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Karadimas T, Huynh TH, Chose C, Zervoudakis G, Clampitt B, Lapp S, Joyce D, Letson GD, Metts J, Binitie O, Mullinax JE, Lazarides A. Oncolytic Viral Therapy in Osteosarcoma. Viruses 2024; 16:1139. [PMID: 39066301 PMCID: PMC11281467 DOI: 10.3390/v16071139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary bone malignancies, including osteosarcoma (OS), are rare but aggressive. Current OS treatment, involving surgical resection and chemotherapy, has improved survival for non-metastatic cases but remains ineffective for recurrent or metastatic OS. Oncolytic viral therapy (OVT) is a promising alternative, using naturally occurring or genetically modified viruses to selectively target and lyse cancer cells and induce a robust immune response against remaining OS cells. Various oncolytic viruses (OVs), such as adenovirus, herpes simplex virus, and measles virus, have demonstrated efficacy in preclinical OS models. Combining OVT with other therapeutics, such as chemotherapy or immunotherapy, may further improve outcomes. Despite these advances, challenges in reliability of preclinical models, safety, delivery, and immune response must be addressed to optimize OVT for clinical use. Future research should focus on refining delivery methods, exploring combination treatments, and clinical trials to ensure OVT's efficacy and safety for OS. Overall, OVT represents a novel approach with the potential to drastically improve survival outcomes for patients with OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Karadimas
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida Health, Tampa, FL 33602, USA; (T.H.H.); (C.C.); (B.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Thien Huong Huynh
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida Health, Tampa, FL 33602, USA; (T.H.H.); (C.C.); (B.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Chloe Chose
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida Health, Tampa, FL 33602, USA; (T.H.H.); (C.C.); (B.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Guston Zervoudakis
- Sarcoma Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (G.Z.); (D.J.); (G.D.L.); (J.M.); (O.B.); (J.E.M.); (A.L.)
| | - Bryan Clampitt
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida Health, Tampa, FL 33602, USA; (T.H.H.); (C.C.); (B.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Sean Lapp
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida Health, Tampa, FL 33602, USA; (T.H.H.); (C.C.); (B.C.); (S.L.)
| | - David Joyce
- Sarcoma Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (G.Z.); (D.J.); (G.D.L.); (J.M.); (O.B.); (J.E.M.); (A.L.)
| | - George Douglas Letson
- Sarcoma Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (G.Z.); (D.J.); (G.D.L.); (J.M.); (O.B.); (J.E.M.); (A.L.)
| | - Jonathan Metts
- Sarcoma Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (G.Z.); (D.J.); (G.D.L.); (J.M.); (O.B.); (J.E.M.); (A.L.)
| | - Odion Binitie
- Sarcoma Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (G.Z.); (D.J.); (G.D.L.); (J.M.); (O.B.); (J.E.M.); (A.L.)
| | - John E. Mullinax
- Sarcoma Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (G.Z.); (D.J.); (G.D.L.); (J.M.); (O.B.); (J.E.M.); (A.L.)
| | - Alexander Lazarides
- Sarcoma Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (G.Z.); (D.J.); (G.D.L.); (J.M.); (O.B.); (J.E.M.); (A.L.)
