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Zhang J, Ma F, Li Z, Li Y, Sun X, Song M, Yang F, Wu E, Wei X, Wang Z, Yang L. NFKB2 mediates colorectal cancer cell immune escape and metastasis in a STAT2/PD‐L1‐dependent manner. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e521. [PMID: 38660687 PMCID: PMC11042535 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This study systematically analyzed the molecular mechanism and function of nuclear factor kappa B subunit 2 (NFKB2) in colorectal cancer (CRC) to investigate the potential of NFKB2 as a therapeutic target for CRC. Various experimental techniques, including RNA sequencing, proteome chip assays, and small molecule analysis, were used to obtain a deeper understanding of the regulation of NFKB2 in CRC. The results revealed that NFKB2 was upregulated in a significant proportion of patients with advanced hepatic metastasis of CRC. NFKB2 played an important role in promoting tumor growth through CD8+ T-cell exhaustion. Moreover, NFKB2 directly interacted with signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT2), leading to increased phosphorylation of STAT2 and the upregulation of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1). Applying a small molecule inhibitor of NFKB2 (Rg5) led to a reduction in PD-L1 expression and improved response to programmed death-1 blockade-based immunotherapy. In conclusion, the facilitated NFKB2-STAT2/PD-L1 axis may suppress immune surveillance in CRC and targeting NFKB2 may enhance the efficacy of immunotherapeutic strategies. Our results provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the contribution of NFKB2 in CRC immune escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese MedicinesThe MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese MedicinesInstitute of Chinese Materia MedicaShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Fen Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese MedicinesThe MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese MedicinesInstitute of Chinese Materia MedicaShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Zhe Li
- Academy of Integrative MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yuan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese MedicinesThe MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese MedicinesInstitute of Chinese Materia MedicaShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xun Sun
- Gastrointestinal SurgeryLonghua HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Mingxu Song
- Human Reproductive and Genetic CenterAffiliated Hospital of Jiangnan UniversityJiangsuChina
| | - Fan Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese MedicinesThe MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese MedicinesInstitute of Chinese Materia MedicaShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Enjiang Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese MedicinesThe MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese MedicinesInstitute of Chinese Materia MedicaShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaohui Wei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese MedicinesThe MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese MedicinesInstitute of Chinese Materia MedicaShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese MedicinesThe MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese MedicinesInstitute of Chinese Materia MedicaShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Li Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese MedicinesThe MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese MedicinesInstitute of Chinese Materia MedicaShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
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Rodriguez BN, Huang H, Chia JJ, Hoffmann A. The noncanonical NFκB pathway: Regulatory mechanisms in health and disease. WIREs Mech Dis 2024:e1646. [PMID: 38634218 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The noncanonical NFκB signaling pathway mediates the biological functions of diverse cell survival, growth, maturation, and differentiation factors that are important for the development and maintenance of hematopoietic cells and immune organs. Its dysregulation is associated with a number of immune pathologies and malignancies. Originally described as the signaling pathway that controls the NFκB family member RelB, we now know that noncanonical signaling also controls NFκB RelA and cRel. Here, we aim to clarify our understanding of the molecular network that mediates noncanonical NFκB signaling and review the human diseases that result from a deficient or hyper-active noncanonical NFκB pathway. It turns out that dysregulation of RelA and cRel, not RelB, is often implicated in mediating the resulting pathology. This article is categorized under: Immune System Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Cancer > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Immune System Diseases > Stem Cells and Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benancio N Rodriguez
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Helen Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jennifer J Chia
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alexander Hoffmann
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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3
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Li Y, Zhao B, Peng J, Tang H, Wang S, Peng S, Ye F, Wang J, Ouyang K, Li J, Cai M, Chen Y. Inhibition of NF-κB signaling unveils novel strategies to overcome drug resistance in cancers. Drug Resist Updat 2024; 73:101042. [PMID: 38219532 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2023.101042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Drug resistance in cancer remains a major challenge in oncology, impeding the effectiveness of various treatment modalities. The nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway has emerged as a critical player in the development of drug resistance in cancer cells. This comprehensive review explores the intricate relationship between NF-κB and drug resistance in cancer. We delve into the molecular mechanisms through which NF-κB activation contributes to resistance against chemotherapeutic agents, targeted therapies, and immunotherapies. Additionally, we discuss potential strategies to overcome this resistance by targeting NF-κB signaling, such as small molecule inhibitors and combination therapies. Understanding the multifaceted interactions between NF-κB and drug resistance is crucial for the development of more effective cancer treatment strategies. By dissecting the complex signaling network of NF-κB, we hope to shed light on novel therapeutic approaches that can enhance treatment outcomes, ultimately improving the prognosis for cancer patients. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge on NF-κB and its role in drug resistance, offering insights that may guide future research and therapeutic interventions in the fight against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Baiwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Juzheng Peng
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Hailin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Sicheng Wang
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Sicheng Peng
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Feng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Junye Wang
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Kai Ouyang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
| | - Manbo Cai
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
| | - Yongming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China.
