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Salamanca-Perdigón K, Hurtado-Rodríguez D, Portilla J, Iriepa I, Rojas H, Becerra D, Castillo JC. Cs 2CO 3-Promoted Alkylation of 3-Cyano-2(1H)-Pyridones: Anticancer Evaluation and Molecular Docking. Chempluschem 2024:e202400172. [PMID: 38840415 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Herein, a Cs2CO3-promoted N-alkylation of 3-cyano-2(1H)-pyridones containing alkyl groups with diverse alkyl halides to synthesize N-alkyl-2-pyridones over O-alkylpyridines is reported. The use of alkyl dihalides resulted in complex mixtures of N- and O-alkylated products. The primary factor influencing regioselectivity in these reactions is the electronic effects of substituents on the 2(1H)-pyridone ring, as evidenced by the preferential formation of O-alkylpyridines upon the introduction of aryl groups. Remarkably, we efficiently employed CuAAC and Ti(Oi-Pr)4-catalyzed amidation reactions to functionalize N-alkyl-2-pyridones containing propargyl and ester groups, leading to the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles and amides, respectively. Moreover, O-alkylpyridines 10 b and 10 d displayed remarkable selectivity toward the A-498 renal cancer cell line with growth inhibition percentages (%GI) of 54.75 and 67.64, respectively. The binding modes of compounds 10 b and 10 d to the PIM-1 kinase enzyme were determined through molecular docking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Salamanca-Perdigón
- Escuela de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja, 150003, Colombia
| | - Diana Hurtado-Rodríguez
- Escuela de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja, 150003, Colombia
| | - Jaime Portilla
- Bioorganic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18 A-10, Bogota, 111711, Colombia
| | - Isabel Iriepa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Universidad de Alcalá, Km. 33, 6, 28871, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Chemical Research Andrés M. del Río, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28805, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hugo Rojas
- Escuela de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja, 150003, Colombia
| | - Diana Becerra
- Escuela de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja, 150003, Colombia
| | - Juan-Carlos Castillo
- Escuela de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja, 150003, Colombia
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Kayastha N, Dutta D, Chutia K, Das B, Gogoi P. Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of 3-Substituted-1 H-Indazoles: A Pd-Catalyzed Double C-N Bond Formation Strategy via 1,6-Conjugate Addition. J Org Chem 2024; 89:402-413. [PMID: 38064714 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
A Pd-catalyzed cascade process for the direct synthesis of 3-substituted-1H-indazole employing p-quinone methide (p-QM) and arylhydrazine through Pd-catalyzed double C-N bond formation via 1,6-conjugate addition is reported. This reaction strategy affords efficient and practical access to synthetically important diverse 3-substituted-1H-indazoles in good yields. The photophysical properties of the synthesized 3-substituted-1H-indazoles are investigated, and some of them showed very good fluorescence properties with quantum yields up to 85%. Also, the synthesized 3-substituted-1H-indazole exhibits an acid-sensitive fluorescence turn-off activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasib Kayastha
- Applied Organic Chemistry Group, Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Dhiraj Dutta
- Applied Organic Chemistry Group, Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Kangkana Chutia
- Applied Organic Chemistry Group, Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Babulal Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Pranjal Gogoi
- Applied Organic Chemistry Group, Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Takahashi Y, Inoue Y, Sato S, Okabe T, Kojima H, Kiyono H, Shimizu M, Yamauchi Y, Sato R. Drug cytotoxicity screening using human intestinal organoids propagated with extensive cost-reduction strategies. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5407. [PMID: 37012293 PMCID: PMC10070462 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32438-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Organoids are regarded as physiologically relevant cell models and useful for compound screening for drug development; however, their applications are currently limited because of the high cost of their culture. We previously succeeded in reducing the cost of human intestinal organoid culture using conditioned medium (CM) of L cells co-expressing Wnt3a, R-spondin1, and Noggin. Here, we further reduced the cost by replacing recombinant hepatocyte growth factor with CM. Moreover, we showed that embedding organoids in collagen gel, a more inexpensive matrix than Matrigel, maintains organoid proliferation and marker gene expression similarly when using Matrigel. The combination of these replacements also enabled the organoid-oriented monolayer cell culture. Furthermore, screening thousands of compounds using organoids expanded with the refined method identified several compounds with more selective cytotoxicity against organoid-derived cells than Caco-2 cells. The mechanism of action of one of these compounds, YC-1, was further elucidated. We showed that YC-1 induces apoptosis through the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway, the mechanism of which was distinct from cell death caused by other hit compounds. Our cost-cutting methodology enables large-scale intestinal organoid culture and subsequent compound screening, which could expand the application of intestinal organoids in various research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Takahashi
