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Mulla SW, Venkatraman P. Novel Nexus with NFκB, β-catenin, and RB1 empowers PSMD10/Gankyrin to counteract TNF-α induced apoptosis establishing its oncogenic role. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 146:106209. [PMID: 35378311 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
NFκB is a critical rapid-acting transcription factor that protects cancer cells from programmed cell death induced by stress or therapy. While NFκB works in nexus with non-classical oncoproteins such as STAT3 and AKT under a variety of conditions, it is a major antiapoptotic factor activated by TNF-α of the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, it is surprising that PSMD10, an oncoprotein overexpressed in several cancers and a marker of poor prognosis, is reported to inhibit the NFκB pathway. In this study, we explore the role of PSMD10 in cancer cells exposed to TNF-α. We screen several breast and colon cancer cell lines and select SW480, a colon cancer cell line highly resistant to TNF-α, and demonstrate that PSMD10 knockdown sensitizes these cells to TNF-α induced cell death. One of the mechanisms involves transcriptional regulation of β-catenin and RB1, two key colon cancer cell specific anti-apoptotic factors. Surprisingly, we find that PSMD10 is required for optimal phosphorylation and transcriptional activation of NFκB (RELA). Thus, upon PSMD10 knockdown, there is significant downregulation of anti-apoptotic NFκB target genes TNFAIP3 (A20), BIRC2 (cIAP1), BIRC3 (cIAP2), and XIAP. Our study, for the first time, shows that PSMD10 is required for the activation of the pro-survival arm via NFκB transcriptional activation to prevent cancer cells from succumbing to TNF-induced cell death. In addition by transcriptional regulation of two major antiapoptotic players RB1 and β-catenin, PSMD10 proves to be a coveted oncoprotein with a key role in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saim Wasi Mulla
- Protein Interactome Lab for Structural and Functional Biology, Tata Memorial Centre -Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (TMC-ACTREC), Navi Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Department of Atomic Energy, Mumbai, India
| | - Prasanna Venkatraman
- Protein Interactome Lab for Structural and Functional Biology, Tata Memorial Centre -Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (TMC-ACTREC), Navi Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Department of Atomic Energy, Mumbai, India.
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2
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Huang X, Fan M, Huang W. Pleiotropic roles of FXR in liver and colorectal cancers. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 543:111543. [PMID: 34995680 PMCID: PMC8818033 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is generally considered a cell protector of enterohepatic tissues and a suppressor of liver cancer and colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Loss or reduction of FXR expression occurs during carcinogenesis, and the FXR level is inversely associated with the aggressive behaviors of the malignancy. Global deletion of FXR and tissue-specific deletion of FXR display distinct effects on tumorigenesis. Epigenetic silencing and inflammatory context are two main contributors to impaired FXR expression and activity. FXR exerts its antitumorigenic function via the following mechanisms: 1) FXR regulates multiple metabolic processes, notably bile acid homeostasis; 2) FXR antagonizes hepatic and enteric inflammation; 3) FXR impedes aberrant activation of some cancer-related pathways; and 4) FXR downregulates a number of oncogenes while upregulating some tumor suppressor genes. Restoring FXR functions via its agonists provides a therapeutic approach for patients with liver cancer and CRC. However, an in-depth understanding of the species-specific pharmacological effects is a prerequisite for assessing the clinical safety and efficacy of FXR agonists in human cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongfei Huang
- Department of Pathology and Institute of Oncology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350004, PR China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, PR China.
| | - Mingjie Fan
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Wendong Huang
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
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3
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Camacho-Moll ME, Sampayo-Reyes A, Castorena-Torres F, Lozano-Garza G, Alarcón-Galván G, Hernández A, Marcos R, Alcocer-González JM, Tamez-Guerra R, Bermúdez de León M. Selenite Downregulates STAT3 Expression and Provokes Lymphocytosis in the Liver of Chronically Exposed Syrian Golden Hamsters. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185614. [PMID: 34577085 PMCID: PMC8465886 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic is considered a worldwide pollutant that can be present in drinking water. Arsenic exposure is associated with various diseases, including cancer. Antioxidants as selenite and α-tocopherol-succinate have been shown to modulate arsenic toxic effects. Since changes in STAT3 and PSMD10 gene expression have been associated with carcinogenesis, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of arsenic exposure and co-treatments with selenite or α-tocopherol-succinate on the expression of these genes, in the livers of chronically exposed Syrian golden hamsters. Animals were divided into six groups: (i) control, (ii) chronically treated with 100 ppm arsenic, (iii) treated with 6 ppm α-tocopherol-succinate (α-TOS), (iv) treated with 8.5 ppm selenite, (v) treated with arsenic + α-TOS, and (vi) treated with arsenic + selenite. Urine samples and livers were collected after 20 weeks of continuous exposure. The urine samples were analyzed for arsenic species by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and real-time RT-qPCR analysis was performed for gene expression evaluation. A reduction in STAT3 expression was observed in the selenite-treated group. No differences in PSMD10 expression were found among groups. Histopathological analysis revealed hepatic lymphocytosis in selenite-treated animals. As a conclusion, long-term exposure to arsenic does not significantly alter the expression of STAT3 and PSMD10 oncogenes in the livers of hamsters; however, selenite down-regulates STAT3 expression and provokes lymphocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Camacho-Moll
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey 64720, Nuevo León, Mexico; (M.E.C.-M.); (G.L.-G.)
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Vicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García 66238, Nuevo León, Mexico;
| | - Adriana Sampayo-Reyes
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Nuevo León, Mexico; (A.S.-R.); (J.M.A.-G.); (R.T.-G.)
| | | | - Gerardo Lozano-Garza
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey 64720, Nuevo León, Mexico; (M.E.C.-M.); (G.L.-G.)
| | - Gabriela Alarcón-Galván
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Vicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García 66238, Nuevo León, Mexico;
| | - Alba Hernández
- Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (A.H.); (R.M.)
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricard Marcos
- Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (A.H.); (R.M.)
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Alcocer-González
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Nuevo León, Mexico; (A.S.-R.); (J.M.A.-G.); (R.T.-G.)
| | - Reyes Tamez-Guerra
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Nuevo León, Mexico; (A.S.-R.); (J.M.A.-G.); (R.T.-G.)
| | - Mario Bermúdez de León
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey 64720, Nuevo León, Mexico; (M.E.C.-M.); (G.L.-G.)
