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Jalil SMA, Henry JC, Cameron AJM. Targets in the Tumour Matrisome to Promote Cancer Therapy Response. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1847. [PMID: 38791926 PMCID: PMC11119821 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16101847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of complex fibrillar proteins, proteoglycans, and macromolecules, generated by stromal, immune, and cancer cells. The components and organisation of the matrix evolves as tumours progress to invasive disease and metastasis. In many solid tumours, dense fibrotic ECM has been hypothesised to impede therapy response by limiting drug and immune cell access. Interventions to target individual components of the ECM, collectively termed the matrisome, have, however, revealed complex tumour-suppressor, tumour-promoter, and immune-modulatory functions, which have complicated clinical translation. The degree to which distinct components of the matrisome can dictate tumour phenotypes and response to therapy is the subject of intense study. A primary aim is to identify therapeutic opportunities within the matrisome, which might support a better response to existing therapies. Many matrix signatures have been developed which can predict prognosis, immune cell content, and immunotherapy responses. In this review, we will examine key components of the matrisome which have been associated with advanced tumours and therapy resistance. We have primarily focussed here on targeting matrisome components, rather than specific cell types, although several examples are described where cells of origin can dramatically affect tumour roles for matrix components. As we unravel the complex biochemical, biophysical, and intracellular transduction mechanisms associated with the ECM, numerous therapeutic opportunities will be identified to modify tumour progression and therapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Angus J. M. Cameron
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (S.M.A.J.); (J.C.H.)
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2
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Niklander SE, Aránguiz P, Faunes F, Martínez-Flores R. Aging and oral squamous cell carcinoma development: the role of cellular senescence. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2023; 4:1285276. [PMID: 37904749 PMCID: PMC10613501 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2023.1285276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The gradual accumulation and inadequate renewal of senescent cells over time drive organismal aging. Senescent cells undergo altered gene expression and release inflammatory mediators collectively termed the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which significantly contributes to a spectrum of age-related disorders, including cancer. In the context of carcinogenesis, the SASP produced by senescent cells has been implicated in the promotion of epithelial cancers, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the most common form of oral cancer. Senescent cells within the tumor microenvironment release factors that amplify the growth and invasiveness of neighboring cancer cells. Senotherapeutics, including senolytics and senomorphics, emerge as promising modalities to target senescent cells and their associated inflammatory factors, thereby opening novel avenues for augmenting the efficacy of cancer treatments. Here, we review the general aspects of cellular senescence, focusing on the relation between senescence-related inflammation with cancer development. We also analyze the available evidence linking cellular senescence with OSCC, highlighting possible clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Eric Niklander
- Unit of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Pablo Aránguiz
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Fernando Faunes
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - René Martínez-Flores
- Unit of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile
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3
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Raynard C, Tessier N, Huna A, Warnier M, Flaman JM, Van Coppenolle F, Ducreux S, Martin N, Bernard D. Expression of the Calcium-Binding Protein CALB1 Is Induced and Controls Intracellular Ca 2+ Levels in Senescent Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169376. [PMID: 36012633 PMCID: PMC9409414 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to many stresses, such as oncogene activation or DNA damage, cells can enter cellular senescence, a state of proliferation arrest accompanied by a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Cellular senescence plays a key role in many physiopathological contexts, including cancer, aging and aging-associated diseases, therefore, it is critical to understand how senescence is regulated. Calcium ions (Ca2+) recently emerged as pivotal regulators of cellular senescence. However, how Ca2+ levels are controlled during this process is barely known. Here, we report that intracellular Ca2+ contents increase in response to many senescence inducers in immortalized human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs) and that expression of calbindin 1 (CALB1), a Ca2+-binding protein, is upregulated in this context, through the Ca2+-dependent calcineurin/NFAT pathway. We further show that overexpression of CALB1 buffers the rise in intracellular Ca2+ levels observed in senescent cells. Finally, we suggest that increased expression of Ca2+-binding proteins calbindins is a frequent mark of senescent cells. This work thus supports that, together with Ca2+channels, Ca2+-binding proteins modulate Ca2+ levels and flux during cellular senescence. This opens potential avenues of research to better understand the role of Ca2+ and of Ca2+-binding proteins in regulating cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clotilde Raynard
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, 69373 Lyon, France
| | - Nolwenn Tessier
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Anda Huna
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, 69373 Lyon, France
| | - Marine Warnier
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, 69373 Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Michel Flaman
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, 69373 Lyon, France
| | - Fabien Van Coppenolle
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Sylvie Ducreux
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Nadine Martin
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, 69373 Lyon, France
- Correspondence: (N.M.); (D.B.)
| | - David Bernard
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, 69373 Lyon, France
- Correspondence: (N.M.); (D.B.)