- Food Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Yu Inoue
- Food Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shintaro Sato
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, 640-8156, Japan
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Okabe
- Drug Discovery Initiative, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hirotatsu Kojima
- Drug Discovery Initiative, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- Mucosal Immunology and Allergy Therapeutics, Institute for Global Prominent Research, Future Medicine Education and Research Organization, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Makoto Shimizu
- Nutri-Life Science Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yoshio Yamauchi
- Food Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Sato
- Nutri-Life Science Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
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4
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Ouyang C, Zhang J, Lei X, Xie Z, Liu X, Li Y, Huang S, Wang Z, Tang G. Advances in antitumor research of HIF-1α inhibitor YC-1 and its derivatives. Bioorg Chem 2023; 133:106400. [PMID: 36739684 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Generally, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is highly expressed in solid tumors, it plays a key role in the occurrence and development of tumors, hindering cancer treatment in various ways. The antitumor activity and pharmacological mechanism of YC-1 [3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1‑benzyl indazole], an HIF-1α inhibitor, and the design and synthesis of its derivatives have attracted tremendous attention in the field of antitumor research. YC-1 is a potential drug candidate and a lead compound for tumor therapy. Hence, the multifaceted mechanism of action of YC-1 and the structure activity relationship (SAR) of its derivatives are important factors to be considered for the development of HIF-1α inhibitors. Therefore, this review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the various antitumor mechanisms of YC-1 in antitumor research and an in-depth summary of the SAR for the development of its derivatives. A full understanding and discussion of these aspects are expected to provide potential ideas for developing novel HIF-1α inhibitors and antitumor drugs belonging to the YC-1 class. The review also highlighted the application prospects of the YC-1 class of potential antitumor candidates, and provided some unique insights about these antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Ouyang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medicial School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medicial School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xiaoyong Lei
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medicial School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Zhizhong Xie
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medicial School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xingyun Liu
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yong Li
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Sheng Huang
- Jiuzhitang Co., Ltd, Changsha, Hunan 410007, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Guotao Tang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medicial School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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Singhal R, Choudhary SP, Malik B, Pilania M. Emerging Trends in
N
‐Tosylhydrazone Mediated Transition‐Metal‐Free Reactions. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rakshanda Singhal
- Department of Chemistry Manipal University Jaipur Off Jaipur-Ajmer Express Way Jaipur Rajasthan India 303007
| | - Satya Prakash Choudhary
- Department of Chemistry Manipal University Jaipur Off Jaipur-Ajmer Express Way Jaipur Rajasthan India 303007
| | - Babita Malik
- Department of Chemistry Manipal University Jaipur Off Jaipur-Ajmer Express Way Jaipur Rajasthan India 303007
| | - Meenakshi Pilania
- Department of Chemistry Manipal University Jaipur Off Jaipur-Ajmer Express Way Jaipur Rajasthan India 303007
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Lee MR, Lin C, Lu CC, Kuo SC, Tsao JW, Juan YN, Chiu HY, Lee FY, Yang JS, Tsai FJ. YC-1 induces G 0/G 1 phase arrest and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in cisplatin-resistant human oral cancer CAR cells. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2017; 7:12. [PMID: 28612710 PMCID: PMC5479426 DOI: 10.1051/bmdcn/2017070205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is a serious and fatal disease. Cisplatin is the first line of chemotherapeutic agent for oral cancer therapy. However, the development of drug resistance and severe side effects cause tremendous problems clinically. In this study, we investigated the pharmacologic mechanisms of YC-1 on cisplatin-resistant human oral cancer cell line, CAR. Our results indicated that YC-1 induced a concentration-dependent and time-dependent decrease in viability of CAR cells analyzed by MTT assay. Real-time image analysis of CAR cells by IncuCyte™ Kinetic Live Cell Imaging System demonstrated that YC-1 inhibited cell proliferation and reduced cell confluence in a time-dependent manner. Results from flow cytometric analysis revealed that YC-1 promoted G0/G1 phase arrest and provoked apoptosis in CAR cells. The effects of cell cycle arrest by YC-1 were further supported by up-regulation of p21 and down-regulation of cyclin A, D, E and CDK2 protein levels. TUNEL staining showed that YC-1 caused DNA fragmentation, a late stage feature of apoptosis. In addition, YC-1 increased the activities of caspase-9 and caspase-3, disrupted the mitochondrial membrane potential (AYm) and stimulated ROS production in CAR cells. The protein levels of cytochrome c, Bax and Bak were elevated while Bcl-2 protein expression was attenuated in YC-1-treated CAR cells. In summary, YC-1 suppressed the viability of cisplatin-resistant CAR cells through inhibiting cell proliferation, arresting cell cycle at G0/G1 phase and triggering mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Our results provide evidences to support the potentially therapeutic application of YC-1 on fighting against drug resistant oral cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miau-Rong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chingju Lin
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Cheng Lu
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan - Department of Pharmacy, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chu Kuo
- Chinese Medicinal Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan - School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Je-Wei Tsao
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ning Juan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Yi Chiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yu Lee
- Yung-Shin Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd., Tachia, Taichung 437, Taiwan
| | - Jai-Sing Yang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan - School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan - Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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7
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Tang M, Kong Y, Chu B, Feng D. Copper(I) Oxide-Mediated Cyclization ofo-HaloarylN-Tosylhydrazones: Efficient Synthesis of Indazoles. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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8
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Synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies of novel 3,9-substituted α-carboline derivatives with high cytotoxic activity against colorectal cancer cells. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 110:98-114. [PMID: 26820553 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In our continued focus on 1-benzyl-3-(5-hydroxymethyl-2-furyl)indazole (YC-1) analogs, we synthesized a novel series of 3,9-substituted α-carboline derivatives and evaluated the new compounds for antiproliferactive effects. Structure activity relationships revealed that a COOCH3 or CH2OH group at position-3 and substituted benzyl group at position-9 of the α-carboline nucleus were crucial for maximal activity. The most active compound, 11, showed high levels of cytotoxicity against HL-60, COLO 205, Hep 3B, and H460 cells with IC50 values of 0.3, 0.49, 0.7, and 0.8 μM, respectively. The effect of compound 11 on the cell cycle distribution demonstrated G2/M arrest in COLO 205 cells. Furthermore, mechanistic studies indicated that compound 11 induced apoptosis by activating death receptor and mitochondria dependent apoptotic signaling pathways in COLO 205 cells. The new 3,9-substituted α-carboline derivatives exhibited excellent anti-proliferative activities, and compound 11 can be used as a promising pro-apoptotic agent for future development of new antitumor agents.
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Heteronemin, a Spongean Sesterterpene, Induces Cell Apoptosis and Autophagy in Human Renal Carcinoma Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:738241. [PMID: 26090440 PMCID: PMC4450260 DOI: 10.1155/2015/738241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Heteronemin is a bioactive marine sesterterpene isolated from the sponge Hyrtios sp. Previous reports have shown that heteronemin possesses anticancer activity. Here, heteronemin displayed cytotoxic effects against three human cancer cell lines (A549, ACHN, and A498) and exhibited potent activity in A498 human renal carcinoma cells, with an IC50 value of 1.57 μM by MTT assay and a GI50 value of 0.77 μM by SRB assay. Heteronemin initiates apoptotic cell death by downregulating Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL and upregulating Bax, leading to the disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential and the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria. These effects were associated with the activation of caspase-3/caspase-8/caspase-9, followed by PARP cleavage. Furthermore, heteronemin inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT signaling pathway and ERK and activated p38 and JNK. The specific inhibition of the p38 pathway by SB203580 or p38 siRNA treatment reversed the heteronemin-induced cytotoxicity and apoptotic signaling. Heteronemin also induced autophagy in A498 cells, and treatment with chloroquine (autophagy inhibitor) or SP600125 (JNK inhibitor) inhibited autophagy and increased heteronemin-induced cytotoxicity and apoptotic signaling. Taken together, this study proposes a novel treatment paradigm in which the combination of heteronemin and autophagy inhibitors leads to enhanced RCC cell apoptosis.
