1
|
Miao Y, Wang S, Zhang J, Liu H, Zhang C, Jin S, Bai D. Strategic advancement of E3 ubiquitin ligase in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma. Med Oncol 2024; 41:178. [PMID: 38888684 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02411-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) presents a significant global health challenge due to its high incidence, poor prognosis, and limited treatment options. As a pivotal regulator of protein stability, E3 ubiquitin ligase plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis and development. This review provides an overview of the latest research on the involvement of E3 ubiquitin ligase in hepatocellular carcinoma and elucidates its significance in hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation, invasion, and evasion from immune surveillance. Special attention is given to the functions of RING, HECT, and RBR E3 ubiquitin ligases and their association with hepatocellular carcinoma progression. By dissecting the molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks governed by E3 ubiquitin ligase, several potential therapeutic strategies are proposed: including the development of specific inhibitors targeting E3 ligases; augmentation of their tumor suppressor activity through drug or gene therapy; utilization of E3 ubiquitin ligase to modulate immune checkpoint proteins for improved efficacy of immunotherapy; combination strategies integrating traditional therapies with E3 ubiquitin ligase inhibitors; as well as biomarker development based on E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. Furthermore, this review discusses the prospect of overcoming drug resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma treatment through these novel approaches. Overall, this review establishes a theoretical foundation and offers fresh insights into harnessing the potential of E3 ubiquitin ligase for treating hepatocellular carcinoma while highlighting future research directions that pave the way for clinical translation studies and new drug discoveries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Miao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, 98 West Nantong Rd, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shunyi Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, 98 West Nantong Rd, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, 98 West Nantong Rd, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China
| | - Huanxiang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, 98 West Nantong Rd, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, 98 West Nantong Rd, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shengjie Jin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, 98 West Nantong Rd, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Dousheng Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, 98 West Nantong Rd, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tripathi S, Gupta E, Galande S. Statins as anti-tumor agents: A paradigm for repurposed drugs. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2024; 7:e2078. [PMID: 38711272 PMCID: PMC11074523 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.2078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statins, frequently prescribed medications, work by inhibiting the rate-limiting enzyme HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) in the mevalonate pathway to reduce cholesterol levels. Due to their multifaceted benefits, statins are being adapted for use as cost-efficient, safe and effective anti-cancer treatments. Several studies have shown that specific types of cancer are responsive to statin medications since they rely on the mevalonate pathway for their growth and survival. RECENT FINDINGS Statin are a class of drugs known for their potent inhibition of cholesterol production and are typically prescribed to treat high cholesterol levels. Nevertheless, there is growing interest in repurposing statins for the treatment of malignant neoplastic diseases, often in conjunction with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The mechanism behind statin treatment includes targeting apoptosis through the BCL2 signaling pathway, regulating the cell cycle via the p53-YAP axis, and imparting epigenetic modulations by altering methylation patterns on CpG islands and histone acetylation by downregulating DNMTs and HDACs respectively. Notably, some studies have suggested a potential chemo-preventive effect, as decreased occurrence of tumor relapse and enhanced survival rate were reported in patients undergoing long-term statin therapy. However, the definitive endorsement of statin usage in cancer therapy hinges on population based clinical studies with larger patient cohorts and extended follow-up periods. CONCLUSIONS The potential of anti-cancer properties of statins seems to reach beyond their influence on cholesterol production. Further investigations are necessary to uncover their effects on cancer promoting signaling pathways. Given their distinct attributes, statins might emerge as promising contenders in the fight against tumorigenesis, as they appear to enhance the efficacy and address the limitations of conventional cancer treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Tripathi
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology & EpigeneticsIndian Institute of Science Education and ResearchPuneIndia
| | - Ekta Gupta
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology & EpigeneticsIndian Institute of Science Education and ResearchPuneIndia
| | - Sanjeev Galande
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology & EpigeneticsIndian Institute of Science Education and ResearchPuneIndia
- Centre of Excellence in Epigenetics, Department of Life SciencesShiv Nadar Institution of EminenceGautam Buddha NagarIndia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Janjua D, Thakur K, Aggarwal N, Chaudhary A, Yadav J, Chhokar A, Tripathi T, Joshi U, Senrung A, Bharti AC. Prognostic and therapeutic potential of STAT3: Opportunities and challenges in targeting HPV-mediated cervical carcinogenesis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 197:104346. [PMID: 38608913 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CaCx) ranks as the fourth most prevalent cancer among women globally. Persistent infection of high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) is major etiological factor associated with CaCx. Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3), a prominent member of the STAT family, has emerged as independent oncogenic driver. It is a target of many oncogenic viruses including HPV. How STAT3 influences HPV viral gene expression or gets affected by HPV is an area of active investigation. A better understanding of host-virus interaction will provide a prognostic and therapeutic window for CaCx control and management. In this comprehensive review, we delve into carcinogenic role of STAT3 in development of HPV-induced CaCx. With an emphasis on fascinating interplay between STAT3 and HPV genome, the review explores the diverse array of opportunities and challenges associated with this field to harness the prognostic and therapeutic potential of STAT3 in CaCx.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Divya Janjua
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Kulbhushan Thakur
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Nikita Aggarwal
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Apoorva Chaudhary
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Joni Yadav
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Arun Chhokar
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India; Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Tanya Tripathi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Udit Joshi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Anna Senrung
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India; Department of Zoology, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Alok Chandra Bharti
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pham N, Benhammou JN. Statins in Chronic Liver Disease: Review of the Literature and Future Role. Semin Liver Dis 2024; 44:191-208. [PMID: 38701856 DOI: 10.1055/a-2319-0694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a major contributor to global mortality, morbidity, and healthcare burden. Progress in pharmacotherapeutic for CLD management is lagging given its impact on the global population. While statins are indicated for the management of dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease, their role in CLD prevention and treatment is emerging. Beyond their lipid-lowering effects, their liver-related mechanisms of action are multifactorial and include anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and immune-protective effects. In this review, we highlight what is known about the clinical benefits of statins in viral and nonviral etiologies of CLD and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and explore key mechanisms and pathways targeted by statins. While their benefits may span the spectrum of CLD and potentially HCC treatment, their role in CLD chemoprevention is likely to have the largest impact. As emerging data suggest that genetic variants may impact their benefits, the role of statins in precision hepatology will need to be further explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Pham
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jihane N Benhammou
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Comprehensive Liver Research Center at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang S, Ren X, Zhang B, Lan T, Liu B. A Systematic Review of Statins for the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: Safety, Efficacy, and Mechanism of Action. Molecules 2024; 29:1859. [PMID: 38675679 PMCID: PMC11052408 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the liver component of a cluster of conditions, while its subtype, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), emerges as a potentially progressive liver disorder that harbors the risk of evolving into cirrhosis and culminating in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). NASH and cardiovascular disease (CVD) have common risk factors, but compared to liver-related causes, the most common cause of death in NASH patients is CVD. Within the pharmacological armamentarium, statins, celebrated for their lipid-modulating prowess, have now garnered attention for their expansive therapeutic potential in NASH. Evidence from a plethora of studies suggests that statins not only manifest anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic properties but also impart a multifaceted beneficial impact on hepatic health. In this review, we used "statin", "NAFLD", "NASH", and "CVD" as the major keywords and conducted a literature search using the PubMed and Web of Science databases to determine the safety and efficacy of statins in patients and animals with NASH and NAFLD, and the mechanism of statin therapy for NASH. Simultaneously, we reviewed the important role of the intestinal microbiota in statin therapy for NASH, as it is hoped that statins will provide new insights into modulating the harmful inflammatory microbiota in the gut and reducing systemic inflammation in NASH patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiqin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (S.Z.); (X.R.); (B.Z.)
| | - Xiaoling Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (S.Z.); (X.R.); (B.Z.)
| | - Bingzheng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (S.Z.); (X.R.); (B.Z.)
| | - Tian Lan
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (S.Z.); (X.R.); (B.Z.)