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Vicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García 66238, Nuevo León, Mexico;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-81-8190-4035
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Li Q, Li N, Zeng Y, Wang X, Li J, Su H, Gao M, Huang X. Nuclear receptor FXR impairs SK-Hep-1 cell migration and invasion by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:161. [PMID: 32934729 PMCID: PMC7471648 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR) has been considered to be a liver tumor suppressor. However, the role of FXR in liver cancer invasion and metastasis remains unclear. The results of the current study demonstrated that FXR suppressed the migratory and invasive capacities of SK-Hep-1 cells in vitro and that FXR overexpression inhibited local invasion and lung metastasis of SK-Hep-1 ×enografts in vivo. Bioinformatics analysis of the gene expression profile of SK-Hep-1 cells with different FXR levels indicated that FXR may regulate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Compared with controls, FXR-overexpressing SK-Hep-1 cells exhibited decreased expression of β-catenin target genes and reduced nuclear translocation of β-catenin proteins in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, these results indicated that FXR may suppress SK-Hep-1 cell invasion and metastasis by suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. The current study provided novel insight into the diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China
| | - Ningbo Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Yeting Zeng
- Department of Pathology, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, People's Liberation Army, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, P.R. China
| | - Xinrui Wang
- Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, P.R. China
| | - Hongying Su
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, P.R. China
| | - Meiqin Gao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, P.R. China
| | - Xiongfei Huang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P.R. China
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5
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Yu G, Li N, Wang W, Niu M, Feng X. p28GANK overexpression is associated with chemotherapy resistance and poor prognosis in ovarian cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:505-512. [PMID: 31897164 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-ATPase regulatory subunit 10 of the human 26S proteasome (p28GANK) has been implicated in the tumorigenesis and progression of several types of malignant tumor. The aim of the present study was to detect the expression of p28GANK in ovarian cancer (OC) and investigate its association with the clinicopathological features and prognosis of OC. The expression levels of p28GANK were determined in 114 OC tissue samples and 30 normal ovarian tissue samples using immunohistochemistry. An association was observed between p28GANK overexpression and certain clinicopathological factors, including advanced International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage (P=0.042), residual tumor size (P=0.005) and response to chemotherapy (P<0.001). Furthermore, patients with high expression of p28GANK demonstrated worse overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates compared with patients with low expression of p28GANK (both P<0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that overexpression of p28GANK was an independent prognostic factor of OS and DFS in patients with OC (P=0.013 and P=0.001, respectively). In summary, the current results indicate that p28GANK may be a predictive marker and a therapeutic target for OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Yu
- Department of Gynecology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China.,Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
| | - Ming Niu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Feng
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
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6
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Sahu I, Nanaware P, Mane M, Mulla SW, Roy S, Venkatraman P. Role of a 19S Proteasome Subunit- PSMD10 Gankyrin in Neurogenesis of Human Neural Progenitor Cells. Int J Stem Cells 2019; 12:463-473. [PMID: 31474027 PMCID: PMC6881037 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc19007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PSMD10Gankyrin, a proteasome assembly chaperone, is a widely known oncoprotein which aspects many hall mark properties of cancer. However, except proteasome assembly chaperon function its role in normal cell function remains unknown. To address this issue, we induced PSMD10Gankyrin overexpression in HEK293 cells and the resultant large-scale changes in gene expression profile were analyzed. We constituted networks from microarray data of these differentially expressed genes and carried out extensive topological analyses. The overrecurring yet consistent theme that appeared throughout analysis using varied network metrics is that all genes and interactions identified as important would be involved in neurogenesis and neuronal development. Intrigued we tested the possibility that PSMD10Gankyrin may be strongly associated with cell fate decisions that commit neural stem cells to differentiate into neurons. Overexpression of PSMD10Gankyrin in human neural progenitor cells facilitated neuronal differentiation via β-catenin Ngn1 pathway. Here for the first time we provide preliminary and yet compelling experimental evidence for the involvement of a potential oncoprotein – PSMD10Gankyrin, in neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrajit Sahu
- Advance Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India.,Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, BARC Training School Complex, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Padma Nanaware
- Advance Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, BARC Training School Complex, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.,Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Minal Mane
- Advance Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Saim Wasi Mulla
- Advance Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, BARC Training School Complex, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Soumen Roy
- Department of Physics, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Prasanna Venkatraman
- Advance Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, BARC Training School Complex, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Camacho-Moll ME, Macdonald J, Looijenga LHJ, Rimmer MP, Donat R, Marwick JA, Shukla CJ, Carragher N, Jørgensen A, Mitchell RT. The oncogene Gankyrin is expressed in testicular cancer and contributes to cisplatin sensitivity in embryonal carcinoma cells. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1124. [PMID: 31744479 PMCID: PMC6862764 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6340-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Testicular germ cell cancer (TGCC) develops from pre-malignant germ neoplasia in situ (GCNIS) cells. GCNIS originates from fetal gonocytes (POU5F1+/MAGE-A4−), which fail to differentiate to pre-spermatogonia (POU5F1−/MAGE-A4+) and undergo malignant transformation. Gankyrin is an oncogene which has been shown to prevent POU5F1 degradation and specifically interact with MAGE-A4 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. We aimed to investigate the role of Gankyrin in progression from gonocyte to pre-invasive GCNIS and subsequent invasive TGCC. Methods We determined Gankyrin expression in human fetal testicular tissue (gestational weeks 9–20; n = 38), human adult testicular tissue with active spermatogenesis (n = 9), human testicular tissue with germ cell maturation delay (n = 4), testicular tissue from patients with pre-invasive GCNIS (n = 6), and invasive TGCC including seminoma (n = 6) and teratoma (n = 7). Functional analysis was performed in-vitro by siRNA knock-down of Gankyrin in the NTera2 cells (derived from embryonal carcinoma). Results Germ cell expression of Gankyrin was restricted to a sub-population of prespermatogonia in human fetal testes. Nuclear Gankyrin was also expressed in GCNIS cells of childhood and adult pre-invasive TGCC patients, and in GCNIS from seminoma and non-seminoma patients. Cytoplasmic expression was observed in seminoma tumour cells and NTera2 cells. Gankyrin knock-down in NTera2 cells resulted in an increase in apoptosis mediated via the TP53 pathway, whilst POU5F1 expression was unaffected. Furthermore, Gankyrin knock-down in NTera2 cells increased cisplatin sensitivity with an increase in cell death (13%, p < 0.05) following Gankyrin knock-down, when compared to cisplatin treatment alone, likely via BAX and FAS. Our results demonstrate that Gankyrin expression changes in germ cells during normal transition from gonocyte to prespermatogonia. In addition, changes in Gankyrin localisation are associated with progression of pre-invasive GCNIS to invasive TGCC. Furthermore, we found that Gankyrin is involved in the regulation of NTera2 cell survival and that a reduction in Gankyrin expression can modulate cisplatin sensitivity. Conclusions These results suggest that manipulation of Gankyrin expression may reduce the cisplatin dose required for the treatment of TGCC, with benefits in reducing dose-dependent side effects of chemotherapy. Further studies are required in order to assess the effects of modulating Gankyrin on GCNIS/TGCC using in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Camacho-Moll
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Delegación Nuevo León, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Calle 2 de abril 501, esq. San Luis Potosí, Col. Independencia, CP, 64720, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Centro de Diagnóstico Molecular y Medicina Personalizada, División Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Monterrey, Av. Ignacio Morones Prieto 4500 Pte, N. L, 66238, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico
| | - Joni Macdonald
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - L H J Looijenga
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University, Medical Center, Cancer Center, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Wytemaweg 80, 3015, Rotterdam, CN, Netherlands.,Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584, CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michael P Rimmer
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Roland Donat
- Department of Urology, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - John A Marwick
- The MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - C J Shukla
- Department of Urology, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Neil Carragher
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anne Jørgensen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9 2100 KBH Ø, Copenhagen, UK
| | - Rod T Mitchell
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH16 4TJ, UK.
