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Inhibition of interferon-signalling halts cancer-associated fibroblast-dependent protection of breast cancer cells from chemotherapy. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:1110-1120. [PMID: 33398063 PMCID: PMC7960738 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01226-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) have poor prognoses despite aggressive treatment with cytotoxic chemotherapy. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are prominent in tumour stroma. Our hypothesis was that CAFs modulate chemotherapy sensitivity. METHODS TNBC cells and breast fibroblasts were cultured; survival after chemotherapeutics was assessed using luciferase or clonogenic assays. Signalling was investigated using transcriptomics, reporters, recombinant proteins and blocking antibodies. Clinical relevance was investigated using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Breast CAFs dose-dependently protected TNBC cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-157, but not MDA-MB-468s, from chemotherapy. CAF-induced protection was associated with interferon (IFN) activation. CAFs were induced to express IFNβ1 by chemotherapy and TNBC co-culture, leading to paracrine activation in cancer cells. Recombinant IFNs were sufficient to protect MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-157 but not MDA-MB-468 cells. In TNBC patients, IFNβ1 expression in CAFs correlated with cancer cell expression of MX1, a marker of activated IFN signalling. High expression of IFNβ1 (CAFs) or MX1 (tumour cells) correlated with reduced survival after chemotherapy, especially in claudin-low tumours (which MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-157 cells represent). Antibodies that block IFN receptors reduced CAF-dependent chemoprotection. CONCLUSIONS CAF-induced activation of IFN signalling in claudin-low TNBCs results in chemoresistance. Inhibition of this pathway represents a novel method to improve breast cancer outcomes.
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Impact of Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factors on Breast Cancer: Still Much to Investigate. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071984. [PMID: 32708122 PMCID: PMC7409344 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast carcinoma (BC) remains one of the most serious health problems. It is a heterogeneous entity, and mainly classified according to receptor status for estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR) and egf (HER2/Neu), as well as the proliferation marker ki67. Gene expression in eukaryotes is regulated at the level of both gene transcription and translation, where eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are key regulators of protein biosynthesis. Aberrant translation results in an altered cellular proteome, and this clearly effects cell growth supporting tumorigenesis. The relationship between various eIFs and BC entities, as well as the related regulatory mechanisms, has meanwhile become a focus of scientific interest. Here, we give an overview on the current research state of eIF function, focusing on BC.
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Duso BA, Trapani D, Marra A, D'Amico P, Guerini Rocco E, Fusco N, Mazzarella L, Criscitiello C, Esposito A, Curigliano G. Pharmacological management of male breast cancer. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2020; 21:1493-1504. [PMID: 32496137 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2020.1763305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite its rarity, male breast cancer shows a steadily rising incidence. Given the absence of ad hoc prospective randomized clinical trials, treatment strategies are based on extrapolation from female breast cancer recommendations or solely on population-based data. AREAS COVERED This review discusses the current treatment landscape for male breast cancer in the adjuvant and in the metastatic setting. The authors also discuss the biology and genomic landscape of male breast cancer. Original research and review articles, relative to the period 2010-2019, were included in the review of the literature. EXPERT OPINION There is a major medical need to include male patients with breast cancer in prospective clinical trials. The call to equality in breast cancer care can be pursued via two divergent paths: (i) a gender-neutral delivery of breast cancer information and (ii) the creation of separate sections, for the more common female breast cancer and for the rare male ones. We propose to differentiate male breast cancer care, acknowledging unique onco-sexual and social needs that can be only partially shared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno A Duso
- Division of Early Drug Development, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS , Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Milan , Milan, Italy.,Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS , Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Trapani
- Division of Early Drug Development, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS , Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Marra
- Division of Early Drug Development, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS , Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Milan , Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo D'Amico
- Division of Early Drug Development, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS , Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Milan , Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Guerini Rocco