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4
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Sharma M, Hunter KD, Fonseca FP, Radhakrishnan R. Emerging role of cellular senescence in the pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis and its malignant transformation. Head Neck 2021; 43:3153-3164. [PMID: 34227702 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescence is a common denominator in wound healing, fibrosis, and cancer. Although, senescence is transiently antifibrotic, when prolonged, promotes fibrosis and malignant transformation. Eligible studies indexed in MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science were searched to understand the role of cellular senescence in the pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) and its malignant transformation. The senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) components like IL-1, IL-6, and GRO-α induce double-strand DNA breaks in keratinocytes and drive genetic instability. SASP derived from myofibroblasts induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition in OSF and facilitates cancer progression. The use of senolytics has been shown to eliminate senescent cells from the areas of fibrosis, thereby preventing malignancy. Naturally occurring agents such as apigenin and kaempferol inhibit SASP. Mechanistic insight into the emerging role of senescence in the pathogenesis of OSF and modalities to inhibit senescence-associated antiapoptotic pathways as a supplementary therapy to prevent malignant transformation of OSF is underlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Sharma
- Department of Oral Pathology, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences and Research, Faridabad, India
| | - Keith D Hunter
- Academic Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine and Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Felipe Paiva Fonseca
- Department of Oral Pathology and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Raghu Radhakrishnan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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5
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Ye M, Zhou J, Gao Y, Pan S, Zhu X. The prognostic value of the lysyl oxidase family in ovarian cancer. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23538. [PMID: 33058284 PMCID: PMC7755792 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our study intended to evaluate the prognostic value of lysyl oxidase (LOX) and its four relevant members, the lysyl oxidase-like genes (LOXL1-4), in ovarian cancer (OC) patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS The Kaplan-Meier plotter (KM plotter) database was used to investigate the prognostic power of the LOX family for OC patients. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were the clinical endpoints. The prognostic roles of the LOX family in OC patients were also analyzed according to various clinicopathological characteristics, including histological subtypes, clinical stages, pathological grades, and chemotherapeutic treatments. RESULTS Overexpression of LOX, LOXL1, LOXL2, and LOXL3 mRNA indicated poor OS and PFS in OC patients, particularly in serous and grade II + III OC patients. Overexpression of LOXL4 mRNA resulted in worse PFS in OC patients. Overexpression of LOX and LOXL1 mRNA showed worse OS and PFS in stage III + IV OC patients, and overexpression of LOXL3 mRNA indicated worse OS and PFS in stage I + II OC patients. Overexpression of LOX, LOXL3, and LOXL4 mRNA indicated worse OS and PFS among OC patients who received platinum, taxol, and taxol + platinum chemotherapy. Overexpression of LOXL1 and LOXL2 mRNA was related to lower OS and PFS in OC patients who received platinum chemotherapy. CONCLUSION LOX, LOXL1, LOXL2, and LOXL3 may become potential predictive markers for negative outcomes in OC patients. Moreover, the LOX family can serve as new molecular predictors for the efficiency of platinum-based chemotherapy in OC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Junhan Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shuya Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xueqiong Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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6
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Treissman J, Yuan V, Baltayeva J, Le HT, Castellana B, Robinson WP, Beristain AG. Low oxygen enhances trophoblast column growth by potentiating differentiation of the extravillous lineage and promoting LOX activity. Development 2020; 147:dev.181263. [PMID: 31871275 DOI: 10.1242/dev.181263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Early placental development and the establishment of the invasive trophoblast lineage take place within a low oxygen environment. However, conflicting and inconsistent findings have obscured the role of oxygen in regulating invasive trophoblast differentiation. In this study, the effect of hypoxic, normoxic and atmospheric oxygen on invasive extravillous pathway progression was examined using a human placental explant model. Here, we show that exposure to low oxygen enhances extravillous column outgrowth and promotes the expression of genes that align with extravillous trophoblast (EVT) lineage commitment. By contrast, supra-physiological atmospheric levels of oxygen promote trophoblast proliferation while simultaneously stalling EVT progression. Low oxygen-induced EVT differentiation coincided with elevated transcriptomic levels of lysyl oxidase (LOX) in trophoblast anchoring columns, in which functional experiments established a role for LOX activity in promoting EVT column outgrowth. The findings of this work support a role for low oxygen in potentiating the differentiation of trophoblasts along the extravillous pathway. In addition, these findings generate insight into new molecular processes controlled by oxygen during early placental development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Treissman
