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Cytochrome c oxidase deficiency. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1862:148335. [PMID: 33171185 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome c oxidase (COX) deficiency is characterized by a high degree of genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity, partly reflecting the extreme structural complexity, multiple post-translational modification, variable, tissue-specific composition, and the high number of and intricate connections among the assembly factors of this enzyme. In fact, decreased COX specific activity can manifest with different degrees of severity, affect the whole organism or specific tissues, and develop a wide spectrum of disease natural history, including disease onsets ranging from birth to late adulthood. More than 30 genes have been linked to COX deficiency, but the list is still incomplete and in fact constantly updated. We here discuss the current knowledge about COX in health and disease, focusing on genetic aetiology and link to clinical manifestations. In addition, information concerning either fundamental biological features of the enzymes or biochemical signatures of its defects have been provided by experimental in vivo models, including yeast, fly, mouse and fish, which expanded our knowledge on the functional features and the phenotypical consequences of different forms of COX deficiency.
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Webb M, Sideris DP. Intimate Relations-Mitochondria and Ageing. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207580. [PMID: 33066461 PMCID: PMC7589147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with ageing, but the detailed causal relationship between the two is still unclear. We review the major phenomenological manifestations of mitochondrial age-related dysfunction including biochemical, regulatory and energetic features. We conclude that the complexity of these processes and their inter-relationships are still not fully understood and at this point it seems unlikely that a single linear cause and effect relationship between any specific aspect of mitochondrial biology and ageing can be established in either direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Webb
- Mitobridge Inc., an Astellas Company, 1030 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Dionisia P Sideris
- Mitobridge Inc., an Astellas Company, 1030 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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Al Khazal F, Holte MN, Bolon B, White TA, LeBrasseur N, Maher LJ. A conditional mouse model of complex II deficiency manifesting as Leigh-like syndrome. FASEB J 2019; 33:13189-13201. [PMID: 31469588 PMCID: PMC6894089 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802655rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Leigh syndrome embodies degenerative disorders with a collection of symptoms secondary to inborn errors of metabolism. Combinations of hypomorphic and loss-of-function alleles in many genes have been shown to result in Leigh syndrome. Interestingly, deficiency for the tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) can lead to Leigh-like syndrome in some circumstances and to cancer (paraganglioma, renal cell carcinoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor) in others. In our experiments originally intended to create an inducible whole-body SDH-loss mouse model of tumorigenesis, we generated a condition reminiscent of Leigh-like syndrome that is lethal to mice within 4 wk. Remarkably, as has been shown for other mitochondrial diseases, chronic hypoxia offers substantial protection to mice from this condition after systemic SDH loss, allowing survival in the context of profoundly impaired oxidative metabolism.-Al Khazal, F., Holte, M. N., Bolon, B., White, T. A., LeBrasseur, N., Maher, L. J. III. A conditional mouse model of complex II deficiency manifesting as Leigh-like syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatimah Al Khazal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Molly Nelson Holte
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Thomas A. White
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nathan LeBrasseur
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - L. James Maher
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Nesti C, Rubegni A, Tolomeo D, Baldacci J, Cassandrini D, D'Amore F, Santorelli FM. Complex multisystem phenotype associated with the mitochondrial DNA m.5522G>A mutation. Neurol Sci 2019; 40:1705-1708. [PMID: 30937556 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-019-03864-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial tRNAs are responsible for more than half of pathogenic point mutations in the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA). Different mutations give rise to widely differing phenotypes, ranging from isolated organ-specific diseases to multisystem conditions. Herein, we report a 40-year-old woman presenting with a complex multisystem phenotype including sensorineural hearing loss, retinopathy, severe dilated cardiomyopathy, non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, and renal failure. Sequence analysis of mtDNA identified the m.5522G>A mutation in MT-TW, the gene encoding mitochondrial tRNA for tryptophan. The heteroplasmic variant, thus far described once, was almost exclusively confined to skeletal muscle tissue, as shown by massive parallel sequencing and corroborated by an ad hoc designed PCR-based strategy. This patient, presenting a severe, multisystem involvement apparently sparing the brain, contributes to the genetic heterogeneity of mitochondrial diseases caused by mutations in mitochondrial tRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Nesti
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, via dei Giacinti 2, 56128, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Anna Rubegni
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, via dei Giacinti 2, 56128, Pisa, Italy
| | - Deborah Tolomeo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, via dei Giacinti 2, 56128, Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jacopo Baldacci
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, via dei Giacinti 2, 56128, Pisa, Italy
| | - Denise Cassandrini
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, via dei Giacinti 2, 56128, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca D'Amore
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, via dei Giacinti 2, 56128, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo M Santorelli
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, via dei Giacinti 2, 56128, Pisa, Italy.
