1
|
Wang X, Chen S, Wen F, Zeng Y, Zhang Y. RNA helicase DHX33 regulates HMGB family genes in human cancer cells. Cell Signal 2023; 110:110832. [PMID: 37543097 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
RNA helicase DHX33 has been shown to be aberrantly expressed in various human cancers, however, its role in tumorigenesis remains incompletely understood. In this report, we uncovered that a family of DNA architecture proteins, HMGBs, can be regulated by DHX33 in cancer cells but not in normal cells. Specifically, DHX33 knockdown caused the downregulation of HMGBs at the levels of both gene transcription and protein expression. Notably, in RAS driven lung tumorigenesis, nuclear HMGBs proteins can be induced via DHX33. When DHX33 was knocked out, HMGBs overexpression was debilitated. Mechanistically, DHX33 was found to bind to the promoters of HMGB family genes and regulated their transcription through demethylation on gene promoters. Our study reveals a novel mechanism for DHX33 to promote tumorigenesis and highlights its therapeutic value in human cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingshun Wang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, Yunnan 653199, China
| | - Shiyun Chen
- Shenzhen KeYe Life Technologies, Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518122, China; Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fuyu Wen
- Shenzhen KeYe Life Technologies, Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518122, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, Yunnan 653199, China.
| | - Yandong Zhang
- Shenzhen KeYe Life Technologies, Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518122, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen K, Liu S, Lu C, Gu X. A prognostic and therapeutic hallmark developed by the integrated profile of basement membrane and immune infiltrative landscape in lung adenocarcinoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1058493. [PMID: 36532024 PMCID: PMC9748099 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1058493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Basement membranes (BMs) are specialised extracellular matrices that maintain cellular integrity and resist the breaching of carcinoma cells for metastases while regulating tumour immunity. The tumour immune microenvironment (TME) is essential for tumour growth and the response to and benefits from immunotherapy. In this study, the BM score and TME score were constructed based on the expression signatures of BM-related genes and the presence of immune cells in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), respectively. Subsequently, the BM-TME classifier was developed with the combination of BM score and TME score for accurate prognostic prediction. Further, Kaplan-Meier survival estimation, univariate Cox regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic curves were used to cross-validate and elucidate the prognostic prediction value of the BM-TME classifier in several cohorts. Findings from functional annotation analysis suggested that the potential molecular regulatory mechanisms of the BM-TME classifier were closely related to the cell cycle, mitosis and DNA replication pathways. Additionally, the guiding value of the treatment strategy of the BM-TME classifier for LUAD was determined. Future clinical disease management may benefit from the findings of our research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaijie Chen
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Changlian Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Xuefeng Gu, ; Changlian Lu,
| | - Xuefeng Gu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Xuefeng Gu, ; Changlian Lu,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sun Y, Zhou Q, Sun J, Bi W, Li R, Wu X, Li N, Song L, Yang F, Yu Y. DDX59-AS1 is a prognostic biomarker and correlated with immune infiltrates in OSCC. Front Genet 2022; 13:892727. [PMID: 36081993 PMCID: PMC9447487 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.892727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: lncRNAs play a critical role in multiple steps of gene regulation associated with tumor progression. However, the engagement of DDX59-AS1, a lncRNA, remains equivocal, particularly in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In this study, the expression of DDX59-AS1 and its association with immune infiltration were investigated, and its prognostic value in OSSC was evaluated. Methods: OSCC patients were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The expression of DDX59-AS1 in OSCC and healthy tissue was compared using Wilcoxon rank sum test. The relationship between DDX59-AS1 and clinicopathological features was analyzed using Logistic regression. Gene ontology (GO) terminology analysis, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and single sample GSEA (ssGSEA) were utilized to interpret the enrichment pathway and functionality and to quantify the immune cell infiltration of DDX59-AS1. The correlation between survival and DDA59-AS1 was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression. The prognostic impact of DDX59-AS1 was predicted by the nomogram based on Cox multivariate analysis. Results: High expression of DDX59-AS1 was significantly correlated with T stage, clinical stage, race, and age (p < 0.05). Multivariate survival analysis demonstrated that the high expression of DDX59-AS1 was associated with lower overall and specific survival rates. The prognosis prediction was validated by the nomogram and calibration curves. The expression of DDX59-AS1 was negatively correlated with Mast cells, Tfh, T cells, Treg, and B cells, and positively related with the Tgd infiltration level. Conclusion: DDX59-AS1 played a crucial role in the progression and prognosis of OSCC and was potentially a predictive biomarker for OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fei Yang
- *Correspondence: Fei Yang, ; Youcheng Yu,