- The British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Victor Yuan
- The British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Jennet Baltayeva
- The British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Hoa T Le
- The British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Barbara Castellana
- The British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Wendy P Robinson
- The British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Alexander G Beristain
- The British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver V5Z 4H4, Canada .,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver V5Z 4H4, Canada
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7
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Chopra V, Sangarappillai RM, Romero‐Canelón I, Jones AM. Lysyl Oxidase Like‐2 (LOXL2): An Emerging Oncology Target. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vriddhi Chopra
- School of PharmacyUniversity of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | | | | | - Alan M. Jones
- School of PharmacyUniversity of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT UK
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8
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Karginova O, Weekley CM, Raoul A, Alsayed A, Wu T, Lee SSY, He C, Olopade OI. Inhibition of Copper Transport Induces Apoptosis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells and Suppresses Tumor Angiogenesis. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:873-885. [PMID: 30824611 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of advanced breast cancer remains challenging. Copper and some of the copper-dependent proteins are emerging therapeutic targets because they are essential for cell proliferation and survival, and have been shown to stimulate angiogenesis and metastasis. Here, we show that DCAC50, a recently developed small-molecule inhibitor of the intracellular copper chaperones, ATOX1 and CCS, reduces cell proliferation and elevates oxidative stress, triggering apoptosis in a panel of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Inhibition of ATOX1 activity with DCAC50 disrupts copper homeostasis, leading to increased copper levels, altered spatial copper redistribution, and accumulation of ATP7B to the cellular perinuclear region. The extent and impact of this disruption to copper homeostasis vary across cell lines and correlate with cellular baseline copper and glutathione levels. Ultimately, treatment with DCAC50 attenuates tumor growth and suppresses angiogenesis in a xenograft mouse model, and prevents endothelial cell network formation in vitro Co-treatment with paclitaxel and DCAC50 enhances cytotoxicity in TNBC and results in favorable dose reduction of both drugs. These data demonstrate that inhibition of intracellular copper transport targets tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment, and is a promising approach to treat breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Karginova
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Claire M Weekley
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Akila Raoul
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alhareth Alsayed
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Steve Seung-Young Lee
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Olufunmilayo I Olopade
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. .,Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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9
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Dynamic matrisome: ECM remodeling factors licensing cancer progression and metastasis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1870:207-228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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10
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Clinical Implications of Lysyl Oxidase-Like Protein 2 Expression in Pancreatic Cancer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9846. [PMID: 29959362 PMCID: PMC6026164 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28253-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysyl oxidase (LOX) family genes, particularly lysyl oxidase-like protein 2 (LOXL2), have been implicated in carcinogenesis, metastasis, and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in various cancers. This study aimed to explore the clinical implications of LOXL2 expression in pancreatic cancer (PC) in the context of EMT status. LOX family mRNA expression was measured in PC cell lines, and LOXL2 protein levels were examined in surgical specimens resected from 170 patients with PC. Higher LOXL2 expression was observed in cell lines from mesenchymal type PC than in those from epithelial type PC. A significant correlation between LOXL2 expression and the EMT status defined based on the expression of E-cadherin and vimentin was observed in surgical specimens (P < 0.01). The disease-free survival and overall survival rates among patients with low LOXL2 expression were significantly better than those among patients with high LOXL2 expression (P < 0.001). According to the multivariate analysis, high LOXL2 expression (P = 0.03) was a significant independent prognostic factor for patients with PC. Additionally, LOX inhibition significantly decreased PC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. In conclusion, LOXL2 expression is potentially associated with PC progression, and LOXL2 expression represents a biomarker for predicting the prognosis of patients with PC who have undergone complete resection.