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Fujita J, Sakurai T. The Oncoprotein Gankyrin/PSMD10 as a Target of Cancer Therapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1164:63-71. [PMID: 31576540 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-22254-3_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gankyrin (also called PSMD10, p28, or p28GANK) is a crucial oncoprotein that is upregulated in various cancers and assumed to play pivotal roles in the initiation and progression of tumors. Although the in vitro function of gankyrin is relatively well characterized, its role in vivo remains to be elucidated. We have investigated the function of gankyrin in vivo by producing mice with liver parenchymal cell-specific gankyrin ablation (Alb-Cre;gankyrinf/f) and gankyrin deletion both in liver parenchymal and in non-parenchymal cells (Mx1-Cre;gankyrinf/f). Gankyrin deficiency both in non-parenchymal cells and parenchymal cells, but not in parenchymal cells alone, reduced STAT3 activity, interleukin-6 production, and cancer stem cell marker expression, leading to attenuated tumorigenic potential in the diethylnitrosamine hepatocarcinogenesis model. Essentially similar results were obtained by analyzing mice with intestinal epithelial cell-specific gankyrin ablation (Villin-Cre;Gankyrinf/f) and gankyrin deletion both in myeloid and epithelial cells (Mx1-Cre;Gankyrinf/f) in the colitis-associated cancer model. Clinically, gankyrin expression in the tumor microenvironment was negatively correlated with progression-free survival in patients undergoing treatment with Sorafenib for hepatocellular carcinomas. These findings indicate important roles played by gankyrin in non-parenchymal cells as well as parenchymal cells in the pathogenesis of liver cancers and colorectal cancers, and suggest that by acting both on cancer cells and on the tumor microenvironment, anti-gankyrin agents would be promising as therapeutic and preventive strategies against various cancers, and that an in vitro cell culture models that incorporate the effects of non-parenchymal cells and gankyrin would be useful for the study of human cell transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Fujita
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Toshiharu Sakurai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
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Wang C, Li Y, Chu CM, Zhang XM, Ma J, Huang H, Wang YN, Hong TY, Zhang J, Pan XW, Zheng JC, Jiang N, Hu CY, Ma X, Sun YH, Cui XG. Gankyrin is a novel biomarker for disease progression and prognosis of patients with renal cell carcinoma. EBioMedicine 2018; 39:255-264. [PMID: 30558998 PMCID: PMC6354735 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the clinic, how to stratify renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients with different risks and to accurately predict their prognostic outcome remains a crucial issue. In this study, we assessed the expression and prognostic value of gankyrin in RCC patients. METHODS The expression of gankyrin was examined in public databases and validated in specimens from two independent centers. The clinical practice and disease correlation of gankyrin in RCC were evaluated in RCC patients, various cell lines and an orthotopic RCC model. FINDINGS Upregulation of gankyrin expression in RCC was corroborated in two independent cohorts. High gankyrin expression positively associated with disease progression and metastasis of RCC patients. A positive correlation between gankyrin and sunitinib-resistance was also observed in RCC cell lines and in an orthotopic RCC model. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that patients with higher gankyrin expression presented worse prognosis of RCC patients in the two cohorts. Gankyrin served as an independent prognostic factor for RCC patients even after multivariable adjustment by clinical variables. Time-dependent AUC and Harrell's c-index analysis presented that the incorporation of the gankyrin classifier into the current clinical prognostic parameters such as TNM stage, Fuhrman nuclear grade or SSIGN score achieved a greater accuracy than without it in predicting prognosis of RCC patients. All results were confirmed in randomized training and validation sets from the two patient cohorts. INTERPRETATION Gankyrin can serve as a reliable biomarker for disease progression and for prognosis of RCC patients. Combining gankyrin with the current clinical parameters may help patient management. FUND: National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81773154, 81772747 and 81301861), Medical Discipline Construction Project of Pudong New Area Commission of Health and Family Planning (PWYgf2018-03), the Shanghai Medical Guidance (Chinese and Western Medicine) Science and Technology Support Project (No. 17411960200), Outstanding Leaders Training Program of Pudong Health Bureau of Shanghai (No. PWR12016-05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Gongli Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), 219 Miaopu Road, Shanghai 200135, China; Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yan Li
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China; Department of Urinary Surgery, Gongli Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), 219 Miaopu Road, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Chuan-Min Chu
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University (Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital), 700 North Moyu Road, Shanghai 201805, China; Department of Urinary Surgery, Gongli Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), 219 Miaopu Road, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Xiang-Min Zhang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Gongli Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), 219 Miaopu Road, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Gongli Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), 219 Miaopu Road, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Road No. 2, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yu-Ning Wang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Gongli Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), 219 Miaopu Road, Shanghai 200135, China; Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Tian-Yu Hong
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Gongli Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), 219 Miaopu Road, Shanghai 200135, China; Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Gongli Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), 219 Miaopu Road, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Xiu-Wu Pan
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University (Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital), 700 North Moyu Road, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Jing-Cun Zheng
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Gongli Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), 219 Miaopu Road, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Gongli Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), 219 Miaopu Road, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Chuan-Yi Hu
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Gongli Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), 219 Miaopu Road, Shanghai 200135, China.
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York 10065-4805, NY, United States..
| | - Ying-Hao Sun
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Xin-Gang Cui
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Gongli Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), 219 Miaopu Road, Shanghai 200135, China; Department of Urinary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University (Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital), 700 North Moyu Road, Shanghai 201805, China.
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Meina L, Wenya Y, Feng Y, Tao D, Lulu Z. Awareness of and attitudes toward translational medicine among health personnel in hospitals in Shanghai, China. J Int Med Res 2018; 47:438-452. [PMID: 30488749 PMCID: PMC6384456 DOI: 10.1177/0300060518809242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The study aim was to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of hospital health personnel toward translational medicine. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey from July 2013 to September 2013 with a representative sample of 1690 health personnel from 13 large comprehensive or specialized hospitals in Shanghai, China. Results The results showed that awareness of and attitudes toward translational medicine significantly differed by gender, age, highest level of education, profession, and professional rank. Health personnel showed a highly positive attitude toward translational medicine; however, their knowledge of translational medicine was low. Conclusion Effective measures are needed to improve health personnel’s awareness of and attitudes toward translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Meina
- 1 Institute of Military Health Management, CPLA, Faculty of Health Service, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Wenya
- 1 Institute of Military Health Management, CPLA, Faculty of Health Service, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Feng
- 1 Institute of Military Health Management, CPLA, Faculty of Health Service, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,2 No.928th Hospital of PLA, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Ding Tao
- 1 Institute of Military Health Management, CPLA, Faculty of Health Service, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhang Lulu
- 1 Institute of Military Health Management, CPLA, Faculty of Health Service, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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11
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Liu R, Li Y, Tian L, Shi H, Wang J, Liang Y, Sun B, Wang S, Zhou M, Wu L, Nie J, Lin B, Tang S, Zhang Y, Wang G, Zhang C, Han J, Xu B, Liu L, Gong K, Zheng T. Gankyrin drives metabolic reprogramming to promote tumorigenesis, metastasis and drug resistance through activating β-catenin/c-Myc signaling in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2018; 443:34-46. [PMID: 30503555 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Gankyrin plays important roles in tumorigenicity and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We have for the first time investigated the effects of Gankyrin on glycolysis and glutaminolysis both in vitro and in vivo, including in patient-derived xenografts. We reported Gankyrin increases glucose consumption, lactate production, glutamine consumption and glutamate production in HCC through upregulating the expression of the transporters and enzymes involved in glycolysis and glutaminolysis, including HK2, GLUT1, LDHA, PKM2, ASCT2 and GLS1. We further demonstrated that Gankyrin drives glycolysis and glutaminolysis through upregulating c-Myc via activating β-catenin signaling. Importantly, we found c-Myc mediated metabolic reprogramming might contribute to the tumorigenicity, metastasis and drug resistance induced by Gankyrin. c-Myc inhibitor synergizes with Sorafenib or Regorafenib to suppress HCC PDX tumors with high Gankyrin levels. We detected a significant correlation between Gankyrin and β-catenin expression levels in a cohort of HCC biopsies, and combination of these two parameters is a more powerful predictor of poor prognosis. Collectively, our results uncovered that Gankyrin functions as an essential regulator in glycolysis and glutaminolysis via activation of β-catenin/c-Myc to promotes tumorigenesis, metastasis and drug resistance in human HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yuejin Li
- The First Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.