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Wang T, Wang P, Wang S, Ma Y, Zhao Z, Long F. Wogonin Diminishes Radioresistance of Breast Cancer via Inhibition of the Nrf2/HIF-1[Formula: see text] Pathway. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2023; 51:2243-2262. [PMID: 37903716 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x23500969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy plays a crucial role in the multimodal treatment of breast cancer. However, radioresistance poses a significant challenge to its effectiveness, hindering successful cancer therapy. Emerging evidence indicates that Nrf2 and HIF-1[Formula: see text] are critical regulators of cellular anti-oxidant responses and that their overexpression significantly promotes radioresistance. Wogonin (WG), the primary component isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis, exhibits potential antitumor and reversal of multidrug resistance activities. Nevertheless, the role of WG in radioresistance remains unclear. This study aims to explore the effects of WG on the radioresistance of breast cancer. Our results indicate that Nrf2 and HIF-1[Formula: see text] overexpression was observed in breast cancer tissues and was correlated with the histological grading of the disease. Radiation further increased the levels of Nrf2 and HIF-1[Formula: see text] in breast cancer cells. However, WG demonstrated the ability to induce cell apoptosis and reverse radioresistance by inhibiting the Nrf2/HIF-1[Formula: see text] pathway. These effects were also confirmed in xenograft mice models. Mechanistically, WG enhanced the level of the Nrf2 inhibitor Keap1 through reducing CpG methylation in the promoter region of the Keap1 gene. Consequently, the Nrf2/HIF-1[Formula: see text] pathway, along with the Nrf2- and HIF-1[Formula: see text]-dependent protective responses, were suppressed. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that WG can epigenetically regulate the Keap1 gene, inhibit the Nrf2/HIF-1[Formula: see text] pathway, induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells, and diminish acquired radioresistance. This study offers potential strategies to overcome the limitations of current radiotherapy for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Clinical Research, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Pinghan Wang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women's and Children's Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer Sichuan Cancer, Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yu Ma
- Department of Clinical Research, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Ziqiao Zhao
- Department of Clinical Research, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Fangyi Long
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women's and Children's Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
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Chen S, Leng P, Guo J, Zhou H. FBXW7 in breast cancer: mechanism of action and therapeutic potential. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:226. [PMID: 37658431 PMCID: PMC10474666 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02767-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the frequent tumors that seriously endanger the physical and mental well-being in women. F-box and WD repeat domain-containing 7 (FBXW7) is a neoplastic repressor. Serving as a substrate recognition element for ubiquitin ligase, FBXW7 participates in the ubiquitin-proteasome system and is typically in charge of the ubiquitination and destruction of crucial oncogenic proteins, further performing a paramount role in cell differentiation, apoptosis and metabolic processes. Low levels of FBXW7 cause abnormal stability of pertinent substrates, mutations and/or deletions in the FBXW7 gene have been reported to correlate with breast cancer malignant progression and chemoresistance. Given the lack of an effective solution to breast cancer's clinical drug resistance dilemma, elucidating FBXW7's mechanism of action could provide a theoretical basis for targeted drug exploration. Therefore, in this review, we focused on FBXW7's role in a range of breast cancer malignant behaviors and summarized the pertinent cellular targets, signaling pathways, as well as the mechanisms regulating FBXW7 expression. We also proposed novel perspectives for the exploitation of alternative therapies and specific tumor markers for breast cancer by therapeutic strategies aiming at FBXW7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-Construction for Diagnosisand, Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology , Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Leng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-Construction for Diagnosisand, Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology , Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinlin Guo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-Construction for Diagnosisand, Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology , Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Hao Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-Construction for Diagnosisand, Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology , Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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6
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Brožová K, Hantusch B, Kenner L, Kratochwill K. Spatial Proteomics for the Molecular Characterization of Breast Cancer. Proteomes 2023; 11:17. [PMID: 37218922 PMCID: PMC10204503 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes11020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a major global health issue, affecting a significant proportion of the female population and contributing to high rates of mortality. One of the primary challenges in the treatment of BC is the disease's heterogeneity, which can lead to ineffective therapies and poor patient outcomes. Spatial proteomics, which involves the study of protein localization within cells, offers a promising approach for understanding the biological processes that contribute to cellular heterogeneity within BC tissue. To fully leverage the potential of spatial proteomics, it is critical to identify early diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets, and to understand protein expression levels and modifications. The subcellular localization of proteins is a key factor in their physiological function, making the study of subcellular localization a major challenge in cell biology. Achieving high resolution at the cellular and subcellular level is essential for obtaining an accurate spatial distribution of proteins, which in turn can enable the application of proteomics in clinical research. In this review, we present a comparison of current methods of spatial proteomics in BC, including untargeted and targeted strategies. Untargeted strategies enable the detection and analysis of proteins and peptides without a predetermined molecular focus, whereas targeted strategies allow the investigation of a predefined set of proteins or peptides of interest, overcoming the limitations associated with the stochastic nature of untargeted proteomics. By directly comparing these methods, we aim to provide insights into their strengths and limitations and their potential applications in BC research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klára Brožová