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hu KQ, Ao XS. Long non-coding RNA DLGAP1 antisense RNA 1 accelerates glioma progression via the microRNA-628-5p/DEAD-box helicase 59 pathway. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2022; 77:100002. [PMID: 35113786 PMCID: PMC8903805 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2021.100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Abnormal expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) plays a prominent role in glioma progression. However, the biological function and mechanism of lncRNA DLGAP1 antisense RNA 1 (DLGAP1-AS1) in gliomas are still unknown. METHODS The authors assessed DLGAP1-AS1 and miR-628-5p expression in glioma tissues and cell lines using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and evaluated their effects on glioma cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay, Transwell assay, and western blot, respectively. The expression of DEAD-box helicase 59 (DDX59) was quantified using western blotting, and a dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was performed to detect the interaction between DLGAP1-AS1 and miR-628-5p. RESULTS The authors observed increased DLGAP1-AS1 expression in glioma tissues and cell lines with higher WHO grades and shorter survival time. DLGAP1-AS1 promoted the proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT of glioma cells, while miR-628-5p counteracted these effects. The authors identified DLGAP1-AS1 as a molecular sponge of miR-628-5p in glioma cells as the biological functions of DLGAP1-AS1 are partially mediated via miR-628-5p. In addition, DLGAP1-AS1 upregulated DDX59 expression by inhibiting miR-628-5p expression. CONCLUSION The DLGAP1-AS1/miR-628-5p/DDX59 axis regulates glioma progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Qi Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, China
| | - Xiang-Sheng Ao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hu B, Liu D, Liu Y, Li Z. DNA Repair-Based Gene Expression Signature and Distinct Molecular Subtypes for Prediction of Clinical Outcomes in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:615981. [PMID: 33330576 PMCID: PMC7729081 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.615981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To conduct a robust prognostic gene expression signature and characterize molecular subtypes with distinct clinical characteristics for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Methods: Based on DNA repair genes from the GSEA database, a prognostic signature was conducted in the TCGA-LUAD training set via univariate and multivariate cox regression analysis. Its prediction power was validated by overall survival analysis, relative operating characteristic (ROC) curves and stratification analysis in the GSE72094 verification set. Involved pathways in the high- and low-risk groups were analyzed by GSEA. A nomogram was built based on the signature and clinical features and its performance was assessed by calibration plots. LUAD samples were clustered via the ConsensusClusterPlus package. The differences in clinical outcomes, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs between molecular subtypes were analyzed. Results: A 13-DNA repair gene-signature was constructed for LUAD prognosis. Following validation, it can robustly and independently predict patients' clinical outcomes. The GSEA results exhibited the differences in pathways between high- and low- risk groups. A nomogram combining the signature and stage could accurately predict 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival probability. Two distinct molecular subtypes were characterized based on DNA repair genes. Patients in the Cluster 2 exhibited a worse prognosis and were more sensitive to common chemotherapy than those in the Cluster 1. Conclusion:This study proposed a 13-DNA repair gene-signature as a prognostic factor for LUAD patients, which can independently predict clinical outcomes by complement of the stage. Moreover, we characterized two LUAD subtypes with distinct clinical outcomes, somatic gene mutations, and drug sensitivity in cancer based on DNA repair genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Yinqiang Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhixi Li
- Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Qiu Y, Qu B, Zhen Z, Yuan X, Zhang L, Zhang M. Leucine Promotes Milk Synthesis in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells via the PI3K-DDX59 Signaling. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:8884-8895. [PMID: 31345029 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Leucine is an essential amino acid in the milk production of bovine mammary glands, but the regulatory roles and molecular mechanisms of leucine are still not known well. This study investigated the roles of leucine on milk synthesis and explored the corresponding mechanism in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). Leucine (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, and 1.25 mM) was added to BMECs that were cultured in FBS-free OPTI-MEM medium. Leucine significantly promoted milk protein and milk fat synthesis and also increased phosphorylation of mTOR signaling protein and the protein expression levels of SREBP-1c, with the most significant effects at 0.75 mM concentration. Leucine increased the expression and nuclear localization of DDX59, and loss and gain of gene function experiments further reveal that DDX59 mediates the stimulation of leucine on the mRNA expression variation of mTOR and SREBP-1c genes. PI3K inhibition experiment further detected that leucine upregulated expression of DDX59 and its downstream signaling via PI3K activation. ChIP-qPCR analysis further proved the binding of DDX59 to the promoter regions of mTOR and SREBP-1c. In summary, these data prove that DDX59 positively regulates the mTOR and SREBP-1c signaling pathways leading to synthesis of milk, and leucine regulates these two signaling pathways through the PI3K-DDX59 signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youwen Qiu
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , P. R. China
| | - Bo Qu
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhen
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaohan Yuan
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , P. R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , P. R. China
| | - Minghui Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xie P, Wang Y, Liao Y, Han Q, Qiu Z, Chen Y, Zuo X. MicroRNA-628-5p inhibits cell proliferation in glioma by targeting DDX59. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:17293-17302. [PMID: 31111544 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent study has reported that microRNA-628-5p (miR-628-5p) is involved in the development of epithelial ovarian cancer; however, the mechanisms of miR-628-5p in glioma remain unclear. In this study, we explored the potential biological roles of miR-628-5p in glioma. First, we found that miR-628-5p was decreased in the tissues and cells (U87 and T98) of glioma. Second, overexpressing miR-628-5p reduced the ability of glioma cells' proliferation and induced glioma cells' cycle arrest in G1. Then, we found that miR-628-5p directly bound to the 3'-untranslated region of DDX59 and decreased the protein level of DDX59. The decrease of DDX59 was found to lead to the decrease of p-AKT. Mechanistic studies revealed that restoring the expression of DDX59 alleviated miR-628-5p-induced inhibition of proliferation of glioma. These findings suggest that the miR-628-5p/DDX59 axis has a key role in the development of glioma, and miR-628-5p might be a new therapeutic target against glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Medicine Laboratory, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanmei Liao
