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MAPK/ERK-CBP-RFPL-3 Mediates Adipose-Derived Stem Cell-Induced Tumor Growth in Breast Cancer Cells by Activating Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Expression. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:8540535. [PMID: 35711680 PMCID: PMC9197637 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8540535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) improve the self-renewal and survival of fat grafts in breast reconstruction after oncology surgery. However, ASCs have also been found to enhance breast cancer growth, and its role in tumor proliferation remains largely elusive. Here, we explored a novel mechanism that mediates hTERT reactivation during ASC-induced tumor growth in breast cancer cells. In this study, we found the proliferative ability of breast cancer cells markedly increased with ASC coculture. To explore the molecular mechanism, we treated cells with anibody/inhibitor and found that the activation of MEK-ERK pathway was triggered in breast cancer cells by SCF secreted from ASCs, leading to the nuclear recruitment of CBP. As a coactivator of hTERT, CBP subsequently coordinated with RFPL-3 upregulated hTERT transcription and telomerase activity. The inhibition of CBP and RFPL-3 abrogated the activation of hTERT transcription and the promotion of proliferation in breast cancer cells with cocultured ASCs in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our study findings indicated that CBP coordination with RFPL-3 promotes ASC-induced breast cancer cell proliferation by anchoring to the hTERT promoter and upregulating telomerase activity, which is activated by the MAPK/ERK pathway.
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Wang J. Prognostic score model-based signature genes for predicting the prognosis of metastatic skin cutaneous melanoma. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2021; 18:5125-5145. [PMID: 34517481 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2021261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is the most invasive malignancy of skin cancer. Metastasis to distant lymph nodes or other system is an indicator of poor prognosis in melanoma patients. The aim of this study was to identify reliable prognostic biomarkers for SKCMs. METHODS Four RNA-sequencing datasets associated with SKCMs were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database as well as corresponding clinical information. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened between primary and metastatic samples by using MetaDE tool. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was conducted to screen functional modules. A prognostic score (PS)-based predictive model and nomogram model were constructed to identify signature genes and independent clinicopathologic factors. RESULTS Based on MetaDE analysis and WGCNA, a total of 456 overlapped genes were identified as hub genes related to SKCMs progression. Functional enrichment analysis revealed these genes were mainly involved in the hippo signaling pathway, signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells, pathways in cancer. In addition, eight optimal DEGs (RFPL1S, CTSV, EGLN3, etc.) were identified as signature genes by using PS model. Cox regression analysis revealed that pathologic stage T, N and recurrence were independent prognostic factors. Three clinical factors and PS status were incorporated to construct a nomogram predictive model for estimating the three years and five-year survival probability of individuals. CONCLUSIONS The prognosis prediction model of this study may provide a promising method for decision making in clinic and prognosis predicting of SKCM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaping Wang
- Laboratory Medicine, Donghai County People's Hospital, Lianyungang City, Jiangsu 222300, China
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Tian S, Meng G, Zhang W. A six-mRNA prognostic model to predict survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 11:131-142. [PMID: 30588115 PMCID: PMC6305138 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s185875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcriptional dysregulation is one of the most important features of cancer genesis and progression. Applying gene expression dysregulation information to predict the development of cancers is useful for cancer diagnosis. However, previous studies mainly focused on the relationship between a single gene and cancer. Prognostic prediction using combined gene models remains limited. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gene expression profiles were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the data sets were randomly divided into training data sets and test data sets. A six-gene signature associated with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and overall survival (OS) was identified according to a training cohort by using weighted gene correlation network analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression. The test data set and gene expression omnibus (GEO) data set were used to validate this signature. RESULTS We identified six candidate genes, namely, FOXL2NB, PCOLCE2, SPINK6, ULBP2, KCNJ18, and RFPL1, and, using a six-gene model, predicted the risk of death of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in The Cancer Genome Atlas. At a selected cutoff, patients were clustered into low- and high-risk groups. The OS curves of the two groups of patients had significant differences, and the time-dependent receiver operating characteristics of OS, disease-specific survival (DSS), and progression-free survival (PFS) were as high as 0.766, 0.731, and 0.623, respectively. Then, the test data set and the GEO data set were used to evaluate our model, and we found that the OS time in the high-risk group was significantly shorter than in the low-risk group in both data sets, and the receiver operating characteristics of test data set were 0.669, 0.675, and 0.614, respectively. Furthermore, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that the risk score was independent of clinicopathological features. CONCLUSION The six-gene model could predict the OS of HNSCC patients and improve therapeutic decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisai Tian