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Bing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (S.Z.); (X.R.); (B.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zmaili M, Alzubi J, Alkhayyat M, Albakri A, Alkhalaileh F, Longinow J, Moudgil R. Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease: The Conjoined Twins. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1450. [PMID: 38672532 PMCID: PMC11048405 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer and cardiovascular disease are the two most common causes of death worldwide. As the fields of cardiovascular medicine and oncology continue to expand, the area of overlap is becoming more prominent demanding dedicated attention and individualized patient care. We have come to realize that both fields are inextricably intertwined in several aspects, so much so that the mere presence of one, with its resultant downstream implications, has an impact on the other. Nonetheless, cardiovascular disease and cancer are generally approached independently. The focus that is granted to the predominant pathological entity (either cardiovascular disease or cancer), does not allow for optimal medical care for the other. As a result, ample opportunities for improvement in overall health care are being overlooked. Herein, we hope to shed light on the interconnected relationship between cardiovascular disease and cancer and uncover some of the unintentionally neglected intricacies of common cardiovascular therapeutics from an oncologic standpoint.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zmaili
- Robert and Suzanne Tomsich Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
| | - Jafar Alzubi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19141, USA
| | - Motasem Alkhayyat
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Almaza Albakri
- Jordanian Royal Medical Services, Department of Internal Medicine, King Abdullah II Ben Al-Hussein Street, Amman 11855, Jordan
| | - Feras Alkhalaileh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Joshua Longinow
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Rohit Moudgil
- Robert and Suzanne Tomsich Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Feng Z, Yin J, Zhang Z, Chen Z, Huang L, Tang N, Wang K. O-GlcNAcylation of E3 ubiquitin ligase SKP2 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation. Oncogene 2024; 43:1149-1159. [PMID: 38396292 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-02977-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification (O-GlcNAcylation) and ubiquitination are critical posttranslational modifications that regulate tumor development and progression. The continuous progression of the cell cycle is the fundamental cause of tumor proliferation. S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2), an important E3 ubiquitin ligase, assumes a pivotal function in the regulation of the cell cycle. However, it is still unclear whether SKP2 is an effector of O-GlcNAcylation that affects tumor progression. In this study, we found that SKP2 interacted with O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and was highly O-GlcNAcylated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Mechanistically, the O-GlcNAcylation at Ser34 stabilized SKP2 by reducing its ubiquitination and degradation mediated by APC-CDH1. Moreover, the O-GlcNAcylation of SKP2 enhanced its binding ability with SKP1, thereby enhancing its ubiquitin ligase function. Consequently, SKP2 facilitated the transition from the G1-S phase of the cell cycle by promoting the ubiquitin degradation of cell cycle-dependent kinase inhibitors p27 and p21. Additionally, targeting the O-GlcNAcylation of SKP2 significantly suppressed the proliferation of HCC. Altogether, our findings reveal that O-GlcNAcylation, a novel posttranslational modification of SKP2, plays a crucial role in promoting HCC proliferation, and targeting the O-GlcNAcylation of SKP2 may become a new therapeutic strategy to impede the progression of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jiaxin Yin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Luyi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Ni Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mikhael S, Kurdi A, Khoueiry-Zgheib N, Tahtouh R, Nasr R, Hilal G. Evaluating synergistic effects of metformin and simvastatin on ovarian cancer cells. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298127. [PMID: 38489280 PMCID: PMC10942021 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian Cancer (OC) stands as the most lethal gynecological malignancy, presenting an urgent clinical challenge in the quest to improve response rates. One approach to address this challenge is through drug repurposing, exemplified by the investigation of metabolic-modulating drugs such as Metformin (MTF) and Simvastatin (SIM). This study aims to explore the molecular mechanisms contributing to the potential synergistic anti-cancer effects between MTF and SIM on ovarian cancer cells. METHODS We assessed the effects of the combination on the proliferation and viability of two cell lines OVCAR-3 and SKOV-3. IC50 concentrations of MTF and SIM were determined using a proliferation assay, followed by subtoxic concentrations to explore the potential synergistic effects on the viability of both cell lines. Transcriptomic analysis was conducted on OVCAR-3 treated cells, and the findings were validated by assessing the expression levels of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) through real-time PCR in both cell lines SK-OV-3 and OVCAR-3. RESULTS Cytotoxicity analysis guided the selection of treatment concentrations as such MTF 10 mM and SIM 5 μM. The combined treatment of MTF and SIM demonstrated a synergistic inhibition of proliferation and viability in both cell lines. In OVCAR-3, exclusive identification of 507 DEGs was seen in the combination arm. Upregulation of FOXO3, RhoA, and TNFα, along with downregulation of PIK3R1, SKP2, and ATP6V1D levels, was observed in OVCAR-3 treated cells. Real-time PCR validation confirmed the consistency of expression levels for the mentioned DEGs. CONCLUSION Our data strongly supports the presence of synergy between MTF and SIM in OC cells. The combination's effect is associated with the dysregulation of genes in the key regulators AMPK and mTOR alongside other interconnected pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mikhael
- Laboratory of Cancer and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Abdullah Kurdi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nathalie Khoueiry-Zgheib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Roula Tahtouh
- Laboratory of Cancer and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rihab Nasr
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - George Hilal
- Laboratory of Cancer and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fatemi N, Karimpour M, Bahrami H, Zali MR, Chaleshi V, Riccio A, Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad E, Totonchi M. Current trends and future prospects of drug repositioning in gastrointestinal oncology. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1329244. [PMID: 38239190 PMCID: PMC10794567 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1329244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers comprise a significant number of cancer cases worldwide and contribute to a high percentage of cancer-related deaths. To improve survival rates of GI cancer patients, it is important to find and implement more effective therapeutic strategies with better prognoses and fewer side effects. The development of new drugs can be a lengthy and expensive process, often involving clinical trials that may fail in the early stages. One strategy to address these challenges is drug repurposing (DR). Drug repurposing is a developmental strategy that involves using existing drugs approved for other diseases and leveraging their safety and pharmacological data to explore their potential use in treating different diseases. In this paper, we outline the existing therapeutic strategies and challenges associated with GI cancers and explore DR as a promising alternative approach. We have presented an extensive review of different DR methodologies, research efforts and examples of repurposed drugs within various GI cancer types, such as colorectal, pancreatic and liver cancers. Our aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of employing the DR approach in GI cancers to inform future research endeavors and clinical trials in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nayeralsadat Fatemi
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Karimpour
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hoda Bahrami
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Chaleshi
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Andrea Riccio
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (IGB) “Adriano Buzzati-Traverso”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Ehsan Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Totonchi
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xing Z, Jiang X, Wu Y, Yu Z. Targeted Mevalonate Pathway and Autophagy in Antitumor Immunotherapy. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2024; 24:890-909. [PMID: 38275055 DOI: 10.2174/0115680096273730231206054104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Tumors of the digestive system are currently one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Despite considerable progress in tumor immunotherapy, the prognosis for most patients remains poor. In the tumor microenvironment (TME), tumor cells attain immune escape through immune editing and acquire immune tolerance. The mevalonate pathway and autophagy play important roles in cancer biology, antitumor immunity, and regulation of the TME. In addition, there is metabolic crosstalk between the two pathways. However, their role in promoting immune tolerance in digestive system tumors has not previously been summarized. Therefore, this review focuses on the cancer biology of the mevalonate pathway and autophagy, the regulation of the TME, metabolic crosstalk between the pathways, and the evaluation of their efficacy as targeted inhibitors in clinical tumor immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zongrui Xing
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Xiangyan Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yuxia Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zeyuan Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cao D, Liu H. Dysregulated cholesterol regulatory genes in hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:580. [PMID: 38071335 PMCID: PMC10710719 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01547-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is an indispensable component in mammalian cells, and cholesterol metabolism performs important roles in various biological activities. In addition to the Warburg effect, dysregulated cholesterol metabolism is one of the metabolic hallmarks of several cancers. It has reported that reprogrammed cholesterol metabolism facilitates carcinogenesis, metastasis, and drug-resistant in various tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Some literatures have reported that increased cholesterol level leads to lipotoxicity, inflammation, and fibrosis, ultimately promoting the development and progression of HCC. Contrarily, other clinical investigations have demonstrated a link between higher cholesterol level and lower risk of HCC. These incongruent findings suggest that the connection between cholesterol and HCC is much complicated. In this report, we summarize the roles of key cholesterol regulatory genes including cholesterol biosynthesis, uptake, efflux, trafficking and esterification in HCC. In addition, we discuss promising related therapeutic targets for HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Cao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No. 1 the South of Maoyuan Road, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Liu
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dewidar SA, Hamdy O, Soliman MM, El Gayar AM, El-Mesery M. Enhanced therapeutic efficacy of doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide in combination with pitavastatin or simvastatin against breast cancer cells. Med Oncol 2023; 41:7. [PMID: 38051378 PMCID: PMC10697881 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02248-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Fighting breast tumors mandates finding different agents devoid of chemotherapy side effects. Repurposing existing drugs, such as statins, presents a promising avenue for the development of novel cancer therapeutics. Based on the different effects of statin members, this study aims to evaluate the effect of two of the most promising lipophilic statins, Simvastatin and Pitavastatin, and their combination with a conventional chemotherapeutic regimen of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide on breast cancer cells. MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cell lines were used to analyze the effects of Pitavastatin and simvastatin in combination with doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide. Cell viability and cell cycle were analyzed and certain apoptosis-related genes such as Bax, Bcl2, and caspase-3, besides cyclin D1 were analyzed using qPCR. The viability of breast cancer cells decreased significantly after treatment with a doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide combination in the presence of Pitavastatin or simvastatin compared with dual doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide with a higher effect in MDA-MB-231 cells than MCF7. In MDA-MB-231, The triple combination of Pitavastatin or simvastatin with doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide resulted in an increase in the expression levels of apoptotic markers than treatment with doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide combination (Bax (p-value = 0.09& 0.02, respectively), Bax/Bcl2 ratio (p-value = 0.0002& <0.0001, respectively)). However, the increase in caspase3 wasn't significant (p-value = 0.45& 0.09, respectively). Moreover, the expression of cyclin D1 decreased (p-value = 0.0002& <0.0001, respectively) and the cell cycle was arrested in the G1 phase. Combination of Pitavastatin or simvastatin with doxorubicin/ cyclophosphamide may induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells via upregulation of the Bax/Bcl2 pathway, potentially providing a promising new therapeutic strategy for breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samar A Dewidar
- Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Omar Hamdy
- Surgical oncology department, Oncology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Moetaza M Soliman
- Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Amal M El Gayar
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Mesery
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xie L, Liao J, Liu W, Wang R, Li X, Li W, Zhou Z. Gastrodin overcomes chemoresistance via inhibiting Skp2-mediated glycolysis. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:364. [PMID: 37779163 PMCID: PMC10543462 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01648-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aerobic glycolysis, a typical phenotype in human tumors, is associated with tumor progression and chemotherapy resistance. The present study demonstrated that cisplatin-resistant oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells exerted a stronger glycolysis ability, which was associated with hexokinase 2 (HK2) overexpression. Additionally, the tumor growth of OSCC cells was delayed in vivo and the glycolysis was notably decreased following HK2 knockdown. The natural compound screening revealed that gastrodin could be an effective candidate for OSCC therapy since it inhibited HK2-mediated glucose metabolism and promoted endogenous OSCC cell apoptosis. Furthermore, gastrodin could bind to protein kinase B (Akt) and suppress its activity, thus downregulating HK2 at the transcriptional level. Additionally, S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2) was highly expressed in OSCC cells, while K63-linked ubiquitination of Akt was inhibited in Skp2-depleted cisplatin-resistant OSCC cells. Gastrodin could also inhibit the cisplatin resistance of OSCC cells in vivo, particularly when combined with the Skp2 inhibitor, SZL P1-41. Overall, the aforementioned finding suggested that targeting the Skp2-Akt axis could be a potential therapeutic strategy for treating OSCC and overcoming chemoresistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Xie
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China.