- Core Facility Proteomics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Division of Molecular and Structural Preclinical Imaging, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Unit of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Brigitte Hantusch
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Unit of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- CBmed GmbH—Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Applied Metabolomics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Kratochwill
- Core Facility Proteomics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Stress Research in Peritoneal Dialysis, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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7
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Zhu C, Liu P, Li C, Zhang Y, Yin J, Hou L, Zheng G, Liu X. Near-Death Cells Cause Chemotherapy-Induced Metastasis via ATF4-Mediated NF-κB Signaling Activation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205835. [PMID: 36739602 PMCID: PMC10074103 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic chemotherapy is a primary treatment modality for many patients with advanced cancer. Increasing preclinical and clinical observations indicate that chemotherapy can exacerbate tumor metastasis. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, it is attempted to identify the mechanisms underlying chemotherapy-induced cancer recurrence and metastasis. It is revealed that a small subpopulation of "near-death cells" (NDCs) with compromised plasma membranes can reverse the death process to enhance survival and repopulation after exposure to lethal doses of cytotoxins. Moreover, these NDCs acquire enhanced tumorigenic and metastatic capabilities, but maintain chemosensitivity in multiple models. Mechanistically, cytotoxin exposure induces activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4)-dependent nonclassical NF-κB signaling activation; ultimately, this results in nuclear translocation of p52 and RelB in NDCs. Deletion of ATF4 in parental cancer cells significantly reduces colony formation and metastasis of NDCs, whereas overexpression of ATF4 activates the nonclassical NF-κB signaling pathway to promote chemotherapy-induced metastasis of NDCs. Overall, these results provide novel mechanistic insights into the chemotherapy-induced metastasis and indicate the pivotal role of NDCs in mediating tumor relapse after cytotoxic therapy. This study also suggests that targeting ATF4 may be an effective approach in improving the efficacy of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Zhu
- Department of BiochemistrySchool of MedicineShenzhen Campus of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenGuangdong510275China
| | - Pei Liu
- Department of BiochemistrySchool of MedicineShenzhen Campus of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenGuangdong510275China
| | - Chuan‐Yuan Li
- Department of DermatologyDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC27710USA
| | - Yuli Zhang
- Department of BiochemistrySchool of MedicineShenzhen Campus of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenGuangdong510275China
| | - Jiang Yin
- Cancer Research Institute and Cancer HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510180China
| | - Linlin Hou
- Department of BiochemistrySchool of MedicineShenzhen Campus of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenGuangdong510275China
| | - Guopei Zheng
- Cancer Research Institute and Cancer HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510180China
| | - Xinjian Liu
- Department of BiochemistrySchool of MedicineShenzhen Campus of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenGuangdong510275China
- Bebetter Med Inc.GuangzhouGuangdong510525China
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8
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Deka K, Li Y. Transcriptional Regulation during Aberrant Activation of NF-κB Signalling in Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050788. [PMID: 36899924 PMCID: PMC10001244 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The NF-κB signalling pathway is a major signalling cascade involved in the regulation of inflammation and innate immunity. It is also increasingly recognised as a crucial player in many steps of cancer initiation and progression. The five members of the NF-κB family of transcription factors are activated through two major signalling pathways, the canonical and non-canonical pathways. The canonical NF-κB pathway is prevalently activated in various human malignancies as well as inflammation-related disease conditions. Meanwhile, the significance of non-canonical NF-κB pathway in disease pathogenesis is also increasingly recognized in recent studies. In this review, we discuss the double-edged role of the NF-κB pathway in inflammation and cancer, which depends on the severity and extent of the inflammatory response. We also discuss the intrinsic factors, including selected driver mutations, and extrinsic factors, such as tumour microenvironment and epigenetic modifiers, driving aberrant activation of NF-κB in multiple cancer types. We further provide insights into the importance of the interaction of NF-κB pathway components with various macromolecules to its role in transcriptional regulation in cancer. Finally, we provide a perspective on the potential role of aberrant NF-κB activation in altering the chromatin landscape to support oncogenic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalakshi Deka
