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Sharma V, Vinchure OS, Yadav G, Sarkar C, Kulshreshtha R. A novel interplay between PRC2 and miR-3189 regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via modulating COL6A2 in glioblastoma. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31326. [PMID: 38860406 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies have shed light on disrupted collagen signaling in Gliomas, yet the regulatory landscape remains largely unexplored. This study enquired into the role of polycomb repressive complex-2 (PRC2)-mediated H3K27me3 modification, a key epigenetic factor in glioma. Using in-house data, we identified miRNAs downregulated in glioblastoma (GBM) with the potential to regulate Collagen VI family genes. Notably, miR-3189 emerged as a prime PRC2 target. Its expression was significantly downregulated in Indian GBM patients as well as other glioma cohorts. Mechanistic insights, involving Luciferase assays, mutagenesis, and Western blot analysis, confirmed direct targeting of Collagen VI member COL6A2 by miR-3189-3p. Functional assays demonstrated that miR-3189-3p restrained GBM malignancy by inhibiting proliferation, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Conversely, COL6A2 overexpressed in GBM patients, countered miR-3189, and promoted the malignant phenotype. Gene set enrichment analysis highlighted EMT enrichment in GBM patients with elevated COL6A2 expression, carrying prognostic implications. This study uncovers intricate interactions between two epigenetic regulators-H3K27me3 and miR-3189-working synergistically to modulate Collagen VI gene; thus, influencing the malignancy of GBM. Targeting this H3K27me3|miR-3189-3p|COL6A2 axis presents a potential therapeutic avenue against GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Sharma
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
- Centralized Core Research Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Omkar Suhas Vinchure
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Garima Yadav
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Chitra Sarkar
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ritu Kulshreshtha
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
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2
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Sarkar A, Paul A, Banerjee T, Maji A, Saha S, Bishayee A, Maity TK. Therapeutic advancements in targeting BCL-2 family proteins by epigenetic regulators, natural, and synthetic agents in cancer. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 944:175588. [PMID: 36791843 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is amongst the deadliest and most disruptive disorders, having a much higher death rate than other diseases worldwide. Human cancer rates continue to rise, thereby posing the most significant concerns for medical health professionals. In the last two decades, researchers have gone past several milestones in tackling cancer while gaining insight into the role of apoptosis in cancer or targeting various biomarker tools for prognosis and diagnosis. Apoptosis which is still a topic full of complexities, can be controlled considerably by B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) and its family members. Therefore, targeting proteins of this family to prevent tumorigenesis, is essential to focus on the pharmacological features of the anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic members, which will help to develop and manage this disorder. This review deals with the advancements of various epigenetic regulators to target BCL-2 family proteins, including the mechanism of several microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Similarly, a rise in natural and synthetic molecules' research over the last two decades has allowed us to acquire insights into understanding and managing the transcriptional alterations that have led to apoptosis and treating various neoplastic diseases. Furthermore, several inhibitors targeting anti-apoptotic proteins and inducers or activators targeting pro-apoptotic proteins in preclinical and clinical stages have been summarized. Overall, agonistic and antagonistic mechanisms of BCL-2 family proteins conciliated by epigenetic regulators, natural and synthetic agents have proven to be an excellent choice in developing cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Sarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | - Abhik Paul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | - Tanmoy Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | - Avik Maji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | - Sanjukta Saha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, 34211, USA.
| | - Tapan Kumar Maity
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, 700032, India.
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3
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Yeh CF, Lee WY, Yu TH, Hsu YB, Lan MC, Lan MY. Antipsychotic drug trifluoperazine as a potential therapeutic agent against nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Head Neck 2023; 45:316-328. [PMID: 36349408 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trifluoperazine (TFP) is a typical antipsychotic primarily used to treat schizophrenia. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether TFP can be used as a therapeutic agent against nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and identify its underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS We used NPC-TW01, TW03, TW04, and BM to assess the anticancer effects of TFP by using cytotoxicity, wound healing, colony formation, and cell invasion assays. An in vivo animal study was conducted. RNA sequencing combined with Ingenuity Pathways Analysis was performed to identify the mechanism by which TFP influences NPC cells. RESULTS Our data revealed that TFP decreased NPC cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. The invasion and migration of NPC tumor cells were inhibited by TFP. An in vivo study also demonstrated the anticancer effects of TFP. RNA sequencing revealed several anticancer molecular mechanisms following TFP administration. CONCLUSIONS The antipsychotic drug TFP could be a potential therapeutic regimen for NPC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Fu Yeh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ya Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Han Yu
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Bin Hsu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chin Lan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ying Lan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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4
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Bao F, Liu J, Chen H, Miao L, Xu Z, Zhang G. Diagnosis Biomarkers of Cholangiocarcinoma in Human Bile: An Evidence-Based Study. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14163921. [PMID: 36010914 PMCID: PMC9406189 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A liquid biopsy has the characteristics of low trauma and easy acquisition in the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma. Many researchers try to find diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers of CCA through blood, urine, bile and other body fluids. Due to the close proximity of bile to the lesion and the stable nature, bile gradually comes into people’s view. The evaluation of human bile diagnostic biomarkers is not only to the benefit of screening more suitable clinical markers but also of exploring the pathological changes of the disease. Abstract Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a multifactorial malignant tumor of the biliary tract, and the incidence of CCA is increasing in recent years. At present, the diagnosis of CCA mainly depends on imaging and invasive examination, with limited specificity and sensitivity and late detection. The early diagnosis of CCA always faces the dilemma of lacking specific diagnostic biomarkers. Non-invasive methods to assess the degree of CAA have been developed throughout the last decades. Among the many specimens looking for CCA biomarkers, bile has gotten a lot of attention lately. This paper mainly summarizes the recent developments in the current research on the diagnostic biomarkers for CCA in human bile at the levels of the gene, protein, metabolite, extracellular vesicles and volatile organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Bao
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian 116044, China
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic-Biliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 222, Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116011, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jiayue Liu
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian 116044, China
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic-Biliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 222, Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Haiyang Chen
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian 116044, China
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic-Biliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 222, Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Lu Miao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhaochao Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- Correspondence: (Z.X.); (G.Z.)
| | - Guixin Zhang
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian 116044, China
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic-Biliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 222, Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116011, China
- Correspondence: (Z.X.); (G.Z.)