| | - Jinzhuang Liao
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Department of Pathology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Ruirui Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Zhongsu Zhou
- The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, 410015, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abate E, Mehdi M, Addisu S, Degef M, Tebeje S, Kelemu T. Emerging roles of cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate kinase 1 (PCK1) in cancer. Biochem Biophys Rep 2023; 35:101528. [PMID: 37637941 PMCID: PMC10457690 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although it was traditionally believed that gluconeogenesis enzymes were absent from cancers that did not originate in gluconeogenic organs, numerous investigations have shown that they are functionally expressed in a variety of tumors as mediators of shortened forms of Gluconeogenesis. One of the isomers of PEPCK, the first-rate limiting enzyme in gluconeogenesis, is PCK 1, which catalyzes the conversion of oxaloacetate (OAA) and GTP into PEP, CO2, and GDP. It is also known as PEPCK-C or PCK1, and it is cytosolic. Despite being paradoxical, it has been demonstrated that, in addition to its enzymatic role in normal metabolism, this enzyme also plays a role in tumors that arise in gluconeogenic and non-gluconeogenic organs. According to newly available research, it has metabolic and non-metabolic roles in tumor progression and development. Thus, this review will give insight into PCK1 relationship, function, and mechanism in or with different types of cancer using contemporary findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ebsitu Abate
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mohammed Mehdi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Sisay Addisu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Maria Degef
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Solomon Tebeje
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tsehayneh Kelemu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cash T, Jonus HC, Tsvetkova M, Beumer JH, Sadanand A, Lee JY, Henry CJ, Aguilera D, Harvey RD, Goldsmith KC. A phase 1 study of simvastatin in combination with topotecan and cyclophosphamide in pediatric patients with relapsed and/or refractory solid and CNS tumors. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2023; 70:e30405. [PMID: 37158620 PMCID: PMC11225565 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) can inhibit tumor proliferation, angiogenesis, and restore apoptosis in preclinical pediatric solid tumor models. We conducted a phase 1 trial to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of simvastatin with topotecan and cyclophosphamide in children with relapsed/refractory solid and central nervous system (CNS) tumors. METHODS Simvastatin was administered orally twice daily on days 1-21, with topotecan and cyclophosphamide intravenously on days 1-5 of a 21-day cycle. Four simvastatin dose levels (DLs) were planned, 140 (DL1), 180 (DL2), 225 (DL3), 290 (DL4) mg/m2 /dose, with a de-escalation DL of 100 mg/m2 /dose (DL0) if needed. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses were performed during cycle 1. RESULTS The median age of 14 eligible patients was 11.5 years (range: 1-23). The most common diagnoses were neuroblastoma (N = 4) and Ewing sarcoma (N = 3). Eleven dose-limiting toxicity (DLT)-evaluable patients received a median of four cycles (range: 1-6). There were three cycle 1 DLTs: one each grade 3 diarrhea and grade 4 creatine phosphokinase (CPK) elevations at DL1, and one grade 4 CPK elevation at DL0. All patients experienced at least one grade 3/4 hematologic toxicity. Best overall response was partial response in one patient with Ewing sarcoma (DL0) and stable disease for four or more cycles in four patients. Simvastatin exposure increased with higher doses and may have correlated with toxicity. Plasma interleukin 6 (IL-6) concentrations (N = 6) showed sustained IL-6 reductions with decrease to normal values by day 21 in all patients, indicating potential on-target effects. CONCLUSIONS The MTD of simvastatin with topotecan and cyclophosphamide was determined to be 100 mg/m2 /dose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Cash
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hunter C Jonus
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Maya Tsvetkova
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jan H Beumer
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Arhanti Sadanand
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jasmine Y Lee
- Laney Graduate School Cancer Biology Program, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Curtis J Henry
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Laney Graduate School Cancer Biology Program, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Dolly Aguilera
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - R Donald Harvey
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology and Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kelly C Goldsmith
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Laney Graduate School Cancer Biology Program, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tennakoon M, Thotamune W, Payton JL, Karunarathne A. CaaX-motif adjacent residues control G protein prenylation under suboptimal conditions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.04.547731. [PMID: 37461501 PMCID: PMC10349941 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.04.547731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Prenylation is a universal and irreversible post-translational modification that supports membrane interactions of proteins involved in various cellular processes, including migration, proliferation, and survival. Thus, dysregulation of prenylation contributes to multiple disorders, including cancers, vascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. During prenylation, prenyltransferase enzymes tether metabolically produced isoprenoid lipids to proteins via a thioether linkage. Pharmacological inhibition of the lipid synthesis pathway by statins has long been a therapeutic approach to control hyperlipidemia. Building on our previous finding that statins inhibit membrane association of G protein γ (Gγ) in a subtype-dependent manner, we investigated the molecular reasoning for this differential. We examined the prenylation efficacy of carboxy terminus (Ct) mutated Gγ in cells exposed to Fluvastatin and prenyl transferase inhibitors and monitored the subcellular localization of fluorescently tagged Gγ subunits and their mutants using live-cell confocal imaging. Reversible optogenetic unmasking-masking of Ct residues was used to probe their contribution to the prenylation process and membrane interactions of the prenylated proteins. Our findings suggest that specific Ct residues regulate membrane interactions of the Gγ polypeptide statin sensitivity, and prenylation efficacy. Our results also show that a few hydrophobic and charged residues at the Ct are crucial determinants of a protein's prenylation ability, especially under suboptimal conditions. Given the cell and tissue-specific expression of different Gγ subtypes, our findings explain how and why statins differentially perturb heterotrimeric G protein signaling in specific cells and tissues. Our results may provide molecular reasoning for repurposing statins as Ras oncogene inhibitors and the failure of using prenyltransferase inhibitors in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mithila Tennakoon
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
- Institute for Drug and Biotherapeutic Innovation, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Waruna Thotamune
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
- Institute for Drug and Biotherapeutic Innovation, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - John L. Payton
- Department of Chemistry, Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio 43022, USA
| | - Ajith Karunarathne
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
- Institute for Drug and Biotherapeutic Innovation, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lee YCG, Chou FN, Tung SY, Chou HC, Ko TL, Fann YC, Juan SH. Tumoricidal Activity of Simvastatin in Synergy with RhoA Inactivation in Antimigration of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119738. [PMID: 37298689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Among kidney cancers, clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) has the highest incidence rate in adults. The survival rate of patients diagnosed as having metastatic ccRCC drastically declines even with intensive treatment. We examined the efficacy of simvastatin, a lipid-lowering drug with reduced mevalonate synthesis, in ccRCC treatment. Simvastatin was found to reduce cell viability and increase autophagy induction and apoptosis. In addition, it reduced cell metastasis and lipid accumulation, the target proteins of which can be reversed through mevalonate supplementation. Moreover, simvastatin suppressed cholesterol synthesis and protein prenylation that is essential for RhoA activation. Simvastatin might also reduce cancer metastasis by suppressing the RhoA pathway. A gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of the human ccRCC GSE53757 data set revealed that the RhoA and lipogenesis pathways are activated. In simvastatin-treated ccRCC cells, although RhoA was upregulated, it was mainly restrained in the cytosolic fraction and concomitantly reduced Rho-associated protein kinase activity. RhoA upregulation might be a negative feedback effect owing to the loss of RhoA activity caused by simvastatin, which can be restored by mevalonate. RhoA inactivation by simvastatin was correlated with decreased cell metastasis in the transwell assay, which was mimicked in dominantly negative RhoA-overexpressing cells. Thus, owing to the increased RhoA activation and cell metastasis in the human ccRCC dataset analysis, simvastatin-mediated Rho inactivation might serve as a therapeutic target for ccRCC patients. Altogether, simvastatin suppressed the cell viability and metastasis of ccRCC cells; thus, it is a potentially effective ccRCC adjunct therapy after clinical validation for ccRCC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chii Gladys Lee
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Ning Chou
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Yu Tung
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chu Chou
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Tsui-Ling Ko
- College of Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Yang C Fann
- Intramural IT and Bioinformatics Program, Division of Intramural, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shu-Hui Juan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mahmoud K, Teaima M, Attia Y, El-Nabarawi M, Swidan S. Size-optimized simvastatin-loaded TPGS modified lipid nanocapsules for targeting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma: Role of PTEN/AKT signaling. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:703-719. [PMID: 37208857 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2216451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Novel D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) modified lipid nanocapsules (LNC) were prepared with the aim of improving the effectiveness of simvastatin (SIM) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The present study, therefore, sought to investigate the effect of size-optimized SIM-loaded LNC on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in HCC, providing insights on the implication of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)/protein kinase B (AKT) axis. METHODS Two optimized SIM-loaded LNCs with particle sizes 25 nm (SIM-LNC25) and 50 nm (SIM-LNC50) were prepared and biodistribution studies were performed. The anticancer effect of the prepared LNC was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. The anti-migratory potential and EMT suppression through PTEN/AKT axis modulation were also explored. RESULTS SIM-LNC50 was superior to SIM-LNC25 in both in vitro and in vivo experiments, as evidenced by cytotoxicity assays, tumor histopathology, and enhanced apoptosis. SIM-LNC50 also alleviated the migratory potential of HCC cells. Moreover, EMT markers implied a transition of tumor cells toward the epithelial rather than the mesenchymal phenotype both in vitro and in vivo. PTEN/AKT axis modulation was also evident with SIM-LNC50. CONCLUSION The present study, therefore, suggests the efficacy of the 50 nm particles in SIM-loaded LNC in HCC by targeting EMT via modulating the PTEN/AKT signaling axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Mahmoud
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Teaima
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasmeen Attia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Nabarawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shady Swidan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo, Egypt
- The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang C, Wang J, Song X, Yu D, Guo B, Pang Y, Yin X, Zhao S, Deng H, Zhang S, Deng W. STAT3 potentiates RNA polymerase I-directed transcription and tumor growth by activating RPA34 expression. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:766-782. [PMID: 36526675 PMCID: PMC9977892 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-02098-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deregulation of either RNA polymerase I (Pol I)-directed transcription or expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) correlates closely with tumorigenesis. However, the connection between STAT3 and Pol I-directed transcription hasn't been investigated. METHODS The role of STAT3 in Pol I-directed transcription was determined using combined techniques. The regulation of tumor cell growth mediated by STAT3 and Pol I products was analyzed in vitro and in vivo. RNAseq, ChIP assays and rescue assays were used to uncover the mechanism of Pol I transcription mediated by STAT3. RESULTS STAT3 expression positively correlates with Pol I product levels and cancer cell growth. The inhibition of STAT3 or Pol I products suppresses cell growth. Mechanistically, STAT3 activates Pol I-directed transcription by enhancing the recruitment of the Pol I transcription machinery to the rDNA promoter. STAT3 directly activates Rpa34 gene transcription by binding to the RPA34 promoter, which enhances the occupancies of the Pol II transcription machinery factors at this promoter. Cancer patients with RPA34 high expression lead to poor survival probability and short survival time. CONCLUSION STAT3 potentiates Pol I-dependent transcription and tumor cell growth by activating RPA34 in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- School of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Juan Wang