- Department of Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China,
| | - Guofeng Meng
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China,
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Department of Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China,
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China,
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Generation of a PAX6 knockout glioblastoma cell line with changes in cell cycle distribution and sensitivity to oxidative stress. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:496. [PMID: 29716531 PMCID: PMC5930953 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4394-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transcription factor PAX6 is expressed in various cancers. In anaplastic astrocytic glioma, PAX6 expression is inversely related to tumor grade, resulting in low PAX6 expression in Glioblastoma, the highest-grade astrocytic glioma. The aim of the present study was to develop a PAX6 knock out cell line as a tool for molecular studies of the roles PAX6 have in attenuating glioblastoma tumor progression. METHODS The CRISPR-Cas9 technique was used to knock out PAX6 in U251 N cells. Viral transduction of a doxycycline inducible EGFP-PAX6 expression vector was used to re-introduce (rescue) PAX6 expression in the PAX6 knock out cells. The knock out and rescued cells were rigorously characterized by analyzing morphology, proliferation, colony forming abilities and responses to oxidative stress and chemotherapeutic agents. RESULTS The knock out cells had increased proliferation and colony forming abilities compared to wild type cells, consistent with clinical observations indicating that PAX6 functions as a tumor-suppressor. Cell cycle distribution and sensitivity to H2O2 induced oxidative stress were further studied, as well as the effect of different chemotherapeutic agents. For the PAX6 knock out cells, the percentage of cells in G2/M phase increased compared to PAX6 control cells, indicating that PAX6 keeps U251 N cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Interestingly, PAX6 knock out cells were more resilient to H2O2 induced oxidative stress than wild type cells. Chemotherapy treatment is known to generate oxidative stress, hence the effect of several chemotherapeutic agents were tested. We discovered interesting differences in the sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs (Temozolomide, Withaferin A and Sulforaphane) between the PAX6 expressing and non-expressing cells. CONCLUSIONS The U251 N PAX6 knock out cell lines generated can be used as a tool to study the molecular functions and mechanisms of PAX6 as a tumor suppressor with regard to tumor progression and treatment of glioblastoma.
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Gong X, Wei W, Chen L, Xia Z, Yu C. Comprehensive analysis of long non-coding RNA expression profiles in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:42422-42430. [PMID: 27285756 PMCID: PMC5173145 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common kinds of malignancies and is closely correlated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Recent evidence has proved that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are implicated in development and progression of cancer. However, the contributions of lncRNAs to HBV-related HCC remain largely unknown. Here, we comprehensively investigated lncRNA expression profiles in HBV-related HCC by annotating and analyzing microarray datasets. By analyzing 42 HCC tissue samples with different etiology (HBV-related, alcohol-related, and primary HCC) and 15 normal liver tissues, we identified 182 lncRNAs that were specifically differentially expressed in HBV-related HCC, namely HBV-related HCC specific lncRNAs(HH-lncRNAs). Using an online function annotation tool, we found these HH-lncRNAs were associated many oncogenes and immunity related biological processes. 6 candidate HH-lncRNAs were selected and further validated by quantitative real-time PCR analysis in a cohort of HCC tissue samples. Function of a candidate HH-lncRNAs, BAIAP2-AS1, was further predicted by co-expression network and gene set enrichment analysis. These findings provide insights into HH-lncRNAs and offer resource for further search of biomarkers and therapeutic targets of HBV-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianli Gong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Lan Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Zhi Xia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Chengbo Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China