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Vittori C, Jeansonne D, Yousefi H, Faia C, Lin Z, Reiss K, Peruzzi F. Mechanisms of miR-3189-3p-mediated inhibition of c-MYC translation in triple negative breast cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:204. [PMID: 35642054 PMCID: PMC9158314 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02620-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer characterized by the lack of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2. Our lab previously characterized miR-3189-3p as a microRNA with potent anti-cancer activity against glioblastoma. Here, we hypothesized a similar activity in TNBC cells. As miR-3189-3p is predicted to target a variety of RNA binding proteins, we further hypothesized an inhibitory effect of this miRNA on protein synthesis. METHODS MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells were used to investigate the effect of miR-3189-3p on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. TGCA database was used to analyze the expression of miR-3189-3p, c-MYC, 4EPB1, and eIF4E in breast cancer. Western blotting and RT-qPCR assays were used to assess the expression of selected proteins and RNAs after transfections. RESULTS Although c-MYC is not a predicted gene target for miR-3189-3p, we discovered that c-MYC protein is downregulated in miRNA-treated TNBC cells. We found that the downregulation of c-MYC by miR-3189-3p occurs in both normal growth conditions and in the absence of serum. The mechanism involved the direct inhibition of eIF4EBP1 by miR-3189-3p. Additionally, we found that miR-3189-3p could negatively affect cap-independent translation mediated by internal ribosome entry sites (IRES) or by m6A. Finally, miR-3189-3p sensitized TNBC cells to doxorubicin. CONCLUSION Overall, results indicated that miR-3189-3p exerts its anti-tumor activity through targeting translational regulatory proteins leading to an impairment in c-MYC translation, and possibly other oncogenic factors, suggesting that miR-3189-3p, alone or in combination, could be a valuable therapeutic approach against a malignancy with few treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Vittori
- grid.279863.10000 0000 8954 1233Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, 1700 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Duane Jeansonne
- grid.279863.10000 0000 8954 1233Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, 1700 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Hassan Yousefi
- grid.279863.10000 0000 8954 1233Department of Biochemistry, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 533 Bolivar St., New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Celeste Faia
- grid.279863.10000 0000 8954 1233Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, 1700 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Zhen Lin
- grid.265219.b0000 0001 2217 8588Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center and Tulane Cancer Center, 1700 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Krzysztof Reiss
- grid.279863.10000 0000 8954 1233Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, 1700 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Francesca Peruzzi
- grid.279863.10000 0000 8954 1233Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, 1700 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA USA
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6
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Jiang WW, Zhang ZZ, He PP, Jiang LP, Chen JZ, Zhang XT, Hu M, Zhang YK, Ouyang XP. Emerging roles of growth differentiation factor-15 in brain disorders (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1270. [PMID: 34594407 PMCID: PMC8456456 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain disorders, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease and cerebral stroke, are an important contributor to mortality and disability worldwide, where their pathogenesis is currently a topic of intense research. The mechanisms underlying the development of brain disorders are complex and vary widely, including aberrant protein aggregation, ischemic cell necrosis and neuronal dysfunction. Previous studies have found that the expression and function of growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF15) is closely associated with the incidence of brain disorders. GDF15 is a member of the TGFβ superfamily, which is a dimer-structured stress-response protein. The expression of GDF15 is regulated by a number of proteins upstream, including p53, early growth response-1, non-coding RNAs and hormones. In particular, GDF15 has been reported to serve an important role in regulating angiogenesis, apoptosis, lipid metabolism and inflammation. For example, GDF15 can promote angiogenesis by promoting the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells, apoptosis of prostate cancer cells and fat metabolism in fasted mice, and GDF15 can decrease the inflammatory response of lipopolysaccharide-treated mice. The present article reviews the structure and biosynthesis of GDF15, in addition to the possible roles of GDF15 in Alzheimer's disease, cerebral stroke and Parkinson's disease. The purpose of the present review is to summarize the mechanism underlying the role of GDF15 in various brain disorders, which hopes to provide evidence and guide the prevention and treatment of these debilitating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Zhen Zhang
- Department of Medical Humanities, School of Medicine, Hunan Polytechnic of Environment and Biology, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Ping-Ping He
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Centre for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Nursing School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ping Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hunan Taihe Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410004, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Zhi Chen
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Ting Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Mi Hu
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Yang-Kai Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Ping Ouyang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
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7
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Splice and Dice: Intronic microRNAs, Splicing and Cancer. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091268. [PMID: 34572454 PMCID: PMC8465124 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introns span only a quarter of the human genome, yet they host around 60% of all known microRNAs. Emerging evidence indicates the adaptive advantage of microRNAs residing within introns is attributed to their complex co-regulation with transcription and alternative splicing of their host genes. Intronic microRNAs are often co-expressed with their host genes, thereby providing functional synergism or antagonism that is exploited or decoupled in cancer. Additionally, intronic microRNA biogenesis and the alternative splicing of host transcript are co-regulated and intertwined. The importance of intronic microRNAs is under-recognized in relation to the pathogenesis of cancer.
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8
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GDF15 and Cardiac Cells: Current Concepts and New Insights. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168889. [PMID: 34445593 PMCID: PMC8396208 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) belongs to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily of proteins. Glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family receptor α-like (GFRAL) is an endogenous receptor for GDF15 detected selectively in the brain. GDF15 is not normally expressed in the tissue but is prominently induced by “injury”. Serum levels of GDF15 are also increased by aging and in response to cellular stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. It acts as an inflammatory marker and plays a role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, and neurodegenerative processes. Identified as a new heart-derived endocrine hormone that regulates body growth, GDF15 has a local cardioprotective role, presumably due to its autocrine/paracrine properties: antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic. GDF15 expression is highly induced in cardiomyocytes after ischemia/reperfusion and in the heart within hours after myocardial infarction (MI). Recent studies show associations between GDF15, inflammation, and cardiac fibrosis during heart failure and MI. However, the reason for this increase in GDF15 production has not been clearly identified. Experimental and clinical studies support the potential use of GDF15 as a novel therapeutic target (1) by modulating metabolic activity and (2) promoting an adaptive angiogenesis and cardiac regenerative process during cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we comment on new aspects of the biology of GDF15 as a cardiac hormone and show that GDF15 may be a predictive biomarker of adverse cardiac events.