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2
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Liang H, Cui M, Tu J, Chen X. Advancements in osteosarcoma management: integrating immune microenvironment insights with immunotherapeutic strategies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1394339. [PMID: 38915446 PMCID: PMC11194413 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1394339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma, a malignant bone tumor predominantly affecting children and adolescents, presents significant therapeutic challenges, particularly in metastatic or recurrent cases. Conventional surgical and chemotherapeutic approaches have achieved partial therapeutic efficacy; however, the prognosis for long-term survival remains bleak. Recent studies have highlighted the imperative for a comprehensive exploration of the osteosarcoma immune microenvironment, focusing on the integration of diverse immunotherapeutic strategies-including immune checkpoint inhibitors, tumor microenvironment modulators, cytokine therapies, tumor antigen-specific interventions, cancer vaccines, cellular therapies, and antibody-based treatments-that are directly pertinent to modulating this intricate microenvironment. By targeting tumor cells, modulating the tumor microenvironment, and activating host immune responses, these innovative approaches have demonstrated substantial potential in enhancing the effectiveness of osteosarcoma treatments. Although most of these novel strategies are still in research or clinical trial phases, they have already demonstrated significant potential for individuals with osteosarcoma, suggesting the possibility of developing new, more personalized and effective treatment options. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current advancements in osteosarcoma immunotherapy, emphasizing the significance of integrating various immunotherapeutic methods to optimize therapeutic outcomes. Additionally, it underscores the imperative for subsequent research to further investigate the intricate interactions between the tumor microenvironment and the immune system, aiming to devise more effective treatment strategies. The present review comprehensively addresses the landscape of osteosarcoma immunotherapy, delineating crucial scientific concerns and clinical challenges, thereby outlining potential research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Cui
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingyao Tu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyi Chen
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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3
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de la Nava D, Selvi KM, Alonso MM. Immunovirotherapy for Pediatric Solid Tumors: A Promising Treatment That is Becoming a Reality. Front Immunol 2022; 13:866892. [PMID: 35493490 PMCID: PMC9043602 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.866892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has seen tremendous strides in the last decade, acquiring a prominent position at the forefront of cancer treatment since it has been proven to be efficacious for a wide variety of tumors. Nevertheless, while immunotherapy has changed the paradigm of adult tumor treatment, this progress has not yet been translated to the pediatric solid tumor population. For this reason, alternative curative therapies are urgently needed for the most aggressive pediatric tumors. In recent years, oncolytic virotherapy has consolidated as a feasible strategy for cancer treatment, not only for its tumor-specific effects and safety profile but also for its capacity to trigger an antitumor immune response. This review will summarize the current status of immunovirotherapy to treat cancer, focusing on pediatric solid malignancies. We will revisit previous basic, translational, and clinical research and discuss advances in overcoming the existing barriers and limitations to translate this promising therapeutic as an every-day cancer treatment for the pediatric and young adult populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel de la Nava
- Health Research Institute of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Programs in Solid Tumors and Neuroscience, Foundation for the Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Kadir Mert Selvi
- Health Research Institute of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Programs in Solid Tumors and Neuroscience, Foundation for the Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marta M. Alonso
- Health Research Institute of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Programs in Solid Tumors and Neuroscience, Foundation for the Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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4
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Iankov ID, Kurokawa C, Viker K, Robinson SI, Ammayappan A, Panagioti E, Federspiel MJ, Galanis E. Live Attenuated Measles Virus Vaccine Expressing Helicobacter pylori Heat Shock Protein A. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2020; 19:136-148. [PMID: 33145397 PMCID: PMC7585873 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Measles virus (MV) Edmonston derivative strains are attractive vector platforms in vaccine development and oncolytic virotherapy. Helicobacter pylori heat shock protein A (HspA) is a bacterial heat shock chaperone with essential function as a Ni-ion scavenging protein. We generated and characterized the immunogenicity of an attenuated MV strain encoding the HspA transgene (MV-HspA). MV-HspA showed faster replication within 48 h of infection with >10-fold higher titers and faster accumulation of the MV proteins. It also demonstrated a superior tumor-killing effect in vitro against a variety of human solid tumor cell lines, including sarcoma, ovarian and breast cancer. Two intraperitoneal (i.p.) doses of 106 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) MV-HspA significantly improved survival in an ovarian cancer xenograft model: 63.5 days versus 27 days for the control group. The HspA transgene induced a humoral immune response in measles-permissive Ifnarko-CD46Ge transgenic mice. Eight of nine animals developed a long-term anti-HspA antibody response with titers of 1:400 to 1:12,800 without any negative impact on development of protective anti-MV immune memory. MV-HspA triggered an immunogenic cytopathic effect as measured by an HMGB1 assay. The absence of significant elevation of PD-L1 expression indicated that vector-encoded HspA could act as an immunomodulator on the immune check point axis. These data demonstrate that MV-HspA is a potent oncolytic agent and vaccine candidate for clinical translation in cancer treatment and immunoprophylaxis against H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ianko D Iankov
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Cheyne Kurokawa
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kimberly Viker
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Steven I Robinson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Arun Ammayappan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Eleni Panagioti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Mark J Federspiel
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Evanthia Galanis
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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5
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Zhekova HR, Sakuma T, Johnson R, Concilio SC, Lech PJ, Zdravkovic I, Damergi M, Suksanpaisan L, Peng KW, Russell SJ, Noskov S. Mapping of Ion and Substrate Binding Sites in Human Sodium Iodide Symporter (hNIS). J Chem Inf Model 2020; 60:1652-1665. [PMID: 32134653 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b01114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The human sodium iodide symporter (hNIS) is a theranostic reporter gene which concentrates several clinically approved SPECT and PET radiotracers and plays an essential role for the synthesis of thyroid hormones as an iodide transporter in the thyroid gland. Development of hNIS mutants which could enhance translocation of the desired imaging ions is currently underway. Unfortunately, it is hindered by lack of understanding of the 3D organization of hNIS and its relation to anion transport. There are no known crystal structures of hNIS in any of its conformational states. Homology modeling can be very effective in such situations; however, the low sequence identity between hNIS and relevant secondary transporters with available experimental structures makes the choice of a template and the generation of 3D models nontrivial. Here, we report a combined application of homology modeling and molecular dynamics refining of the hNIS structure in its semioccluded state. The modeling was based on templates from the LeuT-fold protein family and was done with emphasis on the refinement of the substrate-ion binding pocket. The consensus model developed in this work is compared to available biophysical and biochemical experimental data for a number of different LeuT-fold proteins. Some functionally important residues contributing to the formation of putative binding sites and permeation pathways for the cotransported Na+ ions and I- substrate were identified. The model predictions were experimentally tested by generation of mutant versions of hNIS and measurement of relative (to WT hNIS) 125I- uptake of 35 hNIS variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hristina R Zhekova
- Centre for Molecular Simulation, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Toshie Sakuma
- Imanis Life Sciences, Rochester, Minnesota 55901, United States.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, United States
| | - Ryan Johnson
- Imanis Life Sciences, Rochester, Minnesota 55901, United States
| | - Susanna C Concilio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, United States.,Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, United States
| | - Patrycja J Lech
- Imanis Life Sciences, Rochester, Minnesota 55901, United States
| | - Igor Zdravkovic
- Centre for Molecular Simulation, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Mirna Damergi
- Centre for Molecular Simulation, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | | | - Kah-Whye Peng
- Imanis Life Sciences, Rochester, Minnesota 55901, United States.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, United States
| | - Stephen J Russell
- Imanis Life Sciences, Rochester, Minnesota 55901, United States.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, United States
| | - Sergei Noskov
- Centre for Molecular Simulation, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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6
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Development of oncolytic virotherapy: from genetic modification to combination therapy. Front Med 2020; 14:160-184. [PMID: 32146606 PMCID: PMC7101593 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-020-0750-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy (OVT) is a novel form of immunotherapy using natural or genetically modified viruses to selectively replicate in and kill malignant cells. Many genetically modified oncolytic viruses (OVs) with enhanced tumor targeting, antitumor efficacy, and safety have been generated, and some of which have been assessed in clinical trials. Combining OVT with other immunotherapies can remarkably enhance the antitumor efficacy. In this work, we review the use of wild-type viruses in OVT and the strategies for OV genetic modification. We also review and discuss the combinations of OVT with other immunotherapies.
