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Zhang J, Han H, Liu Y, Xu J, Zhang D, Wang W, Gao Y, Li Z, Qin Y. SKF96365 Inhibits Tumor Proliferation by Inducing Apoptosis and Autophagy in Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Genomics 2024; 2024:4501154. [PMID: 39165489 PMCID: PMC11335422 DOI: 10.1155/2024/4501154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Calcium channel blockers are emerging as a new generation of attractive anticancer drugs. SKF96365, originally thought to be a store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) inhibitor, is now often used as a TRPC channel blocker and is widely used in medical diagnostics. SKF96365 has shown antitumor effects on a variety of cancer cell lines. The objective of this study was to investigate the anticancer effect of SKF96365 on esophageal cancer in vivo and in vitro. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and colony formation were used to test the proliferation inhibition of SKF96365 on cell lines. Western blot and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining were used to detect cell apoptosis rates. In addition, we demonstrated the antitumor effect of SKF96365 in vivo in xenografted mice. As a result, SKF96365 significantly inhibited the proliferation of K510, K30, and EC9706 in vitro. SKF96365 induces apoptosis in three cell lines through the poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP), caspase-9, and BCL-2 pathways in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. Moreover, SKF96365 treatment also induced apoptosis and inhibited tumor growth in nude mice. The calcium channel TRPC1 was significantly downregulated by SKF96365. Autophagy was also induced during the treatment of SKF96365. In summary, SKF96365 induces apoptosis (PARP, caspase-9, and BCL-2) and autophagy (LC3-A/B) by inhibiting TRPC1 in esophageal cancer cells, thereby inhibiting tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Zhang
- Department of OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Huiqiong Han
- Department of OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yihan Liu
- Department of OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Jiayao Xu
- Department of OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Daidi Zhang
- Department of OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Wenjia Wang
- Department of OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yaping Gao
- Department of OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Zhengrui Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck OncologyShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yanru Qin
- Department of OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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2
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Gui L, Tellios V, Xiang YY, Feng Q, Inoue W, Lu WY. Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Regulates Cerebellar Parallel Fiber Slow EPSC in Purkinje Neurons by Modulating STIM1-Gated TRPC3-Containing Channels. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024:10.1007/s12311-024-01683-0. [PMID: 38472628 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-024-01683-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Responding to burst stimulation of parallel fibers (PFs), cerebellar Purkinje neurons (PNs) generate a convolved synaptic response displaying a fast excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSCFast) followed by a slow EPSC (EPSCSlow). The latter is companied with a rise of intracellular Ca2+ and critical for motor coordination. The genesis of EPSCSlow in PNs results from activation of metabotropic type 1 glutamate receptor (mGluR1), oligomerization of stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) on the membrane of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and opening of transient receptor potential canonical 3 (TRPC3) channels on the plasma membrane. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) is abundantly expressed in PFs and granule neurons (GNs), catalyzing the production of nitric oxide (NO) hence regulating PF-PN synaptic function. We recently found that nNOS/NO regulates the morphological development of PNs through mGluR1-regulated Ca2+-dependent mechanism. This study investigated the role of nNOS/NO in regulating EPSCSlow. Electrophysiological analyses showed that EPSCSlow in cerebellar slices of nNOS knockout (nNOS-/-) mice was significantly larger than that in wildtype (WT) mice. Activation of mGluR1 in cultured PNs from nNOS-/- mice evoked larger TRPC3-channel mediated currents and intracellular Ca2+ rise than that in PNs from WT mice. In addition, nNOS inhibitor and NO-donor increased and decreased, respectively, the TRPC3-current and Ca2+ rise in PNs. Moreover, the NO-donor effectively decreased TRPC3 currents in HEK293 cells expressing WT STIM1, but not cells expressing a STIM1 with cysteine mutants. These novel findings indicate that nNOS/NO inhibits TRPC3-containig channel mediated cation influx during EPSCSlow, at least in part, by S-nitrosylation of STIM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Gui
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street North, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Vasiliki Tellios
- Graduate Program of Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street North, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Yun-Yan Xiang
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street North, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Qingping Feng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western, Ontario1151 Richmond Street North, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Wataru Inoue
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street North, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.
- Graduate Program of Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street North, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western, Ontario1151 Richmond Street North, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.
| | - Wei-Yang Lu
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street North, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.
- Graduate Program of Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street North, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western, Ontario1151 Richmond Street North, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.
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Park N, Marquez J, Anh NTT, Flores J, Garcia MVF, Shimizu I, Nam J, Nilius B, Kim HK, Han J. Cereblon-mediated TRPC1 degradation regulates Ca 2+ influx in the heart. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167030. [PMID: 38272148 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Nammi Park
- Basic Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Smart Marine Therapeutic Center, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Core Research Support Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, South Korea
| | - Jubert Marquez
- Basic Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Smart Marine Therapeutic Center, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Core Research Support Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, South Korea; Department of Biology, De La Salle University, Manila 1004, Philippines
| | - Nguyen Thi Tuyet Anh
- Basic Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Smart Marine Therapeutic Center, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Core Research Support Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, South Korea; Department of Health Science and Technology, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 47392, South Korea
| | - Jessa Flores
- Basic Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Smart Marine Therapeutic Center, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Core Research Support Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, South Korea; Department of Health Science and Technology, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 47392, South Korea
| | - Maria Victoria Faith Garcia
- Basic Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Smart Marine Therapeutic Center, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Core Research Support Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, South Korea; Department of Health Science and Technology, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 47392, South Korea
| | - Ippei Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Aging, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Joohyun Nam
- Dongguk University College of Medicine, 27 Dongdae-ro, Ilsan Dong-gu, Goyang 410-773, South Korea
| | - Bernd Nilius
- Department Cell Molecular Medicine, Laboratory Ion Channel Research, Campus Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hyoung Kyu Kim
- Basic Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Smart Marine Therapeutic Center, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Core Research Support Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, South Korea; Department of Health Science and Technology, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 47392, South Korea
| | - Jin Han
- Basic Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Smart Marine Therapeutic Center, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Core Research Support Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, South Korea; Department of Health Science and Technology, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 47392, South Korea.