| | - Lantian Tian
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Huawen Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Jiabei Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Yingjian Liang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Boshi Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Shuangjia Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China.
| | - Meng Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Li Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Jianhua Nie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Binlin Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Shuli Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Yanqiao Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Guangyu Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Chunhui Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Jiguang Han
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Benjie Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Lianxin Liu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China; Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China.
| | - Kunmei Gong
- The First Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.
| | - Tongsen Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China; Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China; Department of Phase I Clinical Trials, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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12
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Xu B, Li S, Lv W, Wang Y, Li X, Zhang L, Lin J. Transcriptomic analysis reveals the underlying pro-malignant functions of Gankyrin for colorectal cancer via affecting tumor necrosis factor pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 117:1011-1016. [PMID: 29883699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently increasing evidence had indicated Gankyrin play an important role for the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, its function mechanisms remain unclear. The goal of this study was to further illuminate the roles of Gankyrin in CRC using microarray data. METHODS The microarray data of CRC was extracted from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database under the accession number GSE44029. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the LIMMA method, and then protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to screen crucial genes associated with Gankyrin. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed to investigate the underlying functions of DEGs using DAVID tool. RESULTS A total of 712 genes were identified as DEGs, including 15 upregulated genes and 697 downregulated genes. Go enrichment analysis indicated that Gankyrin was involved in tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway. A PPI network including 586 nodes and 654 edges was constructed, in which BIRC3 and PSMB9 were demonstrated to be the hub genes associated with Gankyrin. CONCLUSION Our present study preliminarily revealed that the pro-malignant effects of Gankyrin in CRC cells may be mediated by affecting TNF signaling pathway via changing the expression of the crucial enriched genes (BIRC3 and PSMB9).
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojin Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Shenglong Li
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Wu Lv
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China.
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13
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Li H, Zhang J, Zhen C, Yang B, Feng L. Gankyrin as a potential target for tumor therapy: evidence and perspectives. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10:1949-1960. [PMID: 30093934 PMCID: PMC6079124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Gankyrin (also known as PSMD10 or p28GANK), engages in diverse biological processes, including cellular growth, proliferation and invasion. Several studies have demonstrated that Gankyrin is a candidate oncogene. In parallel, the dysregulation of Gankyrin has been observered in a variety of human cancer. Overexpression of Gankyrin is involved in tumor initiation and progression by regulating several signaling pathways that control cell-cycle process, cell growth, apoptosis, et al. On the contrary, downregulation of Gankyrin significantly inhibits cell growth, proliferation and metastasis. Therefore, Gankyrin appears to be a potential target for tumor therapy. Herein, this review summarizes the current knowledge in understanding the biological functions and oncogenic role of Gankyrin in human cancers from the perspective of clinical-pathological significances, aiming to provide guidance for the development of Gankyrin-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixai Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100050, China
| | - Junyan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100050, China
| | - Cheng Zhen
- Beijing 302 HospitalBeijing 100039, China
| | - Baojun Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100050, China
| | - Limin Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100050, China
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Yin C, Jia X, Miron RJ, Long Q, Xu H, Wei Y, Wu M, Zhang Y, Li Z. Setd7 and its contribution to Boron-induced bone regeneration in Boron-mesoporous bioactive glass scaffolds. Acta Biomater 2018; 73:522-530. [PMID: 29684621 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Boron (B), a trace element found in the human body, plays an important role for health of bone by promoting the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. Our research group previously fabricated B-mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) scaffolds, which successfully promoted osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts when compared to pure MBG scaffolds without boron. However, the mechanisms of the positive effect of B-MBG scaffolds on osteogenesis remain unknown. Therefore, we performed in-vivo experiments in OVX rat models with pure MBG scaffolds and compared them to B-MBG scaffold. As a result, we found that B-MBG scaffold induced more new bone regeneration compared to pure MBG scaffold and examined genes related to bone regeneration induced by B-MBG scaffold through RNA-seq to obtain target genes and epigenetic mechanisms. The results demonstrated an increased expression and affiliation of Setd7 in the B-MBG group when compared to the MBG group. Immunofluorescent staining from our in vivo samples further demonstrated a higher localization of Setd7 and H3K4me3 in Runx2-positive cells in defects treated with B-MBG scaffolds. KEGG results suggested that specifically Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was highly activated in new bone area associated with B-MBG scaffolds. Thereafter, in vitro studies with human bone marrow stem cells (hBMSCs) stimulated by extracted liquid of B-MBG scaffolds was associated with significantly elevated levels of Setd7, as well as H3K4me3 when compared to MBG scaffolds alone. To verify the role of Setd7 in new bone formation in the presence of Boron, Setd7 was knocked down in hBMSCs with stimulation of the extracted liquids of B-MBG or MBG scaffolds. The result showed that osteoblast differentiation of hBMSCs was inhibited when Setd7 was knocked down, which could not be rescued by the extracted liquids of B-MBG scaffolds confirming its role in osteoblast differentiation and bone regeneration. As a histone methylase, Setd7 may be expected to be a potential epigenetic target for new treatment schemes of osteoporosis. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Boron-containing MBG scaffold has already been proved to promote bone regeneration in femoral defects of OVX rats by our research group, however, the epigenetic mechanism of Boron's positive effects on bone generation remains ill-informed. In our present study, we found an increased expression and affiliation of Setd7 and H3K4me3 in Runx2-positive osteoblasts in vivo. And in vitro, the higher expression of Setd7 enhanced osteogenic differentiation of human BMSCs stimulated by extracted liquids of B-MBG scaffold compared to MBG scaffold, which was associated with the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Above all, it suggests that Setd7 plays an positive role in osteogenic differentiation and it may become a potential epigenetic target for new schemes for osteoporosis.