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RFPL3 and CBP synergistically upregulate hTERT activity and promote lung cancer growth. Oncotarget 2016; 6:27130-45. [PMID: 26318425 PMCID: PMC4694978 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
hTERT is the key component of telomerase and its overactivation contributes to maintaining telomere length and cell immortalization. Previously, we identified RFPL3 as a new transcription activator of hTERT in lung cancers. However, the exact mechanism of RFPL3 in mediating hTERT activation and its associated signal regulatory network remain unclear. In this study, we found that RFPL3 colocalized and interacted directly with CBP in the nucleus of lung cancer cells. Immunohistochemical analysis of tissue microarrays of lung cancers revealed the simultaneous overexpression of both RFPL3 and CBP predicted relatively poor prognosis. Furthermore, we confirmed their synergistic stimulation on hTERT expression and tumor cell growth. The binding of RFPL3 to hTERT promoter was reduced markedly when CBP was knocked down by its specific siRNA or suppressed by its inhibitor in lung cancer cells with stable overexpression of RFPL3. When one of the two proteins RFPL3 and CBP was upregulated or downregulated, whereas the another remains unchanged, hTERT expression and telomerase activity were activated or repressed accordingly. In the meantime, the growth of lung cancer cells was also promoted or attenuated accordingly. Furthermore, we also found that RFPL3 coordinated with CBP to upregulate hTERT through the CBP-induced acetylation of RFPL3 protein and their co-anchoring at hTERT promoter region. Collectively, our results reveal a new mechanism of hTERT regulation in lung cancer cells and suggest the RFPL3/CBP/hTERT signaling pathway may be a new targets for lung cancer treatment.
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Chen W, Lu J, Qin Y, Wang J, Tian Y, Shi D, Wang S, Xiao Y, Dai M, Liu L, Wei G, Wu T, Jin B, Xiao X, Kang TB, Huang W, Deng W. Ret finger protein-like 3 promotes tumor cell growth by activating telomerase reverse transcriptase expression in human lung cancer cells. Oncotarget 2015; 5:11909-23. [PMID: 25481043 PMCID: PMC4322990 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we identified ret finger protein-like 3 (RFPL3) as a hTERT promoter binding protein in lung cancer cells. The high hTERT promoter-binding activity of RFPL3 was detected in lung cancer cells compared to normal cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation confirmed RFPL3 as a tumor-specific hTERT promoter binding protein. Overexpression of RFPL3 activated hTERT promoter and up-regulated hTERT expression and telomerase activity. Inhibition of RFPL3 expression by siRNA suppressed hTERT promoter activation and telomerase activity. Inhibition of RFPL3 by siRNA or shRNA also significantly inhibited tumor cell growth in vitro and in a xenograft mouse model in vivo. Immunohistochemical analysis of 181 human lung adenocarcinomas specimens showed a significant correlation between RFPL3 and hTERT expression. The overexpression of RFPL3 was also associated significantly with lymph node metastasis. Univariate and multivariate Cox model analyses of NSCLC clinical specimens revealed a strong correlation between RFPL3 expression and overall survival. These results demonstrate that RFPL3 is an important cellular factor which promotes lung cancer growth by activating hTERT expression and may be a potential novel therapeutic target for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangbing Chen
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China. Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianjun Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Qin
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell & The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jingshu Wang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Tian
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dingbo Shi
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shusen Wang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell & The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Meng Dai
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell & The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell & The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Guo Wei
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell & The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Taihua Wu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell & The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bilian Jin
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell & The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiangsheng Xiao
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tie-Bang Kang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenlin Huang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China. State Key Laboratory of Targeted Drug for Tumors of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Double Bioproduct Inc., Guangzhou, China
| | - Wuguo Deng
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China. State Key Laboratory of Targeted Drug for Tumors of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Double Bioproduct Inc., Guangzhou, China
