarily treated with then regularly available TKIs (including osimertinib). Findings Between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2020, 57,592 patients were included in the NCR. Within this cohort we identified 1109 patients, 654 (59%) with del19 and 455 (41%) with L858R mutations, respectively; 230 (21%) patients were diagnosed with baseline brain metastases (BM). Patients were treated with gefitinib (19%, 213/1109), erlotinib (42%, 470/1109), afatinib (15%, 161/1109) or osimertinib (24%, 265/1109). Median OS was superior for del19 versus L858R (28.4 months (95% CI 25.6-30.6) versus 17.7 months (95% CI 16.1-19.5), p < 0.001. In multivariable analysis, no difference in survival was observed between various TKIs in both groups. Only in the subgroup of patients with del19 and baseline BM, a benefit was observed for treatment with osimertinib. Interpretation In this nationwide real-world cohort, survival of Dutch patients with advanced NSCLC and an EGFR del19 mutation was superior versus those harboring an L858R mutation. Osimertinib performed only better as first-line treatment in patients with del19 and BM. Funding None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolof G.P. Gijtenbeek
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Henri Dunantweg 2, 8934 AD, Leeuwarden, Netherlands
| | - Ronald A.M. Damhuis
- Department of Research, Comprehensive Cancer Organization, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Anthonie J. van der Wekken
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Lizza E.L. Hendriks
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Harry J.M. Groen
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Wouter H. van Geffen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Henri Dunantweg 2, 8934 AD, Leeuwarden, Netherlands,Corresponding author. Department of Respiratory Medicine, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Henri Dunantweg 2, 8934 AD Leeuwarden, Netherlands.
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9
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Xiong Y, Bian D, Huang Z, Yu H, Huang J, Zhang P, He W, Liu H. The efficacy of neoadjuvant EGFR-TKI therapy combined with radical surgery for stage IIIB lung adenocarcinoma harboring EGFR mutations: A retrospective analysis based on single center. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1034897. [PMID: 36776292 PMCID: PMC9909294 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1034897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) could provide survival benefits for locally advanced EGFR-mutant (EGFRm) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the role of radical surgery for EGFR-TKI treated stage IIIB EGFRm NSCLC remains controversial. This study attempted to assess the feasibility of neoadjuvant EGFR-TKI followed by radical surgery for stage IIIB EGFRm NSCLC. Patients and Methods Between 2013 and 2020, EGFRm lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients in clinical stage IIIB undergoing neoadjuvant EGFR-TKI followed by surgery (T-S-Arm) and EGFR-TKI alone (T-Arm) were reviewed retrospectively in Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital (SPH). The chi-square test, Student's t-test or Fisher's exact test was performed for analysis of baseline characteristics. Progression-free survival (PFS) was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier analysis. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of progression. Results A total of 43 patients were divided into T-S-Arm (n = 21) and T-Arm (n = 22). Patients were well-balanced between the two arms. The majority of patients were female (n = 25, 58.1%), non-smokers (n = 35, 81.4%), first-generation of EGFR-TKI treatment (n = 39, 90.7%), and exon 19 deletions (19-DEL) (n = 26, 60.5%). The median diagnostic age was 63.0 years [interquartile range (IQR), 54.0-67.5 years). At the cut-off date with June 30th 2022, median follow-up time was 28 months (IQR, 20-39 months). Neoadjuvant EGFR-TKI treatment followed by radical surgery could significantly improve the median PFS compared with patients underwent EGFR-TKI alone (23.0 months vs 14.5 months, P = 0.002). Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that radical surgery (T-S-Arm vs. T-Arm, HR: 0.406; 95% CI: 0.207-0.793, P = 0.027) was the only independent predictor for disease progression. The stratified analysis demonstrated patients with N2 disease could benefit from radical surgery (HR, 0.258; 95% CI, 0.107-0.618), especially for patients harboring L858R mutation (HR, 0.188; 95% CI, 0.059-0.604). Conclusions For stage IIIB EGFRm NSCLC patients, the prognosis might be improved by neoadjuvant EGFR-TKI followed by radical surgery versus EGFR-TKI alone, especially for those with N2 disease and harboring L858R mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Xiong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongliang Bian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhida Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Medical Graduate School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Huansha Yu
- Department of Animal Experiment Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Hongcheng Liu, ; Wenxin He, ; Peng Zhang,
| | - Wenxin He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Hongcheng Liu, ; Wenxin He, ; Peng Zhang,
| | - Hongcheng Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Hongcheng Liu, ; Wenxin He, ; Peng Zhang,
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10
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An L, Wang Y, Wu G, Wang Z, Shi Z, Liu C, Wang C, Yi M, Niu C, Duan S, Li X, Tang W, Wu K, Chen S, Xu H. Defining the sensitivity landscape of EGFR variants to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Transl Res 2022; 255:14-25. [PMID: 36347492 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) is a standard treatment for patients with NSCLC harboring constitutively active epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. However, most rare EGFR mutations lack treatment regimens except for the well-studied ones. We constructed two EGFR variant libraries containing substitutions, deletions, or insertions using the saturation mutagenesis method. All the variants were located in the EGFR mutation hotspot (exons 18-21). The sensitivity of these variants to afatinib, erlotinib, gefitinib, icotinib, and osimertinib was systematically studied by determining their enrichment in massively parallel cytotoxicity assays using an endogenous EGFR-depleted cell line. A total of 3914 and 70,475 variants were detected in the constructed EGFR Substitution-Deletion (Sub-Del) and exon 20 Insertion (Ins) libraries. Of the 3914 Sub-Del variants, 221 proliferated fast in the control assay and were sensitive to EGFR-TKIs. For the 70,475 Ins variants, insertions at amino acid positions 770-774 were highly enriched in all 5 TKI cytotoxicity assays. Moreover, the top 5% of the enriched insertion variants included a glycine or serine insertion at high frequency. We present a comprehensive reference for the sensitivity of EGFR variants to five commonly used TKIs. The approach used here should be applicable to other genes and targeted drugs. BACKGROUND: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) therapy is a standard treatment for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) when activating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations are detected. However, except for the well-studied EGFR mutations, most EGFR mutations lack treatment regimens. TRANSLATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE: The results demonstrated that patients with rare EGFR mutations were most likely to benefit from osimertinib therapy compared to afatinib, erlotinib, gefitinib, or icotinib therapy. This study provides a case of deep mutational scanning that simultaneously assayed substitution, deletion, and insertion variants. This approach is applicable for other oncogenes and targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei An
- Translational Medicine Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | | | - Guangyao Wu
- Translational Medicine Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- Translational Medicine Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Zeyuan Shi
- Translational Medicine Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Chunli Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Ming Yi
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chenguang Niu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Resources Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Shaofeng Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Translational Medicine Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Wenxue Tang
- Precision Medicine Center, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; The Research and Application Center of Precision Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Kongming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shuqing Chen
- Shenzhen Typhoon HealthCare, Shenzhen 518000, China.
| | - Hongen Xu
- Precision Medicine Center, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; The Research and Application Center of Precision Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
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11
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Stephan-Falkenau S, Streubel A, Mairinger T, Kollmeier J, Misch D, Thiel S, Bauer T, Pfannschmidt J, Hollmann M, Wessolly M, Blum TG. Landscape of Genomic Alterations and PD-L1 Expression in Early-Stage Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)-A Single Center, Retrospective Observational Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12511. [PMID: 36293366 PMCID: PMC9604339 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Precision oncology and immunotherapy have revolutionized the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Emerging studies show that targeted therapies are also beneficial for patients with driver alterations such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in early-stage NSCLC (stages I-IIIA). Furthermore, patients with elevated programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression appear to respond favorably to adjuvant immunotherapy. To determine the frequency of genomic alterations and PD-L1 status in early-stage NSCLC, we retrospectively analyzed data from 2066 unselected, single-center patients with NSCLC diagnosed using next-generation sequencing and immunohistochemistry. Nine-hundred and sixty-two patients (46.9%) presented with early-stage NSCLC. Of these, 37.0% had genomic alterations for which targeted therapies have already been approved for advanced NSCLC. The frequencies of driver mutations in the early stages were equivalent to those in advanced stages, i.e., the rates of EGFR mutations in adenocarcinomas were 12.7% (72/567) and 12.0% (78/650) in early and advanced NSCLC, respectively (p = 0778). In addition, 46.3% of early-stage NSCLC cases were PD-L1-positive, with a tumor proportion score (TPS) of ≥1%. With comparable frequencies of driver mutations in early and advanced NSCLC and PD-L1 overexpression in nearly half of patients with early-stage NSCLC, a broad spectrum of biomarkers for adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapies is available, and several are currently being investigated in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Stephan-Falkenau
- Institute for Tissue Diagnostics, MVZ at Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, 14165 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Streubel
- Institute for Tissue Diagnostics, MVZ at Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, 14165 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Mairinger
- Institute for Tissue Diagnostics, MVZ at Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, 14165 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Kollmeier
- Department of Pneumology, Heckeshorn Lung Clinic, Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, 14165 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Misch
- Department of Pneumology, Heckeshorn Lung Clinic, Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, 14165 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Thiel
- Department of Pneumology, Heckeshorn Lung Clinic, Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, 14165 Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Bauer
- Department of Pneumology, Heckeshorn Lung Clinic, Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, 14165 Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Pfannschmidt
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Heckeshorn Lung Clinic, Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, 14165 Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuel Hollmann
- Institute for Tissue Diagnostics, MVZ at Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, 14165 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Wessolly
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Torsten Gerriet Blum
- Department of Pneumology, Heckeshorn Lung Clinic, Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, 14165 Berlin, Germany
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12
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The prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer patients according to endobronchial metastatic lesion. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13588. [PMID: 35948652 PMCID: PMC9365769 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17918-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients according to endobronchial metastatic lesion (EML), especially those not identified on positron emission tomography or computed tomography. We evaluated progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) according to the presence of EML in patients with NSCLC who were diagnosed at a tertiary hospital between January 2010 and December 2019. A total of 364 patients were enrolled in this study. EML was found in 69 (19.0%) patients with NSCLC. In the patients with EML versus the patients without EML, median PFS was 7.0 (3.5–13.5) and 9.5 (5.5–17.5) months (P = 0.011), and median OS was 12.0 (6.0–30.0) versus 20.0 (10.0–39.0) months (P = 0.016), respectively. Median PFS and OS rates were highest in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) (+) and EML (−) patients and lowest in EGFR (−) and EML (+) patients (P < 0.001). By multivariate cox regression analysis, PFS in overall patients with NSCLC was significantly associated with EML, EGFR mutation, performance status, and pleural effusion. NSCLC patients with EML had worse prognoses of PFS and OS than patients without EML.