- School of Biological Sciences (SBS), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Yinghui Li
- School of Biological Sciences (SBS), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-6316-2947
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9
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Interleukin-1 and Nuclear Factor Kappa B Signaling Promote Breast Cancer Progression and Treatment Resistance. Cells 2022; 11:cells11101673. [PMID: 35626710 PMCID: PMC9139516 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
While meant for wound healing and immunity in response to injury and infection, inflammatory signaling is usurped by cancerous tumors to promote disease progression, including treatment resistance. The interleukin-1 (IL-1) inflammatory cytokine family functions in wound healing and innate and adaptive immunity. Two major, closely related IL-1 family members, IL-1α and IL-1β, promote tumorigenic phenotypes and contribute to treatment resistance in cancer. IL-1 signaling converges on transactivation of the Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) and Activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factors. NF-κB and AP-1 signaling are also activated by the inflammatory cytokine Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNFα) and microbe-sensing Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs). As reviewed elsewhere, IL-1, TNFα, and TLR can promote cancer progression through NF-κB or AP-1. In this review, we focus on what is known about the role of IL-1α and IL-1β in breast cancer (BCa) progression and therapeutic resistance, and state evidence for the role of NF-κB in mediating IL-1-induced BCa progression and therapeutic resistance. We will present evidence that IL-1 promotes BCa cell proliferation, BCa stem cell expansion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. IL-1 also regulates intracellular signaling and BCa cell hormone receptor expression in a manner that confers a growth advantage to the tumor cells and allows BCa cells to evade therapy. As such, the IL-1 receptor antagonist, anakinra, is in clinical trials to treat BCa and multiple other cancer types. This article presents a review of the literature from the 1990s to the present, outlining the evidence supporting a role for IL-1 and IL-1-NF-κB signaling in BCa progression.
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10
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Badve SS, Gökmen-Polar Y. Protein Profiling of Breast Cancer for Treatment Decision-Making. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2022; 42:1-9. [PMID: 35580295 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_351207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The increasing use of neoadjuvant therapy has resulted in therapeutic decisions being made on the basis of diagnostic needle core biopsy. For many patients, this method might yield the only fragment of tumor available for biomarker analysis, necessitating judicious use. Many multiplex protein analytic methods have been developed that employ fluorescence or other tags to overcome the limitations of immunohistochemistry while still retaining the spatial annotation. Interpretation of the data can be difficult because of the limitations of the human eye. Computational deconvolution of the signals may be necessary for some of these methods to enable identification of cell-specific localization and coexpression of biomarkers. Herein, we present the different methods that are coming of age and their application in cancer research, with a focus on breast cancer. We also discuss the limitations, which include high costs and long turnaround times. The methods are also based on the premise that preanalytical factors will have identical impact on all proteins analyzed. There is a need to establish standards to normalize the data and enable cross-sample comparisons. In spite of these limitations, the multiplex technologies are extremely valuable discovery tools and can provide novel insights into the biology of cancer and mechanisms of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil S Badve
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Yesim Gökmen-Polar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
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11
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Antonacopoulou A, Kottorou AE, Dimitrakopoulos FI, Marousi S, Kalofonou F, Koutras A, Makatsoris T, Tzelepi V, Kalofonos HP. NF-κB2 and RELB offer prognostic information in colorectal cancer and NFKB2 rs7897947 represents a genetic risk factor for disease development. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:100912. [PMID: 33074124 PMCID: PMC7568186 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) family of transcription factors plays an important role in immune responses and cancer development and progression. We have focused on NF-κB2 and RELB of the alternative pathway of NF-κB, which remains largely underexplored in colorectal cancer (CRC). We found that NF-κB2 and RELB protein levels were upregulated in tumour and surrounding stromal tissue compared to distant non-neoplastic tissue (NN) and associated stroma (p<0.001 in all associations). Moreover, low RELB protein expression was associated with decreased overall survival (p = 0.032). Lower RELB gene expression levels were observed in tumour compared to NN tissue (p = 0.003) and were associated with shorter time to progression (TTP) (p = 0.025). NF-κB2 gene expression levels were similar in tumour and NN tissue, but higher tumour levels were prognostic for improved survival (p = 0.038) and TTP (p<0.001). We also assessed the significance of two NF-κB2 genetic polymorphisms, rs12769316 and rs7897947. Both polymorphisms were associated with lymph node infiltration (p = 0.045 and p = 0.009, respectively). In addition, rs12769316 AA homozygotes relapsed less often compared to G allele carriers (p = 0.029). Moreover, rs7897947 allele frequencies differed significantly between CRC patients and healthy controls (p<0.001) and the minor allele (G) was associated with reduced risk for developing CRC (p<0.001, OR: 0.527, 95% CI: 0.387-0.717). In conclusion, the alternative NF-κB pathway appears deregulated in CRC. Moreover, NF-κB2 and RELB expression levels seem to be significant for the clinical outcome of CRC patients and rs7897947 appears to be a risk factor for CRC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Antonacopoulou
- Clinical and Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.