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15
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Li Y, Huang J, Zeng B, Yang D, Sun J, Yin X, Lu M, Qiu Z, Peng W, Xiang T, Li H, Ren G. PSMD2 regulates breast cancer cell proliferation and cell cycle progression by modulating p21 and p27 proteasomal degradation. Cancer Lett 2018; 430:109-122. [PMID: 29777785 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and UPS-associated proteins have been implicated in the development of many human malignancies. In this study, we investigated the expression profiles of 797 UPS-related genes using HiSeq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and identified that PSMD2 was markedly upregulated in breast cancer. High PSMD2 expression was significantly correlated with poor prognosis. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that transcriptome signatures involving proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis were critically enriched in specimens with elevated PSMD2. Consistently, PSMD2 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation and arrested cell cycle at G0/G1 phase in vitro, as well as suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Rescue assays demonstrated that the cell cycle arrest caused by silencing PSMD2 partially resulted from increased p21 and/or p27. Mechanically, PSMD2 physically interacted with p21 and p27 and mediated their ubiquitin-proteasome degradation with the cooperation of USP14. Notably, intratumor injection of therapeutic PSMD2 small interfering RNA effectively delayed xenograft tumor growth accompanied by p21 and p27 upregulation. These data provide novel insight into the role of PSMD2 in breast cancer and suggest that PSMD2 may be a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhai Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Pneumology Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Beilei Zeng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dejuan Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiazheng Sun
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuedong Yin
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengqi Lu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhu Qiu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weiyan Peng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingxiu Xiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongzhong Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Guosheng Ren
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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16
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Gankyrin sustains PI3K/GSK-3β/β-catenin signal activation and promotes colorectal cancer aggressiveness and progression. Oncotarget 2018; 7:81156-81171. [PMID: 27835604 PMCID: PMC5348383 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
High levels of angiogenesis, metastasis and chemoresistance are major clinical features of colorectal cancer (CRC), a lethal disease with a high incidence worldwide. Aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway contributes to CRC progression. However, little is known about regulatory mechanisms of the β-catenin activity in cancer progression. Here we report that Gankyrin was markedly upregulated in primary tumor tissues from CRC patients and was associated with poor survival. Moreover, we demonstrated that overexpressing Gankyrin promoted, while knockdown of Gankyrin impaired, the aggressive phenotype of proliferation, angiogenesis, chemoresistance and metastasis of CRC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, we found a unique molecular mechanism of Gankyrin in CRC cells signaling transduction, that regulated the cross-talk between PI3K/Akt and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways, sustaining PI3K/GSK-3β/β-catenin signal activation in CRC. Therefore, these findings not only reveal a mechanism that promotes aggressiveness and progression in CRC, but also provide insight into novel molecular targets for antitumor therapy in CRCs.
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Zamani P, Matbou Riahi M, Momtazi-Borojeni AA, Jamialahmadi K. Gankyrin: a novel promising therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 46:1301-1313. [PMID: 29025272 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1388250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is known as fifth common malignancies and third common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The identification of various mechanisms which are involved in hepatocarcinogenesis contributes in finding a variety of cellular and molecular targets for HCC diagnosis, prevention and therapy. Among various identified targets in HCC pathogenesis, Gankyrin is a crucial oncoprotein that is up-regulated in HCC and plays a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of the HCC. Oncogenic role of Gankyrin has been found to stem from inhibition of two ubiquitous tumour suppressor proteins, retinoblastoma protein (pRb) and P53, and also modulation of several vital cellular signalling pathways including Wnt/β-Catenin, NF-κB, STAT3/Akt, IL-1β/IRAK-1 and RhoA/ROCK. As a result, Gankyrin can be considered as a potential candidate for diagnosis and treatment of HCC. In this review, we summarized the physiological function and the significant role of Gankyrin as an important therapeutic target in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Zamani
- a Department of Medical Biotechnology , Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Maryam Matbou Riahi
- a Department of Medical Biotechnology , Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Amir Abbas Momtazi-Borojeni
- b Nanotechnology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran.,c Department of Medical Biotechnology , Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Khadijeh Jamialahmadi
- a Department of Medical Biotechnology , Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran.,d Biotechnology Research Center , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
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Wang C, Cheng L. Gankyrin as a potential therapeutic target for cancer. Invest New Drugs 2017; 35:655-661. [PMID: 28527132 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-017-0474-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gankyrin is an oncoprotein that plays a central role in the development of cancer. Although researchers have increasingly focused on the relationships of gankyrin with carcinogenesis, metastasis and prognosis of different cancers, the molecular mechanisms are still unclear. In recent years, several interacting partners of gankyrin and cell signaling pathways regulated by gankyrin have been elucidated. In addition, accumulating evidence has indicated the contribution of microRNAs to regulating gankyrin expression in tumor cells. In this review, we summarize the major known roles of gankyrin in cancer cells and highlight the potential clinical relevance of targeting gankyrin. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongchong Wang
- Department of Oncology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
| | - Li Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, 678 Fu Rong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, China.
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19
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Voutsadakis IA. Proteasome expression and activity in cancer and cancer stem cells. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:101042831769224. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428317692248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteasome is a multi-protein organelle that participates in cellular proteostasis by destroying damaged or short-lived proteins in an organized manner guided by the ubiquitination signal. By being in a central place in the cellular protein complement homeostasis, proteasome is involved in virtually all cell processes including decisions on cell survival or death, cell cycle, and differentiation. These processes are important also in cancer, and thus, the proteasome is an important regulator of carcinogenesis. Cancers include a variety of cells which, according to the cancer stem cell theory, descend from a small percentage of cancer stem cells, alternatively termed tumor-initiating cells. These cells constitute the subsets that have the ability to propagate the whole variety of cancer and repopulate tumors after cytostatic therapies. Proteasome plays a role in cellular processes in cancer stem cells, but it has been found to have a decreased function in them compared to the rest of cancer cells. This article will discuss the transcriptional regulation of proteasome sub-unit proteins in cancer and in particular cancer stem cells and the relationship of the proteasome with the pluripotency that is the defining characteristic of stem cells. Therapeutic opportunities that present from the understanding of the proteasome role will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis A Voutsadakis
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Sault Area Hospital, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada
- Division of Clinical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON, Canada
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Pei T, Li Y, Wang J, Wang H, Liang Y, Shi H, Sun B, Yin D, Sun J, Song R, Pan S, Sun Y, Jiang H, Zheng T, Liu L. YAP is a critical oncogene in human cholangiocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:17206-20. [PMID: 26015398 PMCID: PMC4627302 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Yes-associated protein (YAP), a transcriptional co-activator, has important regulatory roles in cell signaling and is dysregulated in a number of cancers. However, the role of YAP in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) progression remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that YAP was overexpressed in CCA cells and human specimens. High levels of nuclear YAP (nYAP) correlated with histological differentiation, TNM stage, metastasis and poor prognosis in CCA. Silencing YAP increased tumor sensitivity to chemotherapy and inhibited CCA tumorigenesis and metastasis both in vivo and in vitro. YAP overexpression in vivo and in vitro promoted CCA tumorigenesis and metastasis. Additionally, we found that YAP induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and formed a regulatory circuit with miR-29c, IGF1, AKT and gankyrin to promote the progression of CCA. Results of CCA tissue microarray showed positive correlations between nYAP and gankyrin or p-AKT expression. Combination of nYAP and gankyrin or p-AKT exhibited improved prognostic accuracy for CCA patients. In conclusion, YAP promotes carcinogenesis and metastasis by up-regulating gankyrin through activation of the AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiemin Pei
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuejin Li
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiabei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Huanlai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of General Surgery, Qiqihaer City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qiqihaer, China
| | - Yingjian Liang
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Huawen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Boshi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dalong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ruipeng Song
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shangha Pan
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongchi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tongsen Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lianxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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21
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Qin X, Wang X, Liu F, Morris LE, Wang X, Jiang B, Zhang Y. Gankyrin activates mTORC1 signaling by accelerating TSC2 degradation in colorectal cancer. Cancer Lett 2016; 376:83-94. [PMID: 26975632 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Gankyrin is overexpressed in some malignancies. However its roles in colorectal carcinogenesis and underlying mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Here we report that gankyrin promotes the initiation and development of colorectal carcinogenesis by activating mTORC1 signaling through TSC/Rheb dependent mechanism. We further show that Gankyrin overexpression accelerated TSC2 degradation, while knockdown in a panel of colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines, cell line derived xenografts and CRC patient derived xenograft (PDX) tumors delayed TSC2 degradation, restored the TSC2 protein level, and inhibited mTORC1 signaling and CRC growth. Our findings reveal a unique mechanism by which gankyrin promotes colorectal carcinogenesis and show that gankyrin is a potential therapeutic target to improve the clinical management of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Qin
- Oncology Department, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Oncology Department, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Oncology Department, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China
| | - Laura E Morris
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Bin Jiang
- Oncology Department, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China
| | - Yanjie Zhang
- Oncology Department, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China.
