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Watanabe M, Nishikawaji Y, Kawakami H, Kosai KI. Adenovirus Biology, Recombinant Adenovirus, and Adenovirus Usage in Gene Therapy. Viruses 2021; 13:v13122502. [PMID: 34960772 PMCID: PMC8706629 DOI: 10.3390/v13122502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is currently in the public spotlight. Several gene therapy products, including oncolytic virus (OV), which predominantly replicates in and kills cancer cells, and COVID-19 vaccines have recently been commercialized. Recombinant adenoviruses, including replication-defective adenoviral vector and conditionally replicating adenovirus (CRA; oncolytic adenovirus), have been extensively studied and used in clinical trials for cancer and vaccines. Here, we review the biology of wild-type adenoviruses, the methodological principle for constructing recombinant adenoviruses, therapeutic applications of recombinant adenoviruses, and new technologies in pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-based regenerative medicine. Moreover, this article describes the technology platform for efficient construction of diverse "CRAs that can specifically target tumors with multiple factors" (m-CRAs). This technology allows for modification of four parts in the adenoviral E1 region and the subsequent insertion of a therapeutic gene and promoter to enhance cancer-specific viral replication (i.e., safety) as well as therapeutic effects. The screening study using the m-CRA technology successfully identified survivin-responsive m-CRA (Surv.m-CRA) as among the best m-CRAs, and clinical trials of Surv.m-CRA are underway for patients with cancer. This article also describes new recombinant adenovirus-based technologies for solving issues in PSC-based regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Watanabe
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Yuya Nishikawaji
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kawakami
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Kosai
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
- South Kyushu Center for Innovative Medical Research and Application, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
- Center for Innovative Therapy Research and Application, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Kagoshima University Hospital, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
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Vitamin D as a Primer for Oncolytic Viral Therapy in Colon Cancer Models. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197326. [PMID: 33023064 PMCID: PMC7582493 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viroimmunotherapy is an exciting modality that can offer lasting anti-tumor immunity for aggressive malignancies like colon cancer. The impact of oncolytic viruses may be extended by combining them with agents to prime a tumor for viral susceptibility. This study investigates vitamin D analogue as an adjunct to oncolytic viral therapy for colon cancer. While vitamin D (VD) has historically been viewed as anti-viral, our in vitro investigations using human colon cancer cell lines showed that VD does not directly inhibit replication of recombinant chimeric poxvirus CF33. VD did restrict growth in HT29 but not HCT116 human colon cancer cells. In vivo investigations using HCT116 and HT29 xenograft models of colon cancer demonstrated that a VD analogue, calcipotriol, was additive with CF33-based viral therapy in VD-responsive HT29 but not in HCT116 tumors. Analyses of RNA-sequencing and gene expression data demonstrated a downregulation in the Jak-STAT signaling pathway with the addition of VD to viral therapy in HT29 models suggesting that the anti-inflammatory properties of VD may enhance the effects of viral therapy in some models. In conclusion, VD may prime oncolytic viral therapy in certain colon cancers.
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Suzuki S, Kofune H, Uozumi K, Yoshimitsu M, Arima N, Ishitsuka K, Ueno SI, Kosai KI. A survivin-responsive, conditionally replicating adenovirus induces potent cytocidal effects in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:516. [PMID: 31142289 PMCID: PMC6542078 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5730-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is a peripheral T-cell malignancy caused by long-term human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-1) infection. Survivin-responsive, conditionally replicating adenoviruses regulated by multiple tumor-specific factors (Surv.m-CRAs), in which the expression of the adenoviral early region 1A gene is regulated by the survivin (BIRC5) promoter, can be used to treat several cancers. As survivin is overexpressed in ATL, we examined the effects of Surv.m-CRAs on ATL-selective replication and survival. Methods We tested two ATL cell lines and four HTLV-1-infected T-cell lines. The cells were subjected to infection with either E1-deleted, replication-defective adenoviruses or Surv.m-CRAs at various multiplicities of infection. Results Strong activation of survivin promoter was observed in all six cell lines. Moreover, the expression of the coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR), which is important for adenoviral infection, was high in the cell lines. In contrast, we observed the absence of survivin promoter activity and a low expression of CAR in activated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from healthy subjects. Surv.m-CRAs actively replicated and induced cytocidal effects in five out of six cell lines; conversely, we observed minimal viral replication and no marked cytotoxicity in normal activated PBLs. Conclusions This is the first report demonstrating that Surv.m-CRAs constitute attractive potential anti-ATL agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Suzuki
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Course of Advanced Therapeutics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan. .,Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kagoshima University Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Kofune
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kagoshima University Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kimiharu Uozumi
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Makoto Yoshimitsu
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kagoshima University Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Naomichi Arima
