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McVey DG, Andreadi C, Gong P, Stanczyk PJ, Solomon CU, Turner L, Yan L, Chen R, Cao J, Nelson CP, Thompson JR, Yu H, Webb TR, Samani NJ, Ye S. Genetic influence on vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:402. [PMID: 38851795 PMCID: PMC11162461 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06799-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, migration, and apoptosis play important roles in many physiological processes and pathological conditions. To identify genetic influences on VSMC behavior, we measured these traits and undertook genome-wide association studies in primary umbilical artery-derived VSMCs from >2000 individuals. Although there were no genome-wide significant associations for VSMC proliferation or migration, genetic variants at two genomic loci (7p15.3 and 7q32.3) showed highly significant associations with VSMC apoptosis (P = 1.95 × 10-13 and P = 7.47 × 10-9, respectively). The lead variant at the 7p51.3 locus was associated with increased expression of the GSDME and PALS2 genes in VSMCs. Knockdown of GSDME or PALS2 in VSMCs attenuated apoptotic cell death. A protein co-immunoprecipitation assay indicated that GSDME complexed with PALS2. PALS2 knockdown attenuated activated caspase-3 and GSDME fragmentation, whilst GSDME knockdown also reduced activated caspase-3. These findings provide new insights into the genetic regulation of VSMC apoptosis, with potential utility for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G McVey
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Catherine Andreadi
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Peng Gong
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Paulina J Stanczyk
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Charles U Solomon
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Lenka Turner
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Liu Yan
- Cardiovascular-Metabolic Disease Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Runji Chen
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Junjun Cao
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Christopher P Nelson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - John R Thompson
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Haojie Yu
- Cardiovascular-Metabolic Disease Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tom R Webb
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Shu Ye
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
- Cardiovascular-Metabolic Disease Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of, Singapore, Singapore.
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.
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2
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Yang ZY, Zhao C, Liu SL, Pan LJ, Zhu YD, Zhao JW, Wang HK, Ye YY, Qiang J, Shi LQ, Mei JW, Xie Y, Gong W, Shu YJ, Dong P, Xiang SS. NONO promotes gallbladder cancer cell proliferation by enhancing oncogenic RNA splicing of DLG1 through interaction with IGF2BP3/RBM14. Cancer Lett 2024; 587:216703. [PMID: 38341127 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a highly malignant and rapidly progressing tumor of the human biliary system, and there is an urgent need to develop new therapeutic targets and modalities. Non-POU domain-containing octamer-binding protein (NONO) is an RNA-binding protein involved in the regulation of transcription, mRNA splicing, and DNA repair. NONO expression is elevated in multiple tumors and can act as an oncogene to promote tumor progression. Here, we found that NONO was highly expressed in GBC and promoted tumor cells growth. The dysregulation of RNA splicing is a molecular feature of almost all tumor types. Accordingly, mRNA-seq and RIP-seq analysis showed that NONO promoted exon6 skipping in DLG1, forming two isomers (DLG1-FL and DLG1-S). Furthermore, lower Percent-Spliced-In (PSI) values of DLG1 were detected in tumor tissue relative to the paraneoplastic tissue, and were associated with poor patient prognosis. Moreover, DLG1-S and DLG1-FL act as tumor promoters and tumor suppressors, respectively, by regulating the YAP1/JUN pathway. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common and abundant RNA modification involved in alternative splicing processes. We identified an m6A reader, IGF2BP3, which synergizes with NONO to promote exon6 skipping in DLG1 in an m6A-dependent manner. Furthermore, IP/MS results showed that RBM14 was bound to NONO and interfered with NONO-mediated exon6 skipping of DLG1. In addition, IGF2BP3 disrupted the binding of RBM14 to NONO. Overall, our data elucidate the molecular mechanism by which NONO promotes DLG1 exon skipping, providing a basis for new therapeutic targets in GBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yi Yang
- Laboratory of General Surgery and Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Cheng Zhao
- Laboratory of General Surgery and Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Shi-Lei Liu
- Laboratory of General Surgery and Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Li-Jia Pan
- Laboratory of General Surgery and Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Yi-di Zhu
- Laboratory of General Surgery and Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Jing-Wei Zhao
- Laboratory of General Surgery and Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Hua-Kai Wang
- Laboratory of General Surgery and Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Yuan-Yuan Ye
- Laboratory of General Surgery and Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Jing Qiang
- Laboratory of General Surgery and Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Liu-Qing Shi
- Laboratory of General Surgery and Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Jia-Wei Mei
- Laboratory of General Surgery and Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Yang Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Wei Gong
- Laboratory of General Surgery and Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Yi-Jun Shu
- Laboratory of General Surgery and Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Ping Dong
- Laboratory of General Surgery and Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Shan-Shan Xiang