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Cardaioli E, Mignarri A, Cantisani TA, Malandrini A, Nesti C, Rubegni A, Funel N, Federico A, Santorelli FM, Dotti MT. Myoclonus epilepsy, retinitis pigmentosa, leukoencephalopathy and cerebral calcifications associated with a novel m.5513G>A mutation in the MT-TW gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 500:158-162. [PMID: 29625105 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We sequenced the mitochondrial genome from a 40-year-old woman with myoclonus epilepsy, retinitis pigmentosa, leukoencephalopathy and cerebral calcifications. Histological and biochemical features of mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction were present. Direct sequencing showed a novel heteroplasmic mutation at nucleotide 5513 in the MT-TW gene that encodes tRNATrp. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism analysis confirmed that about 80% of muscle mtDNA harboured the mutation while it was present in minor percentages in mtDNA from other tissues. The mutation is predicted to disrupt a highly conserved base pair within the aminoacyl acceptor stem of the tRNA. This is the 17° mutation in MT-TW gene and expands the known causes of late-onset mitochondrial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Cardaioli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 2, 53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Andrea Mignarri
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Teresa Anna Cantisani
- Perugia Hospital, Neurophysiopathology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Malandrini
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Claudia Nesti
- Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Stella Maris, Via dei Giacinti 2, 56128, Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Rubegni
- Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Stella Maris, Via dei Giacinti 2, 56128, Pisa, Italy
| | - Niccola Funel
- Department of Translational Research & The New Technologies in Medicine & Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Federico
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Maria Teresa Dotti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
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Finsterer J, Zarrouk-Mahjoub S. Modified Yarham and Smith scores for pathogenicity assessment of mtDNA tRNA variants. Neuromuscul Disord 2018; 28:373-374. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis associated with mitochondrial disease. Clin Nephrol Case Stud 2017; 5:20-25. [PMID: 29043143 PMCID: PMC5438005 DOI: 10.5414/cncs109083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary mitochondrial diseases (MD) are complex, heterogeneous inherited diseases caused by mutations in either the mitochondrial or nuclear DNA. Glomerular diseases in MD have been reported with tRNA mutation m.3243A>G causing a syndrome of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS). We describe here a case of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) associated with a new tRNA mutation site. A 34-year-old man with a history of living related kidney transplantation, diabetes, hearing loss, and developmental delay presented to the outpatient clinic with complaints of new behavioral difficulties, worsening symptoms, and brain involvement on imaging. Physical examination was remarkable for difficulty hearing, a pattern of dysarthric speech, and cerebellar gait. Laboratory investigations including lactate levels were unremarkable. Based on this set of clinical circumstances, concern for an underlying genetic abnormality was raised. Multiple metabolic tests were unremarkable. Whole exome sequencing revealed a mitochondrial MT-TW tRNA change at position m.5538G>A. Genotype-phenotype correlations are consistent with this tRNA mutation as a cause of his symptoms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case describing FSGS-associated MD caused by an m.5538 G>A mutation. Consideration of an underlying MD should be made in patients presenting with deafness, neurologic changes, diabetes, and renal failure.
