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Bao X, Chi J, Zhu Y, Yang M, Du J, Tang Z, Xu X, Mao G, Wu Z, Chen J, Hua J, Xu T, Liu SB. High FAAP24 expression reveals poor prognosis and an immunosuppressive microenvironment shaping in AML. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:117. [PMID: 37328842 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02937-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a core member of the FA complex, in the Fanconi anemia pathway, FAAP24 plays an important role in DNA damage repair. However, the association between FAAP24 and patient prognosis in AML and immune infiltration remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore its expression characteristics, immune infiltration pattern, prognostic value and biological function using TCGA-AML and to verify it in the Beat AML cohort. METHODS In this study, we examined the expression and prognostic value of FAAP24 across cancers using data from TCGA, TARGET, GTEx, and GEPIA2. To further investigate the prognosis in AML, development and validation of a nomogram containing FAAP24 were performed. GO/KEGG, ssGSEA, GSVA and xCell were utilized to explore the functional enrichment and immunological features of FAAP24 in AML. Drug sensitivity analysis used data from the CellMiner website, and the results were confirmed in vitro. RESULTS Integrated analysis of the TCGA, TARGET and GTEx databases showed that FAAP24 is upregulated in AML; meanwhile, high FAAP24 expression was associated with poor prognosis according to GEPIA2. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that FAAP24 is implicated in pathways involved in DNA damage repair, the cell cycle and cancer. Components of the immune microenvironment using xCell indicate that FAAP24 shapes an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) in AML, which helps to promote AML progression. Drug sensitivity analysis showed a significant correlation between high FAAP24 expression and chelerythrine resistance. In conclusion, FAAP24 could serve as a novel prognostic biomarker and play an immunomodulatory role in AML. CONCLUSIONS In summary, FAAP24 is a promising prognostic biomarker in AML that requires further exploration and confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiebing Bao
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Jingyun Chi
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Suzhou Vocational Health College, 28 Kehua Road, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Yiwei Zhu
- Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Minfeng Yang
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Jiahui Du
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Suzhou Vocational Health College, 28 Kehua Road, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Zaixiang Tang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiaogang Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics & Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Genxiang Mao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics & Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhibing Wu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics & Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jingsheng Hua
- Department of Hematology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China.
| | - Ting Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - Song-Bai Liu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Suzhou Vocational Health College, 28 Kehua Road, Suzhou, 215009, China.
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Faridounnia M, Folkers GE, Boelens R. Function and Interactions of ERCC1-XPF in DNA Damage Response. Molecules 2018; 23:E3205. [PMID: 30563071 PMCID: PMC6320978 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous proteins are involved in the multiple pathways of the DNA damage response network and play a key role to protect the genome from the wide variety of damages that can occur to DNA. An example of this is the structure-specific endonuclease ERCC1-XPF. This heterodimeric complex is in particular involved in nucleotide excision repair (NER), but also in double strand break repair and interstrand cross-link repair pathways. Here we review the function of ERCC1-XPF in various DNA repair pathways and discuss human disorders associated with ERCC1-XPF deficiency. We also overview our molecular and structural understanding of XPF-ERCC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Faridounnia
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Gert E Folkers
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Rolf Boelens
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Kasak L, Punab M, Nagirnaja L, Grigorova M, Minajeva A, Lopes AM, Punab AM, Aston KI, Carvalho F, Laasik E, Smith LB, Conrad DF, Laan M, Laan M. Bi-allelic Recessive Loss-of-Function Variants in FANCM Cause Non-obstructive Azoospermia. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 103:200-212. [PMID: 30075111 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Infertility affects around 7% of men worldwide. Idiopathic non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) is defined as the absence of spermatozoa in the ejaculate due to failed spermatogenesis. There is a high probability that NOA is caused by rare genetic defects. In this study, whole-exome sequencing (WES) was applied to two Estonian brothers diagnosed with NOA and Sertoli cell-only syndrome (SCOS). Compound heterozygous loss-of-function (LoF) variants in FANCM (Fanconi anemia complementation group M) were detected as the most likely cause for their condition. A rare maternally inherited frameshift variant p.Gln498Thrfs∗7 (rs761250416) and a previously undescribed splicing variant (c.4387-10A>G) derived from the father introduce a premature STOP codon leading to a truncated protein. FANCM exhibits enhanced testicular expression. In control subjects, immunohistochemical staining localized FANCM to the Sertoli and spermatogenic cells of seminiferous tubules with increasing intensity through germ cell development. This is consistent with its role in maintaining genomic stability in meiosis and mitosis. In the individual with SCOS carrying bi-allelic FANCM LoF variants, none or only faint expression was detected in the Sertoli cells. As further evidence, we detected two additional NOA-affected case subjects with independent FANCM homozygous nonsense variants, one from Estonia (p.Gln1701∗; rs147021911) and another from Portugal (p.Arg1931∗; rs144567652). The study convincingly demonstrates that bi-allelic recessive LoF variants in FANCM cause azoospermia. FANCM pathogenic variants have also been linked with doubled risk of familial breast and ovarian cancer, providing an example mechanism for the association between infertility and cancer risk, supported by published data on Fancm mutant mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maris Laan
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia.