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13
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Overall Survival Benefits of First-Line Treatments for Asian Patients with Advanced Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Mutated NSCLC Harboring Exon 19 Deletion: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143362. [PMID: 35884423 PMCID: PMC9316403 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Survival benefits and clinical responsiveness have been exhibited by various generations of EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in numerous randomized-controlled trials for EGFR-mutated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) over the past two decades. However, the efficacy, especially long-term overall survival (OS) for Asians harboring an exon 19 deletion (19del) in their NSCLC, remains uncertain. This systematic review and network meta-analysis evaluate the efficacy of all first-line treatments in Asian patients with advanced EGFR-mutated NSCLC harboring 19del. EGFR-TKIs and combination treatments demonstrated no OS benefits in comparison with standard chemotherapy treatments, although progression-free survival (PFS) benefits were revealed. Erlotinib plus bevacizumab, ramucirumab plus erlotinib, and osimertinib are the optimal regimens to prolong PFS for Asians with 19del. Further studies are warranted to investigate the resistance mechanisms and possible strategies for individuals harboring this common mutation. Abstract (1) Background: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have explored various primary treatments for individuals diagnosed as having later-stage epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer. Nevertheless, the extent to which such treatments are efficacious, particularly with regard to overall survival (OS) rates of patients from Asia with exon 19 deletion (19del), has yet to be clarified. (2) Methods: A systematic review and frequentist network meta-analysis were conducted by obtaining pertinent studies from PubMed/MEDLINE Ovid, Embase, Cochrane Library, and trial registries, as well as various other sources. RCTs in which two or multiple treatments in the primary setting for patients from Asia with EGFR 19del were compared were included. This research has been recorded in the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD 42022320833). (3) Results: A total of 2715 patients from Asia participated in 18 trials in which 12 different treatments were administered, which included: EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) (osimertinib, dacomitinib, afatinib, erlotinib, gefitinib, and icotinib), pemetrexed-based chemotherapy, pemetrexed-free chemotherapy, and combination treatments (gefitinib plus apatinib, erlotinib plus ramucirumab, erlotinib plus bevacizumab, and gefitinib plus pemetrexed-based chemotherapy). Such treatments were not significantly beneficial in terms of OS for patients from Asia who had 19del. It was demonstrated that erlotinib plus bevacizumab, ramucirumab plus erlotinib, and osimertinib consistently yielded the greatest benefits regarding progression-free survival benefit (P-scores = 94%, 84%, and 80%, respectively). Combination treatments resulted in increased toxicity, particularly gefitinib plus apatinib and erlotinib plus bevacizumab, causing the highest prevalence of grade ≥ 3 adverse events. Icotinib and osimertinib had the fewest grade ≥ 3 adverse events. Specific treatments were associated with a wide range of toxicity levels. (4) Conclusions: In patients from Asia with 19del, both EGFR-TKIs and treatments in which therapies were combined exhibited no OS benefits in comparison with standard chemotherapy treatments. Additional research is required to study TKIs’ resistance mechanisms and possible combined approaches for individuals harboring this common mutation.
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14
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Lawal B, Wu ATH, Huang HS. Leveraging Bulk and Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Data of NSCLC Tumor Microenvironment and Therapeutic Potential of NLOC-15A, A Novel Multi-Target Small Molecule. Front Immunol 2022; 13:872470. [PMID: 35655775 PMCID: PMC9152008 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.872470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer poses a serious threat to human health and has recently been tagged the most common malignant disease with the highest incidence and mortality rate. Although epidermal growth factor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have significantly improved the prognosis of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with EGFR mutations, patients often develop resistance to these drugs. There is therefore a need to identify new drug candidates with multitarget potential for treating NSCLC. We hereby provide preclinical evidence of the therapeutic efficacy of NLOC-015A a multitarget small-molecule inhibitor of EGFR/mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase 1 (MAP2K1)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) for the treatment NSCLC. Our multi-omics analysis of clinical data from cohorts of NSCLC revealed that dysregulation of EGFR/MAP2K1/mTOR/YAP1 signaling pathways was associated with the progression, therapeutic resistance, immune-invasive phenotypes, and worse prognoses of NSCLC patients. Analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing datasets revealed that MAP2K1, mTOR, YAP1 and EGFR were predominantly located on monocytes/macrophages, Treg and exhaustive CD8 T cell, and are involved in M2 polarization within the TME of patients with primary and metastatic NSCLC which further implied gene’s role in remodeling the tumor immune microenvironment. A molecular-docking analysis revealed that NLOC-015A bound to YAP1, EGFR, MAP kinase/extracellular signal-related kinase kinase 1 (MEK1), and mTOR with strong binding efficacies ranging –8.4 to –9.50 kcal/mol. Interestingly, compared to osimertinib, NLOC-015 bound with higher efficacy to the tyrosine kinase (TK) domains of both T790M and T790M/C797S mutant-bearing EGFR. Our in vitro studies and sequencing analysis revealed that NLOC-015A inhibited the proliferation and oncogenic phenotypes of NSCLC cell lines with concomitant downregulation of expression levels of mTOR, EGFR, YAP1, and MEK1 signaling network. We, therefore, suggest that NLOC-015A might represent a new candidate for treating NSCLC via acting as a multitarget inhibitor of EGFR, mTOR/NF-κB, YAP1, MEK1 in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashir Lawal
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Alexander T H Wu
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,The PhD Program of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Clinical Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Shan Huang
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,PhD Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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15
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Chan SK, Choi HCW, Lee VHF. Overall Survival Benefits of First-Line Treatments for Asian Patients With Advanced EGFR-Mutated NSCLC Harboring L858R Mutation: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. JTO Clin Res Rep 2022; 3:100322. [PMID: 35516725 PMCID: PMC9065903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtocrr.2022.100322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Randomized controlled trials have investigated different first-line treatments for patients with advanced EGFR-mutated NSCLC. Nevertheless, their efficacy, in particular, the long-term overall survival (OS) benefit in Asian patients with L858R mutation, remains unclear. Methods We performed a systematic review and frequentist network meta-analysis by retrieving relevant literature from PubMed/MEDLINE, Ovid, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, trial registries, and other sources. We included randomized controlled trials comparing two or more treatments in the first-line setting for Asian patients with L858R mutation. This study was registered in the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD 42022295897). Results There were a total of 18 trials that involved 1852 Asian patients and 12 treatments, including the following: EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) (osimertinib, dacomitinib, afatinib, erlotinib, gefitinib, and icotinib), pemetrexed-based chemotherapy, pemetrexed-free chemotherapy, and combination treatments (gefitinib plus apatinib, erlotinib plus ramucirumab, erlotinib plus bevacizumab and gefitinib plus pemetrexed-based chemotherapy). Asian patients with L858R mutation had no significant OS benefits from all these treatments. Gefitinib plus pemetrexed-based chemotherapy, dacomitinib, osimertinib, and erlotinib plus bevacizumab were found to be consistent in yielding the best progression-free survival benefit (p scores = 93%, 79%, 77%, and 70%). Combination treatments caused more toxicity, especially erlotinib plus bevacizumab and gefitinib plus pemetrexed-based chemotherapy, resulting in the greatest incidence of grade greater than or equal to 3 adverse events. Conclusions In Asian patients harboring L858R mutation, EGFR TKIs and combination treatments had no OS benefit when compared with conventional chemotherapies. Further studies are warranted to investigate the resistance mechanism with TKIs and potential combination strategies in patients with this common but less favorable mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sik-Kwan Chan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Horace Cheuk-Wai Choi
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Victor Ho-Fun Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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16
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Delgado Sillero I, Lopetegui Lia N, Sánchez Cousido LF, Rojas Piedra M, Távara Silva B, Garrido Onecha ML, Medina Valdivieso S, Alonso Horcajo N, Díez Tascón C, López González A, Castañón López C, Pedraza Lorenzo M, García Palomo A, Martín V, Diz Tain P. EGFR-mutated advanced lung cancer. Data from a single institution, the Hospital of Leon, in Spain. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2022:10781552221085253. [PMID: 35306915 DOI: 10.1177/10781552221085253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION 10-16% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases have the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) amplified and/or mutated. Studies show that EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) significantly prolong progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with advanced NSCLC compared to those treated with platinum-based chemotherapy (CT) doublets. Our aim is to perform a real-world survival analysis of patients treated with TKI as first-line therapy at the Hospital of Leon (CAULE) in Spain. The impact on global survival rates and responses to clinical and histopathological factors were also analyzed. MATERIAL AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed patients diagnosed with EGFR-mutated NSCLC who received treatment with EGFR-TKI in the Department of Oncology at the University of Leon Health Center complex between March 2011 and June 2018. Data was analyzed with Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression models to show overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and the associated variables. RESULTS 53 patients were included in the study, 50% (n = 27) were treated with gefitinib, 32% (n = 18) with erlotinib and 10% (n = 6) with afatinib. The median OS and PFS were 27.7 months (95% CI: 21-33.8 months) and 18 months (95% CI 14.25-21.89 months), respectively. The variables associated with OS and with PFS were exon19 deletion as a protective factor and presence of extrathoracic metastasis as a risk factor. The most frequent adverse effects were rash, diarrhea, asthenia, and conjunctivitis. CONCLUSIONS Real-world analysis of this data confirms that treatment with TKI is beneficial for patients diagnosed with EGFR-mutated NSCLC. Our OS outcomes were similar to those reported in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Delgado Sillero
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Leon Health Center complex, Leon, Spain
| | - Nerea Lopetegui Lia
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland OH, USA
| | | | - Mariam Rojas Piedra
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Leon Health Center complex, Leon, Spain
| | - Blanca Távara Silva
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Leon Health Center complex, Leon, Spain
| | | | | | - Nieves Alonso Horcajo
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, 21654University of Leon Health Center complex, Leon, Spain
| | - Cristina Díez Tascón