- Laboratory of General Surgery and Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Guo J, Li C, Fang Q, Liu Y, Wang D, Chen Y, Xie W, Zhang Y. The SF3B1 R625H mutation promotes prolactinoma tumor progression through aberrant splicing of DLG1. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:26. [PMID: 35039052 PMCID: PMC8762886 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02245-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Recently, a hotspot mutation in prolactinoma was observed in splicing factor 3b subunit 1 (SF3B1R625H), but its functional effects and underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Methods Using the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system and rat pituitary GH3 cells, we generated heterozygous Sf3b1R625H mutant cells. Sanger and whole-genome sequencing were conducted to verify the introduction of this mutation. Transcriptome analysis was performed in SF3B1-wild-type versus mutant human prolactinoma samples and GH3 cells. RT-PCR and minigene reporter assays were conducted to verify aberrant splicing. The functional consequences of SF3B1R625H were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Critical makers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and key components were detected using western blot, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. Suppressing proteins was achieved using siRNA. Results Transcriptomic analysis of prolactinomas and heterozygous mutant cells revealed that the SF3B1R625H allele led to different alterations in splicing properties, affecting different genes in different species. SF3B1R625H promoted aberrant splicing and DLG1 suppression in both rat cells and human tumors. In addition, SF3B1R625H and knocking down DLG1 promoted cell migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition through PI3K/Akt pathway. Conclusions Our findings elucidate a mechanism through which mutant SF3B1 promotes tumor progression and may provide a potent molecular therapeutic target for prolactinomas with the SF3B1R625H mutation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-022-02245-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Chuzhong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Brain Tumor Center, Beijing, 100070, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Qiuyue Fang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Yulou Liu
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Yiyuan Chen
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Weiyan Xie
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China.
| | - Yazhuo Zhang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China. .,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Brain Tumor Center, Beijing, 100070, China. .,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China.
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4
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Thomas M, Banks L. The biology of papillomavirus PDZ associations: what do they offer papillomaviruses? Curr Opin Virol 2021; 51:119-126. [PMID: 34655911 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2021.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The high-risk α-type papillomaviruses have a C-terminal PDZ-binding motif (PBM) on one of the two major oncoproteins E6 or E7; the vast majority on E6. The PBM is essential for the high-risk HPV life cycle, for episomal maintenance of the virus genome, and for maintaining the mitotic stability of the infected cell. The question is why only these viruses have PBMs - are there specific constraints imposed by the mucosal epithelium in which these viruses replicate? However the low-risk α-HPVs, such as HPV-6 and HPV-11 replicate extremely efficiently without a PBM, while viruses of the alpha8 group, such as HPV-40, replicate well with a very primitive PBM. So what does PDZ-binding capacity contribute to the fitness of the virus?
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Thomas
- ICGEB, AREA Science Park, Padriciano 99, 34149, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Lawrence Banks
- ICGEB, AREA Science Park, Padriciano 99, 34149, Trieste, Italy
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio‐targeting Theranostics National Center for International Research of Bio‐targeting Theranostics Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy Guangxi Medical University Nanning China
| | - Yong Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio‐targeting Theranostics National Center for International Research of Bio‐targeting Theranostics Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy Guangxi Medical University Nanning China
| | - Jian He
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio‐targeting Theranostics National Center for International Research of Bio‐targeting Theranostics Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy Guangxi Medical University Nanning China
| | - Liping Zhong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio‐targeting Theranostics National Center for International Research of Bio‐targeting Theranostics Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy Guangxi Medical University Nanning China
| | - Yongxiang Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio‐targeting Theranostics National Center for International Research of Bio‐targeting Theranostics Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy Guangxi Medical University Nanning China
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6
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Santagostino SF, Assenmacher CA, Tarrant JC, Adedeji AO, Radaelli E. Mechanisms of Regulated Cell Death: Current Perspectives. Vet Pathol 2021; 58:596-623. [PMID: 34039100 DOI: 10.1177/03009858211005537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Balancing cell survival and cell death is fundamental to development and homeostasis. Cell death is regulated by multiple interconnected signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms. Regulated cell death (RCD) is implicated in fundamental processes such as organogenesis and tissue remodeling, removal of unnecessary structures or cells, and regulation of cell numbers. RCD can also be triggered by exogenous perturbations of the intracellular or extracellular microenvironment when the adaptive processes that respond to stress fail. During the past few years, many novel forms of non-apoptotic RCD have been identified, and the characterization of RCD mechanisms at a molecular level has deepened our understanding of diseases encountered in human and veterinary medicine. Given the complexity of these processes, it has become clear that the identification of RCD cannot be based simply on morphologic characteristics and that descriptive and diagnostic terms presently used by pathologists-such as individual cell apoptosis or necrosis-appear inadequate and possibly misleading. In this review, the current understanding of the molecular machinery of each type of non-apoptotic RCD mechanisms is outlined. Due to the continuous discovery of new mechanisms or nuances of previously described processes, the limitations of the terms apoptosis and necrosis to indicate microscopic findings are also reported. In addition, the need for a standard panel of biomarkers and functional tests to adequately characterize the underlying RCD and its role as a mechanism of disease is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles-Antoine Assenmacher