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The concerted roles of FANCM and Rad52 in the protection of common fragile sites. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2791. [PMID: 30022024 PMCID: PMC6052092 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05066-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Common fragile sites (CFSs) are prone to chromosomal breakage and are hotspots for chromosomal rearrangements in cancer cells. We uncovered a novel function of Fanconi anemia (FA) protein FANCM in the protection of CFSs that is independent of the FA core complex and the FANCI–FANCD2 complex. FANCM, along with its binding partners FAAP24 and MHF1/2, is recruited to CFS-derived structure-prone AT-rich sequences, where it suppresses DNA double-strand break (DSB) formation and mitotic recombination in a manner dependent on FANCM translocase activity. Interestingly, we also identified an indispensable function of Rad52 in the repair of DSBs at CFS-derived AT-rich sequences, despite its nonessential function in general homologous recombination (HR) in mammalian cells. Suppression of Rad52 expression in combination with FANCM knockout drastically reduces cell and tumor growth, suggesting a synthetic lethality interaction between these two genes, which offers a potential targeted treatment strategy for FANCM-deficient tumors with Rad52 inhibition. Fanconi anemia core proteins have been linked to common fragile site stability. Here the authors shed light into the role of FANCM in common fragile site protection by suppressing double-strand break formation and mitotic recombination.
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Daschkey S, Bienemann K, Schuster V, Kreth HW, Linka RM, Hönscheid A, Fritz G, Johannes C, Fleckenstein B, Kempkes B, Gombert M, Ginzel S, Borkhardt A. Fatal Lymphoproliferative Disease in Two Siblings Lacking Functional FAAP24. J Clin Immunol 2016; 36:684-92. [PMID: 27473539 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-016-0317-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary defects in several genes have been shown to disturb the normal immune response to EBV and to give rise to severe EBV-induced lymphoproliferation in the recent years. Nevertheless, in many patients, the molecular basis of fatal EBV infection still remains unclear. The Fanconi anemia-associated protein 24 (FAAP24) plays a dual role in DNA repair. By association with FANCM as component of the FA core complex, it recruits the FA core complex to damaged DNA. Additionally, FAAP24 has been shown to evoke ATR-mediated checkpoint responses independently of the FA core complex. By whole exome sequencing, we identified a homozygous missense mutation in the FAAP24 gene (cC635T, pT212M) in two siblings of a consanguineous Turkish family who died from an EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disease after infection with a variant EBV strain, expressing a previously unknown EBNA2 allele.In order to analyze the functionality of the variant FAAP24 allele, we used herpes virus saimiri-transformed patient T cells to test endogenous cellular FAAP24 functions that are known to be important in DNA damage control. We saw an impaired FANCD2 monoubiquitination as well as delayed checkpoint responses, especially affecting CHK1 phosphorylation in patient samples in comparison to healthy controls. The phenotype of this FAAP24 mutation might have been further accelerated by an EBV strain that harbors an EBNA2 allele with enhanced activities compared to the prototype laboratory strain B95.8. This is the first report of an FAAP24 loss of function mutation found in human patients with EBV-associated lymphoproliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Daschkey
- Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kirsten Bienemann
- Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Volker Schuster
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - René Martin Linka
- Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andrea Hönscheid
- Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gerhard Fritz
- Insitute of Toxicology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Johannes
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, Biological Faculty, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Fleckenstein
- Virological Institute, Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Clinic Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bettina Kempkes
- Department of Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Gombert
- Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ginzel
- Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Arndt Borkhardt
- Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Huang Y, Leung JWC, Lowery M, Matsushita N, Wang Y, Shen X, Huong D, Takata M, Chen J, Li L. Modularized functions of the Fanconi anemia core complex. Cell Rep 2014; 7:1849-57. [PMID: 24910428 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fanconi anemia (FA) core complex provides the essential E3 ligase function for spatially defined FANCD2 ubiquitination and FA pathway activation. Of the seven FA gene products forming the core complex, FANCL possesses a RING domain with demonstrated E3 ligase activity. The other six components do not have clearly defined roles. Through epistasis analyses, we identify three functional modules in the FA core complex: a catalytic module consisting of FANCL, FANCB, and FAAP100 is absolutely required for the E3 ligase function, and the FANCA-FANCG-FAAP20 and the FANCC-FANCE-FANCF modules provide nonredundant and ancillary functions that help the catalytic module bind chromatin or sites of DNA damage. Disruption of the catalytic module causes complete loss of the core complex function, whereas loss of any ancillary module component does not. Our work reveals the roles of several FA gene products with previously undefined functions and a modularized assembly of the FA core complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Huang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Justin W C Leung
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Megan Lowery
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nobuko Matsushita
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, School of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yucai Wang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xi Shen
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Do Huong
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Minoru Takata
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Signaling, Department of Late Effect Studies, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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