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kagoshima University Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kenji Ishitsuka
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kagoshima University Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Ueno
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Course of Advanced Therapeutics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Kosai
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Course of Advanced Therapeutics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
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Ide K, Mitsui K, Irie R, Matsushita Y, Ijichi N, Toyodome S, Kosai KI. A Novel Construction of Lentiviral Vectors for Eliminating Tumorigenic Cells from Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2018; 36:230-239. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The risk of tumor formation poses a challenge for human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-based transplantation therapy. Specific and total elimination of tumorigenic hPSCs by suicide genes (SGs) has not been achieved because no methodology currently exists for testing multiple candidate transgene constructs. Here, we present a novel method for efficient generation of tumorigenic cell-targeting lentiviral vectors (TC-LVs) with diverse promoters upstream of a fluorescent protein and SGs. Our two-plasmid system achieved rapid and simultaneous construction of different TC-LVs with different promoters. Ganciclovir (GCV) exerted remarkable cytotoxicity in herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase-transduced hPSCs, and high specificity for undifferentiated cells was achieved using the survivin promoter (TC-LV.Surv). Moreover, GCV treatment completely abolished teratoma formation by TC-LV.Surv-infected hPSCs transplanted into mice, without harmful effects. Thus, TC-LV can efficiently identify the best promoter and SG for specific and complete elimination of tumorigenic hPSCs, facilitating the development of safe regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Ide
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kaoru Mitsui
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
- Center for Innovative Therapy Research and Application, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Rie Irie
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
- Center for Innovative Therapy Research and Application, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yohei Matsushita
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Ijichi
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
- Center for Innovative Therapy Research and Application, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Soichiro Toyodome
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ken-ichiro Kosai
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
- Center for Innovative Therapy Research and Application, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Kagoshima University Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
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Viral Vector-Based Innovative Approaches to Directly Abolishing Tumorigenic Pluripotent Stem Cells for Safer Regenerative Medicine. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2017; 5:51-58. [PMID: 28480304 PMCID: PMC5415317 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are a promising source of regenerative material for clinical applications. However, hPSC transplant therapies pose the risk of teratoma formation and malignant transformation of undifferentiated remnants. These problems underscore the importance of developing technologies that completely prevent tumorigenesis to ensure safe clinical application. Research to date has contributed to establishing safe hPSC lines, improving the efficiency of differentiation induction, and indirectly ensuring the safety of products. Despite such efforts, guaranteeing the clinical safety of regenerative medicine products remains a key challenge. Given the intrinsic genome instability of hPSCs, selective growth advantage of cancer cells, and lessons learned through failures in previous attempts at hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy, conventional strategies are unlikely to completely overcome issues related to hPSC tumorigenesis. Researchers have recently embarked on studies aimed at locating and directly treating hPSC-derived tumorigenic cells. In particular, novel approaches to directly killing tumorigenic cells by transduction of suicide genes and oncolytic viruses are expected to improve the safety of hPSC-based therapy. This article discusses the current status and future perspectives of methods aimed at directly eradicating undifferentiated tumorigenic hPSCs, with a focus on viral vector transduction.
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Mitsui K, Ide K, Takayama A, Wada T, Irie R, Kosai KI. Conditionally replicating adenovirus prevents pluripotent stem cell-derived teratoma by specifically eliminating undifferentiated cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2015; 2:15026. [PMID: 26269798 PMCID: PMC4533615 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2015.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Incomplete abolition of tumorigenicity creates potential safety concerns in clinical trials of regenerative medicine based on human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Here, we demonstrate that conditionally replicating adenoviruses that specifically target cancers using multiple factors (m-CRAs), originally developed as anticancer drugs, may also be useful as novel antitumorigenic agents in hPSC-based therapy. The survivin promoter was more active in undifferentiated hPSCs than the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter, whereas both promoters were minimally active in differentiated normal cells. Accordingly, survivin-responsive m-CRA (Surv.m-CRA) killed undifferentiated hPSCs more efficiently than TERT-responsive m-CRAs (Tert.m-CRA); both m-CRAs exhibited efficient viral replication and cytotoxicity in undifferentiated hPSCs, but not in cocultured differentiated normal cells. Pre-infection of hPSCs with Surv.m-CRA or Tert.m-CRA abolished in vivo teratoma formation in a dose-dependent manner following hPSC implantation into mice. Thus, m-CRAs, and in particular Surv.m-CRAs, represent novel antitumorigenic agents that could facilitate safe clinical applications of hPSC-based regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Mitsui