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4
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Collins HE, Zhang D, Chatham JC. STIM and Orai Mediated Regulation of Calcium Signaling in Age-Related Diseases. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:876785. [PMID: 35821821 PMCID: PMC9261457 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.876785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Tight spatiotemporal regulation of intracellular Ca2+ plays a critical role in regulating diverse cellular functions including cell survival, metabolism, and transcription. As a result, eukaryotic cells have developed a wide variety of mechanisms for controlling Ca2+ influx and efflux across the plasma membrane as well as Ca2+ release and uptake from intracellular stores. The STIM and Orai protein families comprising of STIM1, STIM2, Orai1, Orai2, and Orai3, are evolutionarily highly conserved proteins that are core components of all mammalian Ca2+ signaling systems. STIM1 and Orai1 are considered key players in the regulation of Store Operated Calcium Entry (SOCE), where release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores such as the Endoplasmic/Sarcoplasmic reticulum (ER/SR) triggers Ca2+ influx across the plasma membrane. SOCE, which has been widely characterized in non-excitable cells, plays a central role in Ca2+-dependent transcriptional regulation. In addition to their role in Ca2+ signaling, STIM1 and Orai1 have been shown to contribute to the regulation of metabolism and mitochondrial function. STIM and Orai proteins are also subject to redox modifications, which influence their activities. Considering their ubiquitous expression, there has been increasing interest in the roles of STIM and Orai proteins in excitable cells such as neurons and myocytes. While controversy remains as to the importance of SOCE in excitable cells, STIM1 and Orai1 are essential for cellular homeostasis and their disruption is linked to various diseases associated with aging such as cardiovascular disease and neurodegeneration. The recent identification of splice variants for most STIM and Orai isoforms while complicating our understanding of their function, may also provide insight into some of the current contradictions on their roles. Therefore, the goal of this review is to describe our current understanding of the molecular regulation of STIM and Orai proteins and their roles in normal physiology and diseases of aging, with a particular focus on heart disease and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen E. Collins
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Dingguo Zhang
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - John C. Chatham
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States,*Correspondence: John C. Chatham,
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5
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Calcium Signaling Regulates Autophagy and Apoptosis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082125. [PMID: 34440894 PMCID: PMC8394685 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) functions as a second messenger that is critical in regulating fundamental physiological functions such as cell growth/development, cell survival, neuronal development and/or the maintenance of cellular functions. The coordination among various proteins/pumps/Ca2+ channels and Ca2+ storage in various organelles is critical in maintaining cytosolic Ca2+ levels that provide the spatial resolution needed for cellular homeostasis. An important regulatory aspect of Ca2+ homeostasis is a store operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) mechanism that is activated by the depletion of Ca2+ from internal ER stores and has gained much attention for influencing functions in both excitable and non-excitable cells. Ca2+ has been shown to regulate opposing functions such as autophagy, that promote cell survival; on the other hand, Ca2+ also regulates programmed cell death processes such as apoptosis. The functional significance of the TRP/Orai channels has been elaborately studied; however, information on how they can modulate opposing functions and modulate function in excitable and non-excitable cells is limited. Importantly, perturbations in SOCE have been implicated in a spectrum of pathological neurodegenerative conditions. The critical role of autophagy machinery in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s diseases, would presumably unveil avenues for plausible therapeutic interventions for these diseases. We thus review the role of SOCE-regulated Ca2+ signaling in modulating these diverse functions in stem cell, immune regulation and neuromodulation.
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6
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Sun Y, Sukumaran P, Singh BB. Sigma1 Receptor Inhibits TRPC1-Mediated Ca 2+ Entry That Promotes Dopaminergic Cell Death. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 41:1245-1255. [PMID: 32514827 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00892-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis is essential for neuronal function and its survival. Recent data suggest that TRPC1 function as the endogenous store-mediated Ca2+ entry channel in dopaminergic cells, and loss of TRPC1 function leads to neurodegeneration; however, its regulation is not fully identified. Here we provide evidence that the sigma 1 receptor contributes to the loss of dopaminergic cells by blocking TRPC1-mediated Ca2+ entry. Importantly, downregulation of sigma 1 receptor expression significantly decreased neurotoxin-induced loss of dopaminergic cells as measured by MTT assays and caspase activity was also inhibited. Importantly, sigma 1 receptor inhibited TRPC1-mediated Ca2+ entry and silencing of sigma 1 receptor significantly restored store-dependent Ca2+ influx. Although co-immunoprecipitation failed to show an interaction between the TRPC1 and sigma 1 receptor, store depletion promoted a decrease in the sigma 1 receptor-STIM1 association. Neurotoxin-induced loss of Ca2+ entry was significantly restored in cells that had decreased sigma 1 receptor expression. Furthermore, TRPC1 or STIM1 silencing inhibited store-mediated Ca2+ entry, which was further increased upon the downregulation of the sigma 1 receptor expression. TRPC1 silencing prevented the increased neuroprotection and caspase activity observed upon the downregulation of sigma 1 receptor. Finally, sigma 1 receptor activation also significantly decreased TRPC1-mediated Ca2+ entry and lead to an increase in neurodegeneration. In contrast, addition of sigma 1 receptor antagonist prevented neurotoxin-induced neurodegeneration and facilitated TRPC1-mediated Ca2+ influx. Together these results suggest that the sigma 1 receptor is involved in the inhibition of TRPC1- mediated Ca2+ entry, which leads to the degeneration in the dopaminergic cells, and prevention of sigma 1 receptor function could protect neuronal cell death as observed in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Sun
- Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Pramod Sukumaran
- Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Brij B Singh
- Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
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7
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Saldías MP, Maureira D, Orellana-Serradell O, Silva I, Lavanderos B, Cruz P, Torres C, Cáceres M, Cerda O. TRP Channels Interactome as a Novel Therapeutic Target in Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:621614. [PMID: 34178620 PMCID: PMC8222984 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.621614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most frequent cancer types worldwide and the first cause of cancer-related deaths in women. Although significant therapeutic advances have been achieved with drugs such as tamoxifen and trastuzumab, breast cancer still caused 627,000 deaths in 2018. Since cancer is a multifactorial disease, it has become necessary to develop new molecular therapies that can target several relevant cellular processes at once. Ion channels are versatile regulators of several physiological- and pathophysiological-related mechanisms, including cancer-relevant processes such as tumor progression, apoptosis inhibition, proliferation, migration, invasion, and chemoresistance. Ion channels are the main regulators of cellular functions, conducting ions selectively through a pore-forming structure located in the plasma membrane, protein–protein interactions one of their main regulatory mechanisms. Among the different ion channel families, the Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) family stands out in the context of breast cancer since several members have been proposed as prognostic markers in this pathology. However, only a few approaches exist to block their specific activity during tumoral progress. In this article, we describe several TRP channels that have been involved in breast cancer progress with a particular focus on their binding partners that have also been described as drivers of breast cancer progression. Here, we propose disrupting these interactions as attractive and potential new therapeutic targets for treating this neoplastic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Paz Saldías
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Maureira
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - Octavio Orellana-Serradell
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - Ian Silva
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - Boris Lavanderos
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Cruz
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Torres
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - Mónica Cáceres
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile.,The Wound Repair, Treatment, and Health (WoRTH) Initiative, Santiago, Chile
| | - Oscar Cerda
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile.,The Wound Repair, Treatment, and Health (WoRTH) Initiative, Santiago, Chile
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8