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9
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Abstract
GDF15 is a cell activation and stress response cytokine of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family within the TGF-β superfamily. It acts through a recently identified orphan member of the GFRα family called GFRAL and signals through the Ret coreceptor. Cell stress and disease lead to elevated GDF15 serum levels, causing anorexia, weight loss, and alterations to metabolism, largely by actions on regions of the hindbrain. These changes restore homeostasis and, in the case of obesity, cause a reduction in adiposity. In some diseases, such as advanced cancer, serum GDF15 levels can rise by as much as 10-100-fold, leading to an anorexia-cachexia syndrome, which is often fatal. This review discusses how GDF15 regulates appetite and metabolism, the role it plays in resistance to obesity, and how this impacts diseases such as diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and anorexia-cachexia syndrome. It also discusses potential therapeutic applications of targeting the GDF15-GFRAL pathway and lastly suggests some potential unifying hypotheses for its biological role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel N Breit
- St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St. Vincent's Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; ,
| | - David A Brown
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; .,New South Wales Health Pathology, Institute of Clinical Pathology Research, and Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Vicky Wang-Wei Tsai
- St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St. Vincent's Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; ,
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10
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Li XL, Pongor L, Tang W, Das S, Muys BR, Jones MF, Lazar SB, Dangelmaier EA, Hartford CCR, Grammatikakis I, Hao Q, Sun Q, Schetter A, Martindale JL, Tang B, Jenkins LM, Robles AI, Walker RL, Ambs S, Chari R, Shabalina SA, Gorospe M, Hussain SP, Harris CC, Meltzer PS, Prasanth KV, Aladjem MI, Andresson T, Lal A. A small protein encoded by a putative lncRNA regulates apoptosis and tumorigenicity in human colorectal cancer cells. eLife 2020; 9:e53734. [PMID: 33112233 PMCID: PMC7673786 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are often associated with polysomes, indicating coding potential. However, only a handful of endogenous proteins encoded by putative lncRNAs have been identified and assigned a function. Here, we report the discovery of a putative gastrointestinal-tract-specific lncRNA (LINC00675) that is regulated by the pioneer transcription factor FOXA1 and encodes a conserved small protein of 79 amino acids which we termed FORCP (FOXA1-Regulated Conserved Small Protein). FORCP transcript is undetectable in most cell types but is abundant in well-differentiated colorectal cancer (CRC) cells where it functions to inhibit proliferation, clonogenicity, and tumorigenesis. The epitope-tagged and endogenous FORCP protein predominantly localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In response to ER stress, FORCP depletion results in decreased apoptosis. Our findings on the initial characterization of FORCP demonstrate that FORCP is a novel, conserved small protein encoded by a mis-annotated lncRNA that regulates apoptosis and tumorigenicity in well-differentiated CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ling Li
- Regulatory RNAs and Cancer Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH)BethesdaUnited States
| | - Lőrinc Pongor
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, CCR, NCI, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | - Wei Tang
- Molecular Epidemiology Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, CCR, NCI, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | - Sudipto Das
- Protein Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, IncFrederickUnited States
| | - Bruna R Muys
- Regulatory RNAs and Cancer Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH)BethesdaUnited States
| | - Matthew F Jones
- Regulatory RNAs and Cancer Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH)BethesdaUnited States
| | - Sarah B Lazar
- Regulatory RNAs and Cancer Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH)BethesdaUnited States
| | - Emily A Dangelmaier
- Regulatory RNAs and Cancer Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH)BethesdaUnited States
| | - Corrine CR Hartford
- Regulatory RNAs and Cancer Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH)BethesdaUnited States
| | - Ioannis Grammatikakis
- Regulatory RNAs and Cancer Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH)BethesdaUnited States
| | - Qinyu Hao
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Cancer Center at Illinois University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaUnited States
| | - Qinyu Sun
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Cancer Center at Illinois University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaUnited States
| | - Aaron Schetter
- Molecular Genetics and Carcinogenesis Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, CCR, NCI, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | - Jennifer L Martindale
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIHBaltimoreUnited States
| | - BinWu Tang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, CCR, NCI, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | - Lisa M Jenkins
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, CCR, NCI, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | - Ana I Robles
- Molecular Genetics and Carcinogenesis Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, CCR, NCI, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | - Robert L Walker
- Molecular Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, CCR, NCI, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | - Stefan Ambs
- Molecular Epidemiology Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, CCR, NCI, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | - Raj Chari
- Genome Modification Core, Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, National Cancer InstituteFrederickUnited States
| | - Svetlana A Shabalina
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIHBaltimoreUnited States
| | - S Perwez Hussain
- Pancreatic Cancer Unit, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, CCR, NCI, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | - Curtis C Harris
- Molecular Genetics and Carcinogenesis Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, CCR, NCI, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | - Paul S Meltzer
- Molecular Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, CCR, NCI, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | - Kannanganattu V Prasanth
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Cancer Center at Illinois University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaUnited States
| | - Mirit I Aladjem
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, CCR, NCI, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | - Thorkell Andresson
- Protein Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, IncFrederickUnited States
| | - Ashish Lal
- Regulatory RNAs and Cancer Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH)BethesdaUnited States
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11
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Wesseling M, de Poel JH, de Jager SC. Growth differentiation factor 15 in adverse cardiac remodelling: from biomarker to causal player. ESC Heart Fail 2020; 7:1488-1501. [PMID: 32424982 PMCID: PMC7373942 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a growing health issue as a negative consequence of improved survival upon myocardial infarction, unhealthy lifestyle, and the ageing of our population. The large and complex pathology underlying heart failure makes diagnosis and especially treatment very difficult. There is an urgent demand for discriminative biomarkers to aid disease management of heart failure. Studying cellular pathways and pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to disease initiation and progression is crucial for understanding the disease process and will aid to identification of novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a proven valuable biomarker for different pathologies, including cancer, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Although the prognostic value of GDF15 in heart failure is robust, the biological function of GDF15 in adverse cardiac remodelling is not fully understood. GDF15 is a distant member of the transforming growth factor-β family and involved in various biological processes including inflammation, cell cycle, and apoptosis. However, more research is suggesting a role in fibrosis, hypertrophy, and endothelial dysfunction. As GDF15 is a pleiotropic protein, elucidating the exact role of GDF15 in complex disease processes has proven to be a challenge. In this review, we provide an overview of the role GDF15 plays in various intracellular and extracellular processes underlying heart failure, and we touch upon crucial points that need consideration before GDF15 can be integrated as a biomarker in standard care or when considering GDF15 for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Wesseling