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Aronin A, Amsili S, Prigozhina TB, Tzdaka K, Shen R, Grinmann L, Szafer F, Edebrink P, Rauvola MA, Shani N, Elhalel MD. Highly efficient, in-vivo Fas-mediated apoptosis of B-cell lymphoma by hexameric CTLA4-FasL. J Hematol Oncol 2014; 7:64. [PMID: 25227919 PMCID: PMC4189725 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-014-0064-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) account for 4% of all malignancies. 5-year survival rate increased to 50% with new treatment modalities, however there is need for new effective treatment for the more aggressive, relapsing forms. Recently, CTLA4-FasL, that can bind to B7 and Fas receptor (Fas), was shown to induce robust apoptosis of cell lines originating from B cell lymphomas expressing both B7 and Fas, by activating pro-apoptotic signals in parallel to abrogating anti-apoptotic ones. The present study focuses on the unique properties of CTLA4-FasL as a potent apoptosis inducer of malignant cells in-vitro and in a xenograft model. CTLA4-FasL was found to naturally form a stable homo-hexamer. CTLA4-FasL induces robust apoptosis of a large variety of malignant cells while relatively sparing non-malignant ones, being more efficient when both receptors (B7 and Fas) are expressed on target cells. Even in non-B7 expressing cells, CTLA4-FasL exhibited better apoptotic activity than its parts, alone or in combination, however, only in B7 expressing cells apoptosis occurs at low concentrations and CTLA4-FasL induces activation of apoptotic signals and reduces anti-apoptotic ones. Importantly, CTLA4-FasL efficiently inhibited the growth of human B cell lineage tumors in a xenograft model, by provoking tumor cells’ apoptosis. Thus, CTLA4-FasL, a natural homo-hexamer protein, induces robust apoptosis of malignant cells, in-vitro and in-vivo. In B-cell lymphoma, its potency stems from the combination of its synergistic effect of activating the caspases while abrogating the anti-apoptotic signaling, with its unique hexameric structure, making CTLA4-FasL a promising candidate for aggressive B cell lymphomas treatment.
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11
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Lee HY, Wang LT, Li YH, Pan SL, Chen YL, Teng CM, Liou JP. Effect of C7-substitution of 1-arylsulfonyl-5-(N-hydroxyacrylamide)indolines on the selectivity towards a subclass of histone deacetylases. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:8966-76. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00542b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Chang LC, Lin HY, Tsai MT, Chou RH, Lee FY, Teng CM, Hsieh MT, Hung HY, Huang LJ, Yu YL, Kuo SC. YC-1 inhibits proliferation of breast cancer cells by down-regulating EZH2 expression via activation of c-Cbl and ERK. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:4010-25. [PMID: 24697523 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE YC-1 exhibits potent anticancer activity via numerous actions in many cancer cell lines. Hence, we investigated the in vivo antitumour efficacy of YC-1 in an MDA-MB-468 xenograft model and elucidated the mechanism of down-regulation of enhancer of zeste homology 2 (EZH2) by YC-1 in breast cancer cells. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In YC-1-treated breast cancer cells and tumour specimens from YC-1-treated MDA-MB-468 xenografts, EZH2 expression was analysed by Western blotting. Pharmacological inhibitors and short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown were applied to identify possible signalling pathways involved in EZH2 down-regulation by YC-1. KEY RESULTS YC-1 reduced the viability of breast cancer cells and tumour growth in MDA-MB-468 xenografts. In breast cancer cells, YC-1 down-regulated EZH2 expression in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Depletion of EZH2 reduced the proliferation and susceptibility of breast cancer cells to YC-1-induced apoptosis. EZH2 expression was suppressed in tumour specimens from YC-1-treated MDA-MB-468 xenograft mice. YC-1 enhanced both the degradation rate and ubiquitination of EZH2. The down-regulation of EZH2 by YC-1 was associated with activation of PKA and Src-Raf-ERK-mediated signalling pathways. Furthermore, depletion of Casitas B-lineage lymphoma (c-Cbl), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, abolished YC-1-induced apoptosis and suppression of EZH2. YC-1 rapidly activated c-Cbl to induce signalling associated with ERK and EZH2. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS We discovered that YC-1 induces apoptosis and inhibits tumour growth of breast cancer cells via down-regulation of EZH2 by activating c-Cbl and ERK. These data suggest that YC-1 is a potential anticancer drug candidate for triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Chu Chang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Kong J, Kong F, Gao J, Zhang Q, Dong S, Gu F, Ke S, Pan B, Shen Q, Sun H, Zheng L, Sun W. YC-1 enhances the anti-tumor activity of sorafenib through inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:7. [PMID: 24418169 PMCID: PMC3895679 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Traditional systemic chemotherapy does not provide survival benefits in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Molecular targeted therapy shows promise for HCC treatment, however, the duration of effectiveness for targeted therapies is finite and combination therapies offer the potential for improved effectiveness. Methods Sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor, and YC-1, a soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) activator, were tested in HCC by proliferation assay, cell cycle analysis and western blot in vitro and orthotopic and ectopic HCC models in vivo. Results In vitro, combination of sorafenib and YC-1 synergistically inhibited proliferation and colony formation of HepG2, BEL-7402 and HCCLM3 cells. The combination also induced S cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, as observed by activated PARP and caspase 8. Sorafenib and YC-1 respectively suppressed the expression of phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3) (Y705) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Combination of sorafenib and YC-1 significantly inhibited the expression of p-STAT3 (Y705) (S727), p-ERK1/2, cyclin D1 and survivin and SHP-1 activity compared with sorafenib or YC-1 used alone in all tested HCC cell lines. In vivo, sorafenib-YC-1 combination significantly suppressed the growth of HepG2 tumor xenografts with decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis observed by PCNA and PARP. Similar results were also confirmed in a HCCLM3 orthotopic model. There was a reduction in CD31-positive blood vessels and reduced VEGF expression, which suggested a combinational effect of sorafenib and YC-1 on angiogenesis. The reduced expression of p-STAT3, cyclin D1 and survivin was also observed with the combination of sorafenib and YC-1. Conclusions Our data show that sorafenib-YC-1 combination is a novel potent therapeutic agent that can target the STAT3 signaling pathway to inhibit HCC tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lemin Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100043, People's Republic of China.