- School of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
- School of Materials and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
| | - Xiaoye Song
- School of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Deen Yu
- School of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Baoqiang Guo
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M15 6BH, UK
| | - Yaoyu Pang
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Xiaomei Yin
- School of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Shasha Zhao
- School of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| | - Huan Deng
- School of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| | - Shihua Zhang
- School of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| | - Wensheng Deng
- School of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
MeCP2 Is an Epigenetic Factor That Links DNA Methylation with Brain Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044218. [PMID: 36835623 PMCID: PMC9966807 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation, one of the most well-studied epigenetic modifications, is involved in a wide spectrum of biological processes. Epigenetic mechanisms control cellular morphology and function. Such regulatory mechanisms involve histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, DNA methylation, non-coding regulatory RNA molecules, and RNA modifications. One of the most well-studied epigenetic modifications is DNA methylation that plays key roles in development, health, and disease. Our brain is probably the most complex part of our body, with a high level of DNA methylation. A key protein that binds to different types of methylated DNA in the brain is the methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2). MeCP2 acts in a dose-dependent manner and its abnormally high or low expression level, deregulation, and/or genetic mutations lead to neurodevelopmental disorders and aberrant brain function. Recently, some of MeCP2-associated neurodevelopmental disorders have emerged as neurometabolic disorders, suggesting a role for MeCP2 in brain metabolism. Of note, MECP2 loss-of-function mutation in Rett Syndrome is reported to cause impairment of glucose and cholesterol metabolism in human patients and/or mouse models of disease. The purpose of this review is to outline the metabolic abnormalities in MeCP2-associated neurodevelopmental disorders that currently have no available cure. We aim to provide an updated overview into the role of metabolic defects associated with MeCP2-mediated cellular function for consideration of future therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
|
21
|
Jin W, Yu J, Su Y, Lin H, Liu T, Chen J, Ge C, Zhao F, Geng Q, Mao L, Jiang S, Cui Y, Chen T, Jiang G, Li J, Miao C, Xiao X, Li H. Drug Repurposing Flubendazole to Suppress Tumorigenicity via PCSK9-dependent Inhibition and Potentiate Lenvatinib Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:2270-2288. [PMID: 37151886 PMCID: PMC10158015 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.81415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal malignant cancers across the world. It has a poor prognosis and lacks effective therapies, especially for patients with advanced-stage cancer, indicating an urgent need for new therapies and novel therapeutic targets. Here, by screening the U.S. Food and Drug Administration drug library against HCC cell lines, we identified that flubendazole, a traditional anthelmintic drug, could prominently suppress HCC cells in vivo and in vitro. RNA sequence analysis and cellular thermal shift assays showed that flubendazole reduced the expression of PCSK9 protein by direct targeting. The increased expression of PCSK9 in HCC tissues was demonstrated to be correlated with poor prognosis, and the inhibitory ability of flubendazole was selectively dependent on PCSK9 expression. PCSK9 knockdown abolished the antitumor effects of flubendazole in HCC. Mechanistically, flubendazole inhibited the Hedgehog signaling pathway induced by PCSK9, resulting in the downregulation of smoothened (SMO) and GLI Family Zinc Finger 1 (Gli1). Moreover, combining flubendazole with lenvatinib was found more effective than administering lenvatinib only for HCC treatment in vivo and in vitro. These findings reveal the therapeutic potential of flubendazole against HCC and provide clues on new repurposed drugs and targets for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjiao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Junming Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yang Su
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hechun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tengfei Liu
- Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Chao Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fangyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qin Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lin Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shuqing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ying Cui
- Cancer Institute of Guangxi, Nanning 530015, China
| | - Taoyang Chen
- Qidong Liver Cancer Institute, Qidong 226299, China
| | - Guoping Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jinjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chunxiao Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Hong Li, Xiuying Xiao and Chunxiao Miao. , , . Telephone: 86-21-64047346
| | - Xiuying Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Hong Li, Xiuying Xiao and Chunxiao Miao. , , . Telephone: 86-21-64047346
| | - Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Hong Li, Xiuying Xiao and Chunxiao Miao. , , . Telephone: 86-21-64047346
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang KH, Liu CH, Ding DC. Statins as Repurposed Drugs in Gynecological Cancer: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213937. [PMID: 36430409 PMCID: PMC9695805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovering new drugs is an expensive and time-consuming process, including target identification, bioavailability, pharmacokinetic (PK) tests, pharmacodynamic (PD) tests, toxicity profiles, recommended dosage test, and observation of the side effects, etc. Repurposed drugs could bypass some steps, starting from phase II trials, and shorten the processes. Statins, also known as HMG-CoA inhibitors (HMGCR), are commonly used to manage and prevent various cardiovascular diseases and have been shown to improve the morbidity and mortality of patients. In addition to the inhibitory effects on the production of cholesterol, the beneficial effects of statins on the prognosis and risk of various cancers are also shown. Statins not only inhibited cell proliferation, metastasis, and chemoresistance but affected the tumor microenvironment (TME). Thus, statins have great potential to be repurposed in oncology. Hence, we review the meta-analysis, cohort, and case-control studies of statins in gynecological cancers, and elucidate how statins regulate cell proliferation, apoptosis, tumor growth, and metastasis. Although the results in gynecological cancers remain controversial and the effects of different statins in different histotypes of gynecological cancers and TME are needed to elucidate further, statins are excellent candidates and worthy of being repurposed drugs in treating gynecological cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Hung Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hung Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Dah-Ching Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Foundation, and Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-38561825-13381
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Alves de Lima LV, da Silva MF, Concato VM, Rondina DBL, Zanetti TA, Felicidade I, Areal Marques L, Lepri SR, Simionato AS, Filho GA, Coatti GC, Mantovani MS. DNA damage and reticular stress in cytotoxicity and oncotic cell death of MCF-7 cells treated with fluopsin C. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2022; 85:896-911. [PMID: 35950849 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2022.2108950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fluopsin C is an antibiotic compound derived from secondary metabolism of different microorganisms, which possesses antitumor, antibacterial, and antifungal activity. Related to fluopsin C antiproliferative activity, the aim of this study was to examine the following parameters: cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, cell cycle arrest, cell death induction (apoptosis), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), colony formation, and mRNA expression of genes involved in adaptive stress responses and cellular death utilizing a monolayer. In addition, a three-dimensional cell culture was used to evaluate the effects on growth of tumor spheroids. Fluopsin C was cytotoxic (1) producing cell division arrest in the G1 phase, (2) elevating expression of mRNA of the CDKN1A gene and (3) decrease in expression of mRNA H2AFX gene. Further, fluopsin C enhanced DNA damage as evidenced by increased expression of mRNA of GADD45A and GPX1 genes, indicating that reactive oxygen species (ROS) may be involved in the observed genotoxic response. Reticulum stress was also detected as noted from activation of the ribonuclease inositol-requiring protein 1 (IRE1) pathway, since a rise in mRNA expression of the ERN1 and TRAF2 genes was observed. During the cell death process, an increase in mRNA expression of the BBC3 gene was noted, indicating participation of this antibiotic in oncotic (ischemic) cell death. Data thus demonstrated for the first time that fluopsin C interferes with the volume of tumor spheroids, in order to attenuate their growth. Our findings show that fluopsin C modulates essential molecular processes in response to stress and cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luan Vitor Alves de Lima
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Matheus Felipe da Silva
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Virginia Marcia Concato
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Thalita Alves Zanetti
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Felicidade
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lilian Areal Marques
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Sandra Regina Lepri
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ane Stéfano Simionato
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Galdino Andrade Filho
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Mário Sérgio Mantovani
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Qu X, Zhao X, Lin K, Wang N, Li X, Li S, Zhang L, Shi Y. M2-like tumor-associated macrophage-related biomarkers to construct a novel prognostic signature, reveal the immune landscape, and screen drugs in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:994019. [PMID: 36177006 PMCID: PMC9513313 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.994019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundM2-like tumor-associated macrophages (M2-like TAMs) have important roles in the progression and therapeutics of cancers. We aimed to detect novel M2-like TAM-related biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) via integrative analysis of single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) and bulk RNA-seq data to construct a novel prognostic signature, reveal the “immune landscape”, and screen drugs in HCC.MethodsM2-like TAM-related genes were obtained by overlapping the marker genes of TAM identified from scRNA-seq data and M2 macrophage modular genes identified by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) using bulk RNA-seq data. Univariate Cox regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analyses were carried out to screen prognostic genes from M2-like TAM-related genes, followed by a construction of a prognostic signature, delineation of risk groups, and external validation of the prognostic signature. Analyses of immune cells, immune function, immune evasion scores, and immune-checkpoint genes between high- and low-risk groups were done to further reveal the immune landscape of HCC patients. To screen potential HCC therapeutic agents, analyses of gene–drug correlation and sensitivity to anti-cancer drugs were conducted.ResultsA total of 127 M2-like TAM-related genes were identified by integrative analysis of scRNA-seq and bulk-seq data. PDLIM3, PAM, PDLIM7, FSCN1, DPYSL2, ARID5B, LGALS3, and KLF2 were screened as prognostic genes in HCC by univariate Cox regression and LASSO regression analyses. Then, a prognostic signature was constructed and validated based on those genes for predicting the survival of HCC patients. In terms of drug screening, expression of PAM and LGALS3 was correlated positively with sensitivity to simvastatin and ARRY-162, respectively. Based on risk grouping, we predicted 10 anticancer drugs with high sensitivity in the high-risk group, with epothilone B having the lowest half-maximal inhibitory concentration among all drugs tested.ConclusionsOur findings enhance understanding of the M2-like TAM-related molecular mechanisms involved in HCC, reveal the immune landscape of HCC, and provide potential targets for HCC treatment.