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7
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Wedekind MF, Cripe TP. Oncolytic Viruses and Their Potential as a Therapeutic Opportunity in Osteosarcoma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1258:77-89. [PMID: 32767235 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-43085-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma remains an unmet medical need. Oncolytic viruses are gaining traction as novel cancer therapeutics. These viruses are either naturally nonpathogenic or engineered to be safe by specific genetic deletions yet retain the ability to infect and kill human cancer cells and elicit anticancer immunity. Some versions are being specifically designed and tested in patients with osteosarcoma, though due to their generalized mechanism of action most are being tested in patients across a broad range of cancer types. The activity of these viruses is impacted not only by the susceptibility of tumor cells to infection but also by the tumor microenvironment (TME) and by tumor immunogenicity. Here we review the field of oncolytic viruses with a particular emphasis on highlighting any available data in preclinical osteosarcoma models or in patients with osteosarcoma. While in general the viruses have been shown safe to administer to patients by a variety of routes, their therapeutic efficacy to date has been limited. Given the low rate of adverse events and the likely absence of long-term side effects, the utility of oncolytic viruses will most likely be realized when used in combination with other agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Timothy P Cripe
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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8
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Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy uses replication-competent virus as a means of treating cancer. Whereas this field has shown great promise as a viable treatment method, the limited spread of these viruses throughout the tumor microenvironment remains a major challenge. To overcome this issue, researchers have begun looking at syncytia formation as a novel method of increasing viral spread. Several naturally occurring fusogenic viruses have been shown to possess strong oncolytic potential and have since been studied to gain insight into how this process benefits oncolytic virotherapy. Whereas these naturally fusogenic viruses have been beneficial, there are still challenges associated with their regular use. Because of this, engineered/recombinant fusogenic viruses have also been created that enhance nonfusogenic oncolytic viruses with the beneficial property of syncytia formation. The purpose of this review is to examine the existing body of literature on syncytia formation in oncolytics and offer direction for potential future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase Burton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Eric Bartee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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9
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Jiang H, DeGrado TR. [ 18F]Tetrafluoroborate ([ 18F]TFB) and its analogs for PET imaging of the sodium/iodide symporter. Theranostics 2018; 8:3918-3931. [PMID: 30083270 PMCID: PMC6071519 DOI: 10.7150/thno.24997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium/iodide symporter (NIS)-mediated iodide uptake in thyroid follicular cells is the basis of clinical utilization of radioiodines. The cloning of the NIS gene enabled applications of NIS as a reporter gene in both preclinical and translational research. Non-invasive NIS imaging with radioactive iodides and iodide analogs has gained much interest in recent years for evaluation of thyroid cancer and NIS reporter expression. Although radioiodines and [99mTc]pertechnetate ([99mTc]TcO4-) have been utilized in positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), they may suffer from limitations of availability, undesirable decay properties or imaging sensitivity (SPECT versus PET). Recently, [18F]tetrafluoroborate ([18F]TFB or [18F]BF4-) and other fluorine-18 labeled iodide analogs have emerged as a promising iodide analog for PET imaging. These fluorine-18 labeled probes have practical radiosyntheses and biochemical properties that allow them to closely mimic iodide transport by NIS in thyroid, as well as in other NIS-expressing tissues. Unlike radioiodides, they do not undergo organification in thyroid cells, which results in an advantage of relatively lower uptake in normal thyroid tissue. Initial clinical trials of [18F]TFB have been completed in healthy human subjects and thyroid cancer patients. The excellent imaging properties of [18F]TFB for evaluation of NIS-expressing tissues indicate its bright future in PET NIS imaging. This review focuses on the recent evolution of [18F]TFB and other iodide analogs and their potential value in research and clinical practice.