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, 6572University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James C Tarrant
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, 6572University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Enrico Radaelli
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, 6572University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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7
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Herrero R, Prados L, Ferruelo A, Puig F, Pandolfi R, Guillamat-Prats R, Moreno L, Matute-Bello G, Artigas A, Esteban A, Lorente JÁ. Fas activation alters tight junction proteins in acute lung injury. Thorax 2018; 74:69-82. [PMID: 30385692 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2018-211535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background:The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by protein-rich oedema in the alveolar spaces, a feature in which Fas-mediated apoptosis of the alveolar epithelium has been involved. Objective:To determine whether Fas activation increases protein permeability by mechanisms involving disruption of the paracellular tight junction (TJ) proteins in the pulmonary alveoli. Methods: Protein permeability and the expression of TJ proteins were assessed in vivo in wild-type and Fas-deficient lpr mice 16 hours after the intratracheal instillation of recombinant human soluble Fas ligand (rh-sFasL), and at different time points in vitro in human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells (HPAEpiC) exposed to rh-sFasL Results:Activation of the Fas pathway increased protein permeability in mouse lungs and altered the expression of the TJ proteins occludin and zonula occludens-1 in the alveolar-capillary membrane in vivo and in human alveolar epithelial cell monolayers in vitro. Blockade of caspase-3, but not inhibition of tyrosine kinase dependent pathways, prevented the alterations in TJ protein expression and permeability induced by the Fas/FasL system in human alveolar cell monolayers in vitro. We also observed that both the Fas-induced increase of protein permeability and disruption of TJ proteins occurred before cell death could be detected in the cell monolayers in vitro. Conclusion:Targeting caspase pathways could prevent the disruption of TJs and reduce the formation of lung oedema in the early stages of ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Herrero
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Investigación Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia Prados
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Ferruelo
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Investigación Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ferranda Puig
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Investigación Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Critical Care Center, Corporació Sanitària i Universitària Parc Taul, Institut d' Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rachele Pandolfi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Guillamat-Prats
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Investigación Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Critical Care Center, Corporació Sanitària i Universitària Parc Taul, Institut d' Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Moreno
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Investigación Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gustavo Matute-Bello
- Center for Lung Biology, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Medical Research Service of the VA Puget Sound Healthcare System., University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Antonio Artigas
- Critical Care Center, Corporació Sanitària i Universitària Parc Taul, Institut d' Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andres Esteban
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Investigación Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Ángel Lorente
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Investigación Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain.,Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain
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8
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Gaidt MM, Ebert TS, Chauhan D, Ramshorn K, Pinci F, Zuber S, O'Duill F, Schmid-Burgk JL, Hoss F, Buhmann R, Wittmann G, Latz E, Subklewe M, Hornung V. The DNA Inflammasome in Human Myeloid Cells Is Initiated by a STING-Cell Death Program Upstream of NLRP3. Cell 2017; 171:1110-1124.e18. [PMID: 29033128 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 409] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Detection of cytosolic DNA constitutes a central event in the context of numerous infectious and sterile inflammatory conditions. Recent studies have uncovered a bipartite mode of cytosolic DNA recognition, in which the cGAS-STING axis triggers antiviral immunity, whereas AIM2 triggers inflammasome activation. Here, we show that AIM2 is dispensable for DNA-mediated inflammasome activation in human myeloid cells. Instead, detection of cytosolic DNA by the cGAS-STING axis induces a cell death program initiating potassium efflux upstream of NLRP3. Forward genetics identified regulators of lysosomal trafficking to modulate this cell death program, and subsequent studies revealed that activated STING traffics to the lysosome, where it triggers membrane permeabilization and thus lysosomal cell death (LCD). Importantly, the cGAS-STING-NLRP3 pathway constitutes the default inflammasome response during viral and bacterial infections in human myeloid cells. We conclude that targeting the cGAS-STING-LCD-NLRP3 pathway will ameliorate pathology in inflammatory conditions that are associated with cytosolic DNA sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz M Gaidt
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas S Ebert
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Dhruv Chauhan
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Ramshorn
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Francesca Pinci
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Sarah Zuber
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Fionan O'Duill
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Jonathan L Schmid-Burgk
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Hoss
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Raymund Buhmann
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Georg Wittmann
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Eicke Latz
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Marion Subklewe
- Laboratory for Translational Cancer Immunology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Veit Hornung
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany; Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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9