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, 21654University of Leon Health Center complex, Leon, Spain
| | - Ana López González
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Leon Health Center complex, Leon, Spain
| | - Carmen Castañón López
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Leon Health Center complex, Leon, Spain
| | | | - Andrés García Palomo
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Leon Health Center complex, Leon, Spain
| | | | - Pilar Diz Tain
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Leon Health Center complex, Leon, Spain
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17
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Marrett E, Kwong WJ, Chow LQ. Factors associated with time to EGFR TKI treatment in patients with non-squamous metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer. Future Oncol 2022; 18:1535-1544. [PMID: 35147043 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-1452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Assess factors associated with EGFR TKI initiation among patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (mNSCLC). Patients & methods: Medicare Part D patients diagnosed with non-squamous mNSCLC and starting an EGFR TKI within 1 year of diagnosis were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database. Associations between patient characteristics and time from diagnosis to treatment initiation (time to treatment [TTT]) were analyzed. Results: Among the sample (n = 890), the patients who were younger, Black or from rural communities had significantly longer TTT. Patients who did not receive surgery, who were Asian and those with brain metastases had significantly shorter TTT. Conclusion: Patient demographics and clinical characteristics may affect timeliness of EGFR TKI treatment for mNSCLC. Future research should examine potential barriers to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Marrett
- Health Economics & Outcomes Research, Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Basking Ridge, NJ 07920, USA
| | | | - Laura Qm Chow
- University of Texas at Austin, Dell Medical School, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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18
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Methyltransferase like 7B is a potential therapeutic target for reversing EGFR-TKIs resistance in lung adenocarcinoma. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:43. [PMID: 35144642 PMCID: PMC8830004 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01519-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of potential novel targets for reversing resistance to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) holds great promise for the treatment of relapsed lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). In the present study, we aim to investigate the role of methyltransferase-like 7B (METTL7B) in inducing EGFR-TKIs resistance in LUAD and whether it could be a therapeutic target for reversing the resistance. METHODS METTL7B-overexpressed LUAD cell lines, gefitinib and osimertinib-resistant Cell-Derived tumor Xenograft (CDX) and Patient-Derived tumor Xenograft (PDX) mouse models were employed to evaluate the role of METTL7B in TKIs resistance. Ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS/MS) was used to identify the metabolites regulated by METTL7B. Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation (MeRIP)-qPCR analysis was performed to measure the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) status of mRNA of METTL7B targeted genes. Gold nanocluster-assisted delivery of siRNA targeting METTL7B (GNC-siMETTL7B) was applied to evaluate the effect of METTL7B in TKIs resistance. RESULTS Increased expression of METTL7B was found in TKIs-resistant LUAD cells and overexpression of METTL7B in LUAD cells induced TKIs resistance both in vitro and in vivo. Activated ROS-metabolism was identified in METTL7B-overexpressed LUAD cells, accompanied with upregulated protein level of GPX4, HMOX1 and SOD1 and their enzymatic activities. Globally elevated m6A levels were found in METTL7B-overexpressed LUAD cells, which was reduced by knock-down of METTL7B. METTL7B induced m6A modification of GPX4, HMOX1 and SOD1 mRNA. Knock-down of METTL7B by siRNA re-sensitized LUAD cells to gefitinib and osimertinib both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS This study uncovered a new critical link in METTL7B, glutathione metabolism and drug resistance. Our findings demonstrated that METTL7B inhibitors could be used for reversing TKIs resistance in LUAD patients.
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19
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Chen S, Fu A, Lu Y, Lu W, Chen Y, Hong S, Zhou S, Xiang T, Zhang Z, Cai Y. Investigating the genomic alteration improved the clinical outcome of aged patients with lung carcinoma. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:55. [PMID: 35031014 PMCID: PMC8760649 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08289-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung carcinoma is a common geriatric disease. The development of genotype-targeted therapies greatly improved the management of lung carcinoma. However, the treatment for old patients can be more complex than that for young individuals. RESULTS To investigate the benefits of genetic detection for older patients with lung carcinoma, we explored the genomic profiling of 258 patients with more than 55 years using a targeted next generation sequencing, and some of these patients were treated with targeted therapies based on the results of genomic detection. KRAS codon 61 mutations were found in 15.2% KRAS-mutated patients, which tend to be co-existing with other classical activating mutations other than codons 12/13. Acquired EGFR C797S mutations were identified in 2 cases and ERBB2 amplification was identified in 1 case. All these 3 cases developed resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors and showed expected results of their followed therapies. The median progression-free survival and median overall survival of patients treated with molecular targeted therapies were better than those of patients treated with chemoradiotherapy alone. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed the specific genomic profiles of patients older than 55 years with lung carcinoma and suggested that these old patients have been benefit from the genetic detection, which helped identify druggable mutations and distinguish resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixian Chen
- Medical Oncology Department V, Guangdong Nongken Central Hospital, Zhanjiang, 524002, China
| | - Aizhen Fu
- Gynecology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Medical Oncology Department V, Guangdong Nongken Central Hospital, Zhanjiang, 524002, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Medical Oncology Department V, Guangdong Nongken Central Hospital, Zhanjiang, 524002, China
| | - Yongfeng Chen
- Medical Oncology Department V, Guangdong Nongken Central Hospital, Zhanjiang, 524002, China
| | - Shuiqiang Hong
- Medical Oncology Department V, Guangdong Nongken Central Hospital, Zhanjiang, 524002, China
| | - Suli Zhou
- Medical Oncology Department V, Guangdong Nongken Central Hospital, Zhanjiang, 524002, China
| | | | | | - Yongguang Cai
- Medical Oncology Department V, Guangdong Nongken Central Hospital, Zhanjiang, 524002, China.
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Taslimi S, Brar K, Ellenbogen Y, Deng J, Hou W, Moraes FY, Glantz M, Zacharia BE, Tan A, Ahluwalia MS, Khasraw M, Zadeh G, Mansouri A. Comparative Efficacy of Systemic Agents for Brain Metastases From Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer With an EGFR Mutation/ALK Rearrangement: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:739765. [PMID: 34950579 PMCID: PMC8691653 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.739765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain metastases (BM) from non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are frequent and carry significant morbidity, and current management options include varying local and systemic therapies. Here, we performed a systematic review and network meta-analysis to determine the ideal treatment regimen for NSCLC BMs with targetable EGFR-mutations/ALK-rearrangements. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, CENTRAL and references of key studies for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from inception until June 2020. Comparative RCTs including ≥10 patients were selected. We used a frequentist random-effects model for network meta-analysis (NMA) and assessed the certainty of evidence using the GRADE approach. Our primary outcome of interest was intracranial progression-free survival (iPFS). RESULTS We included 24 studies representing 19 trials with 1623 total patients. Targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) significantly improved iPFS, with second-and third- generation TKIs showing the greatest benefit (HR=0.25, 95%CI 0.15-0.40). Overall PFS was also improved compared to conventional chemotherapy (HR=0.47, 95%CI 0.36-0.61). In EGFR-mutant patients, osimertinib showed the greatest benefit in iPFS (HR=0.32, 95%CI 0.15-0.69) compared to conventional chemotherapy, while gefitinib + chemotherapy showed the greatest overall PFS benefit (HR=0.26, 95%CI 0.10-0.70). All ALKi improved overall PFS compared to conventional chemotherapy, with alectinib having the greatest benefit (HR=0.13, 95%CI 0.07-0.24). CONCLUSIONS In patients with NSCLC BMs and EGFR/ALK mutations, targeted TKIs improve intracranial and overall PFS compared to conventional modalities such as chemotherapy, with greater efficacy seen using newer generations of TKIs. This data is important for treatment selection and patient counseling, and highlights areas for future RCT research. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=179060.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shervin Taslimi
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Karanbir Brar
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yosef Ellenbogen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Jiawen Deng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Winston Hou
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Fabio Y. Moraes
- Department of Oncology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Glantz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State Health, Hershey, PA, United States
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Brad E. Zacharia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State Health, Hershey, PA, United States
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Aaron Tan
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Manmeet S. Ahluwalia
- Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Mustafa Khasraw
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Gelareh Zadeh
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Alireza Mansouri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State Health, Hershey, PA, United States
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA, United States
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21
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Trends in kinase drug discovery: targets, indications and inhibitor design. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2021; 20:839-861. [PMID: 34354255 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-021-00252-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The FDA approval of imatinib in 2001 was a breakthrough in molecularly targeted cancer therapy and heralded the emergence of kinase inhibitors as a key drug class in the oncology area and beyond. Twenty years on, this article analyses the landscape of approved and investigational therapies that target kinases and trends within it, including the most popular targets of kinase inhibitors and their expanding range of indications. There are currently 71 small-molecule kinase inhibitors (SMKIs) approved by the FDA and an additional 16 SMKIs approved by other regulatory agencies. Although oncology is still the predominant area for their application, there have been important approvals for indications such as rheumatoid arthritis, and one-third of the SMKIs in clinical development address disorders beyond oncology. Information on clinical trials of SMKIs reveals that approximately 110 novel kinases are currently being explored as targets, which together with the approximately 45 targets of approved kinase inhibitors represent only about 30% of the human kinome, indicating that there are still substantial unexplored opportunities for this drug class. We also discuss trends in kinase inhibitor design, including the development of allosteric and covalent inhibitors, bifunctional inhibitors and chemical degraders.