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10
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Ravera S, Reyna-Neyra A, Ferrandino G, Amzel LM, Carrasco N. The Sodium/Iodide Symporter (NIS): Molecular Physiology and Preclinical and Clinical Applications. Annu Rev Physiol 2017; 79:261-289. [PMID: 28192058 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-022516-034125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Active iodide (I-) transport in both the thyroid and some extrathyroidal tissues is mediated by the Na+/I- symporter (NIS). In the thyroid, NIS-mediated I- uptake plays a pivotal role in thyroid hormone (TH) biosynthesis. THs are key during embryonic and postembryonic development and critical for cell metabolism at all stages of life. The molecular characterization of NIS in 1996 and the use of radioactive I- isotopes have led to significant advances in the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer and provide the molecular basis for studies aimed at extending the use of radioiodide treatment in extrathyroidal malignancies. This review focuses on the most recent findings on I- homeostasis and I- transport deficiency-causing NIS mutations, as well as current knowledge of the structure/function properties of NIS and NIS regulatory mechanisms. We also discuss employing NIS as a reporter gene using viral vectors and stem cells in imaging, diagnostic, and therapeutic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ravera
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510;
| | - Andrea Reyna-Neyra
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510;
| | - Giuseppe Ferrandino
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510;
| | - L Mario Amzel
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Nancy Carrasco
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510;
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11
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oncolytic viruses represent a novel treatment modality that is unencumbered by the standard resistance mechanisms limiting the therapeutic efficacy of conventional antineoplastic agents. Attenuated engineered measles virus strains derived from the Edmonston vaccine lineage have undergone extensive preclinical evaluation with significant antitumor activity observed in a broad range of preclinical tumoral models. These have laid the foundation for several clinical trials in both solid and hematologic malignancies, which have demonstrated safety, biologic activity and the ability to elicit antitumor immune responses. Areas covered: This review examines the published preclinical data which supported the clinical translation of this therapeutic platform, reviews the available clinical trial data and expands on ongoing phase II testing. It also looks at approaches to optimize clinical applicability and offers future perspectives. Expert opinion: Reverse genetic engineering has allowed the generation of oncolytic MV strains retargeted to increase viral tumor specificity, or armed with therapeutic and immunomodulatory genes in order to enhance anti-tumor efficacy. Continuous efforts focusing on exploring methods to overcome resistance pathways and determining optimal combinatorial strategies will facilitate further development of this encouraging antitumor strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Robinson
- a Division of Medical Oncology , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
| | - Evanthia Galanis
- a Division of Medical Oncology , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
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12
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Zhou ZF, Sun TW, Chen F, Zuo DQ, Wang HS, Hua YQ, Cai ZD, Tan J. Calcium phosphate-phosphorylated adenosine hybrid microspheres for anti-osteosarcoma drug delivery and osteogenic differentiation. Biomaterials 2016; 121:1-14. [PMID: 28063979 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Biocompatibility, biodegradability and bioactivity are significantly important in practical applications of various biomaterials for bone tissue engineering. Herein, we develop a functional inorganic-organic hybrid system of calcium phosphate-phosphorylated adenosine (CPPA). Both calcium phosphate and phosphorylated adenosine molecules in CPPA are fundamental components in mammalians and play important roles in biological metabolism. In this work, we report our three leading research qualities: (1) CPPA hybrid microspheres with hollow and porous structure are synthesized by a facile one-step microwave-assisted solvothermal method; (2) CPPA hybrid microspheres show high doxorubicin loading capacity and pH-responsive drug release properties, and demonstrate positive therapeutic effects on six osteosarcoma cell lines in vitro and a mouse model of 143B osteosarcoma subcutaneous tumor in vivo; (3) CPPA hybrid microspheres are favorable to promote osteogenic differentiation of human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) by activating the AMPK pathway, with satisfactory evidences from cellular alkaline phosphatase staining, alizarin red staining, real time PCR and western analysis. The as-prepared CPPA hybrid microspheres are promising in anti-osteosarcoma and bone regeneration, which simultaneously display excellent properties on drug delivery and osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Fei Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, PR China
| | - Tuan-Wei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, PR China
| | - Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, PR China.
| | - Dong-Qing Zuo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, PR China
| | - Hong-Sheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, PR China
| | - Ying-Qi Hua
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, PR China
| | - Zheng-Dong Cai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, PR China.
| | - Jun Tan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, PR China.