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Zheng CB, Gao WC, Xie M, Li Z, Ma X, Song W, Luo D, Huang Y, Yang J, Zhang P, Huang Y, Yang W, Yao X. Ang II Promotes Cardiac Autophagy and Hypertrophy via Orai1/STIM1. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:622774. [PMID: 34079454 PMCID: PMC8165566 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.622774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of cardiac hypertrophy is complex and multifactorial. Both the store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) and excessive autophagy are the major causative factors for pathological cardiac hypertrophy. However, it is unclear whether these two causative factors are interdependent. In this study, we examined the functional role of SOCE and Orai1 in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced autophagy and hypertrophy using in vitro neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) and in vivo mouse model, respectively. We show that YM-58483 or SKF-96365 mediated pharmacological inhibition of SOCE, or silencing of Orai1 with Orail-siRNA inhibited Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte autophagy both in vitro and in vivo. Also, the knockdown of Orai1 attenuated Ang II-induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Together, these data suggest that Ang II promotes excessive cardiomyocyte autophagy through SOCE/Orai1 which can be the prime contributing factors in cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Bo Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wen-Cong Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Mingxu Xie
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Zhichao Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Xin Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wencong Song
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Dan Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yongxiang Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jichen Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Longgang E.N.T. Hospital and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of E.N.T., Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Weimin Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
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9
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Abstract
Ion exchange between intracellular and extracellular spaces is the basic mechanism for controlling cell metabolism and signal transduction. This process is mediated by ion channels and transporters on the plasma membrane, or intracellular membranes that surround various organelles, in response to environmental stimuli. Macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) is one of the lysosomal-dependent degradation pathways that maintains homeostasis through the degradation and recycling of cellular components (e.g., dysfunctional proteins and damaged organelles). Although autophagy-related (ATG) proteins play a central role in regulating the formation of autophagy-related member structures (e.g., phagophores, autophagosomes, and autolysosomes), the autophagic process also involves changes in expression and function of ion channels and transporters. Here we discuss current knowledge of the mechanisms that regulate autophagy in mammalian cells, with special attention to the ion channels and transporters. We also highlight prospects for the development of drugs targeting ion channels and transporters in autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxi Zhang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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10
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Serwach K, Gruszczynska-Biegala J. Target Molecules of STIM Proteins in the Central Nervous System. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:617422. [PMID: 33424550 PMCID: PMC7786003 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.617422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stromal interaction molecules (STIMs), including STIM1 and STIM2, are single-pass transmembrane proteins that are located predominantly in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). They serve as calcium ion (Ca2+) sensors within the ER. In the central nervous system (CNS), they are involved mainly in Orai-mediated store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). The key molecular components of the SOCE pathway are well-characterized, but the molecular mechanisms that underlie the regulation of this pathway need further investigation. Numerous intracellular target proteins that are located in the plasma membrane, ER, cytoskeleton, and cytoplasm have been reported to play essential roles in concert with STIMs, such as conformational changes in STIMs, their translocation, the stabilization of their interactions with Orai, and the activation of other channels. The present review focuses on numerous regulators, such as Homer, SOCE-associated regulatory factor (SARAF), septin, synaptopodin, golli proteins, partner of STIM1 (POST), and transcription factors and proteasome inhibitors that regulate STIM-Orai interactions in the CNS. Further we describe novel roles of STIMs in mediating Ca2+ influx via other than Orai pathways, including TRPC channels, VGCCs, AMPA and NMDA receptors, and group I metabotropic glutamate receptors. This review also summarizes recent findings on additional molecular targets of STIM proteins including SERCA, IP3Rs, end-binding proteins (EB), presenilin, and CaMKII. Dysregulation of the SOCE-associated toolkit, including STIMs, contributes to the development of neurodegenerative disorders (e.g., Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease), traumatic brain injury, epilepsy, and stroke. Emerging evidence points to the role of STIM proteins and several of their molecular effectors and regulators in neuronal and glial physiology and pathology, suggesting their potential application for future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Serwach
- Molecular Biology Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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11
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Sun Y, Nascimento Da Conceicao V, Ahamad N, Madesh M, Singh BB. Spatial localization of SOCE channels and its modulators regulate neuronal physiology and contributes to pathology. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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12
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Designer Cathinones N-Ethylhexedrone and Buphedrone Show Different In Vitro Neurotoxicity and Mice Behaviour Impairment. Neurotox Res 2020; 39:392-412. [PMID: 32535718 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00229-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
N-Ethylhexedrone (NEH) and buphedrone (Buph) are emerging synthetic cathinones (SC) with limited information about their detrimental effects within central nervous system. Objectives: To distinguish mice behavioural changes by NEH and Buph and validate their differential harmful impact on human neurons and microglia. In vivo safety data showed the typical induced behaviour of excitation and stereotypies with 4-64 mg/kg, described for other SC. Buph additionally produced jumping and aggressiveness signs, while NEH caused retropulsion and circling. Transient reduction in body-weight gain was obtained with NEH at 16 mg/kg and induced anxiolytic-like behaviour mainly with Buph. Both drugs generated place preference shift in mice at 4 and 16 mg/kg, suggestive of abuse potential. In addition, mice withdrawn NEH displayed behaviour suggestive of depression, not seen with Buph. When tested at 50-400 μM in human nerve cell lines, NEH and Buph caused neuronal viability loss at 100 μM, but only NEH produced similar results in microglia, indicating different cell susceptibilities. NEH mainly induced microglial late apoptosis/necrosis, while Buph caused early apoptosis. NEH was unique in triggering microglia shorter/thicker branches indicative of cell activation, and more effective in increasing microglial lysosomal biogenesis (100 μM vs. 400 μM Buph), though both produced the same effect on neurons at 400 μM. These findings indicate that NEH and Buph exert neuro-microglia toxicities by distinct mechanisms and highlight NEH as a specific inducer of microglia activation. Buph and NEH showed in vivo/in vitro neurotoxicities but enhanced specific NEH-induced behavioural and neuro-microglia dysfunctionalities pose safety concerns over that of Buph.
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Liu Z, Du Z, Li K, Han Y, Ren G, Yang Z. TRPC6-Mediated Ca 2+ Entry Essential for the Regulation of Nano-ZnO Induced Autophagy in SH-SY5Y Cells. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:1602-1613. [PMID: 32274628 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03025-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, possible applications of zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano-ZnO) have been extensively studied owing to their ease of synthesis. However, the effect of nano-ZnO on the nervous system remains unclear. This study investigates the action of nano-ZnO on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. We found that nano-ZnO (0-50 µg/mL) induced a significant decrease in cell survival rate in a dose-dependent manner, and increased LC3 puncta formation. However, the apoptosis was not affected by nano-ZnO, because the protein levels of cytochrome c, caspase-3, Bcl-xL, and BAX were not varied by the nano-ZnO treatment. Nano-ZnO increased Ca2+ entry and the expression of TRPC6.The results suggested that nano-ZnO increased [Ca2+] through the TRPC-dependent Ca2+ influx, since Ca2+ influx can be prevented by the TRPC inhibitor. Furthermore, cells on nano-ZnO-treatment groups displayed loss of F-actin in a dose dependent manner, which also could be prevented by TRPC inhibitor. Herein, we demonstrated that the nano-ZnO activated TRPC6 channel, thereby increasing the Ca2+ flux and resulting in increased autophagy. Nano-ZnO could have possible anticancer effects in neuroblastoma by inhibiting the proliferation of tumor cells. However, we should also pay attention toward the biosecurity of nano materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowei Liu
- College of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, No.94, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Zhanqiang Du
- College of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, No.94, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Kai Li
- College of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, No.94, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yangguang Han
- School of precision instrument and optoelectronic engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Guogang Ren
- Science and Technology Research Institute, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Herts, AL10 9AB, UK
| | - Zhuo Yang
- College of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, No.94, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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14