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22
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Hendriks LEL, van Meerbeeck J, Cadranel J. Targeted adjuvant therapy in non-small cell lung cancer: trick or treat? Eur Respir J 2021; 58:58/4/2101637. [PMID: 34711606 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01637-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lizza E L Hendriks
- Dept of Pulmonary Diseases, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan van Meerbeeck
- Dept of Thoracic Oncology, CORE- Antwerp University Hospital and Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jacques Cadranel
- Dept of Pulmonology and Thoracic Oncology, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon and GRC 04 Theranoscan, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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23
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Huang YH, Hsu KH, Chin CS, Tseng JS, Yang TY, Chen KC, Su KY, Yu SL, Chen JJW, Chang GC. The Clinical Outcomes of Different First-Line EGFR-TKIs plus Bevacizumab in Advanced EGFR-mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res Treat 2021; 54:434-444. [PMID: 34352999 PMCID: PMC9016311 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2021.671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of various epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)–tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) plus bevacizumab in advanced EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma patients. Materials and Methods From August 2016 to October 2020, we enrolled advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients harboring exon 19 deletion or L858R receiving gefitinib, erlotinib and afatinib plus bevacizumab as the first-line treatment for the purposes of analysis. Results A total of 36 patients were included in the final analysis. Three patients received gefitinib, 17 received erlotinib, and 16 received afatinib combined with bevacizumab as the first-line treatment. The objective response rate was 77.8%, and disease control rate was 94.4%. The overall median progression-free survival (PFS) was 16.4 months, while the median PFS was 17.1 months in patients with exon 19 deletion, and 16.2 months in patients with L858R mutation (p=0.311). Regarding the use of different EGFR-TKIs, the median PFS was 17.1 months in the erlotinib group and 21.6 months in the afatinib group (p=0.617). In patients with brain metastasis at baseline, the median PFS was 18.9 months in the erlotinib group and 16.4 months in the afatinib group (p=0.747). Amongst patients harboring exon 19 deletion, the median PFS was 16.2 months in the erlotinib group and not-reached in the afatinib group (p=0.141). In patients with L858R mutation, the median PFS was 18.9 months in the erlotinib group and 16.2 months in the afatinib group (p=0.481). Conclusion Our research demonstrates that not only erlotinib combined with bevacizumab, but also afatinib plus bevacizumab as first-line treatment, provides solid clinical efficacy in advanced EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Hsiang Huang
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsuan Hsu
- Division of Critical Care and Respiratory Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Shih Chin
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Sen Tseng
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ying Yang
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Chieh Chen
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Yi Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Liang Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center of Genomic and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei,Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jeremy J W Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Gee-Chen Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Long-Term Survival of Over 6 Years with Afatinib Sequential Treatment in a Patient with EGFR Mutation-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Case Report. Clin Drug Investig 2021; 41:483-488. [PMID: 33861418 PMCID: PMC8149342 DOI: 10.1007/s40261-021-01025-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Wu Q, Luo W, Li W, Wang T, Huang L, Xu F. First-Generation EGFR-TKI Plus Chemotherapy Versus EGFR-TKI Alone as First-Line Treatment in Advanced NSCLC With EGFR Activating Mutation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Front Oncol 2021; 11:598265. [PMID: 33928022 PMCID: PMC8076535 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.598265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate efficacy and toxicity of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) in combination with chemotherapy (CT) compared to EGFR-TKI monotherapy as first-line treatment in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring activating EGFR mutation. METHODS A systematic literature search of randomized controlled trials using Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science, was performed up to Jan. 7th, 2020. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated as effect values for progress-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Risk ratio (RR) and Odds ratio (OR) were calculated as effect values for objective response rate (ORR) and toxicity, respectively. RESULTS A total of eight randomized trials involving 1,349 advanced NSCLC patients with sensitive EGFR mutation were included in the meta-analysis. All patients in both groups received first-generation TKI as first-line treatment. The pooled HR of PFS and OS was 0.56 (95% CI = 0.50-0.64; P <0.00001) and 0.70 (95% CI = 0.54-0.90; P = 0.005), respectively. Subgroup analysis showed significantly higher OS advantages in patients receiving doublet CT (P = 0.02) and concurrent therapy (P = 0.002). The ORR in the EGFR-TKI plus CT group was significantly higher than in the EGFR-TKI monotherapy group (RR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.10-1.26). The combination regimen showed a higher incidence of chemotherapy-induced toxicities. Subgroup analysis indicated that doublet chemotherapy rather than single-agent chemotherapy significantly increased incidence of grade 3 or higher leukopenia, neutropenia and anemia. CONCLUSIONS Compared with EGFR-TKI monotherapy, the combination of first-generation EGFR-TKI and CT, especially when applying concurrent delivery of platinum-based doublet chemotherapeutic drugs, significantly improve ORR and prolong PFS and OS in first-line treatment for advanced EGFR-mutated NSCLC. Although increasing incidence of chemotherapy-induced toxicities occurs in the combination group, it is well tolerated and clinically manageable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wu
- Lung Cancer Center & Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wuxia Luo
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu First People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen Li
- Lung Cancer Center & Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Lung Cancer Center & Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Lung Cancer Center & Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Lung Cancer Center & Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Su PL, Chen CW, Wu YL, Lin CC, Su WC. First-line treatment with irreversible tyrosine kinase inhibitors associated with longer OS in EGFR mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer. Thorac Cancer 2020; 12:287-296. [PMID: 33336895 PMCID: PMC7862787 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Few studies have compared the efficacy of the irreversible epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR‐TKI), afatinib, with that of reversible EGFR‐TKIs. Therefore, this study assessed the effectiveness of afatinib, erlotinib, and gefitinib in terms of OS (overall survival) and progression‐free survival (PFS) in EGFR mutation‐positive advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Methods Patients with EGFR mutation‐positive advanced NSCLC who sought treatment from December 2013 to June 2018, at a tertiary referral center were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were treated with afatinib or a reversible EGFR‐TKI (erlotinib or gefitinib) until disease progression, intolerable adverse events, or death. The Kaplan‐Meier and log‐rank tests were then used to compare the OS and PFS of the patients. We further analyzed the survival differences among the subgroup of patients without brain metastases. Results Of the 363 patients enrolled, 134 and 229 received first‐line afatinib and first‐line reversible EGFR‐TKI, respectively. Those given afatinib had better OS (39.3 vs. 26.0 months; HR 0.65, P = 0.033) and PFS (14.1 vs.11.2 months; HR 0.58, P < 0.001). Of the 246 patients without brain metastases, 93 and 153 received first‐line afatinib and a first‐line reversible EGFR‐TKI, respectively. Those given afatinib had a better OS (52.6 vs. 24.9 months; HR 0.62, P = 0.0030) and PFS (17.7 vs. 11.1 months; HR 0.51, P < 0.001). The survival benefit was more significant in the subgroup of patients with L858R substitutions. Conclusions The results indicated that afatnib resulted in significantly better OS and PFS than gefitnib and erlotinib for EGFR mutation‐positive advanced NSCLC patients without brain metastases. Key points Significant findings of the study Afatnib resulted in significantly better overall survival and progression‐free survival than gefitnib and erlotinib for EGFR mutation‐positive advanced non‐small cell lung cancer patients without brain metastases. What this study adds This study helps fill the gap in our limited understanding of the differences in the efficacy of the irreversible epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR‐TKI), afatinib, with that of reversible EGFR‐TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Lan Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chian-Wei Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Wu
- Department of Nursing, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chung Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chou Su
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
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27
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Wang X, Li X, Guo H, Zhu L, Peng Z, Wang J, Yang F, Guo Y. Highly Sensitive Droplet Digital PCR Method for Detection of de novo EGFR T790M Mutation in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:10621-10630. [PMID: 33116639 PMCID: PMC7588301 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s267677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the allelic relation between de novo T790M and concomitant sensitizing EGFR mutations in EGFR-TKIs naïve NSCLCs and to explore whether the formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) materials affect the detection of de novo EGFR T790M mutation. Methods Specimens of 300 consecutive EGFR-TKI naïve NSCLCs who received surgical resection between January 2016 and June 2018 were retrospectively investigated. All the snap-frozen tumor tissues from 300 NSCLCs were screened by droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) for the detection of de novo T790M mutation. The allelic relation between de novo T790M mutation and concomitant sensitizing EGFR mutations was also investigated. Furthermore, we assessed de novo T790M mutation in paired FFPE specimens of 50 patients which included tumor tissues and paired normal lung tissues of the pretreatment NSCLCs to investigate whether FFPE materials affect the detection of de novo T790M mutation. Results The de novo T790M mutation was observed in four patients which included one patient of single de novo T790M mutation and three patients of de novo T790M mutation coexisting with L858R mutation. The incidence of de novo T790M in pretreatment NSCLCs who harboring EGFR mutations was 2.9% (4/139). All the de novo T790M mutations were detected in cis with the concomitant L858R mutations for the three NSCLCs. Our ddPCR method demonstrated that the frequency of de novo T790M mutation was ranging from 0.1% to 0.5% among 90% (45/50) of the FFPE tumor samples and 92% (46/50) of the paired FFPE adjacent normal lung samples. The frequency of de novo T790M mutation in the paired snap-frozen samples was all below 0.1%. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that most de novo T790M mutations were detected in cis with concomitant sensitizing mutations for pretreatment NSCLCs. Analytical cut-off of ddPCR assay for FFPE specimens should be validated carefully considering the possibility of FFPE-derived artificial gene mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifa Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingxiang Zhu
- National Research Institute for Health and Family Planning, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Peng