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Rajendran R, Huang W, Tang AMY, Liang JM, Choo S, Reese T, Hentze H, van Boxtel S, Cliffe A, Rogers K, Henry B, Chuang KH. Early detection of antiangiogenic treatment responses in a mouse xenograft tumor model using quantitative perfusion MRI. Cancer Med 2014; 3:47-60. [PMID: 24403176 PMCID: PMC3930389 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays a major role in tumor growth and metastasis, with tumor perfusion regarded as a marker for angiogenesis. To evaluate antiangiogenic treatment response in vivo, we investigated arterial spin labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to measure tumor perfusion quantitatively. Chronic and 24-h acute treatment responses to bevacizumab were assessed by ASL and dynamic-contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI in the A498 xenograft mouse model. After the MRI, tumor vasculature was assessed by CD34 staining. After 39 days of chronic treatment, tumor perfusion decreased to 44.8 ± 16.1 mL/100 g/min (P < 0.05), compared to 92.6 ± 42.9 mL/100 g/min in the control group. In the acute treatment study, tumor perfusion in the treated group decreased from 107.2 ± 32.7 to 73.7 ± 27.8 mL/100 g/min (P < 0.01; two-way analysis of variance), as well as compared with control group post dosing. A significant reduction in vessel density and vessel size was observed after the chronic treatment, while only vessel size was reduced 24 h after acute treatment. The tumor perfusion correlated with vessel size (r = 0.66; P < 0.005) after chronic, but not after acute treatment. The results from DCE-MRI also detected a significant change between treated and control groups in both chronic and acute treatment studies, but not between 0 and 24 h in the acute treatment group. These results indicate that tumor perfusion measured by MRI can detect early vascular responses to antiangiogenic treatment. With its noninvasive and quantitative nature, ASL MRI would be valuable for longitudinal assessment of tumor perfusion and in translation from animal models to human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshmi Rajendran
- MRI Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
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15
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Synthesis and anticancer activity of 2,4-disubstituted furo[3,2-b]indole derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 66:466-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kramarenko II, Morinelli TA, Bunni MA, Raymond JR, Garnovskaya MN. The bradykinin B(2) receptor induces multiple cellular responses leading to the proliferation of human renal carcinoma cell lines. Cancer Manag Res 2012; 4:195-205. [PMID: 22904641 PMCID: PMC3421467 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s31847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The vasoactive peptide bradykinin (BK) acts as a potent growth factor for normal kidney cells, but there have been few studies on the role of BK in renal cell carcinomas. Purpose In this study, we tested the hypothesis that BK also acts as a mitogen in kidney carcinomas, and explored the effects of BK in human renal carcinoma A498 cells. Methods The presence of mRNAs for BK B1 and BK B2 receptors in A498 cells was demonstrated by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. To study BK signaling pathways, we employed fluorescent measurements of intracellular Ca2+, measured changes in extracellular pH as a reflection of Na+/H+ exchange (NHE) with a Cytosensor microphysiometer, and assessed extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation by Western blotting. Results Exposure to 100 nM of BK resulted in the rapid elevation of intracellular Ca2+, caused a ≥30% increase in NHE activity, and a ≥300% increase in ERK phosphorylation. All BK signals were blocked by HOE140, a BK B2 receptor antagonist, but not by a B1 receptor antagonist. Inhibitor studies suggest that BK-induced ERK activation requires phospholipase C and protein kinase C activities, and is Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent. The amiloride analog 5-(N-methyl-N-isobutyl)-amiloride (MIA) blocked short-term NHE activation and inhibited ERK phosphorylation, suggesting that NHE is critical for ERK activation by BK. BK induced an approximately 40% increase in the proliferation of A498 cells as assessed by bromodeoxyuridine uptake. This effect was blocked by the ERK inhibitor PD98059, and was dependent on NHE activity. Conclusion We conclude that BK exerts mitogenic effects in A498 cells via the BK B2 receptor activation of growth-associated NHE and ERK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga I Kramarenko