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The Interplay between Ca 2+ Signaling Pathways and Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20236004. [PMID: 31795242 PMCID: PMC6928941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20236004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis is essential for cell maintenance since this ion participates in many physiological processes. For example, the spatial and temporal organization of Ca2+ signaling in the central nervous system is fundamental for neurotransmission, where local changes in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration are needed to transmit information from neuron to neuron, between neurons and glia, and even regulating local blood flow according to the required activity. However, under pathological conditions, Ca2+ homeostasis is altered, with increased cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentrations leading to the activation of proteases, lipases, and nucleases. This review aimed to highlight the role of Ca2+ signaling in neurodegenerative disease-related apoptosis, where the regulation of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis depends on coordinated interactions between the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and lysosomes, as well as specific transport mechanisms. In neurodegenerative diseases, alterations-increased oxidative stress, energy metabolism alterations, and protein aggregation have been identified. The aggregation of α-synuclein, β-amyloid peptide (Aβ), and huntingtin all adversely affect Ca2+ homeostasis. Due to the mounting evidence for the relevance of Ca2+ signaling in neuroprotection, we would focus on the expression and function of Ca2+ signaling-related proteins, in terms of the effects on autophagy regulation and the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
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15
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Lin XD, Wu YP, Chen SH, Sun XL, Ke ZB, Chen DN, Li XD, Lin YZ, Wei Y, Zheng QS, Xu N, Xue XY. Identification of a five-mRNA signature as a novel potential prognostic biomarker in pediatric Wilms tumor. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 8:e1032. [PMID: 31701684 PMCID: PMC6978231 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to generate a prognostic model to predict survival outcome in pediatric Wilms tumor (WT). Methods The data including mRNA expression and clinical information of pediatric WT patients were downloaded from the Therapeutically Available Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET) database. The differentially expressed genes were identified and a prognostic signature of pediatric WT was generated according to the results of univariate and multivariate Cox analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the five‐mRNA signature in pediatric Wilms tumor patients. Bootstrap test with 500 times was used to perform the internal validation. Results We identified 6,964 differentially expressed mRNAs associated with pediatric WT, including 3,190 downregulated mRNAs and 3,774 up‐regulated mRNAs. Univariate and multivariate Cox analysis identified five mRNAs (SPRY1, SPIN4, MAP7D3, C10orf71, and SPAG11A) to establish a predictive model. The risk score formula is as follows: Risk score = 0.3036*SPIN4 + 0.8576*MAP7D3 −0.1548*C10orf71 −0.7335*SPRY1 −0.2654*SPAG11A. The pediatric WT patients were divided into low‐risk group and high‐risk group based on the median risk score (value = 1.1503). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed good performance of the 5‐mRNA prognostic model (the area under the curve [AUC] was 0.821). Bootstrap test (Bootstrap resampling times = 500) was used to perform the internal validation and revealed that the AUC was 0.822. REACTOME, KEGG, and BIOCARTA pathway analyses demonstrated that these survival‐related genes were mainly enriched in ErbB2 and ErbB3 signaling pathways, and calcium signaling pathway. Conclusion The five‐mRNA signature can predict the prognosis of patients with pediatric WT. It has significant implication in the understanding of therapeutic targets for pediatric WT patients. However, further study is needed to validate this five‐mRNA signature and uncover more novel diagnostic or prognostic mRNAs candidates in pediatric WT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dan Lin
- Departments of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yu-Peng Wu
- Departments of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shao-Hao Chen
- Departments of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiong-Lin Sun
- Departments of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Ke
- Departments of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dong-Ning Chen
- Departments of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Li
- Departments of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yun-Zhi Lin
- Departments of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yong Wei
- Departments of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qing-Shui Zheng
- Departments of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Departments of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xue-Yi Xue
- Departments of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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16
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Schaar A, Sun Y, Sukumaran P, Rosenberger TA, Krout D, Roemmich JN, Brinbaumer L, Claycombe-Larson K, Singh BB. Ca 2+ entry via TRPC1 is essential for cellular differentiation and modulates secretion via the SNARE complex. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.231878. [PMID: 31182642 PMCID: PMC6633397 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.231878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Properties of adipocytes, including differentiation and adipokine secretion, are crucial factors in obesity-associated metabolic syndrome. Here, we provide evidence that Ca2+ influx in primary adipocytes, especially upon Ca2+ store depletion, plays an important role in adipocyte differentiation, functionality and subsequently metabolic regulation. The endogenous Ca2+ entry channel in both subcutaneous and visceral adipocytes was found to be dependent on TRPC1–STIM1, and blocking Ca2+ entry with SKF96365 or using TRPC1−/− knockdown adipocytes inhibited adipocyte differentiation. Additionally, TRPC1−/− mice have decreased organ weight, but increased adipose deposition and reduced serum adiponectin and leptin concentrations, without affecting total adipokine expression. Mechanistically, TRPC1-mediated Ca2+ entry regulated SNARE complex formation, and agonist-mediated secretion of adipokine-loaded vesicles was inhibited in TRPC1−/− adipose. These results suggest an unequivocal role of TRPC1 in adipocyte differentiation and adiponectin secretion, and that loss of TRPC1 disturbs metabolic homeostasis. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: TRPC1 modulates Ca2+ entry, which is essential in adipocyte differentiation and adiponectin secretion, through facilitating SNARE complex formation, thereby maintaining metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Schaar
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - Yuyang Sun
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - Pramod Sukumaran
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - Thad A Rosenberger
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - Danielle Krout
- US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - James N Roemmich
- US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - Lutz Brinbaumer
- Neurobiology Laboratory, NIHES, NIH, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.,Institute of Biomedical Research, (BIOMED) Catholic University of Argentina, Av. Alicia Moreau de Justo 1300, Edificio San Jose Piso 3, Buenos Aires C1107AAZ, Argentina
| | - Kate Claycombe-Larson
- US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - Brij B Singh
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
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17
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Prevarskaya N, Skryma R, Shuba Y. Ion Channels in Cancer: Are Cancer Hallmarks Oncochannelopathies? Physiol Rev 2018; 98:559-621. [PMID: 29412049 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00044.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability is a primary cause and fundamental feature of human cancer. However, all cancer cell genotypes generally translate into several common pathophysiological features, often referred to as cancer hallmarks. Although nowadays the catalog of cancer hallmarks is quite broad, the most common and obvious of them are 1) uncontrolled proliferation, 2) resistance to programmed cell death (apoptosis), 3) tissue invasion and metastasis, and 4) sustained angiogenesis. Among the genes affected by cancer, those encoding ion channels are present. Membrane proteins responsible for signaling within cell and among cells, for coupling of extracellular events with intracellular responses, and for maintaining intracellular ionic homeostasis ion channels contribute to various extents to pathophysiological features of each cancer hallmark. Moreover, tight association of these hallmarks with ion channel dysfunction gives a good reason to classify them as special type of channelopathies, namely oncochannelopathies. Although the relation of cancer hallmarks to ion channel dysfunction differs from classical definition of channelopathies, as disease states causally linked with inherited mutations of ion channel genes that alter channel's biophysical properties, in a broader context of the disease state, to which pathogenesis ion channels essentially contribute, such classification seems absolutely appropriate. In this review the authors provide arguments to substantiate such point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Prevarskaya
- INSERM U-1003, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer et LABEX, Université Lille1 , Villeneuve d'Ascq , France ; Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology and International Center of Molecular Physiology, NASU, Kyiv-24, Ukraine
| | - Roman Skryma
- INSERM U-1003, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer et LABEX, Université Lille1 , Villeneuve d'Ascq , France ; Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology and International Center of Molecular Physiology, NASU, Kyiv-24, Ukraine
| | - Yaroslav Shuba
- INSERM U-1003, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer et LABEX, Université Lille1 , Villeneuve d'Ascq , France ; Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology and International Center of Molecular Physiology, NASU, Kyiv-24, Ukraine
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18
