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Kalligosfyri PM, Tragoulias SS, Tsikas P, Lamprou E, Christopoulos TK, Kalogianni DP. Design and Validation of a Three-Dimensional Printer-Based System Enabling Rapid, Low-Cost Construction of the Biosensing Areas of Lateral Flow Devices for Immunoassays and Nucleic Acid Assays. Anal Chem 2024; 96:572-580. [PMID: 38150187 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic proved the great usefulness of lateral flow tests as self- and rapid tests. The rapid expansion of this field requires the design and validation of novel, affordable, and versatile technologies for the easy fabrication of a variety of lateral flow devices. In the present work, we have developed a new, simple, and cost-effective system for the dispensing of reagents on the membranes of lateral flow devices to be used for research purposes. The 3D printing technology is integrated, for the first time, with simple and inexpensive tools such as a technical pen and disposable pipet tips for the construction of the test and the control areas of the devices. We also used this system for the automated fabrication of spots on the membrane for multiplex analysis. The devices were applied for the detection of proteins/antibodies and single- and double-stranded DNA targets. Also, devices with multiple biosensing areas on the membrane were constructed for the simultaneous detection of different analytes. The proposed system is very simple, automated, and inexpensive and has provided rapid and reproducible construction of lateral flow devices. Compared to a commercially available automated dispenser, the devices showed similar detection capabilities and reproducibility in various real samples. Moreover, contrary to the existing dispensers, the proposed system does not require any gas or costly precision pumps and syringes for the deposition. In conclusion, the developed 3D printer-based system could be an extremely useful alternative for research laboratories for the construction of lateral flow devices of various assay configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota M Kalligosfyri
- Analytical/Bioanalytical Chemistry & Nanotechnology Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR26504, Rio, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Sotirios S Tragoulias
- Analytical/Bioanalytical Chemistry & Nanotechnology Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR26504, Rio, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Tsikas
- Analytical/Bioanalytical Chemistry & Nanotechnology Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR26504, Rio, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Eleni Lamprou
- Analytical/Bioanalytical Chemistry & Nanotechnology Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR26504, Rio, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Theodore K Christopoulos
- Analytical/Bioanalytical Chemistry & Nanotechnology Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR26504, Rio, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Despina P Kalogianni
- Analytical/Bioanalytical Chemistry & Nanotechnology Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR26504, Rio, 26504 Patras, Greece
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R NV, G H T, R DV, M H, H H, N S. Lateral Flow Genochromatographic Strip for Naked-Eye Detection of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis PCR Products with Gold Nanoparticles as a Reporter. J Biomed Phys Eng 2020; 10:307-318. [PMID: 32637375 PMCID: PMC7321395 DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.1912-1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is a pathogen causing tuberculosis (TB) in human, and TB can cause enormous social and economic disruptions. Lateral flow test strips (LFTSs) are inexpensive, portable, disposable, rapid, and easy-to-use analytical tools. Objective LFTSs were prepared for the detection of MTB. LFTSs were fabricated using a new specific probe for MTB H37Rv, based on IS6110 sequence gene, and tailed with poly deoxyadenine (dA). Material and Methods In this experimental study, to create test and control zones, streptavidin (STP) and a 150-mer dA were dotted on a nitrocellolose membrane. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) were conjugated with poly deoxythymidine sequence and placed on the conjugate pad. The composition of immersion buffers for sample pad and conjugate pad, running solution, solutions of GNPs-S-dT150 and STP were introduced. DNA genome of MTB and Mycobacterium bovis in clinical samples was amplified with PCR, and then detected by the LFTSs. During the assay, samples were firstly hybridized in two steps and then placed on a conjugate pad in a manner that positive and negative samples provided two and one red lines, respectively, on the detection pad. Results After PCR reaction with biotinylated primer, hybridization process with specific MTB probe-dA70-100 toke 10 min, and running process on the strip was performed within 5 min. Conclusion We showed that LFTS can discriminate a particular bacteria strain from others. The LFTSs can be redesigned for detection of other pathogenic genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazari-Vanani R
- MSc, Nanomedicine and Nanobiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tondro G H
- MSc, Nanomedicine and Nanobiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Dehdari Vais R
- MSc, Nanomedicine and Nanobiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Haghkhah M
- PhD, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Heli H
- PhD, Nanomedicine and Nanobiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sattarahmady N