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Loss of the cell polarity determinant human Discs-large is a novel molecular marker of nodal involvement and poor prognosis in endometrial cancer. Br J Cancer 2016; 114:1012-8. [PMID: 27002939 PMCID: PMC4984904 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent Drosophila studies showed that Discs-large (Dlg) is critical for regulation of cell polarity and tissue architecture. We investigated the possibility that loss of the human homologue of Drosophila Dlg (DLG1) is involved in endometrial carcinogenesis. METHODS We analysed DLG1 expression in 160 endometrial cancers by immunohistochemical staining. Its expression was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR). We investigated the roles of DLG1 in growth and invasion by knockdown experiment in endometrial cancer cell lines. RESULTS Human DLG1 localises at cellular membrane in normal endometrial tissues. Loss of DLG1 was observed in 37 cases (23.1%). Loss of DLG1 was observed in patients with advanced stage and high-grade histology. It was also observed in patients with nodal metastasis, deep myometrial invasion, and negative oestrogen and progesterone receptors. Patients with loss of DLG1 showed poorer overall survival (P=0.0019). Immunohistochemistry data correlated with RT-PCR data. Knockdown of Dlg1 in endometrial cancer cells resulted in accelerated tumour migration and invasion in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Tissue polarity disturbance because of loss of DLG1 was shown to confer more aggressive characteristics to endometrial cancer cells. Our study revealed that DLG1 expression is a novel molecular biomarker of nodal metastasis, high-grade histology, and poor prognosis in endometrial cancer.
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10
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Appelqvist H, Wäster P, Kågedal K, Öllinger K. The lysosome: from waste bag to potential therapeutic target. J Mol Cell Biol 2014; 5:214-26. [PMID: 23918283 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjt022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 530] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are ubiquitous membrane-bound intracellular organelles with an acidic interior. They are central for degradation and recycling of macromolecules delivered by endocytosis, phagocytosis, and autophagy. In contrast to the rather simplified view of lysosomes as waste bags, nowadays lysosomes are recognized as advanced organelles involved in many cellular processes and are considered crucial regulators of cell homeostasis. The function of lysosomes is critically dependent on soluble lysosomal hydrolases (e.g. cathepsins) as well as lysosomal membrane proteins (e.g. lysosome-associated membrane proteins). This review focuses on lysosomal involvement in digestion of intra- and extracellular material, plasma membrane repair, cholesterol homeostasis, and cell death. Regulation of lysosomal biogenesis and function via the transcription factor EB (TFEB) will also be discussed. In addition, lysosomal contribution to diseases, including lysosomal storage disorders, neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases, is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Appelqvist
- Experimental Pathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Abstract
Lysosomes serve as the cellular recycling centre and are filled with numerous hydrolases that can degrade most cellular macromolecules. Lysosomal membrane permeabilization and the consequent leakage of the lysosomal content into the cytosol leads to so-called "lysosomal cell death". This form of cell death is mainly carried out by the lysosomal cathepsin proteases and can have necrotic, apoptotic or apoptosis-like features depending on the extent of the leakage and the cellular context. This article summarizes our current knowledge on lysosomal cell death with an emphasis on the upstream mechanisms that lead to lysosomal membrane permeabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Aits
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Cell Death and Metabolism, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Chen YH, Chou HC, Lin ST, Chen YW, Lo YW, Chan HL. Effect of high glucose on secreted proteome in cultured retinal pigmented epithelium cells: Its possible relevance to clinical diabetic retinopathy. J Proteomics 2012; 77:111-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 07/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Ivanova L, Egge-Jacobsen WM, Solhaug A, Thoen E, Fæste CK. Lysosomes as a possible target of enniatin B-induced toxicity in Caco-2 cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:1662-74. [PMID: 22731695 DOI: 10.1021/tx300114x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Enniatins are cyclic hexadepsipeptidic mycotoxins with ionophoric, antibiotic, and insecticidal activity. Enniatin B (EnnB), the most important analogue, is produced by many Fusarium species and is a common contaminant in grain-based foods. The compound's cytotoxic potential has been shown in different experiments; however, the mode of action has not been detailed so far. In the present study, several mutually confirmative experiments have been performed indicating that EnnB-initiated cytotoxicity could be connected with lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP). Lysosomal functionality, as assessed by the Neutral Red assay, was already affected after 3 h of toxin exposure. After 24 h, cell proliferation was decreased, and there was indication for a cell cycle arrest in the G(2)/M phase leading to the initiation of apoptosis or necrosis. Intracellular ROS-production was observed. However, antioxidants did not alter the observed EnnB-induced loss of lysosomal functionality leading to the conclusion that ROS was not an initial factor but one produced later in the event cascade. The collected data suggested that lysosomal destabilization is an upstream event in EnnB-initiated cytotoxicity followed by a certain extent of translocation of cathepsins into the cytosol, which was observed using immunological and proteomic methods. It appeared that cell death induced by EnnB was delayed and occurred not as a massive lysosomal breakdown but was probably progressing and leading to partial and selective LMP, starting a nonapoptotic cell death pathway with morphological features that had been previously considered as necrotic. The molecular mechanism of EnnB-triggered lysosomal destabilization, and the cellular processes leading to mitochondrial permeabilization and cell death are still unknown. They may, however, be connected to the compound's ionophoric properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ivanova
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway.