- Department of Medicine (Nephrology Division), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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Wu SY, Leu YL, Chang YL, Wu TS, Kuo PC, Liao YR, Teng CM, Pan SL. Physalin F induces cell apoptosis in human renal carcinoma cells by targeting NF-kappaB and generating reactive oxygen species. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40727. [PMID: 22815798 PMCID: PMC3398016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to determine the molecular mechanisms of physalin F, an effective purified extract of Physalis angulata L. (Solanacae), in renal carcinoma A498 cells. Methodology/Principal Findings Physalin F was observed to significantly induce cytotoxicity of three human renal carcinoma A498, ACHN, and UO-31 cells in a concentration-dependent manner; this was especially potent in A498 cells. The physalin F-induced cell apoptosis of A498 cells was characterized by MTT assay, nuclear DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation. Using flow cytometry analysis, physalin F induced A498 cell apoptosis as demonstrated by the accumulation of the sub-G1 phase in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, physalin F-mediated accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused Bcl-2 family proteins, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xL degradation, which led to disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential and release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytosol. These effects were associated with induction of caspase-3 and caspase-9 activity, which led to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. However, the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and glutathione (GSH) resulted in the inhibition of these events and reversed physalin F-induced cell apoptosis. In addition, physalin F suppressed NF-κB activity and nuclear translocation of p65 and p50, which was reversed by NAC and GSH. Conclusion Physalin F induced cell apoptosis through the ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway and suppressed NF-κB activation in human renal cancer A498 cells. Thus, physalin F appears to be a promising anti-cancer agent worthy of further clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Ying Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yann-Lii Leu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tian-Shung Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Taina, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy and Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chung Kuo
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Taina, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ren Liao
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Taina, Taiwan
| | - Che-Ming Teng
- Department of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (C-MT); (S-LP)
| | - Shiow-Lin Pan
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (C-MT); (S-LP)
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Cheng Y, Li W, Liu Y, Cheng HC, Ma J, Qiu L. YC-1 exerts inhibitory effects on MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells by targeting EGFR in vitro and in vivo under normoxic condition. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2012; 31:248-56. [PMID: 22507221 PMCID: PMC3777523 DOI: 10.5732/cjc.011.10383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
3-(5′-hydroxymethyl-2′-furyl)-1-benzyl indazole (YC-1), the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) inhibitor, suppresses tumor proliferation and metastasis by down-regulating HIF-1α expression under hypoxic conditions. Our previous studies demonstrated that YC-1 inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation under normoxic conditions. In the current study, we investigated the targets of YC-1 and mechanism of its action in MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells. In the in vitro experiments, we found that YC-1 significantly inhibited MDA-MB-468 cell proliferation in normoxia and hypoxia. Under normoxic conditions, YC-1 induced apoptosis of MDA-MB-468 cells and blocked cell cycle in the G1 phase, and these effects were possibly related to caspase 8, p21, and p27 expression. RT-PCR and Western blotting results showed that YC-1 primarily inhibited HIF-1α at the mRNA and protein levels under hypoxic conditions, but suppressed the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) at the mRNA and protein levels under normoxic conditions. In vivo, YC-1 prolonged survival, increased survival rate, decreased tumor size and metastasis rate, and inhibited tissue EGFR and HIF-1α expression. However, YC-1 exerted no obvious effect on body weight. These results indicate that YC-1 inhibits the proliferation of MDA-MB-468 cells by acting on multiple targets with minimal side effects. Thus, YC-1 is a promising target drug for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cheng
- Jilin Tumor Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
