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Girasole M, Dinarelli S, Longo G. Correlating nanoscale motion and ATP production in healthy and favism erythrocytes: a real-time nanomotion sensor study. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1196764. [PMID: 37333637 PMCID: PMC10272347 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1196764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Red blood cells (RBCs) are among the simplest, yet physiologically relevant biological specimens, due to their peculiarities, such as their lack of nucleus and simplified metabolism. Indeed, erythrocytes can be seen as biochemical machines, capable of performing a limited number of metabolic pathways. Along the aging path, the cells' characteristics change as they accumulate oxidative and non-oxidative damages, and their structural and functional properties degrade. Methods In this work, we have studied RBCs and the activation of their ATP-producing metabolism using a real-time nanomotion sensor. This device allowed time-resolved analyses of the activation of this biochemical pathway, measuring the characteristics and the timing of the response at different points of their aging and the differences observed in favism erythrocytes in terms of the cellular reactivity and resilience to aging. Favism is a genetic defect of erythrocytes, which affects their ability to respond to oxidative stresses but that also determines differences in the metabolic and structural characteristic of the cells. Results Our work shows that RBCs from favism patients exhibit a different response to the forced activation of the ATP synthesis compared to healthy cells. In particular, the favism cells, compared to healthy erythrocytes, show a greater resilience to the aging-related insults which was in good accord with the collected biochemical data on ATP consumption and reload. Conclusion This surprisingly higher endurance against cell aging can be addressed to a special mechanism of metabolic regulation that permits lower energy consumption in environmental stress conditions.
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Li H, Wang Y, Li Y, Wang W. Measuring Single Bacterial Viability in Optical Traps with a Power Sweeping Technique. Anal Chem 2022; 94:13921-13926. [PMID: 36166663 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Assessing bacterial viability is crucial in public health, food safety, environmental microbiology, and other relevant fields. The classical agar plate counting method and the popular dye-based assays have shown their strengths, but they also have limitations including high time consumption, relatively complex sample preparations, and cytotoxicity. In this work, we present a new bacterial viability assay based on optical tweezers utilizing a power sweeping strategy. By monitoring and analyzing bacterial nanomotion in optical traps under different trapping laser powers, the slope of the proportionality between the quantified extent of motion and the trapping laser power was defined as the mobility restriction coefficient (MRC) to quantify bacterial viability. We first established a firm correlation between the viability and MRC by measuring alive and dead Escherichia coli and Photobacterium phosphoreum. Then the capability of real-time long-term characterization of the assay was validated by measuring the viability of individual P. phosphoreum while regulating the viability with an inactivation light. Notably, a 'spinning-induced stabilization' mechanism was proposed to explain the surprising increase of apparent bacterial mobility after inactivation. Overall, the assay was proved to be a reliable label-free bacterial viability assay at a single-cell level, which holds potential in antibiotic susceptibility testing, drug screening, and rapid diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yubo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yaohua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Al-madani H, Du H, Yao J, Peng H, Yao C, Jiang B, Wu A, Yang F. Living Sample Viability Measurement Methods from Traditional Assays to Nanomotion. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:453. [PMID: 35884256 PMCID: PMC9313330 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Living sample viability measurement is an extremely common process in medical, pharmaceutical, and biological fields, especially drug pharmacology and toxicology detection. Nowadays, there are a number of chemical, optical, and mechanical methods that have been developed in response to the growing demand for simple, rapid, accurate, and reliable real-time living sample viability assessment. In parallel, the development trend of viability measurement methods (VMMs) has increasingly shifted from traditional assays towards the innovative atomic force microscope (AFM) oscillating sensor method (referred to as nanomotion), which takes advantage of the adhesion of living samples to an oscillating surface. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of the common VMMs, laying emphasis on their benefits and drawbacks, as well as evaluating the potential utility of VMMs. In addition, we discuss the nanomotion technique, focusing on its applications, sample attachment protocols, and result display methods. Furthermore, the challenges and future perspectives on nanomotion are commented on, mainly emphasizing scientific restrictions and development orientations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamzah Al-madani
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, Ningbo 315201, China; (H.A.-m.); (H.D.); (J.Y.); (H.P.); (C.Y.); (B.J.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hui Du
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, Ningbo 315201, China; (H.A.-m.); (H.D.); (J.Y.); (H.P.); (C.Y.); (B.J.)
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junlie Yao
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, Ningbo 315201, China; (H.A.-m.); (H.D.); (J.Y.); (H.P.); (C.Y.); (B.J.)
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hao Peng
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, Ningbo 315201, China; (H.A.-m.); (H.D.); (J.Y.); (H.P.); (C.Y.); (B.J.)
