Effect of immune modulation in relapsed peripheral T-cell lymphomas after post-allogeneic stem cell transplantation: a study by the Société Française de Greffe de Moelle et de Thérapie Cellulaire (SFGM-TC)

Romidepsin-induced durable remission for relapsed nodal peripheral T-cell lymphoma with T follicular helper phenotype after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation

Patients with recurrent peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) have dismal outcomes. Nodal PTCL with the T follicular helper phenotype (PTCL-TFH) is uniquely sensitive to histone deacetylase inhibitors compared to non-TFH phenotypes. We report the case of a 19-year-old man who experienced recurrence of PTCL-TFH shortly after allogeneic HCT and subsequently achieved durable remission with romidepsin. Before HCT, the patient had refractory disease after CHOP and ESHAP chemotherapies but achieved a partial response after two cycles of romidepsin as salvage treatment. HLA-haploidentical peripheral blood stem cell transplantation was performed using conditioning with fludarabine 180 mg/sqm, melphalan 80 mg/sqm, and total body irradiation 2 Gy, and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis with post-transplantation cyclophosphamide. One month after HCT, disease progression was observed in the lung. Romidepsin was readministered every 2 weeks at a reduced dose of 12 mg/sqm. After two cycles of romidepsin, the patient achieved a complete metabolic response without severe GVHD or other non-hematological toxicities. Romidepsin was discontinued after seven treatment cycles due to prolonged lymphopenia. The patient remains in complete remission 30 months after the last dose of romidepsin. Our experience suggests that romidepsin could be safely administered soon after allogeneic transplantation.

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation for peripheral T cell lymphomas: a retrospective study in 285 patients from the Société Francophone de Greffe de Moelle et de Thérapie Cellulaire (SFGM-TC)

BACKGROUND

Peripheral T cell lymphomas form a heterogeneous group with a usually dismal prognostic. The place of allogeneic stem cell transplantation to treat PTCL is debated.

METHODS

We retrospectively analyzed the overall survival (OS), event-free survival (EFS), relapse, and transplant-related mortality (TRM) and associated variables in 285 adults with non-primary cutaneous PTCL (PCTL-NOS (39%), angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphomas (29%), anaplastic T cell lymphomas (15%), and other subtypes (17%)), who received alloSCT in 34 centers between 2006 and 2014.

RESULTS

AlloSCT was given as part of front-line therapy (n = 138) to 93 patients in first complete response (CR) and 45 in first partial response (PR), and of salvage therapy (n = 147) to 116 patients for second or more CR/PR and 31 for progressive disease. Reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) was given to 172 patients (62%), while 107 (38%) received myeloablative conditioning (MAC). The median follow-up was 72.4 months. The 2- and 4-year OS were 65% and 59%, respectively, and the cumulative incidence of relapse was 18% after 1 year and 19% after 2 years. TRM was 21% at 1 year, 24% after 2 years, and 28% after 4 years. In multivariate analysis, grade III-IV acute GvHD (HR = 2.57, 95% CI 1.53-4.31; p = 0.00036), low Karnofsky score < 80% (HR = 5.14, 95% CI 2.02-13.06; p = 0.00058), and progressive disease status before transplant (HR = 2.21, 95% CI 1.25-3.89; p = 0.0062) were significantly associated with a reduced OS.

CONCLUSIONS

The data demonstrate in the largest retrospective cohort of non-cutaneous PTCL so far reported that alloSCT after RIC or MAC is an effective strategy, even in chemoresistant patients.

Immunothérapie et greffe de cellules souches hématopoïétiques allogéniques

IMMUNOTHERAPY AND ALLOGENEIC STEM CELLS TRANSPLANTATION

Allogeneic stem cell transplantations represent perfect example of immunotherapy. Its positive aspects are due to the graft versus tumor effect. Unfortunately, this therapeutic advantage is usually associated with graft versus host effects. While the mechanism of these two graft reactions remain unclear, this is possible to modulate these immunologic effects. The type of conditioning regimen, the source of donor and the use of donor cells after the transplantation may influence the toxicity and the tumor response, leading to a better optimization of the procedure. This paper is presenting all the parameters which may contribute to improve allogeneic stem cell transplantations.

[Outcome of haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for non-Hodgkin lymphoma]

目的

探讨单倍型造血干细胞移植（Haplo-HSCT）治疗复发难治侵袭性非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）患者的疗效和安全性。

方法

回顾性分析2004年1月至2015年3月采用亲缘Haplo-HSCT治疗的26例复发难治侵袭性NHL患者临床资料。

结果

26例患者中弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤（DLBCL）4例，滤泡性淋巴瘤1例，B淋巴母细胞淋巴瘤／白血病5例，T淋巴母细胞淋巴瘤／白血病9例，间变性大细胞淋巴瘤（ALK阴性）1例，外周T细胞淋巴瘤（非特指型）5例，NK/T细胞淋巴瘤1例。Ann Arbor分期：Ⅲ期6例，Ⅳ期20例。26例患者移植前状态：第1次完全缓解（CR1) 7例，第2次完全缓解（CR2）4例，部分缓解（PR）7例，疾病稳定（SD）1例，疾病进展（PD）7例。其中复发难治性病例19例。移植后26例患者均获粒系造血重建，粒细胞中位植入时间为12(11~17) d。25例患者获巨核系造血重建，血小板中位植入时间为14(11~31) d。所有患者在+30 d经植入鉴定证实为完全供者嵌合体。中位随访时间14(4~136）个月，26例患者中20例（76.92%）存活，15例（57.69%）无病存活，7例（26.92%）复发（其中2例死亡，5例存活）。预处理相关不良反应经对症处理后症状均消失。Haplo-HSCT后2年累积复发率为42.20%；2年总生存（OS）率为71.60%；2年无病生存（DFS）率为48.90%。移植前CR患者移植后2年OS与DFS率均明显高于移植前未达CR的患者（OS：100.0％对52.4%，P=0.023；DFS：88.9％对27.0%，P=0.013）。

结论

对于不适合行自体造血干细胞移植且无完全相合供者的复发难治侵袭性NHL患者，尝试进行Haplo-HSCT有效、安全。