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13
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Domingo-Musibay E, Yamamoto M. Gene and virotherapy for hematological malignancies. Int J Hematol 2016; 104:29-41. [PMID: 27289361 PMCID: PMC5089843 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-016-2031-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have seen a transformation in the treatment of hematological malignancies. Advances in gene therapy and molecular techniques and significant gains in computational abilities have supported the rapid development of safer and better tolerated therapies for many patients with hematologic cancers. In this review, we discuss novel applications of gene therapy, including immunomodulation and gene silencing, and report on the rise of oncolytic viruses for use in the treatment of malignancies arising in cells of the blood, lymph, and marrow. We discuss the relationship of the tropism of wildtype viruses and their oncolytic behavior as well as the tumoricidal and immunostimulatory properties of a number of attenuated and recombinant viruses currently in clinical development in countries around the world. While we have focused on promising virotherapy applications for future development, we also present a historical perspective and identify areas of potential clinical and regulatory practice change. We outline several of the virus systems being developed for applications in hematology, and summarize efficacy data in the context of ongoing or future human clinical testing. We also present the advantages and limitations of gene and virus therapy, including challenges and opportunities for improved treatment tolerability and outcomes for patients with hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evidio Domingo-Musibay
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Masato Yamamoto
- Division of Basic and Translational Research, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, MoosT 11-210, MMC195, 515 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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14
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Abstract
Introduction: Oncolytic viruses are experimental cancer therapies being translated to the clinic. They are unique in their ability to amplify within the body, therefore requiring careful monitoring of viral replication and biodistribution. Traditional monitoring strategies fail to recapitulate the dynamic nature of oncolytic virotherapy. Consequently, clinically relevant, noninvasive, high resolution strategies are needed to effectively track virotherapy in real time. Areas covered: The expression of the sodium iodide symporter (NIS) reporter gene is tightly coupled to viral genome replication and mediates radioisotope concentration, allowing noninvasive molecular nuclear imaging of active viral infection with high resolution. This provides insight into replication kinetics, biodistribution, the impact of vector design, administration, and dosing on therapeutic outcomes, and highlights the heterogeneity of spatial distribution and temporal evolution of infection. NIS-mediated imaging in clinical trials confirms the feasibility of this technology to noninvasively and longitudinally observe oncolytic virus infection, replication, and distribution. Expert opinion: NIS-mediated imaging provides detailed functional and molecular information on the evolution of oncolytic virus infection in living animals. The use of NIS reporter gene imaging has rapidly advanced to provide unparalleled insight into the spatial and temporal context of oncolytic infection which will be integral to optimization of oncolytic treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Miller
- a Mayo Clinic, Department of Molecular Medicine , Rochester , MN 55905 , USA.,b Mayo Graduate School, Center for Clinical and Translational Science , Rochester , MN 55905 , USA
| | - Stephen J Russell
- a Mayo Clinic, Department of Molecular Medicine , Rochester , MN 55905 , USA.,c Mayo Clinic, Division of Hematology , Rochester , MN 55905 , USA
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Hutzen B, Raffel C, Studebaker AW. Advances in the design and development of oncolytic measles viruses. Oncolytic Virother 2015; 4:109-18. [PMID: 27512675 PMCID: PMC4918395 DOI: 10.2147/ov.s66078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A successful oncolytic virus is one that selectively propagates and destroys cancerous tissue without causing excessive damage to the normal surrounding tissue. Oncolytic measles virus (MV) is one such virus that exhibits this characteristic and thus has rapidly emerged as a potentially useful anticancer modality. Derivatives of the Edmonston MV vaccine strain possess a remarkable safety record in humans. Promising results in preclinical animal models and evidence of biological activity in early phase trials contribute to the enthusiasm. Genetic modifications have enabled MV to evolve from a vaccine agent to a potential anticancer therapy. Specifically, alterations of the MV genome have led to improved tumor selectivity and delivery, therapeutic potency, and immune system modulation. In this article, we will review the advancements that have been made in the design and development of MV that have led to its use as a cancer therapy. In addition, we will discuss the evidence supporting its use, as well as the challenges associated with MV as a potential cancer therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Hutzen
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Corey Raffel
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adam W Studebaker
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
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