- Laboratory for Experimental CardiologyUniversity Medical Centre UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry and HematologyUniversity Medical Centre UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Julius H.C. de Poel
- Laboratory for Experimental CardiologyUniversity Medical Centre UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Saskia C.A. de Jager
- Laboratory for Experimental CardiologyUniversity Medical Centre UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Laboratory for Translational ImmunologyUniversity Medical Centre UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
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12
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Lockhart SM, Saudek V, O’Rahilly S. GDF15: A Hormone Conveying Somatic Distress to the Brain. Endocr Rev 2020; 41:bnaa007. [PMID: 32310257 PMCID: PMC7299427 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnaa007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
GDF15 has recently gained scientific and translational prominence with the discovery that its receptor is a GFRAL-RET heterodimer of which GFRAL is expressed solely in the hindbrain. Activation of this receptor results in reduced food intake and loss of body weight and is perceived and recalled by animals as aversive. This information encourages a revised interpretation of the large body of previous research on the protein. GDF15 can be secreted by a wide variety of cell types in response to a broad range of stressors. We propose that central sensing of GDF15 via GFRAL-RET activation results in behaviors that facilitate the reduction of exposure to a noxious stimulus. The human trophoblast appears to have hijacked this signal, producing large amounts of GDF15 from early pregnancy. We speculate that this encourages avoidance of potential teratogens in pregnancy. Circulating GDF15 levels are elevated in a range of human disease states, including various forms of cachexia, and GDF15-GFRAL antagonism is emerging as a therapeutic strategy for anorexia/cachexia syndromes. Metformin elevates circulating GDF15 chronically in humans and the weight loss caused by this drug appears to be dependent on the rise in GDF15. This supports the concept that chronic activation of the GDF15-GFRAL axis has efficacy as an antiobesity agent. In this review, we examine the science of GDF15 since its identification in 1997 with our interpretation of this body of work now being assisted by a clear understanding of its highly selective central site of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M Lockhart
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vladimir Saudek
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen O’Rahilly
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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13
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Chen W, Gao C, Liu Y, Wen Y, Hong X, Huang Z. Bioinformatics Analysis of Prognostic miRNA Signature and Potential Critical Genes in Colon Cancer. Front Genet 2020; 11:478. [PMID: 32582275 PMCID: PMC7296168 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to lay a foundation for studying the regulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) in colon cancer by applying bioinformatics methods to identify miRNAs and their potential critical target genes associated with colon cancer and prognosis. Data of differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and genes (DEGs) downloaded from two independent databases (TCGA and GEO) and analyzed by R software resulted in 472 DEMs and 565 DEGs in colon cancers, respectively. Next, we developed an 8-miRNA (hsa-mir-6854, hsa-mir-4437, hsa-mir-216a, hsa-mir-3677, hsa-mir-887, hsa-mir-4999, hsa-mir-34b, and hsa-mir-3189) prognostic signature for patients with colon cancer by Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. To predict the target genes of these miRNAs, we used TargetScan and miRDB. The intersection of DEGs with the target genes predicted for these eight miRNAs retrieved 112 consensus genes. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses showed these 112 genes were mainly involved in protein binding, one-carbon metabolic process, nitrogen metabolism, proteoglycans in cancer, and chemokine signaling pathways. The protein-protein interaction network of the consensus genes, constructed using the STRING database and imported into Cytoscape, identified 14 critical genes in the pathogenesis of colon cancer (CEP55, DTL, FANCI, HMMR, KIF15, MCM6, MKI67, NCAPG2, NEK2, RACGAP1, RRM2, TOP2A, UBE2C, and ZWILCH). Finally, we verified the critical genes by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of the GEO data, and further mined the core genes involved in colon cancer. In summary, this study identified an 8-miRNA model that can effectively predict the prognosis of colon cancer patients and 14 critical genes with vital roles in colon cancer carcinogenesis. Our findings contribute new ideas for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of colon cancer carcinogenesis and provide new therapeutic targets and biomarkers for future treatment and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weigang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Research Platform Service Management Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Chang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Research Platform Service Management Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Research Platform Service Management Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Ying Wen
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Research Platform Service Management Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xiaoling Hong
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Research Platform Service Management Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Zunnan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Research Platform Service Management Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Institute of Marine Biomedical Research, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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14
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Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) in cancer cell metastasis: from the cells to the patients. Clin Exp Metastasis 2020; 37:451-464. [PMID: 32504264 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-020-10041-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), a member of the transforming growth factor β superfamily, has been postulated to be implicated in cancer cell metastasis although its role has not been fully elucidated yet. The purpose of this review is to clarify the role of GDF-15 in cancer cell metastasis based on current advances in the field. The studies were divided into those involving evaluation of GDF15 expression in the serum or tissue of cancer patients, and those involving in vitro experiments in cancer cell lines or in vivo experiments in animal models. GDF15 was shown to be elevated in the serum or tissues of cancer patients with its expression being correlated with decreased survival. Moreover, most in vitro and in vivo studies also corroborated a metastasis-promoting role for GDF15. However, there were a few studies, where GDF15 was shown to suppress the metastatic properties of cells. As, GDF15 has been known for its pleiotropic effects, it is not surprising to behave differently in different types of cancer. Thus, GDF15 has the potential of not only being a useful metastasis biomarker, but also a promising therapeutic target against cancer cell metastasis in many cancer types.