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Sukumaran P, Sun Y, Zangbede FQ, da Conceicao VN, Mishra B, Singh BB. TRPC1 expression and function inhibit ER stress and cell death in salivary gland cells. FASEB Bioadv 2018; 1:40-50. [PMID: 31111119 PMCID: PMC6524637 DOI: 10.1096/fba.1021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Disturbances in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ homeostasis have been associated with many diseases including loss of salivary glands. Although significant progress has been accomplished which led to the increase in our understanding of the cellular responses to ER stress, the factors/ion channels that could inhibit ER stress are not yet identified. Here we show that TRPC1 (transient receptor potential canonical 1) is involved in regulating Ca2+ homeostasis and loss of TRPC1 decreased ER Ca2+ levels, inhibited the unfolded protein response (UPR), that induced loss of salivary gland cells. We provide further evidence that ER stress inducing agents (Tunicamycin and Brefeldin A) disrupts Ca2+ homeostasis by directly inhibiting TRPC1-mediated Ca2+ entry, which led to ER stress in salivary gland cells. Moreover, induction of ER stress lead to an increase in CHOP expression, which decreased TRPC1 expression and subsequently attenuated autophagy along with increased apoptosis. Importantly, TRPC1-/- mice showed increased ER stress, increased immune cell infiltration, loss of Ca2+ homeostasis, decreased saliva secretion, and decreased salivary gland survival. Finally, restoration of TRPC1 not only maintained Ca2+ homeostasis, but inhibited ER stress that induced cell survival. Overall these results suggest a significant role of TRPC1 Ca2+ channels in ER stress and homeostatic function/survival of salivary gland cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Sukumaran
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Yuyang Sun
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Fredice Quenum Zangbede
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58201
| | | | - Bibhuti Mishra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58201
| | - Brij B Singh
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58201
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19
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Hou X, Xiao H, Zhang Y, Zeng X, Huang M, Chen X, Birnbaumer L, Liao Y. Transient receptor potential channel 6 knockdown prevents apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells upon oxidative stress via autophagy activation. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1015. [PMID: 30282964 PMCID: PMC6170481 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1052-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated under various pathological conditions such as renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and provoke damage to multiple cellular organelles and processes. Overproduction of ROS causes oxidative stress and contributes to damages of renal proximal tubular cells (PTC), which are the main cause of the pathogenesis of renal I/R injury. Autophagy is a dynamic process that removes long-lived proteins and damaged organelles via lysosome-mediated degradation, which has an antioxidant effect that relieves oxidative stress. The canonical transient receptor potential channel 6 (TRPC6), a nonselective cation channel that allows passage of Ca2+, plays an important role in renal disease. Yet, the relationship between TRPC6 and autophagy, as well as their functions in renal oxidative stress injury, remains unclear. In this study, we found that oxidative stress triggered TRPC6-dependent Ca2+ influx in PTC to inhibit autophagy, thereby rendering cells more susceptible to death. We also demonstrated that TRPC6 knockout (TRPC6-/-) or inhibition by SAR7334, a TRPC6-selective inhibitor, increased autophagic flux and mitigated oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of PTC. The protective effects of TRPC6 ablation were prevented by autophagy inhibitors Chloroquine and Bafilomycin A1. Moreover, this study also shows that TRPC6 blockage promotes autophagic flux via inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. This is the first evidence showing that TRPC6-mediated Ca2+ influx plays a novel role in suppressing cytoprotective autophagy triggered by oxidative stress in PTC, and it may become a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of renal oxidative stress injury in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hou
- Department of Anatomy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China.,Department of Anatomy, Medical College, Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Engineering, 056002, Handan, China
| | - Haitao Xiao
- Department of Anatomy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases of Ministry of Education, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases of Ministry of Education, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Xixi Zeng
- Department of Anatomy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases of Ministry of Education, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengjun Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases of Ministry of Education, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyun Chen
- Department of Pathology, First Hospital of Wuhan, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Lutz Birnbaumer
- Institute of Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Catholic University of Argentina, C1107AFF, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA.
| | - Yanhong Liao
- Department of Anatomy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases of Ministry of Education, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China.
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20
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Chauhan A, Sun Y, Sukumaran P, Quenum Zangbede FO, Jondle CN, Sharma A, Evans DL, Chauhan P, Szlabick RE, Aaland MO, Birnbaumer L, Sharma J, Singh BB, Mishra BB. M1 Macrophage Polarization Is Dependent on TRPC1-Mediated Calcium Entry. iScience 2018; 8:85-102. [PMID: 30293012 PMCID: PMC6174824 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage plasticity is essential for innate immunity, but in-depth signaling mechanism(s) regulating their functional phenotypes are ill-defined. Here we report that interferon (IFN) γ priming of naive macrophages induces store-mediated Ca2+ entry and inhibition of Ca2+ entry impairs polarization to M1 inflammatory phenotype. In vitro and in vivo functional analyses revealed ORAI1 to be a primary contributor to basal Ca2+ influx in macrophages, whereas IFNγ-induced Ca2+ influx was mediated by TRPC1. Deficiency of TRPC1 displayed abrogated IFNγ-induced M1 inflammatory mediators in macrophages. In a preclinical model of peritonitis by Klebsiella pneumoniae infection, macrophages showed increased Ca2+ influx, which was TRPC1 dependent. Macrophages from infected TRPC1−/− mice showed inhibited expression of M1-associated signature molecules. Furthermore, in human patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome, the level of TRPC1 expression in circulating macrophages directly correlated with M1 inflammatory mediators. Overall, TRPC1-mediated Ca2+ influx is essential for the induction/shaping of macrophage polarization to M1 inflammatory phenotype. TRPC1 mediates sterile or infection-induced Ca2+ influx and M1 phenotype in macrophages ORAI1 mediates the basal Ca2+ influx in macrophages In patients with SIRS, the TRPC1 level correlates with M1 inflammatory mediators in macrophages
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Chauhan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Surgery, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The University of North Dakota, 1301 N Columbia Road, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Yuyang Sun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Surgery, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The University of North Dakota, 1301 N Columbia Road, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Pramod Sukumaran
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Surgery, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The University of North Dakota, 1301 N Columbia Road, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Fredice O Quenum Zangbede
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Surgery, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The University of North Dakota, 1301 N Columbia Road, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Christopher N Jondle
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Surgery, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The University of North Dakota, 1301 N Columbia Road, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Atul Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Surgery, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The University of North Dakota, 1301 N Columbia Road, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Dustin L Evans
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Surgery, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The University of North Dakota, 1301 N Columbia Road, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Pooja Chauhan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Surgery, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The University of North Dakota, 1301 N Columbia Road, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Randolph E Szlabick
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Surgery, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The University of North Dakota, 1301 N Columbia Road, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Mary O Aaland
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Surgery, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The University of North Dakota, 1301 N Columbia Road, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Lutz Birnbaumer
- Neurobiology Laboratory, NIHES, NIH, 111 TW Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA; School of Medical Sciences, Catholic University of Argentina, Institute of Biomedical Research (BIOMED UCA-CONICET), Av. Alicia Moreau de Justo 1300, Edificio San Jose Piso 3, Buenos Aires C1107AAZ, Argentina
| | - Jyotika Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Surgery, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The University of North Dakota, 1301 N Columbia Road, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Brij B Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Surgery, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The University of North Dakota, 1301 N Columbia Road, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Bibhuti B Mishra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Surgery, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The University of North Dakota, 1301 N Columbia Road, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA.