Collapse
|
25
|
Yang S, Xie C, Guo T, Li H, Li N, Zhou S, Wang X, Xie C. Simvastatin Inhibits Tumor Growth and Migration by Mediating Caspase-1-Dependent Pyroptosis in Glioblastoma Multiforme. World Neurosurg 2022; 165:e12-e21. [PMID: 35342027 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.03.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and lethal central nervous system cancer and is associated with a poor prognosis. Simvastatin, a kind of widely used hypolipidemic agent, has been investigated for its beneficial effects on various types of cancers. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the potential inhibitory effects of simvastatin on GBM and the underlying mechanism. METHODS Cell viability and cell cycle of simvastatin-treated U87 and U251 cells were determined by CCK8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Additionally, we assessed cell migration and invasion abilities using a wound-healing assay and transwell assay. mRNA and protein expression patterns of caspase-1 and its markers nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) and IL-1β in different conditions were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence staining, and Western blot. RESULTS Simvastatin decreased the viability of GBM cells and inhibited cell migration and invasion in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, suppression of pyroptosis, as characterized by decreased expression of caspase-1, NLRP3, and IL-1β, was observed. However, use of an miR-214 inhibitor reversed the simvastatin suppressive effect on GBM cells. CONCLUSIONS Simvastatin inhibits GBM progression by suppressing caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis, regulated by miR-214.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shulong Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Chuncheng Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Tieyun Guo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical Science College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Huiying Li
- Department of Central Operating Room, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Nannan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Song Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiuyun Wang
- Department of Abdominal Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Chuncheng Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wang X, Qu T, Sun C, Wang M. Bisdemethoxycurcumin inhibits VEGF-induced HUVECs proliferation, migration and invasion through AMPK/mTOR pathway-dependent autophagy activation and cell cycle arrest. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:1276-1282. [PMID: 35732438 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key mediator of angiogenesis, which plays a key role in the proliferation, migration and invasion of endothelial cell. Bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) is a natural demethoxy curcumin derivative. In this study, we explored the mechanisms whereby BDMC is able to influence the proliferative, migratory and invasive activity of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in response to VEGF treatment. These experiments revealed that BDMC at 10 and 20μM suppressed HUVECs proliferation in response to VEGF (10 ng/mL) without impacting the proliferation in absence of VEGF. BDMC treatment also signifantly suppressed VEGF-induced migratory and invasive activity in HUVECs. However, the selective AMPK inhibitor compound C (3 μM) treatment signifantly reversed all of these effects. Flow cytometric assay showed BDMC treatment was found to induce G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest. Western blotting further indicated that BDMC treatment increased the ratios of p-AMPK/AMPK and LC3B/LC3A, up-regulated the expression of Beclin-1, decreased the ratio of p-mTOR/mTOR, down-regulated the expression of cyclin D1 and CDK4. Overall, these data suggested that BDMC may exert benefical effect on HUVECs activation by activating autophagy and inducing cell cycle arrest through regulation of the AMPK/mTOR pathway, which could provide a potential compound candidate for the treatment of diseases related to VEGF overproduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianbin Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Tiantian Qu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Chuanfen Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Mingyu Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Novel Effects of Statins on Cancer via Autophagy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060648. [PMID: 35745567 PMCID: PMC9228383 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the main causes of death globally. Most of the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer are marked by complex aberrations that activate the critical cell-signaling pathways that play a pivotal role in cell metabolism, tumor development, cytoskeletal reorganization, and metastasis. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase-B/mammalian target of the rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) pathway is one of the main signaling pathways involved in carcinogenesis and metastasis. Autophagy, a cellular pathway that delivers cytoplasmic components to lysosomes for degradation, plays a dual role in cancer, as either a tumor promoter or a tumor suppressor, depending on the stage of the carcinogenesis. Statins are the group of drugs of choice to lower the level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in the blood. Experimental and clinical data suggest the potential of statins in the treatment of cancer. In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the molecular mechanisms through which statins inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells in different types of cancer. The anticancer properties of statins have been shown to result in the suppression of tumor growth, the induction of apoptosis, and autophagy. This literature review shows the dual role of the autophagic process in cancer and the latest scientific evidence related to the inducing effect exerted by statins on autophagy, which could explain their anticancer potential.
Collapse
|
28
|
Vougioukalaki M, Georgila K, Athanasiadis EI, Eliopoulos AG. Cell adhesion tunes inflammatory TPL2 kinase signal transduction. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:156. [PMID: 35218437 PMCID: PMC11072766 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04130-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Signaling through adhesion-related molecules is important for cancer growth and metastasis and cancer cells are resistant to anoikis, a form of cell death ensued by cell detachment from the extracellular matrix. Herein, we report that detached carcinoma cells and immortalized fibroblasts display defects in TNF and CD40 ligand (CD40L)-induced MEK-ERK signaling. Cell detachment results in reduced basal levels of the MEK kinase TPL2, compromises TPL2 activation and sensitizes carcinoma cells to death-inducing receptor ligands, mimicking the synthetic lethal interactions between TPL2 inactivation and TNF or CD40L stimulation. Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK), which is activated in focal adhesions and mediates anchorage-dependent survival signaling, was found to sustain steady state TPL2 protein levels and to be required for TNF-induced TPL2 signal transduction. We show that when FAK levels are reduced, as seen in certain types of malignancy or malignant cell populations, the formation of cIAP2:RIPK1 complexes increases, leading to reduced TPL2 expression levels by a dual mechanism: first, by the reduction in the levels of NF-κΒ1 which is required for TPL2 stability; second, by the engagement of an RelA NF-κΒ pathway that elevates interleukin-6 production, leading to activation of STAT3 and its transcriptional target SKP2 which functions as a TPL2 E3 ubiquitin ligase. These data underscore a new mode of regulation of TNF family signal transduction on the TPL2-MEK-ERK branch by adhesion-related molecules that may have important ramifications for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vougioukalaki
- Division of Basic Sciences, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion, Greece
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation of Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Konstantina Georgila
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouil I Athanasiadis
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aristides G Eliopoulos
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation of Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece.
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Uprety B, Abrahamse H. Targeting Breast Cancer and Their Stem Cell Population through AMPK Activation: Novel Insights. Cells 2022; 11:576. [PMID: 35159385 PMCID: PMC8834477 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite some significant advancements, breast cancer has become the most prevalent cancer in the world. One of the main reasons for failure in treatment and metastasis has been attributed to the presence of cancer initiating cells-cancer stem cells. Consequently, research is now being focussed on targeting cancer cells along with their stem cell population. Non-oncology drugs are gaining increasing attention for their potent anticancer activities. Metformin, a drug commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes, is the best example in this regard. It exerts its therapeutic action by activating 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Activated AMPK subsequently phosphorylates and targets several cellular pathways involved in cell growth and proliferation and the maintenance of stem-like properties of cancer stem cells. Therefore, AMPK is emerging as a target of choice for developing effective anticancer drugs. Vanadium compounds are well-known PTP inhibitors and AMPK activators. They find extensive applications in treatment of diabetes and obesity via PTP1B inhibition and AMPK-mediated inhibition of adipogenesis. However, their role in targeting cancer stem cells has not been explored yet. This review is an attempt to establish the applications of insulin mimetic vanadium compounds for the treatment of breast cancer by AMPK activation and PTP1B inhibition pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna Uprety
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa;
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Goh MJ, Sinn DH. Statin and aspirin for chemoprevention of hepatocellular carcinoma: Time to use or wait further? Clin Mol Hepatol 2022; 28:380-395. [PMID: 35021597 PMCID: PMC9293618 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2021.0366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical studies highlighted potential therapeutic applications of aspirin and statins as anticancer agents based on their pleiotropic effects. Epidemiologic studies suggested the role of aspirin and statins in the chemoprevention of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, observational data is prone to bias, and no prospective randomized trials are currently available to assess the risks and benefits of statin or aspirin therapy for chemoprevention of HCC. It is therefore important for clinicians and researchers to be aware of the quality of current evidence regarding this issue. In this review, we summarize currently available evidence to assist clinicians with their decision to use statin or aspirin and provide information for further clinical investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myung Ji Goh
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Sinn
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Dadashpour M, Ganjibakhsh M, Mousazadeh H, Nejati K. Increased Pro-Apoptotic and Anti-Proliferative Activities of Simvastatin Encapsulated PCL-PEG Nanoparticles on Human Breast Cancer Adenocarcinoma Cells. J CLUST SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-021-02217-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
32
|
Zhao W, Liu X. MiR-3682 promotes the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) via inactivating AMPK signaling by targeting ADRA1A. Ann Hepatol 2022; 27 Suppl 1:100570. [PMID: 34706275 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2021.100570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate miR-3682 as a biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS MiRNA and RNA profiles of 375 HCC tissues and 50 normal liver samples were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Multivariate Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analyses were applied to examine the prognostic value of factors. Target genes of miR-3682 were analyzed by TargetScan and dual-luciferase reporter assay. Online Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) to perform KEGG pathway enrichment. Cell counting kit-8, colony formation and migration and invasion assays were performed to analyze biological behaviors of HCC cells. RESULTS MiR-3682 was identified to be highly expressed in HCC tissues and cell lines. And miR-3682 was negatively and independently associated with the outcome of HCC patients. Inhibition of miR-3682 suppressed HCC cell viability and mobility. ADRA1A, predicted and confirmed as the novel target of miR-3682, was an independent and positive prognostic predictor for HCC. In addition, the knockdown of ADRA1A partially offset the inhibitory effect of miR-3682 inhibitor on the growth and mobility of HCC cells. DAVID enrichment and western blot of key signaling-related proteins analyses revealed that miR-3682 inactivated 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling by negatively regulating ADRA1A. Mechanically, it was partially through suppressing AMPK signaling via targeting ADRA1A that miR-3682 supported the HCC cell malignant phenotype. CONCLUSIONS This study implicates that miR-3682 plays an oncogenetic role in HCC and can be considered a novel therapeutic target and prognostic indicator of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyue Zhao
- Department of gastrology, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250031, China
| | - Xueping Liu
- Department of gastrology, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250031, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Glaucocalyxin A suppresses multiple myeloma progression in vitro and in vivo through inhibiting the activation of STAT3 signaling pathway. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:683. [PMID: 34923957 PMCID: PMC8684694 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02375-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple myeloma (MM) is the most common malignant hematological disease in the people worldwide. Glaucocalyxin A (GLA) is a bioactive ent-kauranoid diterpenoid, that is derived from Rabdosia japonica var. GLA has been demonstrated that it had various pharmacological activities, such as anti-coagulation, anti-bacterial, anti-tumor, anti-inflammation, antioxidant activities. Although GLA has effective anti-tumor properties, its effects on multiple myeloma remain unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the possible anti-cancer effects of GLA and their molecular mechanisms on MM cells in vitro and in vivo. Methods To evaluate the role of GLA on the proliferation of MM cells in vitro and in vivo, we used MTT method to detect the role of GLA on the proliferation of MM cells. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle assay were evaluated by flow cytometry. Protein expressions in GLA-treated and untreated MM cells were evaluated by western blot analyses. MM xenograft nude mice model was used to investigate the role of GLA on the proliferation of MM cells in vivo. IHC assay was used to examine the role of GLA on the MM xenograft model in vivo. Results In the present study, we firstly reported the potent anti-myeloma activity of GLA on MM cells. We found that GLA could induce apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. GLA could inhibit the phosphorylation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and downregulate interleukin IL-6 induced STAT3 phosphorylation in MM. Overexpression of STAT3 could significantly prevent apoptosis induced by GLA; while knockdown of STAT3 enhanced it. Moreover, GLA could inhibit cell proliferation by inducing the cell cycle arrest. GLA reduced the expression of cell cycle-related proteins CCNB1, CCND1, CCND2, and CCND3 and increased the expression of p21 in MM cell lines. In addition, in the MM xenograft nude mice model, GLA exhibited very good anti-myeloma activity. Administration of GLA almost completely inhibited tumor growth within 19 days without physical toxicity. And the IHC results showed GLA significantly inhibited cell proliferation and interfered STAT3 pathway on MM xenograft model tumor tissues. Conclusions Taken together, our present research indicated that GLA inhibits the MM cell proliferation, induces MM cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest through blocking the activation of STAT3 pathway. Thus, GLA may be a potential therapeutic candidate for MM patients in the future.