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chenyang Yao
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, Ningbo 315201, China; (H.A.-m.); (H.D.); (J.Y.); (H.P.); (C.Y.); (B.J.)
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, Ningbo 315201, China; (H.A.-m.); (H.D.); (J.Y.); (H.P.); (C.Y.); (B.J.)
| | - Aiguo Wu
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, Ningbo 315201, China; (H.A.-m.); (H.D.); (J.Y.); (H.P.); (C.Y.); (B.J.)
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou 516000, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, Ningbo 315201, China; (H.A.-m.); (H.D.); (J.Y.); (H.P.); (C.Y.); (B.J.)
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou 516000, China
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Rosłoń IE, Japaridze A, Steeneken PG, Dekker C, Alijani F. Probing nanomotion of single bacteria with graphene drums. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:637-642. [PMID: 35437320 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01111-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Motion is a key characteristic of every form of life1. Even at the microscale, it has been reported that colonies of bacteria can generate nanomotion on mechanical cantilevers2, but the origin of these nanoscale vibrations has remained unresolved3,4. Here, we present a new technique using drums made of ultrathin bilayer graphene, where the nanomotion of single bacteria can be measured in its aqueous growth environment. A single Escherichia coli cell is found to generate random oscillations with amplitudes of up to 60 nm, exerting forces of up to 6 nN to its environment. Using mutant strains that differ by single gene deletions that affect motility, we are able to pinpoint the bacterial flagella as the main source of nanomotion. By real-time tracing of changes in nanomotion on administering antibiotics, we demonstrate that graphene drums can perform antibiotic susceptibility testing with single-cell sensitivity. These findings deepen our understanding of processes underlying cellular dynamics, and pave the way towards high-throughput and parallelized rapid screening of the effectiveness of antibiotics in bacterial infections with graphene devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irek E Rosłoń
- Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Cees Dekker
- Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
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Wang Y, Wang F, Chen Z, Song M, Yao X, Jiang G. In situ High-Throughput Single-Cell Analysis Reveals the Crosstalk between Nanoparticle-Induced Cell Responses. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:5136-5142. [PMID: 33760593 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c08424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials are widely used in a variety of industrial, biological, and medical applications. Therefore, high concerns about their possible impact on human and environmental health have been raised. Here, we describe a high-throughput single-cell imaging method to reveal the crosstalk among quantum dot (QDot)-induced ROS generation, apoptosis, and changes in nucleus size in macrophages. In triple marker combinations, we assessed the correlations of three QDot-induced cellular responses via divided subsets based on single-cell analysis. In contrast to the results obtained from the cell population, we demonstrated that the change in nucleus size was positively correlated with ROS generation. We found that QDot exposure induced ROS generation, which led to cell apoptosis, followed by a change in nucleus size. In general, these observations on crosstalk of cellular responses provide detailed insights into the heterogeneity of nanoparticle exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fengbang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zihan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Maoyong Song
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinglei Yao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Scandurra R, Scotto d’Abusco A, Longo G. A Review of the Effect of a Nanostructured Thin Film Formed by Titanium Carbide and Titanium Oxides Clustered around Carbon in Graphitic Form on Osseointegration. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1233. [PMID: 32599955 PMCID: PMC7353133 DOI: 10.3390/nano10061233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Improving the biocompatibility of implants is an extremely important step towards improving their quality. In this review, we recount the technological and biological process for coating implants with thin films enriched in titanium carbide (TiC), which provide improved cell growth and osseointegration. At first, we discuss the use of a Pulsed Laser Ablation Deposition, which produced films with a good biocompatibility, cellular stimulation and osseointegration. We then describe how Ion Plating Plasma Assisted technology could be used to produce a nanostructured layer composed by graphitic carbon, whose biocompatibility is enhanced by titanium oxides and titanium carbide. In both cases, the nanostructured coating was compact and strongly bound to the bulk titanium, thus particularly useful to protect implants from the harsh oxidizing environment of biological tissues. The morphology and chemistry of the nanostructured coating were particularly desirable for osteoblasts, resulting in improved proliferation and differentiation. The cellular adhesion to the TiC-coated substrates was much stronger than to uncoated surfaces, and the number of philopodia and lamellipodia developed by the cells grown on the TiC-coated samples was higher. Finally, tests performed on rabbits confirmed in vivo that the osseointegration process of the TiC-coated implants is more efficient than that of uncoated titanium implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Scandurra
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy;
| | - Anna Scotto d’Abusco
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Longo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 00133 Roma, Italy;