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11
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Park JS, Lee JH, Lee YS, Kim JK, Dong SM, Yoon DS. Emerging role of LOXL2 in the promotion of pancreas cancer metastasis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:42539-42552. [PMID: 27285767 PMCID: PMC5173154 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) is associated with invasiveness and metastasis in cancer. We analyzed the prognostic impact of LOXL2 in pancreatic cancer patients and investigated the role of LOXL2 in pancreatic cancer cell lines. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed in samples from 80 patients and showed LOXL2 expression in 81.2% of patients with pancreatic cancer. Regarding recurrence patterns, LOXL2-positive tumors showed a significantly higher rate of distant recurrence. The 1-year and 3-year disease-free survival rates were 84.6% and 0.0%, respectively, for LOXL2-negative patients, and 27.8 % and 0.0 %, respectively, for LOXL2-positive patients. On univariate analysis, combined resection of major vessels, depth of invasion, tumor stage, and LOXL2- positive status were significant factors for poor prognosis. After identification of LOXL2 expression in pancreatic cancer cell lines, LOXL2-silenced and LOXL2-overexpressed cell lines were used to perform transwell invasion and transendothelial migration assays. In vitro studies indicated that LOXL2 silencing in MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1 cells induced a mesenchymal–epithelial transition (MET)-like process associated with decreased invasive and migratory properties. LOXL2 overexpression in AsPC-1 and BxPC-3 cells enhanced the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like process and increased migratory and invasive activity. These clinical and preclinical data confirm that higher LOXL2 expression is associated with the invasiveness of pancreatic cancer cells and the low survival rate of pancreatic cancer patients. Our results suggest the clinical value of LOXL2 as a therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Seong Park
- Pancreatobiliary Cancer Clinic, Department of Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Hae Lee
- Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Yun Sun Lee
- Pancreatobiliary Cancer Clinic, Department of Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Keun Kim
- Pancreatobiliary Cancer Clinic, Department of Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Myung Dong
- Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Dong Sup Yoon
- Pancreatobiliary Cancer Clinic, Department of Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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12
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Lysyl oxidase family activity promotes resistance of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma to chemotherapy by limiting the intratumoral anticancer drug distribution. Oncotarget 2017; 7:32100-12. [PMID: 27050073 PMCID: PMC5078000 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid tumors often display chemotherapy resistance. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the archetype of resistant tumors as current chemotherapies are inefficient. The tumor stroma and extracellular matrix (ECM) are key contributors to PDAC aggressiveness and to limiting the efficacy of chemotherapy. Lysyl oxidase (LOX) family members mediate collagen cross-linking and thus promote ECM stiffening. Our data demonstrate increased LOX, LOXL1, and LOXL2 expression in PDAC, and that the level of fibrillar collagen, which is directly dependent of LOX family activity, is an independent predictive biomarker of adjuvant “Gemcitabine-based chemotherapy” benefit. Experimentally in mice, increased LOX family activity through LOXL2 promotes chemoresistance. This effect of LOX family activity seems to be due to decreased gemcitabine intra-tumoral diffusion. This observation might be explained by increased fibrillar collagen and decreased vessel size observed in tumors with increased LOX family activity. In conclusion, our data support that LOX family activity is both a novel target to improve chemotherapy as well as a novel biomarker to predict gemcitabine benefit in PDAC. Beyond the PDAC, it is possible that targeting LOX family activity might improve efficacy of chemotherapies against different kinds of solid tumors.