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21
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Canonical Transient Receptor Potential Channel 3 Contributes to Febrile Seizure Inducing Neuronal Cell Death and Neuroinflammation. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2018; 38:1215-1226. [PMID: 29748835 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-018-0586-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Febrile seizure (FS) counts as the most common seizures symptom in children undergoing recurrent seizures, posing a high risk to developing subsequent temporal lobe epilepsy. Canonical transient receptor potential channel (TRPC) members are identified as the FS-related genes in hyperthermia prone rats. However, the role of TRPC3 in hyperthermia-induced FS rats remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated whether TRPC3 functionally contributes to the development of FSs. Elevated TRPC3 mRNA and protein levels was detected in hyperthermia-induced FS rats and rat hippocampal neuron cells. The specific inhibitor of TRPC3, Pyr3, remarkably attenuated the susceptibility and severity of seizures, neuronal cell death, and neuroinflammation in FS rats. Conversely, NCX3 activation was apparently suppressed in rats subjected to recurrent FS and rat hippocampal neuron cells. The expression of NCX3 was up-regulated after TRPC3 inhibition in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, an interaction between TRPC3 and NCX3 was detected by co-immunoprecipitation. Inhibition of TRPC3 suppressed intracellular Ca2+ levels in hyperthermia-treated hippocampal neuronal cells. In conclusion, our findings supported that TRPC3 functions as a critical regulator of seizure susceptibility and targeting TRPC3 may be a new therapeutic strategy for FS.
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22
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Petrova V, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Melino G, Amelio I. The hypoxic tumour microenvironment. Oncogenesis 2018; 7:10. [PMID: 29362402 PMCID: PMC5833859 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-017-0011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 651] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer progression often benefits from the selective conditions present in the tumour microenvironment, such as the presence of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), deregulated ECM deposition, expanded vascularisation and repression of the immune response. Generation of a hypoxic environment and activation of its main effector, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), are common features of advanced cancers. In addition to the impact on tumour cell biology, the influence that hypoxia exerts on the surrounding cells represents a critical step in the tumorigenic process. Hypoxia indeed enables a number of events in the tumour microenvironment that lead to the expansion of aggressive clones from heterogeneous tumour cells and promote a lethal phenotype. In this article, we review the most relevant findings describing the influence of hypoxia and the contribution of HIF activation on the major components of the tumour microenvironment, and we summarise their role in cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varvara Petrova
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Hodgkin Building, Lancaster Road, P.O. Box 138, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
| | | | - Gerry Melino
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Hodgkin Building, Lancaster Road, P.O. Box 138, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK.,Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Ivano Amelio
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Hodgkin Building, Lancaster Road, P.O. Box 138, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK.
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23
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Sukumaran P, Sun Y, Antonson N, Singh BB. Dopaminergic neurotoxins induce cell death by attenuating NF-κB-mediated regulation of TRPC1 expression and autophagy. FASEB J 2018; 32:1640-1652. [PMID: 29150520 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700662rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in Ca2+ homeostasis affect neuronal survival. However, the identity of Ca2+ channels and the mechanisms underlying neurotoxin-induced neuronal degeneration are not well understood. In this study, the dopaminergic neurotoxins 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridium ions (MPP+)/1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), which mimic Parkinson's disease (PD), induced neuronal degeneration by decreasing store-mediated Ca2+ entry. The function of the transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC)-1 channel was decreased upon exposure to the neurotoxins, followed by a decrease in TRPC1 expression. Similar to neurotoxins, samples from patients with PD exhibited attenuated TRPC1 expression, which was accompanied by a decrease in autophagic markers and a subsequent increase in apoptosis markers. Furthermore, exposure to neurotoxins attenuated PKC phosphorylation, decreased expression of autophagic markers, and increased apoptosis in SHSY-5Y neuroblastoma cells, which was again dependent on TRPC1. Prolonged neurotoxin treatment attenuated the binding of NF-κB to the TRPC1 promoter, which resulted in a decrease in TRPC1 expression, thereby attenuating autophagy and activating cell death. Restoration of TRPC1 expression rescued the effects of the dopaminergic neurotoxins in neuroblastoma cells by increasing Ca2+ entry, restoring NF-κB activity, and promoting autophagy. Overall, these results suggest that dopaminergic neurotoxins initially decreased Ca2+ entry, which inhibited the binding of NF-κB to the TRPC1 promoter, thereby inhibiting TRPC1 expression and resulting in cell death by preventing autophagy.-Sukumaran, P., Sun, Y., Antonson, N., Singh, B. B. Dopaminergic neurotoxins induce cell death by attenuating NF-κB-mediated regulation of TRPC1 expression and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Sukumaran
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Yuyang Sun
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Neil Antonson
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Brij B Singh
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
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24
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Kondratskyi A, Kondratska K, Skryma R, Klionsky DJ, Prevarskaya N. Ion channels in the regulation of autophagy. Autophagy 2017; 14:3-21. [PMID: 28980859 PMCID: PMC5846505 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1384887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular process in which the cell degrades and recycles its own constituents. Given the crucial role of autophagy in physiology, deregulation of autophagic machinery is associated with various diseases. Hence, a thorough understanding of autophagy regulatory mechanisms is crucially important for the elaboration of efficient treatments for different diseases. Recently, ion channels, mediating ion fluxes across cellular membranes, have emerged as important regulators of both basal and induced autophagy. However, the mechanisms by which specific ion channels regulate autophagy are still poorly understood, thus underscoring the need for further research in this field. Here we discuss the involvement of major types of ion channels in autophagy regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Kondratskyi
- Inserm, U-1003, Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, University of Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Kateryna Kondratska
- Inserm, U-1003, Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, University of Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Roman Skryma
- Inserm, U-1003, Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, University of Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Daniel J. Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute, and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Natalia Prevarskaya
- Inserm, U-1003, Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, University of Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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25
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Krout D, Schaar A, Sun Y, Sukumaran P, Roemmich JN, Singh BB, Claycombe-Larson KJ. The TRPC1 Ca 2+-permeable channel inhibits exercise-induced protection against high-fat diet-induced obesity and type II diabetes. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:20799-20807. [PMID: 29074621 PMCID: PMC5733613 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.809954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential canonical channel-1 (TRPC1) is a Ca2+-permeable channel found in key metabolic organs and tissues, including the hypothalamus, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle. Loss of TRPC1 may alter the regulation of cellular energy metabolism resulting in insulin resistance thereby leading to diabetes. Exercise reduces insulin resistance, but it is not known whether TRPC1 is involved in exercise-induced insulin sensitivity. The role of TRPC1 in adiposity and obesity-associated metabolic diseases has not yet been determined. Our results show that TRPC1 functions as a major Ca2+ entry channel in adipocytes. We have also shown that fat mass and fasting glucose concentrations were lower in TRPC1 KO mice that were fed a high-fat (HF) (45% fat) diet and exercised as compared with WT mice fed a HF diet and exercised. Adipocyte numbers were decreased in both subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue of TRPC1 KO mice fed a HF diet and exercised. Finally, autophagy markers were decreased and apoptosis markers increased in TRPC1 KO mice fed a HF diet and exercised. Overall, these findings suggest that TRPC1 plays an important role in the regulation of adiposity via autophagy and apoptosis and that TRPC1 inhibits the positive effect of exercise on type II diabetes risk under a HF diet-induced obesity environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Krout