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15
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Verhamme FM, Freeman CM, Brusselle GG, Bracke KR, Curtis JL. GDF-15 in Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 60:621-628. [PMID: 30633545 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0379tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
GDF-15 (growth differentiation factor 15) acts both as a stress-induced cytokine with diverse actions at different body sites and as a cell-autonomous regulator linked to cellular senescence and apoptosis. For multiple reasons, this divergent transforming growth factor-β molecular superfamily member should be better known to pulmonary researchers and clinicians. In ambulatory individuals, GDF-15 concentrations in peripheral blood are an established predictive biomarker of all-cause mortality and of adverse cardiovascular events. Concentrations upon admission of critically ill patients (without or with sepsis) correlate with organ dysfunction and independently predict short- and long-term mortality risk. GDF-15 is a major downstream mediator of p53 activation, but it can also be induced independently of p53, notably by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents. GDF-15 blood concentrations are markedly elevated in adults and children with pulmonary hypertension. Concentrations are also increased in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, in which they contribute to mucus hypersecretion, airway epithelial cell senescence, and impaired antiviral defenses, which together with murine data support a role for GDF-15 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease pathogenesis and progression. This review summarizes biological and clinical data on GDF-15 relevant to pulmonary and critical care medicine. We highlight the recent discovery of a central nervous system receptor for GDF-15, GFRAL (glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family receptor-α-like), an important advance with potential for novel treatments for obesity and cachexia. We also describe limitations and controversies in the existing literature, and we delineate research questions that must be addressed to determine whether GDF-15 can be therapeutically manipulated in other clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fien M Verhamme
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christine M Freeman
- 2 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and.,3 Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,4 VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
| | - Guy G Brusselle
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,5 Department of Epidemiology and.,6 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ken R Bracke
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jeffrey L Curtis
- 2 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and.,3 Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,4 VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
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16
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Fan Y, Yi Z, D'Agati VD, Sun Z, Zhong F, Zhang W, Wen J, Zhou T, Li Z, He L, Zhang Q, Lee K, He JC, Wang N. Comparison of Kidney Transcriptomic Profiles of Early and Advanced Diabetic Nephropathy Reveals Potential New Mechanisms for Disease Progression. Diabetes 2019; 68:2301-2314. [PMID: 31578193 PMCID: PMC6868471 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To identify the factors mediating the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN), we performed RNA sequencing of kidney biopsy samples from patients with early DN, advanced DN, and normal kidney tissue from nephrectomy samples. A set of genes that were upregulated at early but downregulated in late DN were shown to be largely renoprotective, which included genes in the retinoic acid pathway and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor. Another group of genes that were downregulated at early but highly upregulated in advanced DN consisted mostly of genes associated with kidney disease pathogenesis, such as those related to immune response and fibrosis. Correlation with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) identified genes in the pathways of iron transport and cell differentiation to be positively associated with eGFR, while those in the immune response and fibrosis pathways were negatively associated. Correlation with various histopathological features also identified the association with the distinct gene ontological pathways. Deconvolution analysis of the RNA sequencing data set indicated a significant increase in monocytes, fibroblasts, and myofibroblasts in advanced DN kidneys. Our study thus provides potential molecular mechanisms for DN progression and association of differential gene expression with the functional and structural changes observed in patients with early and advanced DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fan
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengzi Yi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Vivette D D'Agati
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Zeguo Sun
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Fang Zhong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Weijia Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Jiejun Wen
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ze Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qunzi Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Kyung Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - John Cijiang He
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Kidney Center at James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY
| | - Niansong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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17
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Scheffer D, Kulcsár G, Nagyéri G, Kiss-Merki M, Rékási Z, Maloy M, Czömpöly T. Active mixture of serum-circulating small molecules selectively inhibits proliferation and triggers apoptosis in cancer cells via induction of ER stress. Cell Signal 2019; 65:109426. [PMID: 31669205 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Genetic and epigenetic regulation as well as immune surveillance are known defense mechanisms to protect organisms from developing cancer. Based on experimental evidence, we proposed that small metabolically active molecules accumulating in cancer cells may play a role in an alternative antitumor surveillance system. Previously, we reported that treatment with a mixture of experimentally selected small molecules, usually found in the serum (defined 'active mixture', AM), selectively induces apoptosis in cancer cells and significantly inhibits tumor formation in vivo. In this study, we show that the AM elicits gene expression changes characteristic of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in HeLa, MCF-7, PC-3 and Caco-2 cancer cells, but not in primary human renal epithelial cells. The activation of the ER stress pathway was confirmed by the upregulation of ATF3, ATF4, CHAC1, DDIT3 and GDF15 proteins. Mechanistically, our investigation revealed that eIF2α, PERK and IRE1α are phosphorylated upon treatment with the AM, linking the induction of ER stress to the antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects of the AM previously demonstrated. Inhibition of ER stress in combination with BBC3 and PMAIP1 knockdown completely abrogated the effect of the AM. Moreover, we also demonstrated that the AM induces mIR-3189-3p, which in turn enhances the expression of ATF3 and DDIT3, thus representing a possible new feedback mechanism in the regulation of ATF3 and DDIT3 during ER stress. Our results highlight small molecules as attractive anticancer agents and warrant further evaluation of the AM in cancer therapy, either alone or in combination with other ER stress inducing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalma Scheffer
- Cancer Research and Drug Development Center, Culevit Ltd., Pécs, Finn u. 1/1., 7630, Hungary
| | - Gyula Kulcsár
- Cancer Research and Drug Development Center, Culevit Ltd., Pécs, Finn u. 1/1., 7630, Hungary
| | - György Nagyéri
- Soft Flow Hungary Ltd., Pécs, Ürögi fasor 2/A, 7628, Hungary
| | | | - Zoltán Rékási
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Szigeti u. 12., 7624, Hungary
| | - Magnus Maloy
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Szigeti u. 12., 7624, Hungary
| | - Tamás Czömpöly
- Cancer Research and Drug Development Center, Culevit Ltd., Pécs, Finn u. 1/1., 7630, Hungary.