- Department of Medical Technology, Gannan Healthcare Vocational College, Ganzhou, China
| | - Qiu Han
- Department of Neurology, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Zhichao Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yinbing Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Affiliated Haian Hospital of Nantong University, Haian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaohua Zuo
- Department of Pain Management, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Nanjing Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xie XP, Xie YF, Liu YT, Wang HQ. Adaptively capturing the heterogeneity of expression for cancer biomarker identification. BMC Bioinformatics 2018; 19:401. [PMID: 30390627 PMCID: PMC6215657 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-018-2437-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Identifying cancer biomarkers from transcriptomics data is of importance to cancer research. However, transcriptomics data are often complex and heterogeneous, which complicates the identification of cancer biomarkers in practice. Currently, the heterogeneity still remains a challenge for detecting subtle but consistent changes of gene expression in cancer cells. Results In this paper, we propose to adaptively capture the heterogeneity of expression across samples in a gene regulation space instead of in a gene expression space. Specifically, we transform gene expression profiles into gene regulation profiles and mathematically formulate gene regulation probabilities (GRPs)-based statistics for characterizing differential expression of genes between tumor and normal tissues. Finally, an unbiased estimator (aGRP) of GRPs is devised that can interrogate and adaptively capture the heterogeneity of gene expression. We also derived an asymptotical significance analysis procedure for the new statistic. Since no parameter needs to be preset, aGRP is easy and friendly to use for researchers without computer programming background. We evaluated the proposed method on both simulated data and real-world data and compared with previous methods. Experimental results demonstrated the superior performance of the proposed method in exploring the heterogeneity of expression for capturing subtle but consistent alterations of gene expression in cancer. Conclusions Expression heterogeneity largely influences the performance of cancer biomarker identification from transcriptomics data. Models are needed that efficiently deal with the expression heterogeneity. The proposed method can be a standalone tool due to its capacity of adaptively capturing the sample heterogeneity and the simplicity in use. Software availability The source code of aGRP can be downloaded from https://github.com/hqwang126/aGRP. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12859-018-2437-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ping Xie
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Yu-Feng Xie
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China.,Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, CAS, 350 Shushanhu Road, P.O.Box 1130, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China.,Present Address: School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710100, China
| | - Yi-Tong Liu
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China.,Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, CAS, 350 Shushanhu Road, P.O.Box 1130, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Hong-Qiang Wang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, CAS, 350 Shushanhu Road, P.O.Box 1130, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
#2714, a novel active inhibitor with potent G2/M phase arrest and antitumor efficacy in preclinical models. Cell Death Discov 2018. [PMID: 29531821 PMCID: PMC5841443 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-018-0032-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Arresting cell cycle has been one of the most common approaches worldwide in cancer therapy. Specifically, arresting cells in the G2/M phase is a promising therapeutic approach in the battle against lung cancer. In the present study, we demonstrated the anticancer activities and possible mechanism of compound #2714, which can prompt G2/M phase arrest followed by cell apoptosis induction in Lewis lung carcinoma LL/2 cells. In vitro, #2714 significantly inhibited LL/2 cell viability in a concentration- and time-dependent manner while exhibiting few toxicities on non-cancer cells. The mechanism study showed that cell proliferation inhibition due to the treatment with #2714 correlated with G2/M phase arrest and was followed by LL/2 cell apoptosis. The characterized changes were associated with the downregulation of phosphorylated cell division cycle 25C (Cdc25C) and upregulation of p53. Apoptosis-associated activation of cleaved caspase-3 was also detected. Moreover, #2714 strongly attenuated LL/2 cell proliferation by disrupting the phosphorylation of p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). In vivo, intraperitoneal administration of #2714 (25–100 mg/kg/day) to mice bearing established tumors in xenograft models significantly prevented LL/2 tumor growth (58.1%) without detectable toxicity. Compound #2714 significantly increased apoptosis in LL/2 lung cancer cells in mice models, as observed via terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay, and the data from an immunohistochemical analysis showed that #2714 remarkably inhibited the proliferation and angiogenesis of lung cancer in vivo. Taken together, our data suggest that #2714 has a high potential anti-lung cancer efficacy with a pathway-specific mechanism of G2/M phase arrest and subsequent apoptosis induction both in vitro and in vivo; its potential to be an anticancer candidate warrants further investigation.
Collapse
|
10
|
EGFR and Ras regulate DDX59 during lung cancer development. Gene 2018; 642:95-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
11
|
DEAD-box helicase 6 (DDX6) is a new negative regulator for milk synthesis and proliferation of bovine mammary epithelial cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2017; 54:52-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-017-0195-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|