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13
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Mas-Bargues C, Viña-Almunia J, Inglés M, Sanz-Ros J, Gambini J, Ibáñez-Cabellos JS, García-Giménez JL, Viña J, Borrás C. Role of p16 INK4a and BMI-1 in oxidative stress-induced premature senescence in human dental pulp stem cells. Redox Biol 2017; 12:690-698. [PMID: 28410532 PMCID: PMC5390672 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are a source for cell therapy. Before implantation, an in vitro expansion step is necessary, with the inconvenience that hDPSCs undergo senescence following a certain number of passages, loosing their stemness properties. Long-term in vitro culture of hDPSCs at 21% (ambient oxygen tension) compared with 3-6% oxygen tension (physiological oxygen tension) caused an oxidative stress-related premature senescence, as evidenced by increased β-galactosidase activity and increased lysil oxidase expression, which is mediated by p16INK4a pathway. Furthermore, hDPSCs cultured at 21% oxygen tension underwent a downregulation of OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and c-MYC factors, which was recued by BMI-1 silencing. Thus, p16INK4a and BMI-1 might play a role in the oxidative stress-associated premature senescence. We show that it is important for clinical applications to culture cells at physiological pO2 to retain their stemness characteristics and to delay senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mas-Bargues
- Department of Physiology. Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry. University of Valencia, Av/ Blasco Ibáñez, 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain; INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Av/ de Menéndez y Pelayo, 4, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Center for Biomedical Network Research on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), CIBER-ISCIII, Spain
| | - José Viña-Almunia
- Department of Stomatology. Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry. University of Valencia, Av/ Blasco Ibáñez, 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Inglés
- Department of Physiotherapy. Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry. University of Valencia, Av/ Blasco Ibáñez, 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain; INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Av/ de Menéndez y Pelayo, 4, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Center for Biomedical Network Research on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), CIBER-ISCIII, Spain
| | - Jorge Sanz-Ros
- Department of Physiology. Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry. University of Valencia, Av/ Blasco Ibáñez, 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain; INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Av/ de Menéndez y Pelayo, 4, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Center for Biomedical Network Research on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), CIBER-ISCIII, Spain
| | - Juan Gambini
- Department of Physiology. Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry. University of Valencia, Av/ Blasco Ibáñez, 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain; INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Av/ de Menéndez y Pelayo, 4, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Center for Biomedical Network Research on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), CIBER-ISCIII, Spain
| | - José Santiago Ibáñez-Cabellos
- Department of Physiology. Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry. University of Valencia, Av/ Blasco Ibáñez, 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), CIBER-ISCIII, Spain; INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Av/ de Menéndez y Pelayo, 4, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - José Luis García-Giménez
- Department of Physiology. Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry. University of Valencia, Av/ Blasco Ibáñez, 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), CIBER-ISCIII, Spain; INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Av/ de Menéndez y Pelayo, 4, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - José Viña
- Department of Physiology. Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry. University of Valencia, Av/ Blasco Ibáñez, 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain; INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Av/ de Menéndez y Pelayo, 4, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Center for Biomedical Network Research on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), CIBER-ISCIII, Spain
| | - Consuelo Borrás
- Department of Physiology. Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry. University of Valencia, Av/ Blasco Ibáñez, 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain; INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Av/ de Menéndez y Pelayo, 4, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Center for Biomedical Network Research on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), CIBER-ISCIII, Spain.