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22
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Gankyrin regulates cell signaling network. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:5675-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4854-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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23
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Clinicopathologic features and prognostic implications of Gankyrin protein expression in non-small cell lung cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2015; 211:939-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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24
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Chen J, Bai M, Ning C, Xie B, Zhang J, Liao H, Xiong J, Tao X, Yan D, Xi X, Chen X, Yu Y, Bast RC, Zhang Z, Feng Y, Zheng W. Gankyrin facilitates follicle-stimulating hormone-driven ovarian cancer cell proliferation through the PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α/cyclin D1 pathway. Oncogene 2015; 35:2506-17. [PMID: 26364616 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gankyrin is a regulatory subunit of the 26kD proteasome complex. As a novel oncoprotein, gankyrin is expressed aberrantly in cancers from several different sites and has been shown to contribute to oncogenesis in endometrial and cervical carcinomas. Neither gankyrin's contribution to the development of epithelial ovarian cancer nor its interaction with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-driven proliferation in ovarian cancer has been studied. Here we have found that gankyrin is overexpressed in ovarian cancers compared with benign ovarian cystadenomas and that gankyrin regulates FSH upregulation of cyclin D1. Importantly, gankyrin regulates PI3K/AKT signaling by downregulating PTEN. Prolonged AKT activation by FSH stimulation of the FSH receptor (FSHR) promotes gankyrin expression, which, in turn, enhances AKT activation by inhibiting PTEN. Overexpression of gankyrin decreases hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) protein levels, but has little effect on HIF-1α mRNA levels, which could be attributed to gankyrin mediating HIF-1α protein stability via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Reduction in HIF-1α protein stability led to attenuation of the binding with cyclin D1 promoter, resulted in abolishment of the negative regulation of cyclin D1 by HIF-1α, which promotes proliferation of ovarian cancer cells. Our results document that gankyrin regulates HIF-1α protein stability and cyclin D1 expression, ultimately mediating FSH-driven ovarian cancer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - M Bai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - C Ning
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - B Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - H Liao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - J Xiong
- Department of Neuropathology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - X Tao
- Department of Pathology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - D Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - X Xi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - X Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Yu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Experimental Therapeutics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R C Bast
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Z Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - W Zheng
- Department of Pathology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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25
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Hwang JA, Yang HM, Hong DP, Joo SY, Choi YL, Park JH, Lazar AJ, Pollock RE, Lev D, Kim SJ. Gankyrin is a predictive and oncogenic factor in well-differentiated and dedifferentiated liposarcoma. Oncotarget 2015; 5:9065-78. [PMID: 25238053 PMCID: PMC4253419 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposarcoma is one of the most common histologic types of soft tissue sarcoma and is frequently an aggressive cancer with poor outcome. Hence, alternative approaches other than surgical excision are necessary to improve treatment of well-differentiated/dedifferentiated liposarcoma (WDLPS/DDLPS). For this reason, we performed a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) analysis to identify new factors for WDLPS and DDLPS. Among the selected candidate proteins, gankyrin, known to be an oncoprotein, showed a significantly high level of expression pattern and inversely low expression of p53/p21 in WDLPS and DDLPS tissues, suggesting possible utility as a new predictive factor. Moreover, inhibition of gankyrin not only led to reduction of in vitro cell growth ability including cell proliferation, colony-formation, and migration, but also in vivo DDLPS cell tumorigenesis, perhaps via downregulation of the p53 tumor suppressor gene and its p21 target and also reduction of AKT/mTOR signal activation. This study identifies gankyrin, for the first time, as new potential predictive and oncogenic factor of WDLPS and DDLPS, suggesting the potential for service as a future LPS therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Ae Hwang
- Transplantation Research Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Department of Biology, Changwon National University, Changwon, Kyungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung-Mo Yang
- Transplantation Research Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo-Pyo Hong
- Transplantation Research Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Yeon Joo
- Transplantation Research Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University
| | - Yoon-La Choi
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hung Park
- Department of Biology, Changwon National University, Changwon, Kyungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Alexander J Lazar
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Raphael E Pollock
- Division of Surgical Oncology, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dina Lev
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sung Joo Kim
- Transplantation Research Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Sarcoma Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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26
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Zhang C, Yuan X, Zhang Y. The co-expression of GPER and Gankyrin in ovarian endometriosis and its correlation with the rASRM stages. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2015; 293:133-141. [PMID: 26193952 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-015-3807-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the expression of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) and Gankyrin in ovarian endometriosis, analyze their clinicopathological significance, and investigate their correlation. METHODS Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were performed to testify mRNA and protein expression of GPER and Gankyrin in ovarian endometriosis. Immunohistochemical staining (streptavidin-peroxidase method) was conducted to determine the expression and distribution of GPER and Gankyrin protein in matched ectopic and eutopic endometrium of endometriosis and normal endometrium. We also investigated their associations with rASRM stages and the correlation between the two proteins. RESULTS GPER and Gankyrin were found overexpressed in ectopic endometrium of endometriosis compared with either its eutopic counterpart or endometrium from normal patients. The immunohistochemical analysis also revealed that higher expression was observed in eutopic endometrium with or without endometriosis during proliferative phase in comparison to secretory phase. These two proteins were positively correlated with the stages of endometriosis. Moreover, a significant positive correlation was found between GPER and Gankyrin both in ectopic and eutopic endometrium of the ovarian endometriosis. CONCLUSION GPER and Gankyrin might be implicated in the hormonal regulation of endometriosis and be associated with the severity of endometriosis. In addition, GPER and Gankyrin were found to be positively correlated, which could possibly serve as novel therapeutic targets for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiying Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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27
