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Abstract
PURPOSE The transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a master regulator widely involved in essential cellular functions such as DNA repair. By clarifying the upstream and downstream links of NRF2 to DNA damage repair, we hope that attention will be drawn to the utilization of NRF2 as a target for cancer therapy. METHODS Query and summarize relevant literature on the role of NRF2 in direct repair, BER, NER, MMR, HR, and NHEJ in pubmed. Make pictures of Roles of NRF2 in DNA Damage Repair and tables of antioxidant response elements (AREs) of DNA repair genes. Analyze the mutation frequency of NFE2L2 in different types of cancer using cBioPortal online tools. By using TCGA, GTEx and GO databases, analyze the correlation between NFE2L2 mutations and DNA repair systems as well as the degree of changes in DNA repair systems as malignant tumors progress. RESULTS NRF2 plays roles in maintaining the integrity of the genome by repairing DNA damage, regulating the cell cycle, and acting as an antioxidant. And, it possibly plays roles in double stranded break (DSB) pathway selection following ionizing radiation (IR) damage. Whether pathways such as RNA modification, ncRNA, and protein post-translational modification affect the regulation of NRF2 on DNA repair is still to be determined. The overall mutation frequency of the NFE2L2 gene in esophageal carcinoma, lung cancer, and penile cancer is the highest. Genes (50 of 58) that are negatively correlated with clinical staging are positively correlated with NFE2L2 mutations or NFE2L2 expression levels. CONCLUSION NRF2 participates in a variety of DNA repair pathways and plays important roles in maintaining genome stability. NRF2 is a potential target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China.
| | - Qiang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China.
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2
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Han L, Jara CP, Wang O, Shi Y, Wu X, Thibivilliers S, Wóycicki RK, Carlson MA, Velander WH, Araújo EP, Libault M, Zhang C, Lei Y. Isolating and cryopreserving pig skin cells for single-cell RNA sequencing study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263869. [PMID: 35176067 PMCID: PMC8853494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The pig skin architecture and physiology are similar to those of humans. Thus, the pig model is very valuable for studying skin biology and testing therapeutics. The single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology allows quantitatively analyzing cell types, compositions, states, signaling, and receptor-ligand interactome at single-cell resolution and at high throughput. scRNA-seq has been used to study mouse and human skins. However, studying pig skin with scRNA-seq is still rare. A critical step for successful scRNA-seq is to obtain high-quality single cells from the pig skin tissue. Here we report a robust method for isolating and cryopreserving pig skin single cells for scRNA-seq. We showed that pig skin could be efficiently dissociated into single cells with high cell viability using the Miltenyi Human Whole Skin Dissociation kit and the Miltenyi gentleMACS Dissociator. Furthermore, the obtained single cells could be cryopreserved using 90% FBS + 10% DMSO without causing additional cell death, cell aggregation, or changes in gene expression profiles. Using the developed protocol, we were able to identify all the major skin cell types. The protocol and results from this study are valuable for the skin research scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Han
- School of Biological Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Carlos P. Jara
- Nursing School, University of Campinas, Campinas SP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas SP, Brazil
| | - Ou Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Yu Shi
- School of Biological Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Xinran Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sandra Thibivilliers
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Rafał K. Wóycicki
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Mark A. Carlson
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center and the VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - William H. Velander
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Eliana P. Araújo
- Nursing School, University of Campinas, Campinas SP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas SP, Brazil
| | - Marc Libault
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Biological Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Yuguo Lei
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center and the VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- Sartorius Mammalian Cell Culture Facility, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Chen Z, Shen G, Tan X, Qu L, Zhang C, Ma L, Luo P, Cao X, Yang F, Liu Y, Wang Y, Shi C. ID1/ID3 mediate the contribution of skin fibroblasts to local nerve regeneration through Itga6 in wound repair. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10:1637-1649. [PMID: 34520124 PMCID: PMC8641086 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.21-0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous wound healing requires intricate synchronization of several key processes. Among them, local nerve regeneration is known to be vitally important for proper repair. However, the underlying mechanisms of local nerve regeneration are still unclear. Fibroblasts are one of the key cell types within the skin whose role in local nerve regeneration has not been extensively studied. In our study, we found skin fibroblasts were in tight contact with regenerated nerves during wound healing, while rare interactions were shown under normal circumstances. Moreover, skin fibroblasts surrounding the nerves were shown to be activated and reprogrammed to exhibit neural cell‐like properties by upregulated expressing inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (ID1) and ID3. Furthermore, we identified the regulation of integrin α6 (Itga6) by ID1/ID3 in fibroblasts as the mechanism for axon guidance. Accordingly, transplantation of the ID1/ID3‐overexpressing fibroblasts or topical injection of ID1/ID3 lentivirus significantly promoted local nerve regeneration and wound healing following skin excision or sciatic nerve injury. Therefore, we demonstrated a new role for skin fibroblasts in nerve regeneration following local injury by directly contacting and guiding axon regrowth, which might hold therapeutic potential in peripheral nerve disorders and peripheral neuropathies in relatively chronic refractory wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelin Chen
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Gufang Shen
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Tan
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Langfan Qu
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Zhang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Ma
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Luo
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Cao
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Yang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunsheng Liu
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmeng Shi
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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4
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PTEN inhibitor bpV(HOpic) confers protection against ionizing radiation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1720. [PMID: 33462262 PMCID: PMC7814022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80754-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to Ionizing radiation (IR) poses a severe threat to human health. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop potent and safe radioprotective agents for radio-nuclear emergencies. Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) mediates its cytoprotective signaling against IR by phosphorylating membrane phospholipids to phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5 triphosphate, PIP3, that serve as a docking site for AKT. Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog on chromosome 10 (PTEN) antagonizes PI3K activity by dephosphorylating PIP3, thus suppressing PI3K/AKT signaling that could prevent IR induced cytotoxicity. The current study was undertaken to investigate the radioprotective potential of PTEN inhibitor (PTENi), bpV(HOpic). The cell cytotoxicity, proliferation index, and clonogenic survival assays were performed for assessing the radioprotective potential of bpV(HOpic). A safe dose of bpV(HOpic) was shown to be radioprotective in three radiosensitive tissue origin cells. Further, bpV(HOpic) significantly reduced the IR-induced apoptosis and associated pro-death signaling. A faster and better DNA repair kinetics was also observed in bpV(HOpic) pretreated cells exposed to IR. Additionally, bpV(HOpic) decreased the IR-induced oxidative stress and significantly enhanced the antioxidant defense mechanism in cells. The radioprotective effect of bpV(HOpic) was found to be AKT dependant and primarily regulated by the enhanced glycolysis and associated signaling. Furthermore, this in-vitro observation was verified in-vivo, where administration of bpV(HOpic) in C57BL/6 mice resulted in AKT activation and conferred survival advantage against IR-induced mortality. These results imply that bpV(HOpic) ameliorates IR-induced oxidative stress and cell death by inducing AKT signaling mediated antioxidant defense system and DNA repair pathways, thus strengthening its potential to be used as a radiation countermeasure.
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5
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Yu N, Hu T, Yang H, Zhang L, Song Q, Xiang F, Yang X, Li Y. Twist1 Contributes to the Maintenance of Some Biological Properties of Dermal Papilla Cells in vitro by Forming a Complex With Tcf4 and β-Catenin. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:824. [PMID: 32974352 PMCID: PMC7466560 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE During hair follicle regeneration, hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) are regulated by signals from dermal papilla cells (DPCs). Previously we found that Tcf4 could promote the proliferation of DPCs. In this study, we focused on whether and how the biological properties of Tcf4-induced DPCs were regulated by Twist1. METHODS Twist1 was overexpressed or knocked down in DPCs following different adenovirus or lentivirus infection. Phase-contrast microscopy was used to observe the agglutinative growth of DPCs. The CCK-8 assay was used to test the proliferation of DPCs. Western blot and qPCR experiments were used to determine the expression of HGF, IGF-1, VEGF, c-myc, survivin, and CyclinD1 in DPCs. ELISAs were used to test the growth factors secreted by DPCs. Conditional medium culture was used to detect the inductive ability of DPCs. Co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence were used to test the binding of Twist1, Tcf4, and β-catenin in DPCs. Immunofluorescence was also used to test the expression of Twist1, Tcf4, and KRT15 in hair follicles. RESULTS Twist1 induced DPC agglutinative growth and proliferation. Twist1 upregulated the expression of downstream target genes downstream of