- TargetingOne Corporation, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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Hao X, Zhu Y, Mu Y, Wang S, Li J, Xing P. Nab-paclitaxel in combination with Bevacizumab in patients with non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer after failure of at least one prior systemic regimen. J Cancer 2020; 11:6421-6428. [PMID: 33033525 PMCID: PMC7532494 DOI: 10.7150/jca.47072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Most patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) experience disease progression after first-line treatment. The efficacy and safety of the nab-paclitaxel (nab-PTX) and bevacizumab combination as the second or further line of treatment in patients with advanced NSCLC have not been reported yet. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the nab-PTX and bevacizumab combination in patients with advanced non-squamous (NSQ) NSCLC after failure of at least one prior systemic regimen. Methods: Patients with advanced (stage IV) NSQ NSCLC who received the nab-PTX and bevacizumab combination as the second or further line treatment between February 2012 and December 2018 at the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (Beijing, China) were included in this retrospective study. The main outcomes included the objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety. Results: Thirty-four patients received 1-27 cycles (median, four cycles) of treatment; 67.6% (23/34) patients had undergone at least two lines of previous treatment. The ORR and disease control rates were 26.5% (9/34) and 82.4% (28/34), respectively. The median PFS and OS were 6.0 (95% CI=2.9-7.2) and 11.0 (95% CI=7.8-18.7) months, respectively. The multivariable analyses indicated that the combined use of other drugs and pleural metastasis were respectively associated with better PFS (hazard ratio=0.354, 95% CI=0.134-0.935, P=0.036) and OS (hazard ratio=0.540, 95% CI=0.118-0.980, P=0.046). The most frequent grade 3-4 adverse events (AEs) were neutropenia 20.6% (7/34), leukopenia 8.8% (3/34), and anemia 5.9% (2/34). No grade 5 AE occurred. Conclusion: Combined nab-PTX and bevacizumab might be an effective treatment regimen for patients with advanced NSQ NSCLC after failure of at least one prior systemic regimen, but studies have to validate those findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhi Hao
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center For Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yixiang Zhu
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center For Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Province Tumor Hospital, Guiyang, P.R. China
| | - Yuxin Mu
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center For Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Shouzheng Wang
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center For Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Junling Li
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center For Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Puyuan Xing
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center For Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
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Li WQ, Cui JW. Non-small cell lung cancer patients with ex19del or exon 21 L858R mutation: distinct mechanisms, different efficacies to treatments. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 146:2329-2338. [PMID: 32596787 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03296-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
With the development of antitumor therapies, different treatment methods including monotherapy and combined therapy have achieved clinical efficacy in advanced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Exon 19 deletion (ex19del) and exon 21 L858R mutation are common sensitive subtypes of EGFR mutation. However, potential distinct mechanisms are found from several dimensions including molecular structures, biological behaviors, concomitant mutations, resistance mechanisms and tumor mutation burdens. More evidence indicates the prognostic difference of EGFR subgroups. This review focused on the progress of potential distinct mechanisms and outcomes in clinical trials of advanced NSCLC patients with ex19del or exon 21 L858R mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-Q Li
- Department of Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - J-W Cui
- Department of Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
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30
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Harvey RD, Adams VR, Beardslee T, Medina P. Afatinib for the treatment of EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC: A review of clinical findings. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2020; 26:1461-1474. [PMID: 32567494 PMCID: PMC7448811 DOI: 10.1177/1078155220931926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors represent the standard of care in patients with EGFR mutation-positive (EGFRm+) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The availability of several EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors approved for use in the first-line or later settings in NSCLC warrants an in-depth understanding of the pharmacological properties of, and clinical data supporting, these agents. The second-generation, irreversible ErbB-family blocker, afatinib, has been extensively studied in the context of EGFRm+ NSCLC. Results from the LUX-Lung 3 and 6 studies showed that afatinib was more active and better tolerated than chemotherapy in patients with tumors harboring EGFR mutations. Subanalysis of these trials, along with real-world data, indicates that afatinib is active in patients with certain uncommon EGFR mutations (S768I/G719X/L861Q) as well as common mutations (Del19/L858R), and in patients with active brain metastases. In LUX-Lung 7, a head-to-head phase IIb trial, afatinib improved progression-free survival and time-to-treatment failure versus the first-generation reversible EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, gefitinib, albeit with a higher incidence of serious treatment-related adverse events. Nevertheless, afatinib is generally well tolerated, and adverse events are manageable through supportive care and a well-defined tolerability-guided dose adjustment scheme. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of the pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of afatinib, discuss treatment sequencing strategies following emergence of different resistance mechanisms, and shed light on the economic impact of afatinib. We also provide a comparison of afatinib with the available EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors and discuss its position within treatment strategies for patients with EGFRm+ NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Donald Harvey
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Val R Adams
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, USA
| | | | - Patrick Medina
- College of Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, USA
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31
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Rajurkar S, Mambetsariev I, Pharaon R, Leach B, Tan T, Kulkarni P, Salgia R. Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer from Genomics to Therapeutics: A Framework for Community Practice Integration to Arrive at Personalized Therapy Strategies. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E1870. [PMID: 32549358 PMCID: PMC7356243 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a heterogeneous disease, and therapeutic management has advanced with the identification of various key oncogenic mutations that promote lung cancer tumorigenesis. Subsequent studies have developed targeted therapies against these oncogenes in the hope of personalizing therapy based on the molecular genomics of the tumor. This review presents approved treatments against actionable mutations in NSCLC as well as promising targets and therapies. We also discuss the current status of molecular testing practices in community oncology sites that would help to direct oncologists in lung cancer decision-making. We propose a collaborative framework between community practice and academic sites that can help improve the utilization of personalized strategies in the community, through incorporation of increased testing rates, virtual molecular tumor boards, vendor-based oncology clinical pathways, and an academic-type singular electronic health record system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ravi Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (S.R.); (I.M.); (R.P.); (B.L.); (T.T.); (P.K.)
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32
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Whi W, Ha S, Bae S, Choi H, Paeng JC, Cheon GJ, Kang KW, Lee DS. Relationship of EGFR Mutation to Glucose Metabolic Activity and Asphericity of Metabolic Tumor Volume in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020; 54:175-182. [PMID: 32831963 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-020-00646-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose EGFR-mutation (EGFR-mt) is a major oncogenic driver mutation in lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) and is more often observed in Asian population. In lung ADC, some radiomics parameters of FDG PET have been reported to be associated with EGFR-mt. Here, the associations between EGFR-mt and PET parameters, particularly asphericity (ASP), were evaluated in Asian population. Methods Lung ADC patients who underwent curative surgical resection as the first treatment were retrospectively enrolled. EGFR mutation was defined as exon 19 deletion and exon 21 point mutation and was evaluated using surgical specimens. On FDG PET, image parameters of maximal standardized uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), and ASP were obtained. The parameters were compared between EGFR-mt and wild type (EGFR-wt) groups, and the relationships between these PET parameters and EGFR-mt were evaluated. Results A total of 64 patients (median age 66 years, M:F = 34:30) were included in the analysis, and 29 (45%) patients showed EGFR-mt. In EGFR-mt group, all the image parameters of SUVmax, MTV, TLG, and ASP were significantly lower than in EGFR-wt group (all adjusted P < 0.050). In univariable logistic regression, SUVmax (P = 0.003) and ASP (P = 0.010) were significant determinants for EGFR-mt, whereas MTV was not (P = 0.690). Multivariate analysis revealed that SUVmax and ASP are independent determinants for EGFR-mt, regardless of inclusion of MTV in the analysis (P < 0.05). Conclusion In Asian NSCLC/ADC patients, SUVmax, MTV, and ASP on FDG PET are significantly related to EGFR mutation status. Particularly, low SUVmax and ASP are independent determinants for EGFR-mt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonseok Whi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 South Korea.,Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seunggyun Ha
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 South Korea.,Division of Nuclear Medicine Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591 South Korea
| | - Sungwoo Bae
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 South Korea.,Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hongyoon Choi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 South Korea
| | - Jin Chul Paeng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 South Korea
| | - Gi Jeong Cheon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 South Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 South Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Soo Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 South Korea
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Long non-coding RNA ATB promotes human non-small cell lung cancer proliferation and metastasis by suppressing miR-141-3p. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229118. [PMID: 32092085 PMCID: PMC7039450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNA activated by transforming growth factor-β (lncRNA-ATB) plays a critical role in progression of several cancers. In this study, lncRNA-ATB was significantly up-regulated in NSCLC tissues and cell lines, and high lncRNA-ATB expression indicated poor prognosis. Knockdown of lncRNA-ATB suppressed NSCLC cell growth, colony formation, migration, invasion and reversed epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In vivo study showed that silencing lncRNA-ATB inhibited tumor growth. Further mechanism studies demonstrated that lncRNA-ATB was a target of miR-141-3p. MiR-141-3p expression was negatively related to lncRNA-ATB expression in NSCLC tissues. These results suggested that inhibiting lncRNA-ATB might be an approach for NSCLC treatment.