| | - Anastasia E Kottorou
- Clinical and Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Foteinos-Ioannis Dimitrakopoulos
- Clinical and Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Stella Marousi
- "G. Gennimatas" General Hospital of Athens, Neurology Department, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Angelos Koutras
- Clinical and Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Thomas Makatsoris
- Clinical and Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Tzelepi
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Haralabos P Kalofonos
- Clinical and Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.
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STAT3 Stabilizes IKKα Protein through Direct Interaction in Transformed and Cancerous Human Breast Epithelial Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:cancers13010082. [PMID: 33396715 PMCID: PMC7795115 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) are two representative transcription factors that play a critical role in inflammation-associated tumorigenesis through multi-level cooperation. Unlike other types of tumors, breast carcinomas have shown a significant dependency on the non-classical NF-κB pathway as well as the classical one. The α subunit of the inhibitor of the κB kinase (IKK) complex, IKKα, is involved in both classical and non-classical activation of NF-κB. Although the cross-talk between STAT3 and NF-κB has been suggested in several studies, the interplay between STAT3 and the regulators of NF-κB including IKKα has not been fully clarified yet. In this study, we observed overexpression and co-localization of IKKα and STAT3 in human breast cancer tissues as well as in H-Ras transformed human breast epithelial (H-Ras MCF-10A) and breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cells. By utilizing small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology, we were able to demonstrate that STAT3 up-regulated IKKα, but not IKKβ or IKKγ, in these cells. This was attributable to direct binding to and subsequent stabilization of IKKα protein by blocking the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Notably, we identified the lysine 44 residue of IKKα as a putative binding site for STAT3. Moreover, siRNA knockdown of IKKα attenuated viability, anchorage-independent growth and migratory capabilities of H-Ras MCF-10A cells. Taken together, these findings propose a novel mechanism responsible for NF-κB activation by STAT3 through stabilization of IKKα, which contributes to breast cancer promotion and progression. Thus, breaking the STAT3-IKKα alliance can be an alternative therapeutic strategy for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Long F, Lin H, Zhang X, Zhang J, Xiao H, Wang T. Atractylenolide-I Suppresses Tumorigenesis of Breast Cancer by Inhibiting Toll-Like Receptor 4-Mediated Nuclear Factor-κB Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:598939. [PMID: 33363472 PMCID: PMC7753112 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.598939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is an essential sensor related to tumorigenesis, and overexpression of TLR4 in human tumors often correlates with poor prognosis. Atractylenolide-I (AT-I), a novel TLR4-antagonizing agent, is a major bioactive component from Rhizoma Atractylodes Macrocephalae. Emerging evidence suggests that AT-I exerts anti-tumor effects on various cancers such as colorectal cancer, bladder cancer and melanoma. Nevertheless, the effects of AT-I on mammary tumorigenesis remain unclear. Methods: In order to ascertain the correlation of TLR4/NF-κB pathway with breast cancer, the expression of TLR4 and NF-κB in normal breast tissues and cancer tissues with different TNM-stages was detected by human tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry technology. The effects of AT-I on tumorigenesis were investigated by cell viability, colony formation, apoptosis, migration and invasion assays in two breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231), and N-Nitroso-N-methylurea induced rat breast cancer models were developed to evaluate the anti-tumor effects of AT-I in vivo. The possible underlying mechanisms were further explored by western blot and ELISA assays after a series of LPS treatment and TLR4 knockdown experiments. Results: We found that TLR4 and NF-κB were significantly up-regulated in breast cancer tissues, and was correlated with advanced TNM-stages. AT-I could inhibit TLR4 mediated NF-κB signaling pathway and decrease NF-κB-regulated cytokines in breast cancer cells, thus inhibiting cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and inducing apoptosis of breast cancer cells. Furthermore, AT-I could inhibit N-Nitroso-N-methylurea-induced rat mammary tumor progression through TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that TLR4 and NF-κB were over expressed in breast cancer, and AT-I could suppress tumorigenesis of breast cancer via inhibiting TLR4-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyi Long
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women's and Children's Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institution, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiqian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Third People's Hospital and College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianhui Zhang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institution, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongtao Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institution, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institution, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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14
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Fomicheva M, Macara IG. Genome-wide CRISPR screen identifies noncanonical NF-κB signaling as a regulator of density-dependent proliferation. eLife 2020; 9:63603. [PMID: 33185187 PMCID: PMC7685705 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells possess intrinsic mechanisms to maintain an appropriate cell density for normal tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis. Defects in such mechanisms likely contribute to hyperplasia and cancer initiation. To identify genes that regulate the density-dependent proliferation of murine mammary epithelial cells, we developed a fluorescence-activated cell sorting assay based on fluorescence ubiquitination cell cycle indicator, which marks different stages of the cell cycle with distinct fluorophores. Using this powerful assay, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screen, selecting for cells that proliferate normally at low density but continue to divide at high density. Unexpectedly, one top hit was Traf3, a negative regulator of NF-κB signaling that has never previously been linked to density-dependent proliferation. We demonstrate that loss of Traf3 specifically activates noncanonical NF-κB signaling. This in turn triggers an innate immune response and drives cell division independently of known density-dependent proliferation mechanisms, including YAP/TAZ signaling and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, by blocking entry into quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fomicheva