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18
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An T, Fan T, Zhang XQ, Liu YF, Huang J, Liang C, Lv BH, Wang YQ, Zhao XG, Liu JX, Fu YH, Jiang GJ. Comparison of Alterations in miRNA Expression in Matched Tissue and Blood Samples during Spinal Cord Glioma Progression. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9169. [PMID: 31235820 PMCID: PMC6591379 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42364-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) contributes to glioma initiation. However, the expression of miRNAs in tumour tissue or blood of spinal cord glioma (SCG) patients, particularly in high-grade spinal gliomas (Grade IV) known as glioblastoma (GBM), remains largely unknown. In this study we aimed to determine differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) in the tissue and blood between spinal cord glioblastoma (SC-GBM) patients and low grade SCG (L-SCG) patients. Additionally, we predicted key miRNA targets and pathways that may be critical in glioma development using pathway and gene ontology analysis. A total of 74 miRNAs were determined to be differentially expressed (25 upregulated and 49 downregulated) in blood, while 207 miRNAs (20 up-regulated and 187 down-regulated) were identified in tissue samples. Gene ontology analysis revealed multicellular organism development and positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process to be primarily involved. Pathway analysis revealed "Glioma", "Signalling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells" to be the most relevant pathways. miRNA-mRNA analysis revealed that hsa-miRNA3196, hsa-miR-27a-3p, and hsa-miR-3664-3p and their target genes are involved in cancer progression. Our study provides a molecular basis for SCG pathological grading based on differential miRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian An
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Tao Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Xin Qing Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, ChuiYangLiu Hospital affiliated to Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100022, China
| | - Yu-Fei Liu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | | | - Cong Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Bo-Han Lv
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yin-Qian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Xin-Gang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jia-Xian Liu
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90007, USA
| | - Yu- Huan Fu
- Molecular Development and Diagnosis of Tumor Pathology, Department of Basic Medicine, Tangshan Vocational and Technical College, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Guang-Jian Jiang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
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19
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Fang L, Li F, Gu C. GDF-15: A Multifunctional Modulator and Potential Therapeutic Target in Cancer. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:654-662. [PMID: 30947652 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190402101143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Various pathological processes are associated with the aberrant expression and function of cytokines, especially those belonging to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family. Nevertheless, the functions of members of the TGF-β family in cancer progression and therapy are still uncertain. Growth differentiation factor- 15, which exists in intracellular and extracellular forms, is classified as a divergent member of the TGF-β superfamily. It has been indicated that GDF-15 is also connected to the evolution of cancer both positively and negatively depending upon the cellular state and environment. Under normal physiological conditions, GDF-15 inhibits early tumour promotion. However, its abnormal expression in advanced cancers causes proliferation, invasion, metastasis, cancer stem cell formation, immune escape and a reduced response to therapy. As a clinical indicator, GDF-15 can be used as a tool for the diagnosis and therapy of an extensive scope of cancers. Although some basic functions of GDF-15 are noncontroversial, their mechanisms remain unclear and complicated at the molecular level. Therefore, GDF-15 needs to be further explored and reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fang
- Department of Thoracic surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, China
| | - Fengzhou Li
- Department of Thoracic surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, China
| | - Chundong Gu
- Department of Thoracic surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, China
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20
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Li XL, Subramanian M, Jones MF, Chaudhary R, Singh DK, Zong X, Gryder B, Sindri S, Mo M, Schetter A, Wen X, Parvathaneni S, Kazandjian D, Jenkins LM, Tang W, Elloumi F, Martindale JL, Huarte M, Zhu Y, Robles AI, Frier SM, Rigo F, Cam M, Ambs S, Sharma S, Harris CC, Dasso M, Prasanth KV, Lal A. Long Noncoding RNA PURPL Suppresses Basal p53 Levels and Promotes Tumorigenicity in Colorectal Cancer. Cell Rep 2018; 20:2408-2423. [PMID: 28877474 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal p53 levels are tightly suppressed under normal conditions. Disrupting this regulation results in elevated p53 levels to induce cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and tumor suppression. Here, we report the suppression of basal p53 levels by a nuclear, p53-regulated long noncoding RNA that we termed PURPL (p53 upregulated regulator of p53 levels). Targeted depletion of PURPL in colorectal cancer cells results in elevated basal p53 levels and induces growth defects in cell culture and in mouse xenografts. PURPL associates with MYBBP1A, a protein that binds to and stabilizes p53, and inhibits the formation of the p53-MYBBP1A complex. In the absence of PURPL, MYBBP1A interacts with and stabilizes p53. Silencing MYBBP1A significantly rescues basal p53 levels and proliferation in PURPL-deficient cells, suggesting that MYBBP1A mediates the effect of PURPL in regulating p53. These results reveal a p53-PURPL auto-regulatory feedback loop and demonstrate a role for PURPL in maintaining basal p53 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ling Li
- Regulatory RNAs and Cancer Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Murugan Subramanian
- Regulatory RNAs and Cancer Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Matthew F Jones
- Regulatory RNAs and Cancer Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ritu Chaudhary
- Regulatory RNAs and Cancer Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Deepak K Singh
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Xinying Zong
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Berkley Gryder
- Oncogenomics Section, Genetics Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sivasish Sindri
- Oncogenomics Section, Genetics Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Min Mo
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Development, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Aaron Schetter
- Molecular Genetics and Carcinogenesis Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xinyu Wen
- Oncogenomics Section, Genetics Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Swetha Parvathaneni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Dickran Kazandjian
- Molecular Genetics and Carcinogenesis Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lisa M Jenkins
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wei Tang
- Molecular Epidemiology Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Fathi Elloumi
- Office of Science and Technology Resources, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jennifer L Martindale
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Maite Huarte
- Center for Applied Medical Research, Department of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Yuelin Zhu
- Molecular Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 28092, USA
| | - Ana I Robles
- Molecular Genetics and Carcinogenesis Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Frank Rigo
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - Maggie Cam
- Office of Science and Technology Resources, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stefan Ambs
- Molecular Epidemiology Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sudha Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Curtis C Harris