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Ma SL, Li AJ, Hu ZY, Shang FS, Wu MC. Co‑expression of the carbamoyl‑phosphate synthase 1 gene and its long non‑coding RNA correlates with poor prognosis of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:7915-26. [PMID: 26499888 PMCID: PMC4758274 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms leading to high rates of malignancy and recurrence of human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) remain unclear. It is difficult to diagnose and assess the prognosis of patients with ICC in the clinic due to the lack of specific biomarkers. In addition, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to serve important roles in certain types of tumorigenesis however a role in ICC remains to be reported. The aim of the current study was to screen for genes and lncRNAs that are abnormally expressed in ICC and to investigate their biological and clinicopathological significance in ICC. The global gene and lncRNA expression profiles in ICC were measured using bioinformatics analysis. Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1 (CPS1) and its lncRNA CPS1 intronic transcript 1 (CPS1-IT1) were observed to be upregulated in ICC. The expression of CPS1 and CPS1-IT1 was measured in 31 tissue samples from patients with ICC and a number of cell lines. The effects of CPS1 and CPS1-IT1 on the proliferation and apoptosis of the ICC-9810 cell line were measured. In addition, the clinicopathological features and survival rates of patients with ICC with respect to the gene and lncRNA expression status were analyzed. CPS1 and CPS1-IT1 were co-upregulated in ICC tissues compared with non-cancerous tissues. Knockdown of CPS1 andor CPS1-IT1 reduced the proliferation and increased the apoptosis of ICC-9810 cells. Additionally, clinical analysis indicated that CPS1 and CPS1-IT1 were associated with poor liver function and reduced survival rates when the relative expression values were greater than 4 in cancer tissues. The comparisons between the high CPS1 expression group and the low expression group indicated significant differences in international normalized ratio (P=0.048), total protein (P=0.049), indirect bilirubin (P=0.025), alkaline phosphatase (P=0.003) and disease-free survival (P=0.034). In addition, there were differential trends in CA19-9 (P=0.068), globulin (P=0.052) and total bilirubin (P=0.066). The comparisons between the high CPS1-IT1 expression group and the low expression group indicated significant differences in lymphatic invasion (P=0.045), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (P=0.044), disease-free survival (P=0.026), and non-significant differential trends in alkaline phosphatase were observed (P=0.085). In conclusion, CPS1 and CPS1-IT1 may serve an important role in ICC development by promoting the proliferation of ICC cells. Furthermore, CPS1 and CPS1-IT1 were associated with poor liver function and reduced survival rates. Thus, CPS1 and CPS1-IT1 may be potential prognostic indicators for patients with ICC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen-Lin Ma
- Department of Second Special Treatment, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Ai-Jun Li
- Department of Second Special Treatment, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Yang Hu
- Tumor Research Institute, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, P.R. China
| | - Fu-Sheng Shang
- Department of Experiments, Shanghai Fu Neng Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Chao Wu
- Department of Second Special Treatment, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
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Zhang J, Zhu N, Chen X. A novel long noncoding RNA LINC01133 is upregulated in lung squamous cell cancer and predicts survival. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:7465-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3460-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Zeng G, Liu J, Chen H, Liu B, Zhang Q, Li M, Zhu R. Dihydromyricetin induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in melanoma SK-MEL-28 cells. Oncol Rep 2014; 31:2713-9. [PMID: 24789439 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Dihydromyricetin (DHM) exhibits multiple pharmacological activities; however, the role of DHM in anti-melanoma activities and the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of DHM on cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution and apoptosis in the human melanoma SK-MEL-28 cell line, and to explore the related mechanisms. The effect of DHM on cell proliferation was investigated by MTT assay, and cell cycle distribution was determined by flow cytometry. TUNEL assay was used to evaluate DHM-mediated apoptosis, and western blotting was applied to examine expression levels of p53, p21, Cdc25A, Cdc2, P-Cdc2, Bax, IKK-α, NF-κB p65, p38 and P-p38 proteins. The results revealed that DHM suppressed cell proliferation of SK-MEL-28 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, and caused cell cycle arrest at the G1/S phase. DHM increased the production of p53 and p21 proteins and downregulated the production of Cdc25A, Cdc2 and P-Cdc2 proteins, which induced cell cycle arrest. Additionally, DHM significantly induced the apoptosis of SK-MEL-28 cells, and enhanced the expression levels of Bax proteins and decreased the protein levels of IKK-α, NF-κB (p65) and P-p38. The results suggest that DHM may be a novel and effective candidate agent to inhibit the growth of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofang Zeng
- Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Hege Chen
- Laboratory of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Qingyu Zhang
- Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Mingyi Li
- Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Runzhi Zhu
- Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