Tcf4, c-myc, survivin, in Tcf4-induced DPCs, as well as the expression and secretion of growth factors HGF, IGF-1, VEGF, which had the ability to induce hair follicle growth. The conditional medium from Twist1-treated DPCs increased the expression of KRT40 and MSX2 in HaCaT cells. Twist1 and Tcf4 co-localized in DPCs both in vitro and in vivo. Anti-Twist1 precipitated Tcf4 and β-catenin. CONCLUSION These results indicate that Tcf4 and Twist1 play a synergistic role in regulating the hair follicle induction ability of DPCs. Twist1 functions by forming a ternary complex with Tcf4 and β-catenin. Thus, we report new data that elucidate whether and how Twist1 regulates some biological properties of DPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanlan Yu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tianxing Hu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Cell Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haichao Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lian Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Song
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Institute of Burn Research, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xichuan Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuhong Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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6
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Wang H, Wang Z, Huang Y, Zhou Y, Sheng X, Jiang Q, Wang Y, Luo P, Luo M, Shi C. Senolytics (DQ) Mitigates Radiation Ulcers by Removing Senescent Cells. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1576. [PMID: 32117790 PMCID: PMC7034035 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation ulcers are a prevalent toxic side effect in patients receiving radiation therapy. At present, there is still no effective treatment for the complication. Senescent cells accumulate after radiation exposure, which can induce cell and tissue dysfunction. Here we demonstrate increased expression of p16 (a senescence biomarker) in human radiation ulcers after radiotherapy and radiation-induced persistent cell senescence in animal ulcer models. Furthermore, senescent cells secreted the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and induced cell senescence in adjacent cells, which was alleviated by JAK inhibition. In addition, the clearance of senescent cells following treatment with a senolytics cocktail, Dasatinib plus Quercetin (DQ), mitigated radiation ulcers. Finally, DQ induced tumor cell apoptosis and enhanced radiosensitivity in representative CAL-27 and MCF-7 cell lines. Our results demonstrate that cell senescence is involved in the development of radiation ulcers and that elimination of senescent cells might be a viable strategy for patients with this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilan Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ziwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Toxicology, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Hunan Branch Center, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Translational Medical Center, Central Laboratory, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaowu Sheng
- Hunan Branch Center, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Translational Medical Center, Central Laboratory, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qingzhi Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Luo
- Department of Toxicology, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chunmeng Shi
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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7
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Ionizing radiation induces cutaneous lipid remolding and skin adipocytes confer protection against radiation-induced skin injury. J Dermatol Sci 2020; 97:152-160. [PMID: 32001116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation-induced skin injury is a serious concern during radiotherapy and radiation accidents. Skin fat represents the dominant architectural component of the human skin. However, the interplay between skin fat and the progression of radiation-induced skin injury remains largely unexplored. OBJECTIVE This study aims to elucidate the interplay between skin fat and the progression of radiation-induced skin injury. METHODS SD rats were irradiated with an electron beam. mRNA profiles were determined by RNA-Seq. The skin lipid mass was monitored by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and lipid profiles were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Human mature adipocytes isolated from dermal and subcutaneous white adipose tissues (WATs) were co-cultured with human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and skin fibroblasts (WS1) in the transwell culture system. Cell migration ability was measured by migration assay. RESULTS Radiation modulated cutaneous lipid metabolism by downregulating multiple pathways. Moreover, radiation decreased skin fat mass with altered lipid metabolite profiles. The rats fed with a high-fat diet showed resistance to radiogenic skin injury compared with that with a control diet, indicating that skin lipid plays a radioprotective role. Mature adipocytes promoted the migration but not the proliferation of co-cultured skin keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Palmitic acid, the most abundant fatty acid in skin tissues, facilitated the migration of WS1 cells. Moreover, fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) could be incorporated into skin cells and promote DNA damage repair in irradiated skin fibroblasts. CONCLUSION Radiation induces cutaneous lipid remolding, and skin adipocytes confer a protective role against radiation-induced skin injury.