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville, Nashville, United States
| | - Ian G Macara
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville, Nashville, United States
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15
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Wang M, Zhang Y, Xu Z, Qian P, Sun W, Wang X, Jian Z, Xia T, Xu Y, Tang J. RelB sustains endocrine resistant malignancy: an insight of noncanonical NF-κB pathway into breast Cancer progression. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:128. [PMID: 32807176 PMCID: PMC7430126 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00613-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The activation of the NF-κB pathway plays a crucial role in the progression of breast cancer (BCa) and also involved in endocrine therapy resistance. On the contrary to the canonical NF-κB pathway, the effect of the noncanonical NF-κB pathway in BCa progression remains elusive. METHODS BCa tumor tissues and the corresponding cell lines were examined to determine the correlation between RelB and the aggressiveness of BCa. RelB was manipulated in BCa cells to examine whether RelB promotes cell proliferation and motility by quantitation of apoptosis, cell cycle, migration, and invasion. RNA-Seq was performed to identify the critical RelB-regulated genes involved in BCa metastasis. Particularly, RelB-regulated MMP1 transcription was verified using luciferase reporter and ChIP assay. Subsequently, the effect of RelB on BCa progression was further validated using BCa mice xenograft models. RESULTS RelB uniquely expresses at a high level in aggressive BCa tissues, particularly in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). RelB promotes BCa cell proliferation through increasing G1/S transition and/or decreasing apoptosis by upregulation of Cyclin D1 and Bcl-2. Additionally, RelB enhances cell mobility by activating EMT. Importantly, RelB upregulates bone metastatic protein MMP1 expression through binding to an NF-κB enhancer element located at the 5'-flanking region. Accordingly, in vivo functional validation confirmed that RelB deficiency impairs tumor growth in nude mice and inhibits lung metastasis in SCID mice. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029 P. R. China
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 42 Baiziting, Nanjing, 210009 P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 42 Baiziting, Nanjing, 210009 P. R. China
| | - Zhi Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029 P. R. China
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 42 Baiziting, Nanjing, 210009 P. R. China
| | - Peipei Qian
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 42 Baiziting, Nanjing, 210009 P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Sun
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 42 Baiziting, Nanjing, 210009 P. R. China
| | - Xiumei Wang
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 42 Baiziting, Nanjing, 210009 P. R. China
| | - Zhang Jian
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029 P. R. China
| | - Tiansong Xia
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029 P. R. China
| | - Yong Xu
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 42 Baiziting, Nanjing, 210009 P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 P. R. China
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center, 1059 VA Dr, Lexington, KY 40513 USA
| | - Jinhai Tang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029 P. R. China
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Differential expression of p52 and RelB proteins in the metastatic and non-metastatic groups of uveal melanoma with patient outcome. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2019; 145:2969-2982. [PMID: 31612319 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-03052-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Non-canonical NFκB (NC-NFκB) pathway plays an influential role in metastasis, which promotes cancer proliferation and progression. The aim of the study was to examine the expression of NC-NFκB proteins and their correlation with clinicopathological factors associated with metastatic cases of uveal melanoma (UM) and with the patient outcome. METHOD Expression of NC-NFκB proteins (p52, RelB, and co-expression of p52/RelB) was evaluated in 75 formalin-fixed cases of uveal melanoma by immunohistochemistry. Validation of nuclear immunoreactivity was done by western blotting. Transcriptional status of NC-NFκB genes was assessed in 60 fresh tumor tissues by quantitative real-time PCR. Co-immunoprecipitation was performed to determine the presence of native p52/RelB heterodimer in UM. Prognostic relevance was determined using Cox proportional hazard and Kaplan-Meier methods. RESULTS Immunohistochemical expression of p52, RelB, and their co-expression was observed in 81%, 68.7%, 56.2% of metastatic cases, respectively, while their expression was seen only in 38%, 33% and 30% of non-metastatic cases. Loss of BAP-1 was correlated with expression of p52 and RelB proteins. Co-immunoprecipitation assay confirmed the putative interaction of p52 with RelB protein in metastatic cases of uveal melanoma. Co-expression of p52/RelB and expression of p52 protein was significantly correlated with decreased metastasis-free survival (MFS) (p = 0.004; p = 0.002) and overall survival (OS) (p = 0.004; p = 0.032), while the RelB expression only correlated with reduced MFS (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION Our data showed that non-canonical NFκB proteins were significantly higher in metastatic cases and associated with poor outcome of the patients. Furthermore, the p52 protein could be used as a potential therapeutic biomarker for metastatic cases in uveal melanoma.