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Milan , Milan, Italy.,Division of Pathology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS , Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Fusco
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Milan , Milan, Italy.,Division of Pathology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS , Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Mazzarella
- Division of Early Drug Development, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS , Milan, Italy.,Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS , Milan, Italy
| | - Carmen Criscitiello
- Division of Early Drug Development, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS , Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Esposito
- Division of Early Drug Development, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS , Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- Division of Early Drug Development, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS , Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Milan , Milan, Italy
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4
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Huang CI, Wang CC, Tai TS, Hwang TZ, Yang CC, Hsu CM, Su YC. eIF4E and 4EBP1 are prognostic markers of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma recurrence after definitive surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225537. [PMID: 31756179 PMCID: PMC6874317 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is high risk of metastasis and recurrence in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients, especially for patient who received definitive surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy. Aberrant activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling occurs in approximately 80% of HNSCC, which has been indicated to serve as prognostic biomarkers for patients suffer from recurrence or metastasis. Therefore, in this study, we focus on the relationship between the expression level of signaling factors in PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and recurrence tumor from HNSCC patients. A tissue microarray (TMA) was constructed from 54 cases of HNSCC patients who received definitive surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy, are followed more than 5 years, and with no previous malignancy and synchronous tumor. Slides were scored and dichotomized by two pathologists and scores. Based on the TMA block with IHC staining, the results showed that PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling was highly activated both in recurrence and non-recurrence patients. Particularly, in the recurrence population, the results showed the low expression phospho-eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (p-eIF4E) or high expression eIF4E, phospho-eIF4E binding protein 1 (p-4EBP1), phospho-ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 (p-S6K1) and phospho-40S ribosomal protein S6 (p-S6R) exhibited worse overall survival. The expression level of eIF4E and p-4EBP1 were significantly associated with tumor recurrence and recurrence-free survival. Furthermore, high expression level of eIF4E and p-4EBP1 had worse recurrence-free survival. In conclusion, the expression of eIF4E and p-4EBP1 should be considered as predictive biomarkers for the HNSCC patients. This may contribute to potential predictive biomarkers for HNSCC patient who receive adjuvant radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-I. Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Shyuan Tai
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tzer-Zen Hwang
- Department of Otolaryngology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | - Chin-Mu Hsu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chieh Su
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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5
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Li F, Wang Q, Xiong X, Wang C, Liu X, Liao Z, Li K, Xie B, Lin Y. Expression of 4E-BP1 and phospho-4E-BP1 correlates with the prognosis of patients with clear cell renal carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:1553-1563. [PMID: 29942157 PMCID: PMC6007205 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s158547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) is a key regulator of protein synthesis. Changes in eIF4E activity disproportionally affect the translation of a subset of oncogenic mRNAs in some cancers. Materials and methods We have assessed the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGFC), eIF4E, eIF4E-binding proteins (4E-BPs) and phospho-4E-BP1 in clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC; n=101) using immunohistochemistry and analyzed the relevant mRNA levels and survival using online databases. Results The protein levels of VEGFC, an eIF4E-regulated gene, were upregulated in ccRCC tissues compared with adjacent normal renal tissues, indicating an enhanced eIF4E activity in ccRCC. The expression of eIF4E had no significant changes in ccRCC tissues. However, 4E-BP1 and phospho-4E-BP1 were found to be overexpressed in ccRCC tissues (P<0.05), and the high mRNA and protein levels of 4E-BP1 and phospho-4E-BP1 correlated with an unfavorable clinical outcome in ccRCC patients. Meanwhile, the mRNA expression of PIK3CD and PIK3CG were enhanced in ccRCC. Conclusion From these results, we could infer that the increase in eIF4E activity may be caused by the increased phospho-4E-BP1 level, which was probably due to the activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Department of Pathology, Provincial Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingshui Wang