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Lai MJ, Huang HL, Pan SL, Liu YM, Peng CY, Lee HY, Yeh TK, Huang PH, Teng CM, Chen CS, Chuang HY, Liou JP. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 1-arylsulfonyl-5-(N-hydroxyacrylamide)indoles as potent histone deacetylase inhibitors with antitumor activity in vivo. J Med Chem 2012; 55:3777-91. [PMID: 22439863 DOI: 10.1021/jm300197a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A series of 1-arylsulfonyl-5-(N-hydroxyacrylamide)indoles has been identified as a new class of histone deacetylase inhibitors. Compounds 8, 11, 12, 13, and 14 demonstrated stronger antiproliferative activities than 1 (SAHA) with GI(50) values ranging from 0.36 to 1.21 μM against Hep3B, MDA-MB-231, PC-3, and A549 human cancer cell lines. Lead compound 8 showed remarkable HDAC 1, 2, and 6 isoenzymes inhibitory activities with IC(50) values of 12.3, 4.0, 1.0 nM, respectively, which are comparable to 1. In in vivo efficacy evaluation against lung A549 xenograft model, 8 displayed better antitumor activity than compound 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Jung Lai
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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Effect of host immunity on metastatic potential in renal cell carcinoma: the assessment of optimal in vivo models to study metastatic behavior of renal cancer cells. Tumour Biol 2012; 33:551-9. [PMID: 22219032 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-011-0300-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been little information about metastatic behavior of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells because human cancers metastasize only rarely in immunodeficient mice. Moreover, it is difficult to know the effect of host immunity on RCC metastasis due to lack of such RCC cells as transplantable in not only xenograft models but also counterparts with intact immunity. Therefore, we scrutinized in vivo metastasis of RCC cells to seek for the optimal preclinical model to study metastatic behavior. The luciferase-expressing three representative human RCC cell lines (Caki-1, A498, and 786-O) and rat ACI-RCC cell which were established in our laboratory were transplanted into nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice or immunocompetent ACI rats by intracardiac injection as well as orthotopic inoculation. Metastasis was monitored using a bioluminescent imaging technique. Metastasis was rare in the three human RCC cells even when they were directly disseminated into systemic circulation under the condition least susceptible to host immune attack in NOD/SCID mice. In contrast, ACI-RCC cells spontaneously metastasized to pulmonary tissue from orthotopic tumor sites and systemically spread via intracardiac route. Metastases were more extensive when the cells were inoculated into an immunodeficient host, implying suppressive effect of host immunity on colonization of RCC cells. These results suggest that the representative human RCC cells are not adequate resource to study metastasis but that the luciferase-labeled ACI-RCC cell characterized by its luminescent stability, enhanced tumorigenicity, and widespread metastatic potential provides a useful in vivo model for preclinical assessment of cancer progression and potential therapies against RCC.
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Akyuz S, Ozel AE, Balci K, Akyuz T, Coker A, Arisan ED, Palavan-Unsal N, Ozalpan A. Raman micro-spectroscopic analysis of cultured HCT116 colon cancer cells in the presence of roscovitine. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2011; 78:1540-7. [PMID: 21345720 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2011.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Raman micro-spectroscopic analysis of cultured HCT116 colon cancer cells in the presence of roscovitine, [seliciclib, 2-(1-ethyl-2-hydroxy-ethylamino)-6-benzylamino-9-isopropylpurine], a promising drug candidate in cancer therapy, has been performed for the first time. The aim of this study was to investigate modulations in colon cancer cells induced by roscovitine. Raman spectra of the cultured HCT116 colon cancer cells treated with roscovitine at different concentrations (0, 5, 10, 25 and 50 μM) were recorded in the range 400-1850 cm(-1). It was shown that the second derivative profile of the experimental spectrum gives valuable information about the wavenumbers and band widths of the vibrational modes of cell components, and it eliminates the appearance of false peaks arising from incorrect baseline corrections. In samples containing roscovitine, significant spectral changes were observed in the intensities of characteristic protein and DNA bands, which indicate roscovitine-induced apoptosis. Roscovitine-induced apoptosis was also assessed by flow cytometry analysis, and analysis of propidium iodide staining. We observed some modifications in amide I and III bands, which arise from alterations in the secondary structure of cell proteins caused by the presence of roscovitine.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Akyuz
- Istanbul Kultur University, Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Physics, Istanbul, Turkey.