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Espinoza-Sánchez NA, Győrffy B, Fuentes-Pananá EM, Götte M. Differential impact of classical and non-canonical NF-κB pathway-related gene expression on the survival of breast cancer patients. J Cancer 2019; 10:5191-5211. [PMID: 31602271 PMCID: PMC6775609 DOI: 10.7150/jca.34302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a well-known driver of carcinogenesis and cancer progression, often attributed to the tumor microenvironment. However, tumor cells themselves are capable of secreting a variety of inflammatory molecules, leading to the activation of specific signaling pathways that promote tumor progression. The NF-κB signaling pathway is one of the most important connections between inflammation and tumorigenesis. NF-κB is a superfamily of transcription factors that plays an important role in several types of hematological and solid tumors, including breast cancer. However, the role of the NF-κB pathway in the survival of breast cancer patients is poorly studied. In this study, we analyzed and related the expression of both canonical and alternative NF-κB pathways and selected target genes with the relapse-free and overall survival of breast cancer patients. We used the public database Kaplan-Meier plotter (KMplot) which includes gene expression data and survival information of 3951 breast cancer patients. We found that the expression of IKKα was associated with poor relapse-free survival in patients with ER-positive tumors. Moreover, the expression of IL-8 and MMP-1 was associated with poor relapse-free and overall survival. In contrast, expression of IKKβ, p50, and p65 from the canonical pathway, and NIK and RELB from the alternative pathway correlated with better relapse-free survival also when the patients were classified by their hormonal and nodal status. Our study suggests that the expression of genes of the canonical and alternative NF-κB pathways is ultimately critical for tumor persistence. Understanding the communication between both pathways would help to find better therapeutic and prophylactic targets to prevent breast cancer progression and relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Adriana Espinoza-Sánchez
- Unidad de Investigación en Virología y Cáncer, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, C.P. 06720, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, and Semmelweis University 2nd Dept. of Pediatrics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ezequiel M. Fuentes-Pananá
- Unidad de Investigación en Virología y Cáncer, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, C.P. 06720, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
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18
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Qin H, Zhou J, Xu J, Cheng L, Tang Z, Ma H, Guo F. The nuclear transcription factor RelB functions as an oncogene in human lung adenocarcinoma SPC-A1 cells. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:88. [PMID: 29983639 PMCID: PMC6020198 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0580-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is a leading public health issue worldwide. Although therapeutic approaches have improved drastically in the last decades, the prognosis of lung cancer patients remains suboptimal. The canonical nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-κB) signalling pathway is critical in the carcinogenesis of lung cancer. The non-canonical NF-κB signalling pathway (represented by RelB) has attracted increasing attention in the pathogenesis of haematological and epithelial malignancies. However, the function of RelB in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still unclear. Recently, high expression of RelB has been detected in NSCLC tissues. We have also demonstrated that RelB expression is an independent prognostic factor in NSCLC patients. Methods The mRNA and protein expression of RelB in NSCLC tissues were detected by qRT-PCR and IHC assay. The cell growth of SPC-A1 cells was detected in real-time using the x-Celligence system and xenograft tumour assays. The proliferation capability of cells was detected using a CFSE assay. Cell apoptosis was measured using Annexin V/PI staining, cell cycle was analyzed by the cytometry. Cell migration abilities were detected using the x-Celligence system and wound healing assays. The relative amounts of the active and inactive gelatinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 were examined using gelatin zymography experiments. Apoptosis of RelB depletion SPC-A1 cells after ionizing radiation at 8 Gy. The expression of cellular proliferation signal pathway related-proteins were examined by Western blot analysis. Results The expression of RelB increases in NSCLC tissues. High RelB expression was significantly correlated with advanced-metastatic stage in patients with NSCLC. RelB-silencing inhibits cell growth in vitro and in vivo. We found that RelB affected cell proliferation by regulating AKT phosphorylation. RelB silencing attenuates the migration and invasion abilities of SPC-A1 cells and is likely related to the down regulation of MMP-9 activity and Integrin β-1 expression. In addition, RelB modulated radiation-induced survival of NSCLC cells predominantly by regulating Bcl-xL expression. Conclusions Given the involvement of RelB in cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and radio-resistance, RelB functions as an oncogene in NSCLC cells. Our data here shed light on unexplored aspects of RelB in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualong Qin