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxue Xiong
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenyi Wang
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Anxi County Hospital, Anxi, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqiang Liao
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Li
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bifeng Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Lin
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
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Meta-analysis of the prognostic value of p-4EBP1 in human malignancies. Oncotarget 2017; 9:2761-2769. [PMID: 29416809 PMCID: PMC5788677 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylated 4E-binding protein 1 (p-4EBP1) is the inactivated form of 4EBP1, which is a downstream mediator in the mTOR signaling pathway and a vital factor in the synthesis of some oncogenic proteins. This meta-analysis was conducted to assess the predicative value of p-4EBP1 expression in human malignancies. The PubMed and Embase databases were carefully searched. Articles comparing the prognostic worthiness of different p-4EBP1 levels in human malignancies were collected for pooled analyses and methodologically appraised using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). A total of 39 retrospective cohorts with an overall sample size of 3,980 were selected. Patients with lower p-4EBP1 expression had better 3-year (P < 0.00001), 5-year (P < 0.00001), and 10-year (P = 0.03) overall survival and better 3-year (P < 0.0001) and 5-year (P = 0.0005) disease-free survival. Subgroup analyses confirmed the unfavorable prognosis associated with p-4EBP1 overexpression. These findings were further validated by sensitivity analyses. Harbord and Peters tests revealed no publication bias within the included studies. It thus appears higher expression of p-4EBP1 indicates a poor prognosis in human malignancies.
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7
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Bell JB, Eckerdt F, Dhruv HD, Finlay D, Peng S, Kim S, Kroczynska B, Beauchamp EM, Alley K, Clymer J, Goldman S, Cheng SY, James CD, Nakano I, Horbinski C, Mazar AP, Vuori K, Kumthekar P, Raizer J, Berens ME, Platanias LC. Differential Response of Glioma Stem Cells to Arsenic Trioxide Therapy Is Regulated by MNK1 and mRNA Translation. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 16:32-46. [PMID: 29042487 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal (MES) and proneural (PN) are two distinct glioma stem cell (GSC) populations that drive therapeutic resistance in glioblastoma (GBM). We screened a panel of 650 small molecules against patient-derived GBM cells to discover compounds targeting specific GBM subtypes. Arsenic trioxide (ATO), an FDA-approved drug that crosses the blood-brain barrier, was identified as a potent PN-specific compound in the initial screen and follow-up validation studies. Furthermore, MES and PN GSCs exhibited differential sensitivity to ATO. As ATO has been shown to activate the MAPK-interacting kinase 1 (MNK1)-eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) pathway and subsequent mRNA translation in a negative regulatory feedback manner, the mechanistic role of ATO resistance in MES GBM was explored. In GBM cells, ATO-activated translation initiation cellular events via the MNK1-eIF4E signaling axis. Furthermore, resistance to ATO in intracranial PDX tumors correlated with high eIF4E phosphorylation. Polysomal fractionation and microarray analysis of GBM cells were performed to identify ATO's effect on mRNA translation and enrichment of anti-apoptotic mRNAs in the ATO-induced translatome was found. Additionally, it was determined that MNK inhibition sensitized MES GSCs to ATO in neurosphere and apoptosis assays. Finally, examination of the effect of ATO on patients from a phase I/II clinical trial of ATO revealed that PN GBM patients responded better to ATO than other subtypes as demonstrated by longer overall and progression-free survival.Implications: These findings raise the possibility of a unique therapeutic approach for GBM, involving MNK1 targeting to sensitize MES GSCs to drugs like arsenic trioxide. Mol Cancer Res; 16(1); 32-46. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan B Bell
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Frank Eckerdt
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Harshil D Dhruv
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Darren Finlay
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Sen Peng
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Seungchan Kim
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Roy G. Perry College of Engineering, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, Texas
| | - Barbara Kroczynska
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Elspeth M Beauchamp
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kristen Alley
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jessica Clymer
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Division of Hematology/Oncology/Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Stewart Goldman
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Shi-Yuan Cheng
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - C David James
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ichiro Nakano