Collapse
|
34
|
Fungal Secondary Metabolites as Inhibitors of the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413309. [PMID: 34948102 PMCID: PMC8707610 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) is the major non-lysosomal pathway responsible for regulated degradation of intracellular proteins in eukaryotes. As the principal proteolytic pathway in the cytosol and the nucleus, the UPS serves two main functions: the quality control function (i.e., removal of damaged, misfolded, and functionally incompetent proteins) and a major regulatory function (i.e., targeted degradation of a variety of short-lived regulatory proteins involved in cell cycle control, signal transduction cascades, and regulation of gene expression and metabolic pathways). Aberrations in the UPS are implicated in numerous human pathologies such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, autoimmunity, inflammation, or infectious diseases. Therefore, the UPS has become an attractive target for drug discovery and development. For the past two decades, much research has been focused on identifying and developing compounds that target specific components of the UPS. Considerable effort has been devoted to the development of both second-generation proteasome inhibitors and inhibitors of ubiquitinating/deubiquitinating enzymes. With the feature of unique structure and bioactivity, secondary metabolites (natural products) serve as the lead compounds in the development of new therapeutic drugs. This review, for the first time, summarizes fungal secondary metabolites found to act as inhibitors of the UPS components.
Collapse
|
35
|
Vigneau AL, Rico C, Boerboom D, Paquet M. Statins downregulate YAP and TAZ and exert anti-cancer effects in canine mammary tumour cells. Vet Comp Oncol 2021; 20:437-448. [PMID: 34881506 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Canine mammary tumours (CMTs) are the most common neoplasms in intact bitches, and few chemotherapeutic options are available for highly invasive and metastatic tumours. Recent studies have shown the potential involvement of dysregulated Hippo signalling in CMT development and progression. Statins can activate the Hippo pathway by blocking protein geranylgeranylation (GGylation), resulting in decreased expression and activity of the transcriptional co-activators YAP and TAZ. In this study, we therefore sought to determine if statins could exert anti-cancer effects in CMT cells. Our results demonstrate that Atorvastatin and Fluvastatin are cytotoxic to two CMT cell lines (CMT9 and CMT47), with ED50 values ranging from 0.95 to 23.5 μM. Both statins acted to increase apoptosis and promote cell cycle arrest. Both statins also decreased YAP and TAZ expression and reduced the mRNA levels of key Hippo transcriptional target genes known to be involved in breast cancer progression and chemoresistance (CYR61, CTGF and RHAMM). Moreover, both statins effectively inhibited cell migration and anchorage independent growth, but did not influence matrix invasion. Taken together, our results demonstrate for the first time that statins act upon the Hippo pathway in CMT cells to counteract several molecular and cellular hallmarks of cancer. These findings suggest that targeting the Hippo pathway with statins represents a novel and promising approach for the treatment canine mammary gland cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laurence Vigneau
- Département de Pathologie et de Microbiologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Charlène Rico
- Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Derek Boerboom
- Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marilène Paquet
- Département de Pathologie et de Microbiologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ji Y, Yang S, Yan X, Zhu L, Yang W, Yang X, Yu F, Shi L, Zhu X, Lu Y, Zhang C, Lu H, Zhang F. CircCRIM1 Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Proliferation and Angiogenesis by Sponging miR-378a-3p and Regulating SKP2 Expression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:796686. [PMID: 34869393 PMCID: PMC8634842 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.796686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence has demonstrated that circular RNAs have an important function in tumorigenesis and cancer evolvement. CircCRIM1 has been shown to be a poor prognostic element in multiple human malignancies. However, the clinical significance and mechanism of circCRIM1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still unclear. The present study confirmed the expression level of circCRIM1 using quantitative real-time PCR. In addition, circCRIM1 siRNA and overexpression vectors were used for transfection into LM3 or Huh7 cells to down- or up-regulate the expression of circCRIM1. In vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to explore the function of circCRIM1 in HCC. RNA pull-down, RNA immunoprecipitation, fluorescent in situ hybridization, and luciferase reporter assays were conducted to confirm the relationship between miR-378a-3p and circCRIM1 or S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2) in HCC. Then, circCRIM1 was up-regulated in HCC and its expression level was significantly associated with poor prognosis and clinicopathologic characteristics. CircCRIM1 enhanced the proliferation and angiogenesis of HCC cells in vitro and promoted xenograft growth in vivo. Moreover, circCRIM1 upregulated the expression of SKP2 by functioning as a sponge for miR-378a-3p. These findings suggest that circCRIM1 boosts the HCC progression via the miR-378-3p/SKP2 axis and may act as a crucial epigenetic therapeutic molecule target in HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ji
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shikun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xueqi Yan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinchen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Longqing Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xi Zhu
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan Affliated with Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yunjie Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Chuanyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhang Y, He J, Tang X, Zhang Z, Tian Y. A Validated LC-MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Simvastatin and Simvastatin Acid in Beagle Plasma: Application to an Absolute Bioavailability Study. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 36:e5290. [PMID: 34854096 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A highly sensitive LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous detection of both simvastatin (SV) and simvastatin acid (SVA) in beagle plasma was developed and successfully applied to an absolute bioavailability study. Lovastatin (LV) was used as internal standard (IS). The analysis was performed using an electrospray ionization (ESI) and selective reaction monitoring (SRM) in positive mode at m/z 441.0 → 325.0 for SV, 459.0 → 343.0 for SVA and 427.0 → 325.0 for IS, respectively. The assay procedure involved a simple liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) of SV, SVA and LV from beagle plasma into methyl tert-butyl ether. Separation of SV, SVA and IS was achieved on a shim-pack VP-ODS column (150 × 2.0 mm, 5 μm) with a binary gradient solvent system of 0.1% formic acid in water and methanol (15:85, v/v) as the mobile phase. The method was validated over the range of 0.25-500 ng/mL for SV (r2 ≥ 0.9923) and 0.24-481.23 ng/mL for SVA (r2 ≥ 0.9987). The results of method validation for accuracy, precision, extraction recovery, matrix effect and stability were within the acceptance criteria. The value of absolute bioavailability of SV and SVA in beagles was 2.97% and 25.40%, respectively. It is the first study developed for the measurement of absolute bioavailability of simvastatin and simvastatin acid in beagles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Consistency Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian He
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Consistency Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Consistency Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zunjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wang J, Li X. Impact of statin use on the risk and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 33:1603-1609. [PMID: 33405428 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000002040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have demonstrated that statin use might be associated with a reduced risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the value of statin on the prognosis still needs to be evaluated. Based on the above considerations, we conducted a meta-analysis regarding the value of statin on the prevention and prognosis of HCC. METHODS Articles regarding the impact of statin use on the risk, prognosis of HCC and published before October 2020 were searched in the five databases. We computed odds ratio (OR)/relative risk (RR) or hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) regarding the association between statin use and the risk or prognosis of HCC by using STATA 12.0 software. RESULTS Twenty-six studies (including 1772 463 participants) detected the association between statin use and risk of HCC. Additionally, seven studies (including 8925 statin users and 76 487 no-statin users) explored the association between statin use and mortality of HCC. The meta-analysis showed that statin use was associated with lower risk and all-cause mortality of HCC with random effects models (risk: OR/RR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.49-0.65, I2 = 86.0%, P < 0.0001; all-cause mortality: HR = 0.80, 95% CI 0.68-0.94, I2 = 77.6%, P < 0.0001). However, statin use was not associated with cancer-specific mortality of HCC with a random effects model (HR = 0.80, 95% CI 0.62-1.03, I2 = 73.9%, P = 0.002). CONCLUSION In conclusion, our results have demonstrated the salutary effect of statin on the prevention and prognosis of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Baoshan Branch of Shanghai Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
A Novel Monoclonal Antibody Targeting Cancer-Specific Plectin Has Potent Antitumor Activity in Ovarian Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092218. [PMID: 34571866 PMCID: PMC8466582 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-specific plectin (CSP) is a pro-tumorigenic protein selectively expressed on the cell surface of major cancers, including ovarian cancer (OC). Despite its assessable localization, abundance, and functional significance, the therapeutic efficacy of targeting CSP remains unexplored. Here, we generated and investigated the anticancer effects of a novel CSP-targeting monoclonal antibody, 1H11, in OC models. Its therapeutic efficacy as a monotherapy and in combination with chemotherapy was evaluated in vitro using two OC cell lines and in vivo by a subcutaneous ovarian cancer model. 1H11 demonstrated rapid internalization and high affinity and specificity for both human and murine CSP. Moreover, 1H11 induced significant and selective cytotoxicity (EC50 = 260 nM), G0/G1 arrest, and decreased OC cell migration. Mechanistically, these results are associated with increased ROS levels and reduced activation of the JAK2-STAT3 pathway. In vivo, 1H11 decreased Ki67 expression, induced 65% tumor growth inhibition, and resulted in 30% tumor necrosis. Moreover, 1H11 increased chemosensitivity to cisplatin resulting in 60% greater tumor growth inhibition compared to cisplatin alone. Taken together, CSP-targeting with 1H11 exhibits potent anticancer activity against ovarian cancer and is deserving of future clinical development.