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Role of the PI3K/AKT (mTOR and GSK3β) signalling pathway and photobiomodulation in diabetic wound healing. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2019; 50:52-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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9
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Chen Z, Wang Z, Jin T, Shen G, Wang Y, Tan X, Gan Y, Yang F, Liu Y, Huang C, Zhang Y, Fu X, Shi C. Fibrogenic fibroblast-selective near-infrared phototherapy to control scarring. Theranostics 2019; 9:6797-6808. [PMID: 31660069 PMCID: PMC6815952 DOI: 10.7150/thno.36375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Fibroblasts, the predominant cell type responsible for tissue fibrosis, are heterogeneous, and the targeting of unique fibrogenic population of fibroblasts is highly expected. Very recently, elevated glycolysis is demonstrated to play a pivotal role in the determination of fibrogenic phenotype of fibroblasts. However, it is lack of specific strategies for targeting and elimination of such fibrogenic populations. In this study, a novel strategy to use the a near-infrared (NIR) dye IR-780 for the targeting and elimination of a fibrogenic population of glycolytic fibroblasts to control the cutaneous scarring is developed. Methods: The identification and cell properties test of fibrogenic fibroblasts with IR-780 were conducted by using fluorescence activated cell sorting, transplantation experiments, in vivo imaging, RNA sequencing in human cell experiments and mouse and rat wound models. The uptake of IR-780 in fibroblasts mediated by HIF-1α/SLCO2A1 and the metabolic properties of IR-780H fibroblasts were investigated using RNA interference or signaling inhibitors. The fibrogenic fibroblast-selective near-infrared phototherapy of IR-780 were evaluated in human cell experiments and mouse wound models. Results: IR-780 is demonstrated to recognize a unique glycolytic fibroblast lineage, which is responsible for the bulk of connective tissue deposition during cutaneous wound healing and cancer stroma formation. Further results identified that SLCO2A1 is involved in the preferential uptake of IR-780 in fibrogenic fibroblasts, which is regulated by HIF-1α. Moreover, with intrinsic dual phototherapeutic activities, IR-780 significantly diminishes cutaneous scarring through the targeted ablation of the fibrogenic population by photothermal and photodynamic effects. Conclusion: This work provides a unique strategy for the targeted control of tissue scarring by fibrogenic fibroblast-selective near-infrared phototherapy. It is proposed that IR-780 based theranostic methodology holds promise for translational medicine aimed at regulation of fibrogenic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelin Chen
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ziwen Wang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Taotao Jin
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Gufang Shen
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xu Tan
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yibo Gan
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yunsheng Liu
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Chunji Huang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Chunmeng Shi
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
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10
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EMT/MET at the Crossroad of Stemness, Regeneration and Oncogenesis: The Ying-Yang Equilibrium Recapitulated in Cell Spheroids. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9080098. [PMID: 28758926 PMCID: PMC5575601 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9080098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an essential trans-differentiation process, which plays a critical role in embryonic development, wound healing, tissue regeneration, organ fibrosis, and cancer progression. It is the fundamental mechanism by which epithelial cells lose many of their characteristics while acquiring features typical of mesenchymal cells, such as migratory capacity and invasiveness. Depending on the contest, EMT is complemented and balanced by the reverse process, the mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET). In the saving economy of the living organisms, the same (Ying-Yang) tool is integrated as a physiological strategy in embryonic development, as well as in the course of reparative or disease processes, prominently fibrosis, tumor invasion and metastasis. These mechanisms and their related signaling (e.g., TGF-β and BMPs) have been effectively studied in vitro by tissue-derived cell spheroids models. These three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems, whose phenotype has been shown to be strongly dependent on TGF-β-regulated EMT/MET processes, present the advantage of recapitulating in vitro the hypoxic in vivo micro-environment of tissue stem cell niches and their formation. These spheroids, therefore, nicely reproduce the finely regulated Ying-Yang equilibrium, which, together with other mechanisms, can be determinant in cell fate decisions in many pathophysiological scenarios, such as differentiation, fibrosis, regeneration, and oncogenesis. In this review, current progress in the knowledge of signaling pathways affecting EMT/MET and stemness regulation will be outlined by comparing data obtained from cellular spheroids systems, as ex vivo niches of stem cells derived from normal and tumoral tissues. The mechanistic correspondence in vivo and the possible pharmacological perspective will be also explored, focusing especially on the TGF-β-related networks, as well as others, such as SNAI1, PTEN, and EGR1. This latter, in particular, for its ability to convey multiple types of stimuli into relevant changes of the cell transcriptional program, can be regarded as a heterogeneous "stress-sensor" for EMT-related inducers (growth factor, hypoxia, mechano-stress), and thus as a therapeutic target.
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