- From the Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Grand Forks, North Dakota 58203 and
| | - Anne Schaar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58203
| | - Yuyang Sun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58203
| | - Pramod Sukumaran
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58203
| | - James N Roemmich
- From the Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Grand Forks, North Dakota 58203 and
| | - Brij B Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58203
| | - Kate J Claycombe-Larson
- From the Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Grand Forks, North Dakota 58203 and
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26
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Zhang P, Liu X, Li H, Chen Z, Yao X, Jin J, Ma X. TRPC5-induced autophagy promotes drug resistance in breast carcinoma via CaMKKβ/AMPKα/mTOR pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3158. [PMID: 28600513 PMCID: PMC5466655 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03230-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adriamycin is a first-line chemotherapy agent against cancer, but the development of resistance has become a major problem. Although autophagy is considered to be an adaptive survival response in response to chemotherapy and may be associated with chemoresistance, its inducer and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that adriamycin up-regulates the both levels of TRPC5 and autophagy, and the increase in autophagy is mediated by TRPC5 in breast cancer cells. Blockade of TRPC5 or autophagy increased the sensitivity to chemotherapy in vitro and in vivo. Notably, we revealed a positive correlation between TRPC5 and the autophagy-associated protein LC3 in paired patients with or without anthracycline-taxane-based chemotherapy. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition and gene-silencing showed that the cytoprotective autophagy mediated by TRPC5 during adriamycin treatment is dependent on the CaMKKβ/AMPKα/mTOR pathway. Moreover, adriamycin-resistant MCF-7/ADM cells maintained a high basal level of autophagy, and silencing of TRPC5 and inhibition of autophagy counteracted the resistance to adriamycin. Thus, our results revealed a novel role of TRPC5 as an inducer of autophagy, and this suggests a novel mechanism of drug resistance in chemotherapy for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongjuan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jian Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
| | - Xin Ma
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
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27
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Sahni S, Bae DH, Jansson PJ, Richardson DR. The mechanistic role of chemically diverse metal ions in the induction of autophagy. Pharmacol Res 2017; 119:118-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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28
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Hempel N, Trebak M. Crosstalk between calcium and reactive oxygen species signaling in cancer. Cell Calcium 2017; 63:70-96. [PMID: 28143649 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The interplay between Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling pathways is well established, with reciprocal regulation occurring at a number of subcellular locations. Many Ca2+ channels at the cell surface and intracellular organelles, including the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria are regulated by redox modifications. In turn, Ca2+ signaling can influence the cellular generation of ROS, from sources such as NADPH oxidases and mitochondria. This relationship has been explored in great depth during the process of apoptosis, where surges of Ca2+ and ROS are important mediators of cell death. More recently, coordinated and localized Ca2+ and ROS transients appear to play a major role in a vast variety of pro-survival signaling pathways that may be crucial for both physiological and pathophysiological functions. While much work is required to firmly establish this Ca2+-ROS relationship in cancer, existing evidence from other disease models suggests this crosstalk is likely of significant importance in tumorigenesis. In this review, we describe the regulation of Ca2+ channels and transporters by oxidants and discuss the potential consequences of the ROS-Ca2+ interplay in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Hempel
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey PA 17033, United States; Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey PA 17033, United States.
| | - Mohamed Trebak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey PA 17033, United States; Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey PA 17033, United States.
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29
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Song W, Shi M, Dong M, Zhang Y. Inducing Temporal and Reversible Autophagy by Nanotopography for Potential Control of Cell Differentiation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:33475-33483. [PMID: 27960368 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b11699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Tuning autophagy has become a new strategy to control cell differentiation in tissue engineering. The nanosized surface is well-known for its ability to interfere with intracellular procedures, while its role in autophagy regulation is unclear. In this study, we found that a nanotube (NT) structure was able to induce enhanced mTOR-independent autophagy in osteoblasts compared to a flat surface. Further analysis revealed that autophagy was temporally promoted by NTs in the initial day contact and it was also reversible by exchanging the substrate nanotopographies. Actin filaments were significantly dispersed and there were numerous filopodia on the leading edge of cells grown on the NT surface. Intracellular Ca2+ was significantly increased on the NT surface. Moreover, the phenomenon was also found on different nanotopographies as well as in different cell lines. These indicated that cell membrane stretching might be the central regulation factor. Finally, we found that the NT surface exhibited enhanced autophagy-dependent osteogenic differentiation efficacy. In addition, the enhancement on NT surface could be remembered. In conclusion, the nanotopographic surface is able to induce temporal, reversible, and memorable autophagy via cell membrane stretching, which may be used as a versatile method to control cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Song
- The State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an 710032, China
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University , Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Mengqi Shi
- The State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Mingdong Dong
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University , Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Yumei Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an 710032, China
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30
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Sun Y, Sukumaran P, Selvaraj S, Cilz NI, Schaar A, Lei S, Singh BB. TRPM2 Promotes Neurotoxin MPP +/MPTP-Induced Cell Death. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 55:409-420. [PMID: 27957685 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0338-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In neurons, Ca2+ is essential for a variety of physiological processes that regulate gene transcription to neuronal growth and their survival. 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ions (MPP+) are potent neurotoxins that selectively destroys the dopaminergic (DA) neurons and mimics Parkinson's disease (PD) like symptoms, but the mechanism as how MPP+/MPTP effects DA neuron survival is not well-understood. In the present study, we found that MPP+ treatment increased the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that activates and upregulates the expression and function of melastatin-like transient receptor potential (TRPM) subfamily member, melastatin-like transient receptor potential channel 2 (TRPM2). Correspondingly, TRPM2 expression was also increased in substantia nigra of MPTP-induced PD mouse model and PD patients. ROS-mediated activation of TRPM2 resulted in an increased intracellular Ca2+, which in turn promoted cell death in SH-SY5Y cells. Intracellular Ca2+ overload caused by MPP+-induced ROS also affected calpain activity, followed by increased caspase 3 activities and activation of downstream apoptotic pathway. On the other hand, quenching of H2O2 by antioxidants, resveratrol (RSV), or N-acetylcysteine (NAC) effectively blocked TRPM2-mediated Ca2+ influx, decreased intracellular Ca2+ overload, and increased cell survival. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of TRPM2 or knockdown of TRPM2 using siRNA, but not control siRNA, showed an increased protection by preventing MPP+-induced Ca2+ increase and inhibited apoptosis. Taken together, we show here a novel role for TRPM2 expression and function in MPP+-induced dopaminergic neuronal cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Sun
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58201, USA
| | - Pramod Sukumaran
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58201, USA
| | - Senthil Selvaraj
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58201, USA
| | - Nicholas I Cilz
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58201, USA
| | - Anne Schaar
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58201, USA
| | - Saobo Lei
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58201, USA
| | - Brij B Singh
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58201, USA.