- Department of Neurosurgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Craig Horbinski
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Andrew P Mazar
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Developmental Therapeutics Core, Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Kristiina Vuori
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Priya Kumthekar
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jeffrey Raizer
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Michael E Berens
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Leonidas C Platanias
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois. .,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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8
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Humphries MP, Sundara Rajan S, Droop A, Suleman CAB, Carbone C, Nilsson C, Honarpisheh H, Cserni G, Dent J, Fulford L, Jordan LB, Jones JL, Kanthan R, Litwiniuk M, Di Benedetto A, Mottolese M, Provenzano E, Shousha S, Stephens M, Walker RA, Kulka J, Ellis IO, Jeffery M, Thygesen HH, Cappelletti V, Daidone MG, Hedenfalk IA, Fjällskog ML, Melisi D, Stead LF, Shaaban AM, Speirs V. A Case-Matched Gender Comparison Transcriptomic Screen Identifies eIF4E and eIF5 as Potential Prognostic Markers in Male Breast Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:2575-2583. [PMID: 27986751 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-1952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Breast cancer affects both genders, but is understudied in men. Although still rare, male breast cancer (MBC) is being diagnosed more frequently. Treatments are wholly informed by clinical studies conducted in women, based on assumptions that underlying biology is similar.Experimental Design: A transcriptomic investigation of male and female breast cancer was performed, confirming transcriptomic data in silico Biomarkers were immunohistochemically assessed in 697 MBCs (n = 477, training; n = 220, validation set) and quantified in pre- and posttreatment samples from an MBC patient receiving everolimus and PI3K/mTOR inhibitor.Results: Gender-specific gene expression patterns were identified. eIF transcripts were upregulated in MBC. eIF4E and eIF5 were negatively prognostic for overall survival alone (log-rank P = 0.013; HR = 1.77, 1.12-2.8 and P = 0.035; HR = 1.68, 1.03-2.74, respectively), or when coexpressed (P = 0.01; HR = 2.66, 1.26-5.63), confirmed in the validation set. This remained upon multivariate Cox regression analysis [eIF4E P = 0.016; HR = 2.38 (1.18-4.8), eIF5 P = 0.022; HR = 2.55 (1.14-5.7); coexpression P = 0.001; HR = 7.04 (2.22-22.26)]. Marked reduction in eIF4E and eIF5 expression was seen post BEZ235/everolimus, with extended survival.Conclusions: Translational initiation pathway inhibition could be of clinical utility in MBC patients overexpressing eIF4E and eIF5. With mTOR inhibitors that target this pathway now in the clinic, these biomarkers may represent new targets for therapeutic intervention, although further independent validation is required. Clin Cancer Res; 23(10); 2575-83. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Humphries
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alastair Droop
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- MRC Medical Bioinformatics Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Carmine Carbone
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Cecilia Nilsson
- Center for Clinical Research, Västmanland County Hospital, Västerås, Sweden
- Department Medical Sciences. University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Gabor Cserni
- Department of Pathology, Bács-Kiskun County Teaching Hospital, Kecskemét, Hungary
| | - Jo Dent
- Calderdale Hospital, Halifax, United Kingdom
| | | | - Lee B Jordan
- University of Dundee/NHS Tayside, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rani Kanthan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Maria Litwiniuk
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Di Benedetto
- Department of Pathology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcella Mottolese
- Department of Pathology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Provenzano
- Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sami Shousha
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust and Imperial College, Charing Cross Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Stephens
- University Hospital of North Staffordshire, Stoke-on Trent, United Kingdom
| | - Rosemary A Walker
- Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine. University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Janina Kulka
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ian O Ellis
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret Jeffery
- Department of Histopathology, The Pathology Centre, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Helene H Thygesen
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Vera Cappelletti
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria G Daidone
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Ingrid A Hedenfalk
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Clinical Sciences and CREATE Health Strategic Center for Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Davide Melisi
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Lucy F Stead
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Abeer M Shaaban
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie Speirs
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.
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