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Venturelli L, Kohler AC, Stupar P, Villalba MI, Kalauzi A, Radotic K, Bertacchi M, Dinarelli S, Girasole M, Pešić M, Banković J, Vela ME, Yantorno O, Willaert R, Dietler G, Longo G, Kasas S. A perspective view on the nanomotion detection of living organisms and its features. J Mol Recognit 2020; 33:e2849. [PMID: 32227521 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The insurgence of newly arising, rapidly developing health threats, such as drug-resistant bacteria and cancers, is one of the most urgent public-health issues of modern times. This menace calls for the development of sensitive and reliable diagnostic tools to monitor the response of single cells to chemical or pharmaceutical stimuli. Recently, it has been demonstrated that all living organisms oscillate at a nanometric scale and that these oscillations stop as soon as the organisms die. These nanometric scale oscillations can be detected by depositing living cells onto a micro-fabricated cantilever and by monitoring its displacements with an atomic force microscope-based electronics. Such devices, named nanomotion sensors, have been employed to determine the resistance profiles of life-threatening bacteria within minutes, to evaluate, among others, the effect of chemicals on yeast, neurons, and cancer cells. The data obtained so far demonstrate the advantages of nanomotion sensing devices in rapidly characterizing microorganism susceptibility to pharmaceutical agents. Here, we review the key aspects of this technique, presenting its major applications. and detailing its working protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Venturelli
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Vivante, Institut de Physique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Céline Kohler
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Vivante, Institut de Physique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Petar Stupar
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Vivante, Institut de Physique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maria I Villalba
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI-CONICET-CCT La Plata), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Aleksandar Kalauzi
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Department of Life Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ksenija Radotic
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Department of Life Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Simone Dinarelli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Struttura della Materia, CNR-ISM, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Girasole
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Struttura della Materia, CNR-ISM, Rome, Italy
| | - Milica Pešić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasna Banković
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maria E Vela
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA-CONICET-CCT La Plata), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Osvaldo Yantorno
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI-CONICET-CCT La Plata), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Ronnie Willaert
- ARG VUB-UGent NanoMicrobiology, IJRG VUB-EPFL BioNanotechnology & NanoMedicine, Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Giovanni Dietler
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Vivante, Institut de Physique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Longo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Struttura della Materia, CNR-ISM, Rome, Italy
| | - Sandor Kasas
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Vivante, Institut de Physique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Centre Universitaire Romand de Médecine Légale, UFAM, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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8
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Vannocci T, Dinarelli S, Girasole M, Pastore A, Longo G. A new tool to determine the cellular metabolic landscape: nanotechnology to the study of Friedreich's ataxia. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19282. [PMID: 31848436 PMCID: PMC6917756 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55799-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the cell response to oxidative stress in disease is an important but difficult task. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of using a nanomotion sensor to study the cellular metabolic landscape. This nanosensor permits the non-invasive real-time detection at the single-cell level and offers high sensitivity and time resolution. We optimised the technique to study the effects of frataxin overexpression in a cellular model of Friedreich's ataxia, a neurodegenerative disease caused by partial silencing of the FXN gene. Previous studies had demonstrated that FXN overexpression are as toxic as silencing, thus indicating the importance of a tight regulation of the frataxin levels. We probed the effects of frataxin overexpression in the presence of oxidative stress insults and measured the metabolic response by the nanosensor. We show that the nanosensor provides new detailed information on the metabolic state of the cell as a function of time, that agrees with and complements data obtained by more traditional techniques. We propose that the nanosensor can be used in the future as a new and powerful tool to study directly how drugs modulate the effects of oxidative stress on Friedreich's ataxia patients and, more in general, on other neurodegenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Vannocci
- UK Dementia Research Institute at King's College London, London, SE5 9RT, United Kingdom
- The Wohl Institute at King's College London, London, SE5 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Simone Dinarelli
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia - CNR, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Girasole
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia - CNR, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Pastore
- UK Dementia Research Institute at King's College London, London, SE5 9RT, United Kingdom.
- The Wohl Institute at King's College London, London, SE5 9RT, United Kingdom.
| | - Giovanni Longo
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia - CNR, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133, Rome, Italy.