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31
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Tang BD, Xia X, Lv XF, Yu BX, Yuan JN, Mai XY, Shang JY, Zhou JG, Liang SJ, Pang RP. Inhibition of Orai1-mediated Ca 2+ entry enhances chemosensitivity of HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells to 5-fluorouracil. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 21:904-915. [PMID: 27878958 PMCID: PMC5387165 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports that activation of store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is implicated in the chemoresistance of cancer cells subjected to chemotherapy. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying chemoresistance are not well understood. In this study, we aim to investigate whether 5-FU induces hepatocarcinoma cell death through regulating Ca2+ -dependent autophagy. [Ca2+ ]i was measured using fura2/AM dye. Protein expression was determined by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. We found that 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) induced autophagic cell death in HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells by inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Orai1 expression was obviously elevated in hepatocarcinoma tissues. 5-FU treatment decreased SOCE and Orai1 expressions, but had no effects on Stim1 and TRPC1 expressions. Knockdown of Orai1 or pharmacological inhibition of SOCE enhanced 5-FU-induced inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and potentiated 5-FU-activated autophagic cell death. On the contrary, ectopic overexpression of Orai1 antagonizes 5-FU-induced autophagy and cell death. Our findings provide convincing evidence to show that Orai1 expression is increased in hepatocarcinoma tissues. 5-FU can induce autophagic cell death in HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells through inhibition of SOCE via decreasing Orai1 expression. These findings suggest that Orai1 expression is a predictor of 5-FU sensitivity for hepatocarcinoma treatment and blockade of Orai1-mediated Ca2+ entry may be a promising strategy to sensitize hepatocarcinoma cells to 5-FU treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Dong Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Xia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bei-Xin Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Ni Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Mai
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Yan Shang
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Guo Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Jia Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui-Ping Pang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Physiology, Pain Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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32
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Yang J, Yu J, Li D, Yu S, Ke J, Wang L, Wang Y, Qiu Y, Gao X, Zhang J, Huang L. Store-operated calcium entry-activated autophagy protects EPC proliferation via the CAMKK2-MTOR pathway in ox-LDL exposure. Autophagy 2016; 13:82-98. [PMID: 27791458 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2016.1245261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving biological functions of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) is beneficial to maintaining endothelium homeostasis and promoting vascular re-endothelialization. Because macroautophagy/autophagy has been documented as a double-edged sword in cell functions, its effects on EPCs remain to be elucidated. This study was designed to explore the role and molecular mechanisms of store-operated calcium entry (SOCE)-activated autophagy in proliferation of EPCs under hypercholesterolemia. We employed oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) to mimic hypercholesterolemia in bone marrow-derived EPCs from rat. Ox-LDL dose-dependently activated autophagy flux, while inhibiting EPC proliferation. Importantly, inhibition of autophagy either by silencing Atg7 or by 3-methyladenine treatment, further aggravated proliferative inhibition by ox-LDL, suggesting the protective effects of autophagy against ox-LDL. Interestingly, ox-LDL increased STIM1 expression and intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Either Ca2+ chelators or deficiency in STIM1 attenuated ox-LDL-induced autophagy activation, confirming the involvement of SOCE in the process. Furthermore, CAMKK2 (calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2, β) activation and MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin [serine/threonine kinase]) deactivation were associated with autophagy modulation. Together, our results reveal a novel signaling pathway of SOCE-CAMKK2 in the regulation of autophagy and offer new insights into the important roles of autophagy in maintaining proliferation and promoting the survival capability of EPCs. This may be beneficial to improving EPC transplantation efficacy and enhancing vascular re-endothelialization in patients with hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- a Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Jie Yu
- a Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Dongdong Li
- a Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Sanjiu Yu
- a Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Jingbin Ke
- a Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Lianyou Wang
- a Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Yanwei Wang
- a Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Youzhu Qiu
- a Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Xubin Gao
- a Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Jihang Zhang
- a Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Lan Huang
- a Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
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33
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Sukumaran P, Schaar A, Sun Y, Singh BB. Functional role of TRP channels in modulating ER stress and Autophagy. Cell Calcium 2016; 60:123-32. [PMID: 26995055 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular calcium (Ca(2+)) levels play a vital role in regulating cellular fate. The coordination and interrelation among the cellular organelles, mainly the intracellular Ca(2+) stores in endoplasmic reticulum (ER), are crucial in maintaining cytosolic Ca(2+) levels and in general cellular homeostasis. Moreover, maintaining Ca(2+) homeostasis is essential for regulating diverse and sometimes opposing processes such as cell survival and cell death in disease conditions such as, neurodegeneration, cancer and aging. Ca(2+) is able to regulate opposing functions by either regulating the cellular "self-eating" phenomenon of autophagy to promote cell survival or by regulating the programmed cell death process of apoptosis. Autophagy is also important for cell survival especially after induction of ER stress and association between ER stress and autophagy may have relevance to numerous diseases. Moreover, a multitude of evidence is emerging that the functional regulation of TRP channels, their unique localization, and their interaction with other Ca(2+)-sensing elements define these diverse regulatory pathways. It is this unique function which allows individual TRP channels to contribute differently in the regulation of cell fate and, in turn, determines the precise effect of modulating Ca(2+) signaling via the particular channel. Thus, in this review we have focused on the aspects of TRP channel localization and function (Ca(2+) signaling) that affects the ER stress and autophagic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Sukumaran
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58201, United States
| | - Anne Schaar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58201, United States
| | - Yuyang Sun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58201, United States
| | - Brij B Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58201, United States.
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Morgan-Bathke M, Lin HH, Ann DK, Limesand KH. The Role of Autophagy in Salivary Gland Homeostasis and Stress Responses. J Dent Res 2015; 94:1035-40. [PMID: 26092378 DOI: 10.1177/0022034515590796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic process that has been shown to have a role in many cellular processes including the removal of excessive or damaged proteins and protein aggregates. The salivary glands play a critical role in oral health, and their secretory capacity may be critically intertwined with the autophagic process. This review describes the role of autophagy activation in normal salivary gland homeostasis and during the glandular stress responses of therapeutic radiation, ductal ligation, autoimmunity, and salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Morgan-Bathke
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - H H Lin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - D K Ann
- Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Research, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - K H Limesand
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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35
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Li S, Wang J, Wei Y, Liu Y, Ding X, Dong B, Xu Y, Wang Y. Critical role of TRPC6 in maintaining the stability of HIF-1α in glioma cells under hypoxia. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:3317-29. [PMID: 26187851 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.173161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a key transcriptional factor responsible for the expression of a broad range of genes that facilitate acclimatization to hypoxia. Its stability is predominantly controlled by rapid hydroxylation of two prolines on its α subunit. However, how the rapid hydroxylation of HIF-1α is regulated is not fully understood. Here, we report that transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) 6 channels control hydroxylation and stability of HIF-1α in human glioma cells under hypoxia. TRPC6 was rapidly activated by IGF-1R-PLCγ-IP3R pathway in hypoxia. Inhibition of TRPC6 enhanced the levels of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) and promoted hydroxylation of HIF-1α to suppress HIF-1α accumulation without affecting its transcription or translation. Dimethyloxalylglycine N-(methoxyoxoacetyl)-glycine methyl ester (DMOG), an analog of α-KG, reversed the inhibition of HIF-1α accumulation. Moreover, TRPC6 regulated GLUT1 expression depending on HIF-1α accumulation to affect glucose uptake in hypoxia. Our results suggest that TRPC6 regulates metabolism to affect HIF-1α stability and consequent glucose metabolism in human glioma cells under hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- Laboratory of Neural Signal Transduction, Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jinkui Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Yi Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Xia Ding
- Laboratory of Neural Signal Transduction, Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Bin Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Yinghui Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Yizheng Wang
- Laboratory of Neural Signal Transduction, Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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