- PhD, Nanomedicine and Nanobiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- PhD, Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Zhang S, Cai Y, Zhang J, Liu X, He L, Cheng L, Hua K, Hui W, Zhu J, Wan Y, Cui Y. Tetra-primer ARMS-PCR combined with GoldMag lateral flow assay for genotyping: simultaneous visual detection of both alleles. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:10098-10105. [PMID: 32350488 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr00360c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and simple detection of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is vital for individualized diagnosis and eventual treatment in the current clinical setting. In this study, we developed a tetra-primer ARMS-PCR combined lateral flow assay (T-ARMS-PCR-LFA) method for simultaneous visual detection of two alleles. By using four primers labeled with digoxin, biotin and Cy5 separately in one PCR reaction, the amplified allele-specific products could be captured by streptavidin and the anti-Cy5 antibody on two separated test lines of a LFA strip, which allows the presentation of both alleles within the single LFA strip. Both DNA and whole blood can be used as templates in this genotyping method in which the whole detection process is completed within 75 minutes. The performance assay of T-ARMS-PCR-LFA demonstrates the accuracy, specificity and sensitivity of this method. One hundred human whole blood samples were used for MTHFR C677T genotyping in T-ARMS-PCR-LFA. The concordance rate of the results detected was up to 100% when compared with that of the sequencing results. Collectively, this newly developed method is highly applicable for SNP screening in clinical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
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Toubanaki DK, Karagouni E. Towards a Dual Lateral Flow Nanobiosensor for Simultaneous Detection of Virus Genotype-Specific PCR Products. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2018; 2018:7691014. [PMID: 29675287 PMCID: PMC5838496 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7691014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nervous necrosis virus (nodavirus) has been responsible for mass mortalities in aquaculture industry worldwide, with great economic and environmental impact. A rapid low-cost test to identify nodavirus genotype could have important benefits for vaccine and diagnostic applications in small- and medium-scale laboratories in both academia and fish farming industry. A dual lateral flow biosensor for simultaneous detection of the most prevalent nodavirus genotypes (RGNNV and SJNNV) was developed and optimized. The dual biosensor consisted of two antibody-based test zones, indicative of each genotype, and a control zone. The positive signals were visualized by gold nanoparticles functionalized with anti-biotin antibody, and the detection was completed within 20 min. Optimization studies included antibody type and amount determination for test zone construction, gold nanoparticle conjugate type selection for high signal generation, and detection assay parameter determination. Following optimization, the biosensor was evaluated with healthy and RGNNV-nodavirus-infected fish samples. The proposed assay's cost was estimated to be less than 3 €, including the required reagents and biosensor. This work presents important steps towards making a dual lateral flow biosensor for nodavirus genotyping; further evaluation with clinical samples is needed before the test is appropriate for diagnostic kit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra K. Toubanaki
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vas. Sofias Ave., 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Evdokia Karagouni
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vas. Sofias Ave., 11521 Athens, Greece
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Li J, Macdonald J. Multiplexed lateral flow biosensors: Technological advances for radically improving point-of-care diagnoses. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 83:177-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms related to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:2339-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9332-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Heuer-Jungemann A, Harimech PK, Brown T, Kanaras AG. Gold nanoparticles and fluorescently-labelled DNA as a platform for biological sensing. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:9503-9510. [PMID: 23982570 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr03707j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade gold nanoparticle-nucleic acid conjugates became progressively important for biomedical applications. Fluorophores attached to nucleic acid-gold nanoparticle conjugates have opened up a new era of biological sensing. The most promising advancement in this field was the invention of the so-called 'nano-flare' systems. These systems are capable of detecting specific endocellular targets such as mRNAs, microRNAs or small molecules in real time. In this minireview, we discuss the current progress in the field of DNA-nanoparticles as sensors, their properties, stability, cellular uptake and cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelie Heuer-Jungemann
- Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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Valentini P, Pompa PP. Gold nanoparticles for naked-eye DNA detection: smart designs for sensitive assays. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra43729a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Abstract
During the past decade many new molecular methods for DNA and RNA analysis have emerged. The most popular thus far have been SSCP, HET, CMC, DGGE, RFLP or ASA, which have now been replaced by methods that are more cost effective and less time consuming. Real-time amplification techniques and particularly those with the capacity of multiplexing have become commonly used in laboratory practice. Novel screening methods enable the very rapid examination of large patients series. Use of liquid handling robotics applied to the isolation of DNA or RNA, the normalisation of sample concentration, and standardization of target amplification by PCR have also contributed to a reduced risk of sample contamination and have resulted in laboratory analysis being easier and faster. The aim of this study is the introduction of a few modern techniques, most commonly used in detection of genetic predisposition to cancer.