Collapse
|
40
|
Afshari AR, Mollazadeh H, Henney NC, Jamialahmad T, Sahebkar A. Effects of statins on brain tumors: a review. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 73:116-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
41
|
Voss L, Guttek K, Reddig A, Reinhold A, Voss M, Simeoni L, Schraven B, Reinhold D. Pitavastatin Is a Highly Potent Inhibitor of T-Cell Proliferation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14080727. [PMID: 34451823 PMCID: PMC8399298 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Repositioning of approved drugs is an alternative time- and cost-saving strategy to classical drug development. Statins are 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG CoA) reductase inhibitors that are usually used as cholesterol-lowering medication, and they also exhibit anti-inflammatory effects. In the present study, we observed that the addition of Pitavastatin at nanomolar concentrations inhibits the proliferation of CD3/CD28 antibody-stimulated human T cells of healthy donors in a dose-dependent fashion. The 50% inhibition of proliferation (IC50) were 3.6 and 48.5 nM for freshly stimulated and pre-activated T cells, respectively. In addition, Pitavastatin suppressed the IL-10 and IL-17 production of stimulated T cells. Mechanistically, we found that treatment of T cells with doses <1 µM of Pitavastatin induced hyperphosphorylation of ERK1/2, and activation of caspase-9, -3 and -7, thus leading to apoptosis. Mevalonic acid, cholesterol and the MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126 reversed this Pitavastatin-mediated ERK1/2 activation and apoptosis of T cells. In summary, our results suggest that Pitavastatin is a highly potent inhibitor of T-cell proliferation, which induces apoptosis via pro-apoptotic ERK1/2 activation, thus representing a potential repositioning candidate for the treatment of T-cell-mediated autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Voss
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (L.V.); (K.G.); (A.R.); (A.R.); (M.V.); (L.S.); (B.S.)
| | - Karina Guttek
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (L.V.); (K.G.); (A.R.); (A.R.); (M.V.); (L.S.); (B.S.)
| | - Annika Reddig
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (L.V.); (K.G.); (A.R.); (A.R.); (M.V.); (L.S.); (B.S.)
| | - Annegret Reinhold
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (L.V.); (K.G.); (A.R.); (A.R.); (M.V.); (L.S.); (B.S.)
- Health Campus Immunology, Infection and Inflammation (GC-I3), Medical Fakulty, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martin Voss
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (L.V.); (K.G.); (A.R.); (A.R.); (M.V.); (L.S.); (B.S.)
| | - Luca Simeoni
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (L.V.); (K.G.); (A.R.); (A.R.); (M.V.); (L.S.); (B.S.)
- Health Campus Immunology, Infection and Inflammation (GC-I3), Medical Fakulty, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Burkhart Schraven
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (L.V.); (K.G.); (A.R.); (A.R.); (M.V.); (L.S.); (B.S.)
- Health Campus Immunology, Infection and Inflammation (GC-I3), Medical Fakulty, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Reinhold
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (L.V.); (K.G.); (A.R.); (A.R.); (M.V.); (L.S.); (B.S.)
- Health Campus Immunology, Infection and Inflammation (GC-I3), Medical Fakulty, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-391-6715857
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Jiang W, Hu JW, He XR, Jin WL, He XY. Statins: a repurposed drug to fight cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:241. [PMID: 34303383 PMCID: PMC8306262 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As competitive HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) inhibitors, statins not only reduce cholesterol and improve cardiovascular risk, but also exhibit pleiotropic effects that are independent of their lipid-lowering effects. Among them, the anti-cancer properties of statins have attracted much attention and indicated the potential of statins as repurposed drugs for the treatment of cancer. A large number of clinical and epidemiological studies have described the anticancer properties of statins, but the evidence for anticancer effectiveness of statins is inconsistent. It may be that certain molecular subtypes of cancer are more vulnerable to statin therapy than others. Whether statins have clinical anticancer effects is still an active area of research. Statins appear to enhance the efficacy and address the shortcomings associated with conventional cancer treatments, suggesting that statins should be considered in the context of combined therapies for cancer. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the potential of statins in anti-cancer treatments. We discuss the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying the anti-cancer properties of statins and their effects on different malignancies. We also provide recommendations for the design of future well-designed clinical trials of the anti-cancer efficacy of statins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Wei Hu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, P. R. China
| | - Xu-Ran He
- Department of Finance, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, 230001, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Lin Jin
- Institute of Cancer Neuroscience, Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Xin-Yang He
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, 230001, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Okubo K, Miyai K, Kato K, Asano T, Sato A. Simvastatin-romidepsin combination kills bladder cancer cells synergistically. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101154. [PMID: 34144348 PMCID: PMC8220249 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simvastatin-romidepsin combination kills bladder cancer cells synergistically. The combination induces histone acetylation by activating AMPK. AMPK activation and histone acetylation are associated with ER stress induction. Positive feedback cycle between ER stress induction and PPARγ expression.
The HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor simvastatin activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and thereby induces histone acetylation. We postulated that combining simvastatin with the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor romidepsin would kill bladder cancer cells by inducing histone acetylation cooperatively. The combination of romidepsin and simvastatin induced robust apoptosis and killed bladder cancer cells synergistically. In murine subcutaneous tumor models using MBT-2 cells, a 15-day treatment with 0.5 mg/kg romidepsin and 15 mg/kg simvastatin was well tolerated and inhibited tumor growth significantly. Mechanistically, the combination induced histone acetylation by activating AMPK. The combination also decreased the expression of HDACs, thus further promoting histone acetylation. This AMPK activation was essential for the combination's action because compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, suppressed the combination-induced histone acetylation and the combination's ability to induce apoptosis. We also found that the combination increased the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ, leading to reactive oxygen species production. Furthermore, the combination induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and this ER stress was shown to be associated with increased AMPK expression and histone acetylation, thus playing an important role in the combination's action. Our study also suggests there is a positive feedback cycle between ER stress induction and PPARγ expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Okubo
- Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Kosuke Miyai
- Department of Basic Pathology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Kimi Kato
- Department of Basic Pathology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Takako Asano
- Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Akinori Sato
- Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Dehnavi S, Kiani A, Sadeghi M, Biregani AF, Banach M, Atkin SL, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Targeting AMPK by Statins: A Potential Therapeutic Approach. Drugs 2021; 81:923-933. [PMID: 33939118 PMCID: PMC8144155 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-021-01510-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Statins are a group of lipid-lowering drugs that inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis and have anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and immunomodulatory properties. Several lines of evidence indicate that statins regulate multiple proteins associated with the regulation of differing cellular pathways. The 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway plays an important role in metabolism homeostasis with effects on cellular processes including apoptosis and the inflammatory responses through several pathways. Recently, it has been shown that statins can affect the AMPK pathway in differing physiological and pathological ways, resulting in anti-cancer, cardio-protective, neuro-protective, and anti-tubercular effects; additionally, they have therapeutic effects on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and diabetes mellitus-associated complications. Statins activate AMPK as an energy sensor that inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in cancer cells, whilst exerting its cardio-protective effects through inhibition of inflammation and fibrosis, and promotion of angiogenesis. Furthermore, statin-associated AMPK activation leads to decreased lipid accumulation and decreased amyloid beta deposition in the liver and brain, respectively, and may have therapeutic effects on the liver and neurons. In this review, we summarize the results of studies of AMPK-associated therapeutic effects of statins in different pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Dehnavi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Kiani
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mahvash Sadeghi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Farhadi Biregani
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Razavi Khorasan Province, Daneshgah Street, 9177948564, Mashhad, Iran.