- Molecular Genetics and Carcinogenesis Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mary Dasso
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Development, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kannanganattu V Prasanth
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Ashish Lal
- Regulatory RNAs and Cancer Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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21
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Yang F, Barbosa IG, Vieira EL, Bauer ME, Rocha NP, Teixeira AL. Further Evidence of Accelerated Aging in Bipolar Disorder: Focus on GDF-15. Transl Neurosci 2018; 9:17-21. [PMID: 29607212 PMCID: PMC5874508 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2018-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bipolar disorder (BD) is a mood disorder associated with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and premature aging. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) has emerged as a biomarker for cardiovascular risk and aging. Our aim was to compare plasma levels of GDF-15 between BD patients and controls, and to evaluate whether they were associated with clinical parameters. Methods Forty-six patients with type I BD (23 in euthymia and 23 in mania) and 33 healthy controls were recruited for this study. Plasma levels of GDF-15 were measured by immunoassay. Results The levels of GDF-15 were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in patients with BD in comparison with controls. In patients, GDF-15 levels correlated with age (rho = 0.434; p = 0.003) and illness duration (rho = 0.502; p = 0.001). Conclusion Our findings corroborate the view that BD is an illness associated with accelerated aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yang
- Neuropsychiatry Program / Immuno-Psychiatry Lab, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, USA
| | - Izabela G Barbosa
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Erica L Vieira
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Moises E Bauer
- Laboratório de Imunossenescência, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Natalia P Rocha
- Neuropsychiatry Program / Immuno-Psychiatry Lab, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, USA
| | - Antonio L Teixeira
- Neuropsychiatry Program / Immuno-Psychiatry Lab, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, USA.,Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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22
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Jiang J, Thalamuthu A, Ho JE, Mahajan A, Ek WE, Brown DA, Breit SN, Wang TJ, Gyllensten U, Chen MH, Enroth S, Januzzi JL, Lind L, Armstrong NJ, Kwok JB, Schofield PR, Wen W, Trollor JN, Johansson Å, Morris AP, Vasan RS, Sachdev PS, Mather KA. A Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies of Growth Differentiation Factor-15 Concentration in Blood. Front Genet 2018; 9:97. [PMID: 29628937 PMCID: PMC5876753 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood levels of growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), also known as macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1), have been associated with various pathological processes and diseases, including cardiovascular disease and cancer. Prior studies suggest genetic factors play a role in regulating blood MIC-1/GDF-15 concentration. In the current study, we conducted the largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) to date using a sample of ∼5,400 community-based Caucasian participants, to determine the genetic variants associated with MIC-1/GDF-15 blood concentration. Conditional and joint (COJO), gene-based association, and gene-set enrichment analyses were also carried out to identify novel loci, genes, and pathways. Consistent with prior results, a locus on chromosome 19, which includes nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (top SNP, rs888663, p = 1.690 × 10-35), was significantly associated with blood MIC-1/GDF-15 concentration, and explained 21.47% of its variance. COJO analysis showed evidence for two independent signals within this locus. Gene-based analysis confirmed the chromosome 19 locus association and in addition, a putative locus on chromosome 1. Gene-set enrichment analyses showed that the“COPI-mediated anterograde transport” gene-set was associated with MIC-1/GDF15 blood concentration with marginal significance after FDR correction (p = 0.067). In conclusion, a locus on chromosome 19 was associated with MIC-1/GDF-15 blood concentration with genome-wide significance, with evidence for a new locus (chromosome 1). Future studies using independent cohorts are needed to confirm the observed associations especially for the chromosomes 1 locus, and to further investigate and identify the causal SNPs that contribute to MIC-1/GDF-15 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyang Jiang
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jennifer E Ho
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Weronica E Ek
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David A Brown
- St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St. Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The Institute for Clinical Pathology and Medical Research and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Samuel N Breit
- St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St. Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas J Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Ulf Gyllensten
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ming-Huei Chen
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Framingham, MA, United States.,The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, United States
| | - Stefan Enroth
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - James L Januzzi
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nicola J Armstrong
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Mathematics and Statistics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - John B Kwok
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Julian N Trollor
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Åsa Johansson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- Sections of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.,National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Karen A Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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23
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Bian Y, Guo J, Qiao L, Sun X. miR-3189-3p Mimics Enhance the Effects of S100A4 siRNA on the Inhibition of Proliferation and Migration of Gastric Cancer Cells by Targeting CFL2. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010236. [PMID: 29342841 PMCID: PMC5796184 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
GDF15 is a downstream gene of S100A4. miR-3189 is embedded in the intron of GDF15—and coexpressed with it. miR-3189-3p functions to inhibit the proliferation and migration of glioblastoma cells. We speculated that S100A4 might regulate miR-3189-3p to affect its function in gastric cancer cells. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) showed that miR-3189-3p expression was significantly downregulated in MGC803 cells after S100A4 knockdown. Overexpression of miR-3189-3p significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of the cells. Moreover, miR-3189-3p mimics enhanced the effects of an S100A4 siRNA on the inhibition of cell proliferation and migration. Dual luciferase reporter assays, qRT-PCR, and Western blotting verified that CFL2 is a direct target of miR-3189-3p. CFL2 mediates the regulation of miR-3189-3p on the proliferation and migration of MGC803 cells. Data mining based on Kaplan–Meier plots showed that high CFL2 expression is associated with poor overall survival and first progression in gastric cancer. These data suggested that miR-3189-3p mimics enhanced the effects of the S100A4 siRNA on the inhibition of gastric cancer cell proliferation and migration by targeting CFL2. The findings suggested that when targeting S100A4 to treat gastric cancer, consideration and correction for counteracting factors should obtain a satisfactory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Bian
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Junfu Guo
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
- Teaching and Experiment Center, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang110847, China.