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Chen YJ, Wu H, Shen XZ. The ubiquitin-proteasome system and its potential application in hepatocellular carcinoma therapy. Cancer Lett 2015; 379:245-52. [PMID: 26193663 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a complicated tightly controlled system in charge of degrading 80-90% of proteins, and is central to regulating cellular function and keeping protein homeostasis. Therefore, the components of UPS attract considerable attention as potential targets for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) therapy. The clinical success of bortezomib in multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma patients has set the precedent for therapeutically targeting this pathway. This review will provide an overview of the UPS in HCC and the current status of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xi-Zhong Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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28
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Liu Y, Cao L, Chen R, Zhou X, Fan X, Liang Y, Jia R, Wang H, Liu G, Guo Y, Zhao J. Osteopontin Promotes Hepatic Progenitor Cell Expansion and Tumorigenicity via Activation of β-Catenin in Mice. Stem Cells 2015; 33:3569-80. [PMID: 26033745 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Upregulation of osteopontin (OPN) has been found in hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) in several liver diseases with portal biliary proliferation. Here, we investigated the role of HPC-derived autocrine OPN in regulating HPC expansion, migration, and hepatocarcinogenesis in mice. Five-week-old, weighing between 18 and 20 g of either wild type (WT) or OPN gene knockout (OPN-KO) male mice were treated with modified choline-deficient, ethionine-supplemented diet (modified choline-deficient [MCDE]) for 2 weeks to induce HPC production, or 6-12 months to induce tumorigenesis. Epithelial cell adhesion molecule EpCAM(+) CD45(-) cells isolated from mouse liver and liver epithelial progenitor cells were used for in vitro study. OPN was blocked by specific antibody or RNAi-mediated silence to investigate the role of OPN. To evaluate correlation between OPN expression and β-catenin activity, expressions of OPN and β-catenin were assessed in human liver cancer specimens. We found autocrine OPN promotes HPC expansion and migration by decreasing membranous E-cadherin and increasing free cytoplasmic β-catenin via binding to αv integrin and activating Src activity. Depletion of OPN significantly attenuated MCDE-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Clinical evidence revealed a strong correlation of high OPN expression with cytoplasmic/nuclear expression of β-catenin in 43 cases of human combined hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma and mixed intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and 80 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma. Our results indicate that autocrine OPN plays a crucial role in HPC expansion, migration, and subsequent oncogenic transformation of HPCs, which may provide a new insight into hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Liu
- International Joint Cancer Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Cao
- International Joint Cancer Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Immunology Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Chen
- International Joint Cancer Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuyu Zhou
- Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Fan
- International Joint Cancer Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingchao Liang
- International Joint Cancer Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongjie Jia
- International Joint Cancer Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- International Joint Cancer Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoke Liu
- International Joint Cancer Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajun Guo
- International Joint Cancer Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,PLA General Hospital Cancer Center, PLA postgraduate School of Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering and Antibody, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhao
- International Joint Cancer Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,PLA General Hospital Cancer Center, PLA postgraduate School of Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering and Antibody, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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29
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Yang GZ, Hu L, Cai J, Chen HY, Zhang Y, Feng D, Qi CY, Zhai YX, Gong H, Fu H, Cai QP, Gao CF. Prognostic value of carbonic anhydrase VII expression in colorectal carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:209. [PMID: 25885898 PMCID: PMC4406128 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1216-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of human cancers. Carbonic anhydrase VII (CA7), a member of the CA gene family, was recently demonstrated to be expressed in several human tissues including colon. Nevertheless, the expression and clinical relevance of CA7 in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) has not been investigated. METHODS Real-time PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry analyses were used to determine CA7 expression in CRC clinical samples. The correlation of CA7 expression with clinicopathologic features was assessed in 228 patients from Luoyang, China (training cohort) and validated in 151 patients from Shanghai, China (validation cohort). Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional regression analyses were used to estimate the association between CA7 expression and patients' survival. RESULTS CA7 expression was frequently downregulated in CRC tissues at both the mRNA and protein levels. Reduced expression of CA7 was significantly correlated with poor differentiation, positive lymph node metastasis, advanced TNM stage and unfavorable clinical outcome not only in the training cohort but also in the validation set. Survival analysis indicated that patients with lower CA7 expression had a significantly shorter disease-specific survival (DSS) than those with higher CA7 expression. Importantly, further stage-based analyses revealed that decreased CA7 expression significantly predicted poor DSS and was an independent adverse prognostic indicator for patients with early stage tumors in both cohorts. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that decreased expression of CA7 correlates with disease progression and predicts poor prognosis in CRC, especially for patients with early stage tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Zhen Yang
- Anal-Colorectal Surgery Institute, 150th Hospital of PLA, Luoyang, China. .,Department of Clinical Laboratory, 150th Hospital of PLA, Luoyang, China.
| | - Liang Hu
- Anal-Colorectal Surgery Institute, 150th Hospital of PLA, Luoyang, China.
| | - Jian Cai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, 150th Hospital of PLA, Luoyang, China.
| | - Hai-Yang Chen
- Department of Oncology, 150th Hospital of PLA, Luoyang, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Anal-Colorectal Surgery Institute, 150th Hospital of PLA, Luoyang, China.
| | - Dan Feng
- Department of Oncology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chen-Ye Qi
- Anal-Colorectal Surgery Institute, 150th Hospital of PLA, Luoyang, China.
| | - Yan-Xia Zhai
- Anal-Colorectal Surgery Institute, 150th Hospital of PLA, Luoyang, China.
| | - Hui Gong
- Anal-Colorectal Surgery Institute, 150th Hospital of PLA, Luoyang, China.
| | - Hao Fu
- Anal-Colorectal Surgery Institute, 150th Hospital of PLA, Luoyang, China.
| | - Qing-Ping Cai
- Department of Gastrointestine Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chun-Fang Gao
- Anal-Colorectal Surgery Institute, 150th Hospital of PLA, Luoyang, China.
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30
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The Complex Relationship between Liver Cancer and the Cell Cycle: A Story of Multiple Regulations. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:79-111. [PMID: 24419005 PMCID: PMC3980619 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver acts as a hub for metabolic reactions to keep a homeostatic balance during development and growth. The process of liver cancer development, although poorly understood, is related to different etiologic factors like toxins, alcohol, or viral infection. At the molecular level, liver cancer is characterized by a disruption of cell cycle regulation through many molecular mechanisms. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms underlying the lack of regulation of the cell cycle during liver cancer, focusing mainly on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We also provide a brief summary of novel therapies connected to cell cycle regulation.