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Kagoshima, Japan ; Center for Innovative Therapy Research and Application, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kanako Ide
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akiko Takayama
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tadahisa Wada
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Rie Irie
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Kagoshima, Japan ; Center for Innovative Therapy Research and Application, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Kosai
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Kagoshima, Japan ; Center for Innovative Therapy Research and Application, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Kagoshima, Japan
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Yuge K, Takahashi T, Khai NC, Goto K, Fujiwara T, Fujiwara H, Kosai KI. Intramuscular injection of adenoviral hepatocyte growth factor at a distal site ameliorates dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in mice. Int J Mol Med 2014; 33:1064-74. [PMID: 24604303 PMCID: PMC4020479 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) severely affects the quality of life of patients. At present, there is no clinical solution for this condition; therefore, there is a need for innovative therapies for IBD. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) exerts various biological activities in various organs. However, a clinically applicable and effective HGF-based therapy for IBD has yet to be developed. In this study, we examined the therapeutic effect of injecting an adenoviral vector encoding the human HGF gene (Ad.HGF) into the hindlimbs of mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. Plasma levels of circulating human HGF (hHGF) were measured in injected mice. The results showed that weight loss and colon shortening were significantly lower in Ad.HGF-infected mice as compared to control (Ad.LacZ-infected) colitic mice. Additionally, inflammation and crypt scores were significantly reduced in the entire length of the colon, particularly in the distal section. This therapeutic effect was associated with increased cell proliferation and an antiapoptotic effect, as well as a reduction in the number of CD4+ cells and a decreased CD4/CD8 ratio. The levels of inflammatory, as well as Th1 and Th2 cytokines were higher in Ad.HGF-infected mice as compared to the control colitic mice. Thus, systemically circulating hHGF protein, produced by an adenovirally transduced hHGF gene introduced at distal sites in the limbs, significantly ameliorated DSS-induced colitis by promoting cell proliferation (i.e., regeneration), preventing apoptosis, and immunomodulation. Owing to its clinical feasibility and potent therapeutic effects, this method may be developed into a clinical therapy for treating IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Yuge
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu 502-1194, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Takahashi
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu 502-1194, Japan
| | - Ngin Cin Khai
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu 502-1194, Japan
| | - Kazuko Goto
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu 502-1194, Japan
| | - Takako Fujiwara
- Department of Food Science, Kyoto Women's University, Kyoto 605-8501, Japan
| | - Hisayoshi Fujiwara
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu 502-1194, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Kosai
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu 502-1194, Japan
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Oncolytic virotherapy for osteosarcoma using midkine promoter-regulated adenoviruses. Cancer Gene Ther 2014; 21:126-32. [DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2014.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Tanoue K, Wang Y, Ikeda M, Mitsui K, Irie R, Setoguchi T, Komiya S, Natsugoe S, Kosai KI. Survivin-responsive conditionally replicating adenovirus kills rhabdomyosarcoma stem cells more efficiently than their progeny. J Transl Med 2014; 12:27. [PMID: 24467821 PMCID: PMC3925355 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Effective methods for eradicating cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are highly tumorigenic and resistant to conventional therapies, are urgently needed. Our previous studies demonstrated that survivin-responsive conditionally replicating adenoviruses regulated with multiple factors (Surv.m-CRAs), which selectively replicate in and kill a broad range of cancer-cell types, are promising anticancer agents. Here we examined the therapeutic potentials of a Surv.m-CRA against rhabdomyosarcoma stem cells (RSCs), in order to assess its clinical effectiveness and usefulness. Methods Our previous study demonstrated that fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) is a marker of RSCs. We examined survivin mRNA levels, survivin promoter activities, relative cytotoxicities of Surv.m-CRA in RSC-enriched (serum-minus) vs. RSC-exiguous (serum-plus) and FGFR3-positive vs. FGFR3-negative sorted rhabdomyosarcoma cells, and the in vivo therapeutic effects of Surv.m-CRAs on subcutaneous tumors in mice. Results Both survivin mRNA levels and survivin promoter activities were significantly elevated under RSC-enriched relative to RSC-exiguous culture conditions, and the elevation was more prominent in FGFR3-positive vs. FGFR3-negative sorted cells than in RSC-enriched vs. RSC-exiguous conditions. Although Surv.m-CRA efficiently replicated and potently induced cell death in all populations of rhabdomyosarcoma cells, the cytotoxic effects were more pronounced in RSC-enriched or RSC-purified cells than in RSC-exiguous or progeny-purified cells. Injections of Surv.m-CRAs into tumor nodules generated by transplanting RSC-enriched cells induced significant death of rhabdomyosarcoma cells and regression of tumor nodules. Conclusions The unique therapeutic features of Surv.m-CRA, i.e., not only its therapeutic effectiveness against all cell populations but also its increased effectiveness against CSCs, suggest that Surv.m-CRA is promising anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ken-Ichiro Kosai
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan.
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