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14
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Miller BW, Morton JP, Pinese M, Saturno G, Jamieson NB, McGhee E, Timpson P, Leach J, McGarry L, Shanks E, Bailey P, Chang D, Oien K, Karim S, Au A, Steele C, Carter CR, McKay C, Anderson K, Evans TRJ, Marais R, Springer C, Biankin A, Erler JT, Sansom OJ. Targeting the LOX/hypoxia axis reverses many of the features that make pancreatic cancer deadly: inhibition of LOX abrogates metastasis and enhances drug efficacy. EMBO Mol Med 2015; 7:1063-76. [PMID: 26077591 PMCID: PMC4551344 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201404827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality. Despite significant advances made in the treatment of other cancers, current chemotherapies offer little survival benefit in this disease. Pancreaticoduodenectomy offers patients the possibility of a cure, but most will die of recurrent or metastatic disease. Hence, preventing metastatic disease in these patients would be of significant benefit. Using principal component analysis (PCA), we identified a LOX/hypoxia signature associated with poor patient survival in resectable patients. We found that LOX expression is upregulated in metastatic tumors from Pdx1-Cre Kras(G12D/+) Trp53(R172H/+) (KPC) mice and that inhibition of LOX in these mice suppressed metastasis. Mechanistically, LOX inhibition suppressed both migration and invasion of KPC cells. LOX inhibition also synergized with gemcitabine to kill tumors and significantly prolonged tumor-free survival in KPC mice with early-stage tumors. This was associated with stromal alterations, including increased vasculature and decreased fibrillar collagen, and increased infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils into tumors. Therefore, LOX inhibition is able to reverse many of the features that make PDAC inherently refractory to conventional therapies and targeting LOX could improve outcome in surgically resectable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan W Miller
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Mark Pinese
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Grazia Saturno
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Withington Manchester, UK
| | - Nigel B Jamieson
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ewan McGhee
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Paul Timpson
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joshua Leach
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lynn McGarry
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Emma Shanks
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Peter Bailey
- Institute of Cancer Sciences University of Glasgow Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - David Chang
- Institute of Cancer Sciences University of Glasgow Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Karin Oien
- Institute of Cancer Sciences University of Glasgow Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Saadia Karim
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Amy Au
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Colin Steele
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Colin McKay
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kurt Anderson
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Thomas R Jeffry Evans
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK Institute of Cancer Sciences University of Glasgow Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Richard Marais
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Withington Manchester, UK
| | | | - Andrew Biankin
- Institute of Cancer Sciences University of Glasgow Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Janine T Erler
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (UCPH), Denmark
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
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15
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Latina A, Viticchiè G, Lena AM, Piro MC, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Melino G, Candi E. ΔNp63 targets cytoglobin to inhibit oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in keratinocytes and lung cancer. Oncogene 2015; 35:1493-503. [PMID: 26096935 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During physiological aerobic metabolism, the epidermis undergoes significant oxidative stress as a result of the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). To maintain a balanced oxidative state, cells have developed protective antioxidant systems, and preliminary studies suggest that the transcriptional factor p63 is involved in cellular oxidative defence. Supporting this hypothesis, the ΔNp63α isoform of p63 is expressed at high levels in the proliferative basal layer of the epidermis. Here we identify the CYGB gene as a novel transcriptional target of ΔNp63 that is involved in maintaining epidermal oxidative defence. The CYGB gene encodes cytoglobin, a member of the globin protein family, which facilitates the diffusion of oxygen through tissues and acts as a scavenger for nitric oxide or other ROS. By performing promoter activity assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation, reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR and western blotting analyses, we confirm the direct regulation of CYGB by ΔNp63α. We also demonstrate that CYGB has a protective role in proliferating keratinocytes grown under normal conditions, as well as in cells treated with exogenous hydrogen peroxide. These results indicate that ΔNp63, through its target CYGB has an important role in the cellular antioxidant system and protects keratinocytes from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. The ΔNp63-CYGB axis is also present in lung and breast cancer cell lines, indicating that CYGB-mediated ROS-scavenging activity may also have a role in epithelial tumours. In human lung cancer data sets, the p63-CYGB interaction significantly predicts reduction of patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Latina
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - G Viticchiè
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - A M Lena
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - M C Piro
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | | | - G Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy.,Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, Leicester, UK
| | - E Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy.,IDI-IRCCS, Biochemistry Laboratory, Rome, Italy
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16