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Intercellular transfer of apoptotic signals via electrofusion. Exp Cell Res 2012; 318:896-903. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Increased activity of cell surface peptidases in HeLa cells undergoing UV-induced apoptosis is not mediated by caspase 3. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:2650-2675. [PMID: 22489116 PMCID: PMC3317679 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13032650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that in HeLa cells treated with a variety of agents there is an increase in cell surface peptidase (CSP) activity in those cells undergoing apoptosis. The increase in CSP activity observed in UVB-irradiated cells undergoing apoptosis was unaffected when the cultures were treated with the aminopeptidase inhibitor bestatin, and matrix metalloprotease inhibitor BB3103, but greatly enhanced when treated with the caspase 3 inhibitor-DEVD, and reduced in the presence of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor-3-aminobenzamide (3AB). Neither 3AB nor DEVD had an effect on the gross morphology of the apoptotic cells observed under electron microscopy, nor did they have an effect on phosphatidylserine eversion on the cell membrane, or that of PARP cleavage. All the agents except for DEVD had no effect on the level of caspase 3 activity in the cells. The results suggest that other caspases may cleave PARP in these cells. Both 3AB and DEVD treatment reduced the level of actin cleavage seen in the apoptotic cells. The increase in CSP activity observed in cells undergoing UVB-induced apoptosis appears to involve PARP but not caspase 3.
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Bucur O, Stancu AL, Khosravi-Far R, Almasan A. Analysis of apoptosis methods recently used in Cancer Research and Cell Death & Disease publications. Cell Death Dis 2012; 3:e263. [PMID: 22297295 PMCID: PMC3288344 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2012.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Repnik U, Stoka V, Turk V, Turk B. Lysosomes and lysosomal cathepsins in cell death. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2011; 1824:22-33. [PMID: 21914490 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Revised: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomes are the key degradative compartments of the cell. Lysosomal cathepsins, which are enclosed in the lysosomes, help to maintain the homeostasis of the cell's metabolism by participating in the degradation of heterophagic and autophagic material. Following the targeted lysosomal membrane's destabilization, the cathepsins can be released into the cytosol and initiate the lysosomal pathway of apoptosis through the cleavage of Bid and the degradation of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 homologues. Cathepsins can also amplify the apoptotic signaling, when the lysosomal membranes are destabilized at a later stage of apoptosis, initiated by other stimuli. However, the functional integrity of the lysosomal compartment during apoptosis enables efficient autophagy, which can counteract apoptosis by providing the energy source and by disposing the damaged mitochondria, which generate the ROS. Impairing autophagy by disabling the lysosome function is being investigated as an adjuvant therapeutic approach to sensitize cells to apoptosis-inducing agents. Destabilization of the lysosomal membranes by the lysosomotropic detergents seems to be a promising strategy in this context as it would not only disable autophagy, but also promote apoptosis through the initiation of the lysosomal pathway. In contrast, the impaired autophagy and lysosomal degradation linked with the increased oxidative stress underlie degenerative changes in the aging neurons. This further suggests that lysosomes and lysosomal cathepsins have a dual role in cell death. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Proteolysis 50 years after the discovery of lysosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urška Repnik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, J. Stefan Institute, Jamova, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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