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Huang H, Jin L, Yang X, Song Q, Zou B, Jiang S, Sun L, Zhou G. An internal amplification control for quantitative nucleic acid analysis using nanoparticle-based dipstick biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2012. [PMID: 23208096 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.10.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative analysis of virus nucleic acids is essential for monitoring the efficacy of medical treatment based on the copy numbers of virus's RNA or DNA in blood. To quantitatively detect virus nucleic acids in blood, here an internal amplification control (IAC) coupled with a nanoparticle-based DNA biosensor was proposed. The IACs with a specific sequence were designed and spiked into serum before nucleic acids extraction. Sequences of the IACs and the targets only differ in the base order of one PCR priming site; thus, the IACs and the targets are identical in Tm, giving the same amplification efficiency during PCR. To visually detect amplicons, a dipstick biosensor based on streptavidin-functionalized nanoparticles is employed. By comparing color densities of a test zone with an IAC zone on the biosensor, the content of the target in serum can be semi-quantitatively analyzed. This approach has achieved the detection of HBV DNA at approximately 100 copies of the pathogen load. The feasibility of this method is demonstrated by successful semi-quantification of pathogen load in 30 clinical samples from HBV-infected patients. These data indicate that the introduction of an IAC and nanoparticle-based dipstick-type biosensor could be a powerful tool in point of care testing (POCT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Huang
- Huadong Research Institute for Medicine and Biotechnics, Nanjing 210002, China
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Quadruple-allele dipstick test for simultaneous visual genotyping of A896G (Asp299Gly) and C1196T (Thr399Ile) polymorphisms in the toll-like receptor-4 gene. Clin Chim Acta 2011; 412:1968-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Konstantou JK, Iliadi AC, Ioannou PC, Christopoulos TK, Anagnostopoulos NI, Kanavakis E, Traeger-Synodinos J. Visual screening for JAK2V617F mutation by a disposable dipstick. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 397:1911-6. [PMID: 20428846 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3747-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2010] [Revised: 04/11/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
During the last 5 years, it was discovered that the JAK2V617F somatic mutation is present in virtually all patients with polycythemia vera and a large proportion of patients with essential thrombocythemia, primary myelofibrosis, and refractory anemia with ring sideroblasts and thrombocytosis. As a result, JAK2V617F was incorporated as a new clonal marker in the 2008 revision of the WHO diagnostic criteria. Current methods for JAK2 genotyping include direct sequencing, pyrosequencing, allele-specific PCR with electrophoresis, restriction fragment length polymorphism, real-time PCR, DNA-melting curve analysis, and denaturing HPLC. Some of these methods are labor intensive and time consuming, while the others require specialized costly equipment and reagents. We report a method for direct detection of the JAK2V617F allele by the naked eye using a dipstick test in a dry-reagent format. The method comprises a triprimer PCR combined with visual detection of the products within minutes by the dipstick test. Specialized instrumentation is not involved. The requirements for highly qualified technical personnel are minimized. Because the detection reagents exist in dry form on the dipstick, there is no need for multiple pipetting and incubation steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K Konstantou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Athens University, 15771, Athens, Greece
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Litos IK, Ioannou PC, Christopoulos TK, Traeger-Synodinos J, Kanavakis E. Multianalyte, dipstick-type, nanoparticle-based DNA biosensor for visual genotyping of single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Biosens Bioelectron 2009; 24:3135-9. [PMID: 19349158 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2009.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Revised: 03/09/2009] [Accepted: 03/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
DNA biosensors involve molecular recognition of the target sequence by hybridization with specific probes and detection by electrochemical, optical or gravimetric transduction. Disposable, dipstick-type biosensors have been developed recently, which enable visual detection of DNA without using instruments. In this context, we report a multianalyte DNA biosensor for visual genotyping of two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). As a model, the biosensor was applied to the simultaneous genotyping of two SNPs, entailing the detection of four alleles. A PCR product that flanks both polymorphic sites is subjected to a single primer extension (PEXT) reaction employing four allele-specific primers, each containing a region complementary to an allele and a characteristic segment that enables subsequent capture on a test zone of the biosensor. The primers are extended with dNTPs and biotin-dUTP only if there is perfect complementarity with the interrogated sequence. The PEXT mixture is applied to the biosensor. As the developing buffer migrates along the strip, all the allele-specific primers are captured by immobilized oligonucleotides at the four test zones of the biosensor and detected by antibiotin-functionalized gold nanoparticles. As a result, the test zones are colored red if extension has occurred denoting the presence of the corresponding allele in the original sample. The excess nanoparticles are captured by immobilized biotinylated albumin at the control zone of the sensor forming another red zone that indicates the proper performance of the system. The assay was applied successfully to the genotyping of twenty clinical samples for two common SNPs of MBL2 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis K Litos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens 15771, Greece
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