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22
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Effects of YC-1 targeting hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha in oesophageal squamous carcinoma cell line Eca109 cells. Cell Biol Int 2011; 35:491-7. [DOI: 10.1042/cbi20090419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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23
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Hung CC, Liou HH. YC-1, a novel potential anticancer agent, inhibit multidrug-resistant protein via cGMP-dependent pathway. Invest New Drugs 2010; 29:1337-46. [PMID: 20676745 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-010-9496-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of 3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole (YC-1) on multidrug resistance. Expression of human P-glycoprotein was assessed by realtime quantitative RT-PCR and western blot. The efflux function of P-glycoprotein was evaluated by rhodamine 123 accumulation and calcein-AM uptake models. The mechanisms of action of YC-1 on different signaling pathways were studied using series of antagonists and the kinetics was also assessed. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT assay. The results demonstrated that increased intracellular accumulation of rhodamine 123 and increased fluorescence of calcein were observed after YC-1 treatment. Furthermore, increased YC-1 concentration resulted in significant decrease in Vmax while K(M) remained unchanged suggested that YC-1 acted as a noncompetitive inhibitor of P-glycoprotein. Moreover, the inhibition of Pgp efflux function by YC-1 was significantly reversed by NO synthase inhibitor, (L)-NAME, the sGC inhibitor, ODQ, the PKG inhibitor, Rp-8-Br-PET-cGMPS, and the PKG inhibitor KT5823. In addition, ERK kinase inhibitor PD98059 also significantly restored YC-1 inhibited Pgp efflux function. These results indicated that YC-1 inhibited Pgp efflux via the NO-cGMP-PKG-ERK signaling pathway through noncompetitive inhibition. The present study revealed that YC-1 could be a good candidate for development as a MDR modulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Chuan Hung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan, 40402, Republic of China
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Hong B, Lui VWY, Hui EP, Lu Y, Leung HSY, Wong EYL, Cheng SH, Ng MHL, Mills GB, Chan ATC. Reverse phase protein array identifies novel anti-invasion mechanisms of YC-1. Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 79:842-52. [PMID: 19879857 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2009.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2009] [Revised: 10/22/2009] [Accepted: 10/22/2009] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
YC-1 has recently been demonstrated to have potent anti-invasion and anti-metastatic activity in several cancer models, in addition to its anti-proliferation activity. However, the mechanism underlying its anti-invasion/anti-metastatic activity is largely unknown. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a highly metastatic head and neck cancer in Southeast Asia. Here, we demonstrated that YC-1 inhibited invasiveness and proliferation of NPC cells, with the latter being accompanied by PARP cleavage, S-phase arrest and activation of Chk1/Chk2. We aimed at identifying novel anti-invasion mechanisms of YC-1 in NPC by a functional proteomic platform, the reverse phase protein array (RPPA). Our study revealed for the first time that multiple invasion-related signaling proteins (beta-catenin, caveolin, Src and EGFR), as well as several growth-related proteins (AMPKalpha, phospho-acetyl-CoA carboxylase (p-ACC), HER-2 and mTOR), which were previously un-described signaling proteins altered by YC-1, were found to be down-modulated by YC-1 in NPC cells. We hypothesized that YC-1-mediated downregulation of these invasion proteins contributed to its anti-invasion activity in NPC cells. Overexpression of EGFR, activated Src or caveolin, but not beta-catenin reversed the inhibitory effects of YC-1 on NPC cell invasion, with EGFR and activated Src having additional effects on rescuing NPC cells from YC-1-mediated growth inhibition. In summary, we have identified several novel anti-invasion mechanisms of YC-1 that could impact NPC, and possibly other cancers as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hong
- Cancer Signaling Laboratory, Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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25
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Abstract
The nitric oxide (NO) signalling pathway is altered in cardiovascular diseases, including systemic and pulmonary hypertension, stroke, and atherosclerosis. The vasodilatory properties of NO have been exploited for over a century in cardiovascular disease, but NO donor drugs and inhaled NO are associated with significant shortcomings, including resistance to NO in some disease states, the development of tolerance during long-term treatment, and non-specific effects such as post-translational modification of proteins. The development of pharmacological agents capable of directly stimulating the NO receptor, soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), is therefore highly desirable. The benzylindazole compound YC-1 was the first sGC stimulator to be identified; this compound formed a lead structure for the development of optimized sGC stimulators with improved potency and specificity for sGC, including CFM-1571, BAY 41-2272, BAY 41-8543, and BAY 63-2521. In contrast to the NO- and haem-independent sGC activators such as BAY 58-2667, these compounds stimulate sGC activity independent of NO and also act in synergy with NO to produce anti-aggregatory, anti-proliferative, and vasodilatory effects. Recently, aryl-acrylamide compounds were identified independent of YC-1 as sGC stimulators; although structurally dissimilar to YC-1, they have a similar mode of action and promote smooth muscle relaxation. Pharmacological stimulators of sGC may be beneficial in the treatment of a range of diseases, including systemic and pulmonary hypertension, heart failure, atherosclerosis, erectile dysfunction, and renal fibrosis. An sGC stimulator, BAY 63-2521, is currently in clinical development as an oral therapy for patients with pulmonary hypertension. It has demonstrated efficacy in a proof-of-concept study, reducing pulmonary vascular resistance and increasing cardiac output from baseline. A full, phase 2 trial of BAY 63-2521 in pulmonary hypertension is underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes-Peter Stasch
- Bayer Schering Pharma AG, Cardiology Research, Pharma Research Center, Wuppertal, 42096, Germany.
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