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Zhao X, Yue W, Zhang L, Ma L, Jia W, Qian Z, Zhang C, Wang Y. Downregulation of PAX6 by shRNA inhibits proliferation and cell cycle progression of human non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85738. [PMID: 24454925 PMCID: PMC3893268 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The transcription factor PAX6 is primarily expressed in embryos. PAX6 is also expressed in several tumors and plays an oncogenic role. However, little is known about the role of PAX6 in lung cancer. Methods The function of PAX6 in lung cancer cells was evaluated by small interfering RNA-mediated depletion of the protein followed by analyses of cell proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, and cell cycle arrest. The changes of cyclin D1, pRB, ERK1/2, p38 expression caused by PAX6 inhibition were detected using western-blotting. The PAX6 mRNA level in 52 pairs of tumors and corresponding matched adjacent normal tissues from non-small cell lung cancer patients and lung cancer cell lines was detected by real-time PCR. Results Suppression of PAX6 expression inhibited cell growth and colony formation in A549 and H1299 cells. The percentage of cells in G1-phase increased when PAX6 expression was inhibited. The cyclin D1 protein level, as well as the pRB phosphorylation level, decreased as a result of PAX6 down-regulation. The activity of ERK1/2 and p38 was also suppressed in PAX6 knock-down cells. The PAX6 mRNA was highly expressed in lung cancer tissue and lung cancer cell lines. In most patients (about 65%), the relative ratio of PAX6 mRNA in primary NSCLC versus adjacent tissues exceeded 100. Conclusions Our data implicated that PAX6 accelerates cell cycle progression by activating MAPK signal pathway. PAX6 mRNA levels were significantly elevated in primary lung cancer tissues compared to their matched adjacent tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Zhao
- Department of Cellular Biology, Beijing TB and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wentao Yue
- Department of Cellular Biology, Beijing TB and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Cellular Biology, Beijing TB and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Cellular Biology, Beijing TB and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyun Jia
- Department of Cellular Biology, Beijing TB and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Qian
- Department of Cellular Biology, Beijing TB and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- Department of Cellular Biology, Beijing TB and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Cellular Biology, Beijing TB and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Zhang X, Sun S, Pu JKS, Tsang ACO, Lee D, Man VOY, Lui WM, Wong STS, Leung GKK. Long non-coding RNA expression profiles predict clinical phenotypes in glioma. Neurobiol Dis 2012; 48:1-8. [PMID: 22709987 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the commonest form of primary brain tumor in adults with varying malignancy grades and histological subtypes. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a novel class of non-protein-coding transcripts that have been shown to play important roles in cancer development. To discover novel tumor-related lncRNAs and determine their associations with glioma subtypes, we first applied a lncRNA classification pipeline to identify 1970 lncRNAs that were represented on Affymetrix HG-U133 Plus 2.0 array. We then analyzed the lncRNA expression patterns in a set of previously published glioma gene expression profiles of 268 clinical specimens, and identified sets of lncRNAs that were unique to different histological subtypes (astrocytic versus oligodendroglial tumors) and malignancy grades. These lncRNAs signatures were then subject to validation in another non-overlapping, independent data set that contained 157 glioma samples. This is the first reported study that correlates lncRNA expression profiles with malignancy grade and histological differentiation in human gliomas. Our findings indicate the potential roles of lncRNAs in the biogenesis, development and differentiation of gliomas, and provide an important platform for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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Konopka G, Geschwind DH. Human brain evolution: harnessing the genomics (r)evolution to link genes, cognition, and behavior. Neuron 2010; 68:231-44. [PMID: 20955931 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2010.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of the human brain has resulted in numerous specialized features including higher cognitive processes such as language. Knowledge of whole-genome sequence and structural variation via high-throughput sequencing technology provides an unprecedented opportunity to view human evolution at high resolution. However, phenotype discovery is a critical component of these endeavors and the use of nontraditional model organisms will also be critical for piecing together a complete picture. Ultimately, the union of developmental studies of the brain with studies of unique phenotypes in a myriad of species will result in a more thorough model of the groundwork the human brain was built upon. Furthermore, these integrative approaches should provide important insights into human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Konopka
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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