| | - Linlin Qiao
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Xiuju Sun
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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24
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Chaudhary R, Lal A. Long noncoding RNAs in the p53 network. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2016; 8. [PMID: 27990773 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The tumor-suppressor protein p53 is activated in response to numerous cellular stresses including DNA damage. p53 functions primarily as a sequence-specific transcription factor that controls the expression of hundreds of protein-coding genes and noncoding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). While the role of protein-coding genes and miRNAs in mediating the effects of p53 has been extensively studied, the physiological function and molecular mechanisms by which p53-regulated lncRNAs act is beginning to be understood. In this review, we discuss recent studies on lncRNAs that are directly or indirectly regulated by p53 and how they contribute to the biological outcomes of p53 activation. WIREs RNA 2017, 8:e1410. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1410 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Chaudhary
- Regulatory RNAs and Cancer Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ashish Lal
- Regulatory RNAs and Cancer Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
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25
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Weide B, Schäfer T, Martens A, Kuzkina A, Uder L, Noor S, Garbe C, Harter PN, Mittelbronn M, Wischhusen J. High GDF-15 Serum Levels Independently Correlate with Poorer Overall Survival of Patients with Tumor-Free Stage III and Unresectable Stage IV Melanoma. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:2444-2452. [PMID: 27705749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Biomarkers are strongly needed for diagnostic surveillance of patients with metastatic melanoma. On the basis of its known association with tumor metastasis and its ability to induce cancer cachexia, we investigated serum levels of growth and differentiation factor 15 (sGDF-15) as a marker for overall survival (OS). sGDF-15 was retrospectively measured by ELISA in 761 samples obtained at distinct time points during routine clinical care of patients with stage III/IV melanoma. In the entire cohort, sGDF-15 ≥ 1.5 ng/ml was strongly associated with reduced OS after assessment. Subsequent analyses were performed separately for tumor-free stage III, tumor-free stage IV, and unresectable stage IV patients. For patients with unresectable distant metastasis (n = 206), sGDF-15 was independently associated with OS when considered together with the M-category and superior to serum level of lactate dehydrogenase. Analysis in tumor-free stage III patients during routine surveillance (n = 468) revealed sGDF-15 to be associated with OS and an independent factor when considered together with S100B and the pattern of locoregional metastasis. Only in tumor-free stage IV patients (n = 87) sGDF-15 was not associated with OS. sGDF-15 should thus be further validated as a marker for early detection of recurrence in stage III patients and as a prognostic or predictive marker particularly in the context newly available treatments in unresectable stage IV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Weide
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Tina Schäfer
- Department of Gynecology, University of Würzburg Medical School, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Martens
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anastasia Kuzkina
- Department of Gynecology, University of Würzburg Medical School, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Laura Uder
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Seema Noor
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Claus Garbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Patrick N Harter
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Edinger Institute (Neurological Institute), Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Edinger Institute (Neurological Institute), Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Jörg Wischhusen
- Department of Gynecology, University of Würzburg Medical School, Würzburg, Germany
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26
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Koufaris C. Human and primate-specific microRNAs in cancer: Evolution, and significance in comparison with more distantly-related research models. Bioessays 2016; 38:286-94. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201500135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Costas Koufaris
- Department of Cytogenetics and Genomics; Cyprus institute of Neurology and Genetics; Nicosia Cyprus
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27
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Berezin AE. Diabetes mellitus related biomarker: The predictive role of growth-differentiation factor-15. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2016; 10:S154-S157. [PMID: 26482961 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2015.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is a stress-responsive cytokine, which belongs to super family of the transforming growth factor beta. GDF-15 is widely presented in the various cells (macrophages, vascular smooth muscle cells, adipocytes, cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts), tissues (adipose tissue, vessels, tissues of central and peripheral nervous system) and organs (heart, brain, liver, placenta) and it plays an important role in the regulation of the inflammatory response, growth and cell differentiation. Elevated GDF-15 was found in patients with established CV diseases including hypertension, stable coronary artery disease, acute coronary syndrome, myocardial infarction, ischemic and none ischemic-induced cardiomyopathies, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, as well as stroke, type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM), chronic kidney disease, infection, liver cirrhosis, malignancy. Therefore, aging, smoking, and various environmental factors, i.e. chemical pollutants are other risk factors that might increase serum GDF-15 level. Although GDF-15 has been reported to be involved in energy homoeostasis and weight loss, to have anti-inflammatory properties, and to predict CV diseases and CV events in general or established CV disease population, there is no large of body of evidence regarding predictive role of elevated GDF-15 in T2DM subjects. The mini review is clarified the role of GDF-15 in T2DM subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E Berezin
- Internal Medicine Department, State Medical University, 26, Mayakovsky av., Zaporozhye 69035, Ukraine.
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28
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Wang C, Li Q, Wang W, Guo L, Guo C, Sun Y, Zhang J. GLP-1 contributes to increases in PGC-1α expression by downregulating miR-23a to reduce apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 466:33-9. [PMID: 26315270 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.08.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
GLP-1 can help to overcome problems of liver cells metabolism, not only pancreatic cell. But the explicit mechanism of this effect remains unclear. In recent years, microRNAs have received the attention of researchers and some microRNAs have important implications for diabetes. The mitochondrial protective gene PGC-1α is also closely related to diabetes, and UCP2 is related to anti-mitochondrial oxidative stress, but the mechanism of action of these genes is unclear. In this study, we used HepG2 cell line and used the cell counting kit (CCK) to measure the cell viability with GLP-1(7-36) and/or glucotoxicity. To investigate alterations in gene expression resulting from incubation with GLP-1 (7-36) or hyperglycaemia, the RNA expression levels of miR-23a, PGC-1α, Bak, Bax and UCP2 were quantified using real-time PCR. The protein levels of PGC-1α were determined by western blot. The role of miR-23a in the regulation of PGC-1α was further assessed through cell transfection to downregulate of miR-23a expression. In this study, the viability of HepG2 hepatocytes was decreased under hyperglycaemia, but incubation with 10 nmol/L GLP-1 (7-36) amide for 24 h significantly increased the viability and decreased the mRNA expression levels of Bax and Bak. Incubation with GLP-1(7-36) amide for 24 h attenuated the RNA expression of miR-23a and increased the mRNA and protein expression of PGC-1α. Inhibition of miR-23a expression by cell transfection led to increases in the mRNA and protein expression of PGC-1α. In addition, the mRNA expression of UCP2 increased after incubation with GLP-1(7-36) for 24 h. In conclusion, GLP-1 induced increased expression of mitochondrial protective gene PGC-1α by downregulating miR-23a to inhibit hepatocyte apoptosis and also enhanced UCP2 to reduce apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Xuefu Road No. 246, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Xuefu Road No. 246, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Xuefu Road No. 246, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Lin Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Xuefu Road No. 246, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Chang Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Xuefu Road No. 246, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Yiqiong Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Xuefu Road No. 246, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Jinchao Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Xuefu Road No. 246, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
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