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Santarelli R, Pompili C, Gilardini Montani MS, Romeo MA, Gonnella R, D'Orazi G, Cirone M. Lovastatin reduces PEL cell survival by phosphorylating ERK1/2 that blocks the autophagic flux and engages a cross-talk with p53 to activate p21. IUBMB Life 2021; 73:968-977. [PMID: 33987937 PMCID: PMC8361952 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Statins are inhibitors of the mevalonate pathway that besides being cholesterol lowering agents, display anti‐cancer properties. This is because cholesterol is an essential component of cell membranes but also because the mevalonate pathway controls protein farnesylation and geranylation, processes essential for the activity of GTPase family proteins. In this study, we found that Lovastatin exerted a dose‐ and time‐dependent cytotoxic effect against PEL cells, an aggressive B cell lymphoma strictly associated with the gammaherpesvirus KSHV and characterized by a poor response to conventional chemotherapies. At molecular level, Lovastatin by dephosphorylating STAT3, induced ERK1/2 activation that inhibited autophagy and phosphorylated p53ser15 that in turn maintained ERK1/2 activated and up‐regulated p21. However, p21 played a pro‐survival role in this setting, as its inhibition by UC2288 further reduced cell survival in PEL cells undergoing Lovastatin treatment. In conclusion, this study suggests that Lovastatin may represent a valid therapeutic alternative against PEL cells, especially if used in combination with p21 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Santarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Pompili
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Saveria Gilardini Montani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Anele Romeo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Gonnella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella D'Orazi
- Translational Research Area, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.,Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Mara Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Farahani N, Mohagheghi F, Mosayebi G, Ghazavi A, Ganji A. Reduced IL-37 gene expression and CD8 T lymphocytes in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Breast Dis 2021; 40:235-240. [PMID: 34024810 DOI: 10.3233/bd-201055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND However, the exact immunopathological mechanisms in the progression of breast cancer are not clearly understood, various factors including CD8 T lymphocytes have lethal properties on tumor cells. On the other hand, interleukin-37 (IL-37), as a new member of the IL-1 family, is an anti-inflammatory cytokine; however, the exact role of IL-37 in breast cancer has not yet been determined. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the CD8 T lymphocytes count and IL-37 gene expression in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients with and without metastasis. METHODS In this study, blood samples from 36 metastatic and 36 non-metastatic breast cancer patients and 36 healthy individuals as control were collected. After RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, the relative gene expression was performed using real-time PCR. Also, counting the CD8 T lymphocytes was done by flow cytometry technique. RESULTS The results of this study showed that the gene expression of IL-37 in blood samples of metastatic and non-metastatic breast cancer patients was significantly lower than in healthy individuals (P < 0.05). The relative gene expression of the IL-37 in ER+/PR+/HER2+ patients with non-metastatic breast cancer had a significant increase compared to HER2+ patients (P < 0.05). Also, CD8 T lymphocytes count in the samples of patients including non-metastatic and metastatic breast cancer was significantly decreased compared to the healthy individuals (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide evidence that IL-37 gene expression and CD8 T lymphocytes count, significantly decreased in non-metastatic and metastatic breast cancer. Considering the possible effects of IL-37 on TCD8 cells in tumor immune responses, more research will be done to benefit from the therapeutic effects of this cytokine in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Farahani
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Fathollah Mohagheghi
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Ghasem Mosayebi
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.,Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Ali Ghazavi
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.,Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center (TCMRC), Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Ali Ganji
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.,Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Chou X, Ma K, Shen Y, Min Z, Wu Q, Sun D. Dual role of inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE-1α) in Cd-induced apoptosis in human renal tubular epithelial cells: Endoplasmic reticulum stress and STAT3 signaling activation. Toxicology 2021; 456:152769. [PMID: 33813002 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a nephrotoxicant that primarily damages renal proximal tubular cells. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is mechanistically linked to Cd-induced renal injury. Inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE-1α) is the most conserved ER stress transducer protein, which has both kinase and endonuclease activities. This study aimed to investigate whether the two enzymatic activities of IRE-1α have different effects in its regulation of Cd-induced apoptosis. Human proximal tubular (HK-2) cells were treated with 20 μM CdCl2 for 0-24 h, and mice were fed with Cd-containing drinking water (100-400 mg/L) for 24 weeks. We found that Cd increased cell apoptosis in HK-2 cells and mouse kidneys in a time-dependent manner. Such cytotoxicity was correlated with activation of ER stress, evidenced by upregulation of IRE-1α and its target protein spliced X-box binding protein-1 (XBP-1 s). Interestingly, inhibition of IRE-1α kinase activity by KIRA6 was more protective against Cd-induced apoptosis than inhibition of its RNase activity by STF-083010. Mechanistically, Cd promoted the binding of IRE-1α with signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) leading to elevated phosphorylation of STAT3 at Ser727 and thus inactivation of STAT3 signaling, which resulted in aggravation of Cd-induced apoptosis in HK-2 cells. Collectively, our findings indicate that IRE-1α coordinate ER stress and STAT3 signaling in mediating Cd-induced renal toxicity, suggesting that targeting IRE-1α might be a potential therapeutic approach for Cd-induced renal dysfunction and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chou
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Affiliated Tongji University, 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China; School of Public Health, Fudan University, 130 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Kunpeng Ma
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Affiliated Tongji University, 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yue Shen
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Affiliated Tongji University, 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhen Min
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Affiliated Tongji University, 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Qing Wu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, 130 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Daoyuan Sun
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Affiliated Tongji University, 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Malviya R, Raj S, Fuloria S, Subramaniyan V, Sathasivam K, Kumari U, Unnikrishnan Meenakshi D, Porwal O, Hari Kumar D, Singh A, Chakravarthi S, Kumar Fuloria N. Evaluation of Antitumor Efficacy of Chitosan-Tamarind Gum Polysaccharide Polyelectrolyte Complex Stabilized Nanoparticles of Simvastatin. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:2533-2553. [PMID: 33824590 PMCID: PMC8018389 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s300991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study was intended to fabricate chitosan (Ch)-tamarind gum polysaccharide (TGP) polyelectrolyte complex stabilized cubic nanoparticles of simvastatin and evaluate their potential against human breast cancer cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antisolvent precipitation method was used for formulation of nanoparticles. Factorial design (32) was utilized as a tool to analyze the effect of Ch and TGP concentration on particle size and entrapment efficiency of nanoparticles. RESULTS Formulated nanoparticles showed high entrapment efficiency (67.19±0.42-83.36±0.23%) and small size (53.3-383.1 nm). The present investigation involved utilization of two biological membranes (egg and tomato) as biological barriers for drug release. The study revealed that drug release from tomato membranes was retarded (as compared to egg membranes) but the release pattern matched that of egg membranes. All formulations followed the Baker-Lansdale model of drug release irrespective of the two different biological barriers. Stability studies were carried out for 45 days and exhibited less variation in particle size as well as a reduction in entrapment efficiency. Simvastatin loaded PEC stabilized nanoparticles exhibited better control on growth of human breast cancer cell lines than simple simvastatin. An unusual anticancer effect of simvastatin nanoparticles is also supported by several other research studies. CONCLUSION The present study involves first-time synthesis of Ch-TGP polyelectrolyte complex stabilized nanoparticles of simvastatin against MCF-7 cells. It recommends that, in future, theoretical modeling and IVIVC should be carried out for perfect designing of delivery systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rishabha Malviya
- Department of Pharmacy, SMAS, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, U.P., India
| | - Shakshi Raj
- Department of Pharmacy, SMAS, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, U.P., India
| | - Shivkanya Fuloria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Kedah, 08100, Malaysia
| | - Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Kuala Lumpur, 42610, Malaysia
| | - Kathiresan Sathasivam
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Science, AIMST University, Kedah, 08100, Malaysia
| | - Usha Kumari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, AIMST University, Kedah, 08100, Malaysia
| | | | - Omji Porwal
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Erbil, 44001, KRG, Iraq
| | - Darnal Hari Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Johor Bahru, 80200, Malaysia
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, SMAS, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, U.P., India
| | - Srikumar Chakravarthi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Kuala Lumpur, 42610, Malaysia
| | - Neeraj Kumar Fuloria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Kedah, 08100, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Statin use and the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:222339. [PMID: 32162652 PMCID: PMC7133516 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20200232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Association between statin use and prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unknown. We performed a meta-analysis of follow-up studies to systematically evaluate the influence of statin use on clinical outcome in HCC patients. Methods: Studies were obtained via systematic search of PubMed, Cochrane’s Library, and Embase databases. A randomized-effect model was used to pool the results. Subgroup analyses were performed to evaluate the influence of study characteristics on the association. Results: Nine retrospective cohort studies were included. Overall, statin use was associated with a reduced all-cause mortality in HCC patients (risk ratio [RR]: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.74–0.88, P < 0.001; I2 = 63%). Subgroup analyses showed similar results for patients with stage I-III HCC (RR: 0.83, 0.79, and 0.90 respectively, P all < 0.01) and patients after palliative therapy for HCC (RR: 0.80, P < 0.001), but not for patents with stage IV HCC (RR: 0.91, P = 0.28) or those after curative therapy (RR: 0.92, P = 0.20). However, the different between subgroups were not significant (both P > 0.05). Moreover, statin use was associated with reduced HCC-related mortality (RR: 0.78, P = 0.001) in overall patient population and HCC recurrence in patients after curative therapies (RR: 0.55, P < 0.001). Conclusions: Satin use is associated with reduced mortality and recurrence of HCC. These results should be validated in prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials.
Collapse
|
50
|
Guerra B, Recio C, Aranda-Tavío H, Guerra-Rodríguez M, García-Castellano JM, Fernández-Pérez L. The Mevalonate Pathway, a Metabolic Target in Cancer Therapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:626971. [PMID: 33718197 PMCID: PMC7947625 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.626971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of cancer cells includes a metabolic reprograming that provides energy, the essential building blocks, and signaling required to maintain survival, rapid growth, metastasis, and drug resistance of many cancers. The influence of tumor microenviroment on cancer cells also results an essential driving force for cancer progression and drug resistance. Lipid-related enzymes, lipid-derived metabolites and/or signaling pathways linked to critical regulators of lipid metabolism can influence gene expression and chromatin remodeling, cellular differentiation, stress response pathways, or tumor microenviroment, and, collectively, drive tumor development. Reprograming of lipid metabolism includes a deregulated activity of mevalonate (MVA)/cholesterol biosynthetic pathway in specific cancer cells which, in comparison with normal cell counterparts, are dependent of the continuous availability of MVA/cholesterol-derived metabolites (i.e., sterols and non-sterol intermediates) for tumor development. Accordingly, there are increasing amount of data, from preclinical and epidemiological studies, that support an inverse association between the use of statins, potent inhibitors of MVA biosynthetic pathway, and mortality rate in specific cancers (e.g., colon, prostate, liver, breast, hematological malignances). In contrast, despite the tolerance and therapeutic efficacy shown by statins in cardiovascular disease, cancer treatment demands the use of relatively high doses of single statins for a prolonged period, thereby limiting this therapeutic strategy due to adverse effects. Clinically relevant, synergistic effects of tolerable doses of statins with conventional chemotherapy might enhance efficacy with lower doses of each drug and, probably, reduce adverse effects and resistance. In spite of that, clinical trials to identify combinatory therapies that improve therapeutic window are still a challenge. In the present review, we revisit molecular evidences showing that deregulated activity of MVA biosynthetic pathway has an essential role in oncogenesis and drug resistance, and the potential use of MVA pathway inhibitors to improve therapeutic window in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Borja Guerra
- Molecular and Translational Pharmacology Lab, Institute for Biomedical and Health Research (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Carlota Recio
- Molecular and Translational Pharmacology Lab, Institute for Biomedical and Health Research (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Haidée Aranda-Tavío
- Molecular and Translational Pharmacology Lab, Institute for Biomedical and Health Research (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Miguel Guerra-Rodríguez
- Molecular and Translational Pharmacology Lab, Institute for Biomedical and Health Research (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - José M García-Castellano
- Molecular and Translational Pharmacology Lab, Institute for Biomedical and Health Research (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Leandro Fernández-Pérez
- Molecular and Translational Pharmacology Lab, Institute for Biomedical and Health Research (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| |
Collapse
|