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Wiel C, Gras B, Vindrieux D, Warnier M, Gitenay D, Le Calvé B, Ferrand M, Augert A, Bernard D. Multidrug resistance protein 3 loss promotes tumor formation by inducing senescence escape. Oncogene 2015; 35:1596-601. [PMID: 26073088 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oncogenic-stress-induced senescence (OIS) is a stress response allowing normal cells, when receiving oncogenic signals, to stably arrest their proliferation. OIS thus acts to prevent aberrant cell proliferation and tumor formation. To identify novel tumor suppressive pathways, we have recently completed a loss-of-function genetic screen to identify novel genes promoting escape from OIS and thus, potentially, tumor formation when their functions are lost. Using this approach, we unexpectedly found that loss of function of the multidrug resistance protein 3 (MRP3 or ABCC3) promotes escape from OIS in human epithelial cells. Importantly, ABCC3 expression is reduced in human skin tumors, and ABCC3-knockout mice display increased sensitivity to RAS-induced skin carcinogenesis, concomitantly with decreased OIS. ABCC3 participates in resistance to chemotherapy via its transporter activity. Our data show that this transporter activity is involved in ABCC3-induced senescence, demonstrating that this protein has a complex role in cancer, since its loss of function may promote escape from OIS and tumor formation whereas its gain of function promotes resistance to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wiel
- Senescence Escape Mechanisms Laboratory, Tumoral Escape Department, Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - B Gras
- Senescence Escape Mechanisms Laboratory, Tumoral Escape Department, Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - D Vindrieux
- Senescence Escape Mechanisms Laboratory, Tumoral Escape Department, Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - M Warnier
- Senescence Escape Mechanisms Laboratory, Tumoral Escape Department, Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - D Gitenay
- Senescence Escape Mechanisms Laboratory, Tumoral Escape Department, Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - B Le Calvé
- Senescence Escape Mechanisms Laboratory, Tumoral Escape Department, Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - M Ferrand
- Senescence Escape Mechanisms Laboratory, Tumoral Escape Department, Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - A Augert
- Senescence Escape Mechanisms Laboratory, Tumoral Escape Department, Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - D Bernard
- Senescence Escape Mechanisms Laboratory, Tumoral Escape Department, Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
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17
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Abstract
Metastasis is the main reason for cancer-associated deaths and therapies are desperately needed to target the progression of cancer. Lysyl oxidase (LOX) plays a pivotal role in cancer progression, including metastasis, and is therefore is an attractive therapeutic target. In this review we will breakdown the process of cancer progression and the various roles that LOX plays has in the advancement of cancer. We will highlight why LOX is an exciting therapeutic target for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Perryman
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
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18
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da Silva R, Uno M, Marie SKN, Oba-Shinjo SM. LOX expression and functional analysis in astrocytomas and impact of IDH1 mutation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119781. [PMID: 25790191 PMCID: PMC4366168 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysyl oxidase (LOX) is involved in vital biological processes such as cell motility, cell signaling and gene regulation. Deregulation of this protein can contribute to tumor formation and progression. Although it is known that LOX is involved in invasion, proliferation and tumor migration in other types of tumors, studies of LOX in astrocytomas of different grades are scarce. The purpose of our study was to characterize LOX, BMP1 and HIF1A expression by real-time PCR in astrocytomas with WHO grades I to IV compared to non-neoplastic brain tissue. IDH1 mutational status was determined by PCR and sequencing. LOX protein expression was also analyzed by immunohistochemistry. LOX functional analyses were performed using siRNA knockdown and the specific inhibitor BAPN in two glioblastoma cell lines. The expression levels of LOX, BMP1 and HIF1A were correlated and analyzed according to IDH1 mutation status and to the clinical end-point of overall survival of glioblastoma patients. The results demonstrate that increased expression and activity of LOX, BMP1 and HIF1A were positively correlated with the malignant grade of astrocytomas. LOX protein expression also increased according to the degree of malignancy, with localization in the cytoplasm and nucleus and staining observed in endothelial cells. Glioblastoma with a mutation in IDH1 expressed lower levels of LOX in the nucleus, and IDH1-mutated cases showed lower LOX expression levels when compared to wild-type IDH1 cases. LOX knockdown and inhibition by BAPN in U87MG and A172 cell lines affected migration, invasion and soft agar colony formation. Taken together, these results corroborate the role of LOX in the migration, invasion and angiogenesis of astrocytomas. Furthermore, LOX expression is influenced by IDH1 mutational status. This work provides new insights for researchers aiming to design targeted therapies to control astrocytomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roseli da Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Neurology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 01246-903, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Miyuki Uno
- Center of Translational Research in Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), 01246-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suely K. Nagahashi Marie
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Neurology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 01246-903, Brazil
- Center for Studies of Cellular and Molecular Therapy (NETCEM), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sueli M. Oba-Shinjo
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Neurology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 01246-903, Brazil
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