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34
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Koyama N, Aoshiba K, Nakamura H. Serum C-Reactive Protein Level Predicts Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Harboring EGFR Mutations. Cancer Invest 2020; 38:122-129. [PMID: 31985315 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2020.1721522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the association of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels with outcomes in 81 patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients with high serum CRP levels had lower therapeutic responses to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (43.8%), and shorter time to treatment failure (TTF; 5.8 months) and overall survival (OS; 14.2 months) than those with low CRP levels. In multivariate analysis, serum CRP level was associated with TTF (hazard ratio [HR] 4.86) and OS (HR 49.42). High serum CRP levels may predict poor outcomes in patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Koyama
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazutetsu Aoshiba
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ibaraki, Japan
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35
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Liu J, Zhao YQ, Han X, Hu XF, Wu HB, Chen LJ, Song YP. Correlation between pre-treatment serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels and genotypes in a large population of Chinese people with advanced lung adenocarcinoma. Intern Med J 2020; 49:634-643. [PMID: 30379408 DOI: 10.1111/imj.14152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A positive correlation between serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations has been reported in lung adenocarcinoma patients. AIM To investigate retrospectively whether serum CEA levels are also associated with genotypes in a large population of advanced lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS A large cohort of 701 patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma was studied retrospectively. RESULTS EGFR mutations were found in 47.5% (333/701) of advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients, being identified at high frequencies in never-smokers, females, and in patients with abnormal pre-treatment serum CEA levels (53.1% vs 37.5%, P < 0.001). In contrast, anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene rearrangements were found in 7.8% (55/701) of patients, being identified at high frequencies in younger patients, and in patients with normal CEA levels (11.5% vs 5.8%, P = 0.012). Serum CEA levels were divided into four groups: <5, 5-19, 20-99 and ≥100 ng/mL. The rate of EGFR mutations significantly increased as the serum CEA levels increased (37.5%, 49.5%, 53.9% and 57.7%, respectively, P < 0.001). Anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene rearrangements showed the opposite result (11.5%, 7.1%, 5.7% and 4.1%, respectively, P = 0.044). A multivariate analysis revealed that higher pre-treatment serum CEA levels were independently associated with EGFR mutations (95% CI: 1.291-2.487, P < 0.001), but normal serum CEA levels were independently associated with anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene rearrangements (95% CI: 0.275-0.842, P = 0.010). CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that a significant association exists between the serum CEA levels and genotypes in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan-Qiu Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Feng Hu
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hong-Bo Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li-Juan Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yong-Ping Song
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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36
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Shah R, Lester JF. Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of EGFR Mutation-Positive Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Clash of the Generations. Clin Lung Cancer 2019; 21:e216-e228. [PMID: 32014348 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The availability of 3 generations of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) with different pharmacologic characteristics and clinical profiles has provided oncologists with a potentially confusing choice for the treatment of EGFR mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer. Although recent head-to-head clinical trials have demonstrated improved efficacy with second-generation (ie, afatinib, dacomitinib) and third-generation (ie, osimertinib) TKIs compared with the first-generation TKIs (eg, erlotinib, gefitinib), acquired resistance has been inevitable, regardless of which agent has been chosen as first-line therapy. Thus, the potential availability of subsequent treatment options is an important consideration. Recent data have demonstrated that osimertinib confers an overall survival benefit compared with first-generation EGFR TKIs, and dacomitinib has shown an overall survival benefit compared with gefitinib in an exploratory analysis. However, the relative benefits of different sequential EGFR-TKI regimens, especially those involving second- and third-generation agents, have remained uncertain and require prospective evaluation. Few such data currently exist to inform treatment choices. In the present review, we examined the pharmacologic characteristics and current clinical data for EGFR TKIs, including emerging information on the molecular mechanisms of resistance across the different generations of TKIs. Given the uncertainties regarding the optimal treatment choice, we have focused on the factors that might help determine the treatment decisions, such as efficacy and safety in patient subgroups. We also discussed the emerging real-world data, which have provided some insights into the benefits of sequential regimens in everyday clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyaz Shah
- Kent Oncology Centre, Maidstone Hospital, Kent, UK.
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37
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Nakano Y, Isobe K, Kobayashi H, Kaburaki K, Isshiki T, Sakamoto S, Takai Y, Tochigi N, Mikami T, Iyoda A, Homma S, Kishi K. Clinical importance of long non‑coding RNA LINC00460 expression in EGFR‑mutant lung adenocarcinoma. Int J Oncol 2019; 56:243-257. [PMID: 31789388 PMCID: PMC6910175 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to be involved in the physiological and pathological processes of tumor pathogenesis, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) resistance is a major challenge in the treatment of advanced and recurrent EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma. An increased understanding of the underlying mechanisms would aid in the development of effective therapeutic strategies against EGFR-TKI resistance, strategies which are urgently required for clinical therapy. In this study, long non-coding RNA LINC00460 was identified as a novel marker of a poor response to EGFR-TKI and prognosis. In lung cancer cells, LINC00460 promoted EGFR-TKI resistance as a competitive decoy for miR-149-5p, thereby facilitating interleukin (IL)-6 expression and inducing EMT-like phenotypes. The knockdown or knockout of LINC00460 in gefitinib-resistant non-small cell lung cancer cells restored the response to EGFR-TKI. In addition, as compared with patients with a low LINC00460 expression in tumors, those with a high LINC00460 expression had a significantly shorter progression-free survival following gefitinib therapy, and a shorter overall survival. Therefore, LINC00460 may be a predictor of and potential therapeutic target for EGFR-TKI resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Nakano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo 143‑8541, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Isobe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo 143‑8541, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo 143‑8541, Japan
| | - Kyohei Kaburaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo 143‑8541, Japan
| | - Takuma Isshiki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo 143‑8541, Japan
| | - Susumu Sakamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo 143‑8541, Japan
| | - Yujiro Takai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo 143‑8541, Japan
| | - Naobumi Tochigi
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo 143‑8541, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Mikami
- Department of Pathology, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo 143‑8541, Japan
| | - Akira Iyoda
- Department of Chest Surgery, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo 143‑8541, Japan
| | - Sakae Homma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo 143‑8541, Japan
| | - Kazuma Kishi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo 143‑8541, Japan
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38
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Jiang SX, Walton RN, Hueniken K, Baek J, McCartney A, Labbé C, Smith E, Chan SWS, Chen R, Brown C, Patel D, Liang M, Eng L, Sacher A, Bradbury P, Leighl NB, Shepherd FA, Xu W, Liu G, Hurry M, O'Kane GM. Real-world health utility scores and toxicities to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in epidermal growth factor receptor mutated advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Med 2019; 8:7542-7555. [PMID: 31650705 PMCID: PMC6912023 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the treatment landscape in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFRm) continues to evolve, real-world health utility scores (HUS) become increasingly important for economic analyses. METHODS In an observational cohort study, questionnaires were completed in EGFRm NSCLC outpatients, to include demographics, EQ-5D-based HUS and patient-reported toxicity and symptoms. Clinical and radiologic characteristics together with outcomes were extracted from chart review. The impact of health states, treatment type, toxicities, and clinical variables on HUS were evaluated. RESULTS Between 2014 and 2018, a total of 260 patients completed 994 encounters. Across treatment groups, patients with disease progression had lower HUS compared to controlled disease (0.771 vs 0.803; P = .01). Patients predominantly received gefitinib as the first-line EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) (n = 157, mean-HUS = 0.798), whereas osimertinib (n = 62, mean-HUS = 0.806) and chemotherapy (n = 38, mean-HUS = 0.721) were more likely used in subsequent treatment lines. In longitudinal analysis, TKIs retained high HUS (>0.78) compared to chemotherapy (HUS < 0.74). There were no differences between the frequency or severity of toxicity scores in patients receiving gefitinib compared to osimertinib; however, TKI therapy resulted in fewer toxicities than chemotherapy (P < .05), with the exception of worse diarrhea and skin rash (P < .001). Severity in toxicities inversely correlated with HUS (P < .001). Clinico-demographic factors significantly affecting HUS included age, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Score (ECOG PS), disease state, treatment group, and metastatic burden. CONCLUSIONS In a real-world EGFRm population, patients treated with gefitinib or osimertinib had similar HUS and toxicities, scores which were superior to chemotherapy. Health utility scores inversely correlated with patient-reported toxicity scores. In the era of targeted therapies, future economic analyses should incorporate real-world HUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Xue Jiang
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Katrina Hueniken
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Justine Baek
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alexandra McCartney
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Catherine Labbé
- Insitut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Elliot Smith
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sze Wah Samuel Chan
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - RuiQi Chen
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Catherine Brown
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Devalben Patel
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mindy Liang
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lawson Eng
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adrian Sacher
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Penelope Bradbury
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Natasha B Leighl