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Kohler A, Venturelli L, Longo G, Dietler G, Kasas S. Nanomotion detection based on atomic force microscopy cantilevers. Cell Surf 2019; 5:100021. [PMID: 32743137 PMCID: PMC7388971 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcsw.2019.100021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atomic force microscopes (AFM) or low-noise in-house dedicated devices can highlight nanomotion oscillations. The method consists of attaching the organism of interest onto a silicon-based sensor and following its nano-scale motion as a function of time. The nanometric scale oscillations exerted by biological specimens last as long the organism is viable and reflect the status of the microorganism metabolism upon exposure to different chemical or physical stimuli. During the last couple of years, the nanomotion pattern of several types of bacteria, yeasts and mammalian cells has been determined. This article reviews this technique in details, presents results obtained with dozens of different microorganisms and discusses the potential applications of nanomotion in fundamental research, medical microbiology and space exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.C. Kohler
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Vivante, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L. Venturelli
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Vivante, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - G. Longo
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia ISM-CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - G. Dietler
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Vivante, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S. Kasas
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Vivante, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Unité Facultaire d’Anatomie et de Morphologie, CUMRL, Université de Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
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10
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Single identical cell toxicity assay on coordinately ordered patterns. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1065:56-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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11
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Mustazzolu A, Venturelli L, Dinarelli S, Brown K, Floto RA, Dietler G, Fattorini L, Kasas S, Girasole M, Longo G. A Rapid Unraveling of the Activity and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Mycobacteria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:e02194-18. [PMID: 30602518 PMCID: PMC6395931 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02194-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a worldwide health-related emergency that calls for new tools to study the bacterial metabolism and to obtain fast diagnoses. Indeed, the conventional analysis time scale is too long and affects our ability to fight infections. Slowly growing bacteria represent a bigger challenge, since their analysis may require up to months. Among these bacteria, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, has caused more than 10 million new cases and 1.7 million deaths in 2016 only. We employed a particularly powerful nanomechanical oscillator, the nanomotion sensor, to characterize rapidly and in real time tuberculous and nontuberculous bacterial species, Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin and Mycobacterium abscessus, respectively, exposed to different antibiotics. Here, we show how high-speed and high-sensitivity detectors, the nanomotion sensors, can provide a rapid and reliable analysis of different mycobacterial species, obtaining qualitative and quantitative information on their responses to different drugs. This is the first application of the technique to tackle the urgent medical issue of mycobacterial infections, evaluating the dynamic response of bacteria to different antimicrobial families and the role of the replication rate in the resulting nanomotion pattern. In addition to a fast analysis, which could massively benefit patients and the overall health care system, we investigated the real-time responses of the bacteria to extract unique information on the bacterial mechanisms triggered in response to antibacterial pressure, with consequences both at the clinical level and at the microbiological level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L Venturelli
- LPMV-IPHYS, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Dinarelli
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - K Brown
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - R A Floto
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - G Dietler
- LPMV-IPHYS, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - S Kasas
- LPMV-IPHYS, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Girasole
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - G Longo
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
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Ruggeri FS, Charmet J, Kartanas T, Peter Q, Chia S, Habchi J, Dobson CM, Vendruscolo M, Knowles TPJ. Microfluidic deposition for resolving single-molecule protein architecture and heterogeneity. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3890. [PMID: 30250131 PMCID: PMC6155325 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06345-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Scanning probe microscopy provides a unique window into the morphology, mechanics, and structure of proteins and their complexes on the nanoscale. Such measurements require, however, deposition of samples onto substrates. This process can affect conformations and assembly states of the molecular species under investigation and can bias the molecular populations observed in heterogeneous samples through differential adsorption. Here, we show that these limitations can be overcome with a single-step microfluidic spray deposition platform. This method transfers biological solutions to substrates as microdroplets with subpicoliter volume, drying in milliseconds, a timescale that is shorter than typical diffusion times of proteins on liquid–solid interfaces, thus avoiding surface mass transport and change to the assembly state. Finally, the single-step deposition ensures the attachment of the full molecular content of the sample to the substrate, allowing quantitative measurements of different molecular populations within heterogeneous systems, including protein aggregates. Manual sample deposition on a substrate can introduce artifacts in quantitative AFM measurements. Here the authors present a microfluidic spray device for reliable deposition of subpicoliter droplets which dry out in milliseconds after landing on the surface, thereby avoiding protein self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jerome Charmet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.,WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Tadas Kartanas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Quentin Peter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Sean Chia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Johnny Habchi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Christopher M Dobson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Michele Vendruscolo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Tuomas P J Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK. .,Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.
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Dinarelli S, Girasole M, Longo G. Methods for Atomic Force Microscopy of Biological and Living Specimens. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1814:529-539. [PMID: 29956253 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8591-3_31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Two main precautions must be taken into account to obtain high-resolution morphological and nanomechanical characterization of biological specimens with an atomic force microscope: the tip-sample interaction and the sample-substrate adhesion. In this chapter we discuss the necessary steps for a correct preparation of three types of biological samples: erythrocytes, bacteria, and osteoblasts. The main goal is to deliver reproducible protocols to produce good cellular adhesion and minimizing the morphological alterations of the specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Dinarelli
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia ISM - CNR, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Girasole
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia ISM - CNR, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Longo
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia ISM - CNR, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, Rome, Italy.
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