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31
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Gao L, Xie H, Dong L, Zou J, Fu J, Gao X, Ou L, Xiang S, Song H. Gankyrin is essential for hypoxia enhanced metastatic potential in breast cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2013; 9:1032-6. [PMID: 24337075 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia, a critical regulator of tumor growth and metastasis, induces the transcriptional activation of several pathways involved in proliferation, migration and invasion. Gankyrin was found to be overexpressed, and also promoted the metastasis in breast cancer cells, which is also involved in the regulation of hypoxia inducible factor‑1 and hypoxia‑inducible factor‑1α. The present study showed that gankyrin mRNA and protein expression were increased under hypoxic conditions in the BT474 breast cancer cell line, accompanied with increased ability of cell migration and invasion. Lentivirus‑mediated siRNA targeting gankyrin was transfected into BT474 cells. Wound‑healing and transwell experiments showed that gankyrin deletion abrogated the increased migration and invasion of BT474 cells due to hypoxia. In addition, E‑cadherin was found to be involved in the gankyrin induced invasion of breast cancer cells due to hypoxia. The present study indicated that gankyrin deletion abrogated the increased metastatic potential of breast cancer cells under hypoxic conditions partly through regulating E‑cadherin, suggesting that an improved understanding of gankyrin may offer a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of human breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liucun Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Huahong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Lihou Dong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jia Zou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jie Fu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lun Ou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Shensi Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Haifeng Song
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
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Mine H, Sakurai T, Kashida H, Matsui S, Nishida N, Nagai T, Hagiwara S, Watanabe T, Kudo M. Association of gankyrin and stemness factor expression in human colorectal cancer. Dig Dis Sci 2013; 58:2337-44. [PMID: 23508981 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-013-2627-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is widely accepted that the adenoma-carcinoma sequence represents the process by which most colorectal cancers (CRCs) arise. Although gankyrin is overexpressed in CRC tissues, its roles in the initiation step of colorectal carcinogenesis remain largely unexplored. AIM We investigated the expression of gankyrin and stemness factors in human colorectal adenomas, precancerous lesions, as well as CRC tissues to assess its involvement in colorectal carcinogenesis. METHODS Expression of several molecules including gankyrin and certain stemness factors was compared in 50 pairs of adenoma and surrounding normal mucosa using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and in 30 CRC tissues using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In CRC specimens, expression of CD133, a cancer stem cell marker, was significantly correlated with gankyrin expression. Gankyrin knockdown decreased the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and stemness factors such as Nanog and Oct-4 in colorectal cancer cells. Expression of gankyrin and these stemness factors was significantly higher in adenomas than in the surrounding normal mucosa. Importantly, a significant correlation was observed between the expression of gankyrin, VEGF, and Nanog in colorectal adenomas. CONCLUSION In CRC development, gankyrin would control stem cell behavior by regulating the expression of stemness factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromasa Mine
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kinki University, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
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Bai Z, Tai Y, Li W, Zhen C, Gu W, Jian Z, Wang Q, Lin JE, Zhao Q, Gong W, Liang B, Wang C, Zhou T. Gankyrin Activates IL-8 to Promote Hepatic Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Res 2013; 73:4548-58. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-4586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Li G, Miao R, Zhao H. Progression and prospects of translational medicine in China. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2012; 55:1022-5. [PMID: 23124796 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-012-4397-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangbing Li
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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MiR-26a regulates cell cycle and anoikis of human esophageal adenocarcinoma cells through Rb1-E2F1 signaling pathway. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 40:1711-20. [PMID: 23108995 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2222-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to anoikis, the subtype of apoptosis induced by lack of matrix adhesion, contributes to malignant transformation and development of metastasis. MicroRNAs play key regulatory roles in tumorigenesis and metastasis. In this study, we described that miR-26a, which is usually downregulated in tumor cells, is involved in the acquisition of anoikis-resistance of human esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) cells. Results of qRT-PCR in clinical samples showed that downregulated miR-26a expression is related to tumorigenesis and metastasis of EA. In vitro experiments determined that miR-26a directly participates in the regulation of cell cycle and anoikis of human EA OE33 cells. Further, we identified that Rb1 is the direct functional target of miR-26a, and revealed that the reduction of miR-26a expression leads to increased Rb1 protein level and thus inhibits the function of E2F1, by which it influences the phenotypes of cell cycle and anoikis. The findings we reported here presented the evidence that miR-26a may be involved in regulation of anoikis-resistance of EA cells. Targeting miR-26a may provide a novel strategy to inhibit metastasis.
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Zhang J. Translational medicine in China. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2012; 55:834-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-012-4373-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Luo X, Chen L, Dai J, Gao Y, Wang H, Wang N, Zhao Y, Liu F, Sang Z, Wang J, Li W, He K, Jin B, Man J, Zhang W, Xia Q. Gankyrin gene deletion followed by proteomic analysis: insight into the roles of Gankyrin in tumorigenesis and metastasis. BMC Med Genomics 2012; 5:36. [PMID: 22913272 PMCID: PMC3443413 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-5-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gankyrin was originally purified and characterized as the p28 component of the 26S proteasome, and later identified as an oncogenic protein in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). It has recently been found to be highly expressed in several other malignancies, and compelling evidence show gankyrin plays important roles in tumorigenesis. However, its mechanism of action remains unclear. Methods In order to further clarify the functions of gankyrin and better understand its molecular mechanisms, we generated a gankyrin null cell line, HCT116 gankyrin−/− , by targeted homologous recombination in human colon cancer cells, and then employed two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) based proteomic approaches followed by MS identification to investigate alterations in the proteome due to the gankyrin knockout. Western blot and qRT-PCR assays were also used to examine the protein and mRNA levels of some identified proteins. Results Compared with wild-type control cells, gankyrin null cells were impaired in terms of their proliferation, migration and anchorage-independent growth. A total of 21 altered proteins were identified, which included 18 proteins that had not previously been reported to be related to gankyrin. Notably, eight metastasis-related proteins were identified. Western blot analyses confirmed that the changes in three examined proteins were consistent with 2-DE gel analysis. Conclusions In summary, we have generated a useful cell tool to clarify the functions of gankyrin. Our proteomic data provide novel information to better understand the roles and underlying mechanisms by which gankyrin is involved in tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Luo
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
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Qian YW, Chen Y, Yang W, Fu J, Cao J, Ren YB, Zhu JJ, Su B, Luo T, Zhao XF, Dai RY, Li JJ, Sun W, Wu MC, Feng GS, Wang HY. p28(GANK) prevents degradation of Oct4 and promotes expansion of tumor-initiating cells in hepatocarcinogenesis. Gastroenterology 2012; 142:1547-58.e14. [PMID: 22387393 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is believed to arise from tumor-initiating cells (T-ICs), although little is known about their stem cell-like properties. METHODS We quantified levels of p28(GANK) (Gankyrin), OV6, and Oct4 in 130 human HCC samples using immunohistochemistry. Magnetic-activated cell sorting was used to isolate OV6+ HCC cells. T-IC properties were evaluated by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry, and spheroid formation. We used a coimmunoprecipitation assay to study interactions among p28(GANK), Oct4, and WWP2. Tumorigenicity and pulmonary metastasis were examined in nonobese diabetic and severe combined immunodeficient mice. RESULTS In HCC samples, high levels of p28(GANK) correlated with expansion of OV6+ tumor cells; the combination of high levels of p28(GANK) and OV6 was associated with progression of HCC. p28(GANK) was predominantly expressed in liver T-ICs, isolated by magnetic sorting, and undifferentiated primary HCC spheroids. Increased levels of p28(GANK) in T-ICs increased their percentages in HCC samples, expression of stem cell genes, self-renewal potential, chemoresistance in vitro, and tumorigenicity and ability to develop into pulmonary metastases in mice. Conversely, knockdown of p28(GANK) reduced their T-IC properties. p28(GANK) likely activates liver T-ICs by impeding ubiquitination and degradation of the transcription factor Oct4 by WWP2. In support of this concept, levels of p28(GANK) correlated with those of Oct4 in HCC samples. CONCLUSIONS p28(GANK) activates and maintains liver T-ICs in HCCs by preventing degradation of Oct4. Inhibitors of p28(GANK) might therefore be developed to inactivate T-ICs and slow tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Wen Qian
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute/Hospital, Shanghai, China
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