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Frances A Shepherd
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wei Xu
- Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Grainne M O'Kane
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Franek J, Cappelleri JC, Larkin-Kaiser KA, Wilner KD, Sandin R. Systematic review and network meta-analysis of first-line therapy for advanced EGFR-positive non-small-cell lung cancer. Future Oncol 2019; 15:2857-2871. [PMID: 31298572 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2019-0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we compare the relative clinical efficacy of EGFR-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR TKIs) for EGFR-positive advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The authors systematically searched 11 electronic databases from January 2004 to August 2018 for randomized controlled trials measuring clinical efficacy of first-line TKI therapies. Clinical efficacy outcomes included overall survival and progression-free survival. Bayesian network meta-analysis was used to assess the relative efficacy of first-line EGFR TKIs for overall survival and progression-free survival. This network meta-analysis showed that dacomitinib and osimertinib resulted in improved efficacy outcomes compared with afatinib, erlotinib and gefitinib. Both osimertinib and dacomitinib should be considered as standard first-line treatment options for patients diagnosed with advanced EGFR-positive non-small-cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Franek
- Medlior Health Outcomes Research Ltd, Calgary, Alberta, T2C 5P9, Canada
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40
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Van Haele M, Vander Borght S, Ceulemans A, Wieërs M, Metsu S, Sagaert X, Weynand B. Rapid clinical mutational testing of KRAS, BRAF and EGFR: a prospective comparative analysis of the Idylla technique with high-throughput next-generation sequencing. J Clin Pathol 2019; 73:35-41. [PMID: 31296605 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2019-205970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Precision medicine therapy is remodelling the diagnostic landscape of cancer. The success of these new therapies is often based on the presence or absence of a specific mutation in a tumour. The Idylla platform is designed to determine the mutational status of a tumour as quickly and accurately as possible, as a rapid, accurate diagnosis is of the utmost importance for the treatment of patients. This is the first complete prospective study to investigate the robustness of the Idylla platform for EGFR, KRAS and BRAF mutations in non-small cell lung cancer, metastatic colorectal cancer and metastatic melanoma, respectively. METHODS We compared prospectively the Idylla platform with the results we obtained from parallel high-throughput next-generation sequencing, which is the current gold standard for mutational testing. Furthermore, we evaluated the benefits and disadvantages of the Idylla platform in clinical practice. Additionally, we reviewed all the published Idylla performance articles. RESULTS There was an overall agreement of 100%, 94% and 94% between the next-generation panel and the Idylla BRAF, KRAS and EGFR mutation test. Two interesting discordant findings among 48 cases were observed and will be discussed together with the advantages and shortcoming of both techniques. CONCLUSION Our observations demonstrate that the Idylla cartridge for the EGFR, KRAS and BRAF mutations is highly accurate, rapid and has a limited hands-on time compared with next-generation sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Van Haele
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium .,Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - An Ceulemans
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michiel Wieërs
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Xavier Sagaert
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Birgit Weynand
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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41
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Jiang H, Zhu M, Li Y, Li Q. Association between EGFR exon 19 or exon 21 mutations and survival rates after first-line EGFR-TKI treatment in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 2019; 11:301-308. [PMID: 31384460 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2019.1881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) is the first-line treatment for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who have an EGFR mutation. However, little has been reported about the association between EGFR exon 19 deletions or an exon 21 mutation (specifically the L858R point mutation) and survival rates following first-line EGFR-TKI treatment in patients with NSCLC. As a retrospective study, 72 patients with stage IIIB/IV NSCLC carrying EGFR mutations (exon 19 deletions or an exon 21 mutation) were enrolled between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2013, and all of the patients received first-line EGFR-TKI treatment. The associations between EGFR mutation status or clinical characteristics and response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS) or overall survival (OS) were analyzed. Patients with exon 19 deletions (37 cases) had a higher ORR (75.7 vs. 51.4%; P=0.032), disease control rate (DCR; 89.2 vs. 68.6%; P=0.031), modified median PFS (13.2 vs. 10.8 months; P=0.030) and OS (30.2 vs. 25.6 months; P=0.030) compared with those with an exon 21 mutation (35 cases). Cox multivariate analysis indicated that sex, histological type and smoking history were key factors that affected PFS and OS. Mutations status was associated with PFS, but not OS. Following EGFR-TKI therapy, a better ORR, DCR, PFS and OS was observed in patients with EGFR deletions in exon 19 compared with those with an exon 21 mutation. The EGFR mutation status of patients with non-small cell lung cancer may therefore predict the efficacy and prognosis of EGFR-TKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Mei Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Yanfang Li
- Department of Oncology, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Oncology, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
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42
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Lau SC, Chooback N, Ho C, Melosky B. Outcome Differences Between First- and Second-generation EGFR Inhibitors in Advanced EGFR Mutated NSCLC in a Large Population-based Cohort. Clin Lung Cancer 2019; 20:e576-e583. [PMID: 31178389 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Second-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) appear superior to first-generation TKIs in clinical trials, but at the cost of greater toxicity. It is unclear whether real-world patients, who often suffer worse outcomes, experience similar survival benefits. Using population-based data, we aim to characterize outcome differences by type of treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS We reviewed all patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer who initiated treatment with an EGFR TKI at BC Cancer between 2010 and 2015. A propensity score was generated to account for imbalances in patient characteristics between treatment groups. A Cox proportional hazards model based on the propensity score was then used to estimate effects of treatment on survival. RESULTS A total of 484 patients were identified for analysis. Patients in the second-generation cohort were younger (62 vs. 67 years), had less baseline central nervous system metastases (9% vs. 22%), and more uncommon EGFR mutations (13% vs. 7%). Patients receiving a second-generation TKI had an improved overall survival (hazard ratio, 0.69; P = .05), driven by the subgroup with an EGFR exon 19 deletion. Patients with a L858R mutation did not appear to derive benefit from a second-generation TKI (hazard ratio, 0.91; P = .74). Overall, 40% of patients receiving a second-generation TKI required a dose reduction, but only 1% required discontinuation. CONCLUSIONS Second-generation TKIs tended to be chosen over first-generation TKIs as frontline therapy in younger patients with uncommon EGFR mutations and without central nervous system metastases. The survival benefit of a second-generation TKI seen in clinical trials appeared to be generalizable to real-world patients and is a reasonable first-line therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally C Lau
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Negar Chooback
- Cancer Centre of Southeastern Ontario at Kingston General Hospital, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cheryl Ho
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Barbara Melosky
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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43
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Sheela DL, Narayanankutty A, Nazeem PA, Raghavamenon AC, Muthangaparambil SR. Lauric acid induce cell death in colon cancer cells mediated by the epidermal growth factor receptor downregulation: An in silico and in vitro study. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 38:753-761. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327119839185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Coconut oil (CO) is enriched with medium chain saturated fatty acids like lauric acid (LA), capric acid and caprylic acid, which are known to have several health benefits. LA, the predominant fatty acid in CO, is reported to possess anticancer activity mediated through oxidative stress-induced apoptosis; however, there is no clear information on its cellular signalling mechanism. The present study screened the anticancer potential of various fatty acids present in CO (capric acid, caprylic acid and LA) using in silico tools such as CDOCKER in Accelrys Discovery Studio by targeting proteins like epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), cyclin-dependent kinase and thymidine synthase (TS). The results were further confirmed using cell culture-based studies and quantitative PCR. Among the tested compounds, LA was found to be the most active and showed a higher affinity towards EGFR and TS. Corroborating with these results, LA-induced dose-dependent cytotoxicity towards HCT-15 (human colon cancer), HepG2 (human hepatocellular carcinoma) and Raw 264.7 (murine macrophages) cells exhibiting morphological characteristics of apoptosis. Further, in HCT-15 cells exposed to LA (30 and 50 µg/mL), the expression of EGFR was found to be downregulated by 1.33- and 1.58-fold. The study thus concludes that the anticancer activity of LA may be partially mediated by the downregulation of EGFR signalling and consequent reduction in cell viability through apoptosis. Since EGFR signalling is crucial in cancer cell survival and is a prime target in drug development, the present study has pharmacological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- DL Sheela
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Kerala, India
| | - A Narayanankutty
- Department of Biochemistry, Amala Cancer Research Centre (Recognized Centre of University of Calicut), Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - PA Nazeem
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Kerala, India
| | - AC Raghavamenon
- Department of Biochemistry, Amala Cancer Research Centre (Recognized Centre of University of Calicut), Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - SR Muthangaparambil
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Kerala, India
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44