- 1Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- 2Center for Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- 2Center for Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li Cheng
- 2Center for Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zaixiang Tang
- 3Department of Biostatistics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haitao Ma
- 1Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Feng Guo
- 4Department of Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou, 215001 China
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Noncanonical NF-κB in Cancer. Biomedicines 2018; 6:biomedicines6020066. [PMID: 29874793 PMCID: PMC6027307 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6020066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The NF-κB pathway is a critical regulator of immune responses and is often dysregulated in cancer. Two NF-κB pathways have been described to mediate these responses, the canonical and the noncanonical. While understudied compared to the canonical NF-κB pathway, noncanonical NF-κB and its components have been shown to have effects, usually protumorigenic, in many different cancer types. Here, we review noncanonical NF-κB pathways and discuss its important roles in promoting cancer. We also discuss alternative NF-κB-independent functions of some the components of noncanonical NF-κB signaling. Finally, we discuss important crosstalk between canonical and noncanonical signaling, which blurs the two pathways, indicating that understanding the full picture of NF-κB regulation is critical to deciphering how this broad pathway promotes oncogenesis.
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20
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House CD, Grajales V, Ozaki M, Jordan E, Wubneh H, Kimble DC, James JM, Kim MK, Annunziata CM. IΚΚε cooperates with either MEK or non-canonical NF-kB driving growth of triple-negative breast cancer cells in different contexts. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:595. [PMID: 29801480 PMCID: PMC5970439 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4507-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic breast cancer carries a poor prognosis despite the success of newly targeted therapies. Treatment options remain especially limited for the subtype of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Several signaling pathways, including NF-κB, are altered in TNBC, and the complexity of this disease implies multi-faceted pathway interactions. Given that IKKε behaves as an oncogene in breast cancer, we hypothesized that IKKε regulates NF-κB signaling to control diverse oncogenic functions in TNBC. METHODS Vector expression and RNA interference were used to investigate the functional role of IKKε in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Viability, protein expression, NF-κB binding activity, invasion, anoikis, and spheroid formation were examined in cells expressing high or low levels of IKKε, in conjunction with p52 RNA interference or MEK inhibition. RESULTS This study found that non-canonical NF-κB p52 levels are inversely proportional to ΙΚΚε, and growth of TNBC cells in anchorage supportive, high-attachment conditions requires IKKε and activated MEK. Growth of these cells in anchorage resistant conditions requires IKKε and activated MEK or p52. In this model, IKKε and MEK cooperate to support overall viability whereas the p52 transcription factor is only required for viability in low attachment conditions, underscoring the contrasting roles of these proteins. CONCLUSIONS This study illustrates the diverse functions of IKKε in TNBC and highlights the adaptability of NF-κB signaling in maintaining cancer cell survival under different growth conditions. A better understanding of the diversity of NF-κB signaling may ultimately improve the development of novel therapeutic regimens for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie D House
- Women's Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Valentina Grajales
- Women's Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michelle Ozaki
- Women's Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth Jordan
- Women's Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Helmae Wubneh
- Women's Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Danielle C Kimble
- Women's Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jana M James
- Women's Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marianne K Kim
- Women's Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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21
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Li J, Tang J, Jiang B, Xiang Y, Yuan R. Amplified probing of protein/DNA interactions for sensitive fluorescence detection of transcription factors. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:6002-6007. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb02056f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Coupling the enzyme protection strategy with metal-ion dependent DNAzyme amplification leads to sensitive monitoring of protein/DNA interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University of Technology
- Chongqing 400054
- P. R. China
| | - Jinshan Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University of Technology
- Chongqing 400054
- P. R. China
| | - Bingying Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University of Technology
- Chongqing 400054
- P. R. China
| | - Yun Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
| | - Ruo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
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