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Vendrell JA, Mazieres J, Senal R, Rouquette I, Quantin X, Pujol JL, Roch B, Bouidioua A, Godreuil S, Coyaud E, Brousset P, Solassol J. Ultra-sensitive EGFR T790M Detection as an Independent Prognostic Marker for Lung Cancer Patients Harboring EGFR del19 Mutations and Treated with First-generation TKIs. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:4280-4289. [PMID: 30936123 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-2683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The detection of preexisting EGFR T790M subclones and the assessment of their clinical significance in the pretreatment of patients with EGFR T790M non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain unclear. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A total of 179 tumor samples from patients treated or not with a first-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) was analyzed. The presence of ultra-low levels of preexisting EGFRT790M mutation was evaluated using ultra-sensitive droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) and the clinical implication of these mutations on first-generation TKI efficiency assessed. RESULTS With a ddPCR linear performance of 0.999 and an analytical sensitivity of approximately 0.001%, we observed a 66% (99/150) overall incidence of ultra-low EGFR T790M mutation. Among 82 patients harboring EGFR activating mutations, the presence of a preexisting EGFR T790M mutation prior to any treatment was significantly associated with a longer progression-free survival (PFS; P = 0.009; log-rank test). Interestingly, longer PFS was linked to concomitant EGFR del19 and ultra-low EGFR T790M mutations. Moreover, the presence of both EGFR del19 and ultra-low EGFR T790M mutations was identified as the best fit for predicting the clinical outcome of patients treated with TKI compared with an ultra-low EGFR T790M mutation status or an activating mutation alone (P = 0.042 and P = 0.0071, respectively). CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that the detection of the ultra-low EGFR T790M mutation in TKI-naïve patients is not a rare event. We suggest that ddPCR should be used in clinical practice to distinguish patients who may respond to first- or third-generation TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Vendrell
- Département de Pathologie et Oncobiologie, Laboratoire de Biologie des Tumeurs Solides, CHU Montpellier, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Julien Mazieres
- Département d'Oncologie Thoracique, Hôpital Larrey, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Romain Senal
- Laboratoire de Biopathologie, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Rouquette
- Laboratoire de Pathologie Moléculaire, Institut Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse Oncopôle, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Xavier Quantin
- Département d'Oncologie Médicale, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Louis Pujol
- Département d'Oncologie Thoracique, CHU Montpellier, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Benoit Roch
- Département d'Oncologie Thoracique, CHU Montpellier, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Abdelali Bouidioua
- Département de Pathologie et Oncobiologie, Laboratoire de Biologie des Tumeurs Solides, CHU Montpellier, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvain Godreuil
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, CHU Montpellier, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,UMR MIVEGEC IRD-CNRS-Université de Montpellier, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Etienne Coyaud
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Pierre Brousset
- Laboratoire de Pathologie Moléculaire, Institut Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse Oncopôle, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire d'excellence Labex TOUCAN, Toulouse, France
| | - Jérôme Solassol
- Département de Pathologie et Oncobiologie, Laboratoire de Biologie des Tumeurs Solides, CHU Montpellier, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France. .,IRCM, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, ICM, Montpellier, France
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45
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Iijima M, Yokobori T, Mogi A, Shimizu K, Yajima T, Kosaka T, Ohtaki Y, Obayashi K, Nakazawa S, Gombodorj N, Tsukagoshi M, Shirabe K, Kuwano H. Genetic and Immunohistochemical Studies Investigating the Histogenesis of Neuroendocrine and Carcinomatous Components of Combined Neuroendocrine Carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2019; 26:1744-1750. [DOI: 10.1245/s10434-019-07268-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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46
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Shi J, Yang Y, Zhao Y, Zhu J, Song X, Jiang G. EGFR mutations are significantly associated with visceral pleural invasion development in non-small-cell lung cancer patients. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:1945-1957. [PMID: 30881120 PMCID: PMC6402433 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s195747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives A retrospective study was performed to investigate the association between EGFR mutations and visceral pleural invasion (VPI), and evaluate the prognostic value of EGFR in resected non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with VPI. Materials and methods Clinicopathological characteristics and follow-up information were collected from 508 consecutive patients with surgically resected stage I–III NSCLC, and EGFR mutations were detected based on real-time PCR technology. Significant results (P<0.05) from univariate logistic regression analysis were involved as covariates to adjust confounding factors in the analysis of independent factors. Results VPI and EGFR mutations were detected in 229 (45.1%) and 243 (47.8%) cases in NSCLC, respectively. There was a significant association between EGFR mutations and VPI development. Both 19-del (adjusted OR =2.13, 95%CI =1.13–3.99, P=0.019) and L858R (adjusted OR =2.89, 95%CI =1.59–5.29, P=0.001) could significantly increase the risk of VPI development compared with EGFR wild-type. Higher frequency of L858R (adjusted OR =2.63, 95%CI =1.42–4.88, P=0.002) was detected in VPI patients compared with non-VPI patients. 19-del (adjusted HR =0.31, 95%CI =0.12–0.80, P=0.015) was an independent prognostic factor for a better disease-free survival (DFS) in non-VPI patients. No significant association was shown between EGFR mutations and DFS in VPI patients. Conclusion EGFR mutations were significantly associated with VPI development in NSCLC, but no significant association was observed between EGFR mutations and DFS in the patients with VPI. 19-del was a favorable prognostic factor for DFS in non-VPI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghan Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China, ;
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China, ;
| | - Yanfeng Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China, ;
| | - Junjie Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China, ;
| | - Xiao Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China, ;
| | - Gening Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China, ;
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47
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Zablockis R, Žurauskas E, Danila E, Gruslys V. Prognostic Value of Thyroid Transcription Factor-1 Expression in Patients with Advanced Lung Adenocarcinoma. In Vivo 2019; 32:1571-1579. [PMID: 30348718 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The prognostic role of thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF1) in advanced lung cancer is not clearly established. The present study aimed to evaluate the associations between clinicopathological characteristics, TTF1 expression, and overall survival (OS) of patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and seventy-two patients were enrolled in this retrospective study. OS was assessed according to immunohistochemical TTF1 expression in lung adenocarcinoma tissue, age, gender, performance status (PS), smoking history and status, disease stage, tumor differentiation, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment status. RESULTS The OS time was longer (p<0.001) for patients with TTF1 expression than for patients without TTF1 expression (13.0 vs. 5.0 months, respectively). A multivariate analysis confirmed that worse PS [hazard ratio (HR)=2.13, p<0.001], poor histological differentiation (HR=2.02, p=0.001), wild-type EGFR status (HR=3.08, p<0.001) and negative TTF1 expression (HR=1.97, p=0.001) were independent predictors of worse prognosis. CONCLUSION TTF1 expression is an independent predictor of survival of patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolandas Zablockis
- Clinic of Chest Diseases, Immunology and Allergology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania .,Centre of Pulmonology and Allergology, Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius University Hospital, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Edvardas Žurauskas
- Department of Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.,National Centre of Pathology, Affiliate of Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius University Hospital, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Edvardas Danila
- Clinic of Chest Diseases, Immunology and Allergology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Centre of Pulmonology and Allergology, Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius University Hospital, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vygantas Gruslys
- Clinic of Chest Diseases, Immunology and Allergology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Centre of Pulmonology and Allergology, Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius University Hospital, Vilnius, Lithuania
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48
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Shibata M, Hoque MO. Development of biomarkers for real precision medicine. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2018; 7:S228-S231. [PMID: 30393609 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2018.08.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Shibata
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Urology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mohammad Obaidul Hoque
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Urology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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49
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Bunn
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora
| | - Dara L Aisner
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora
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50
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Joo JW, Hong MH, Shim HS. Clinical characteristics of T790M-positive lung adenocarcinoma after resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors with an emphasis on brain metastasis and survival. Lung Cancer 2018; 121:12-17. [PMID: 29858020 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of lung adenocarcinomas with acquired EGFR T790M mutation focusing on brain metastasis and survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our study included patients who had lung adenocarcinoma harboring EGFR mutation at 1st biopsy and then underwent 2nd biopsy after resistance to first- or second-generation epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). Statistical analyses were performed to examine the associations between clinicopathologic features of lung adenocarcinoma and presence of acquired T790M mutation. RESULTS A total of 111 patients were identified. Of these, 58 patients (52.3%) had acquired T790M mutations. Osimertinib was used in 29 patients (26.1%) after resistance to first- or second-generation TKIs. The T790M mutation was more frequently found in patients with exon 19 deletion than in those with L858R mutations (p = .026) and in patients who had longer treatment duration with EGFR-TKI (p = .0398). Multivariate analysis revealed that exon 19 deletion (p = .003) were independently associated with T790M mutation. Patients with acquired T790M mutation showed a longer progression-free survival. In addition, patients who had T790M mutation or who received osimertinib treatment had a longer overall and post-progression survival than patients who did not. Brain metastasis-free survival was also longer in the T790M-positive group or osimertinib-treated group among patients who had no brain metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Osimertinib treatment was independently associated with longer overall, post-progression, and brain metastasis-free survival. CONCLUSION The status of acquired T790M mutation was correlated with exon 19 deletion and longer progression-free survival to first- or second-generation EGFR-TKIs. A third-generation EGFR-TKI, osimertinib, was strongly associated with brain metastasis-free survival as well as other survival indicators in patients with EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Woo Joo
- Department of Pathology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hee Hong
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Sup Shim
- Department of Pathology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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