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Darin N, Hedberg-Oldfors C, Kroksmark AK, Moslemi AR, Kollberg G, Oldfors A. Benign mitochondrial myopathy with exercise intolerance in a large multigeneration family due to a homoplasmic m.3250T>C mutation in MTTL1. Eur J Neurol 2017; 24:587-593. [PMID: 28181352 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Most mitochondrial disorders with onset in early childhood are progressive and involve multiple organs. The m.3250T>C mutation in MTTL1 has previously been described in a few individuals with a possibly riboflavin-responsive myopathy and an association with sudden infant death syndrome was suspected. We describe a large family with this mutation and evaluate the effect of riboflavin treatment. METHODS Medical data were collected with the help of a standardized data collection form. Sanger sequencing was used to screen for variants in mitochondrial DNA and the proportion of the mutation was analyzed in different tissues. Biochemical and muscle morphological investigations of muscle tissue were performed in two individuals. The effect of riboflavin treatment was evaluated in two individuals. RESULTS Thirteen family members experienced exercise intolerance with fatigue and weakness. Inheritance was maternal with 100% penetrance. The course was either static or showed improvement over time. There was no evidence of other organ involvement except for a possible mild transient cardiac enlargement in one child. Muscle investigations showed isolated complex I deficiency and mitochondrial proliferation. The level of m.3250T>C was apparently 100%, i.e. homoplasmic, in all examined tissues. Riboflavin treatment showed no effect in any treated family member and there have been no cases of sudden infant death in this family. CONCLUSIONS This study illustrates the importance of considering mitochondrial disorders in the work-up of individuals with exercise intolerance and provides a better understanding of the phenotype associated with the m.3250T>C mutation in MTTL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Darin
- Department of Pediatrics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg
| | - C Hedberg-Oldfors
- Department of Pathology and Genetics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg
| | - A-K Kroksmark
- Department of Pediatrics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg
| | - A-R Moslemi
- Department of Pathology and Genetics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg
| | - G Kollberg
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A Oldfors
- Department of Pathology and Genetics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg
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Sallevelt SCEH, de Die-Smulders CEM, Hendrickx ATM, Hellebrekers DMEI, de Coo IFM, Alston CL, Knowles C, Taylor RW, McFarland R, Smeets HJM. De novo mtDNA point mutations are common and have a low recurrence risk. J Med Genet 2016; 54:73-83. [PMID: 27450679 PMCID: PMC5502310 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2016-103876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Severe, disease-causing germline mitochondrial (mt)DNA mutations are maternally inherited or arise de novo. Strategies to prevent transmission are generally available, but depend on recurrence risks, ranging from high/unpredictable for many familial mtDNA point mutations to very low for sporadic, large-scale single mtDNA deletions. Comprehensive data are lacking for de novo mtDNA point mutations, often leading to misconceptions and incorrect counselling regarding recurrence risk and reproductive options. We aim to study the relevance and recurrence risk of apparently de novo mtDNA point mutations. Methods Systematic study of prenatal diagnosis (PND) and recurrence of mtDNA point mutations in families with de novo cases, including new and published data. ‘De novo’ based on the absence of the mutation in multiple (postmitotic) maternal tissues is preferred, but mutations absent in maternal blood only were also included. Results In our series of 105 index patients (33 children and 72 adults) with (likely) pathogenic mtDNA point mutations, the de novo frequency was 24.6%, the majority being paediatric. PND was performed in subsequent pregnancies of mothers of four de novo cases. A fifth mother opted for preimplantation genetic diagnosis because of a coexisting Mendelian genetic disorder. The mtDNA mutation was absent in all four prenatal samples and all 11 oocytes/embryos tested. A literature survey revealed 137 de novo cases, but PND was only performed for 9 (including 1 unpublished) mothers. In one, recurrence occurred in two subsequent pregnancies, presumably due to germline mosaicism. Conclusions De novo mtDNA point mutations are a common cause of mtDNA disease. Recurrence risk is low. This is relevant for genetic counselling, particularly for reproductive options. PND can be offered for reassurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne C E H Sallevelt
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Christine E M de Die-Smulders
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Research School for Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra T M Hendrickx
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Debby M E I Hellebrekers
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Irenaeus F M de Coo
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte L Alston
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Charlotte Knowles
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Robert McFarland
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Hubert J M Smeets
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Research School for Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Research School for Cardiovascular Diseases in Maastricht, CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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A mutation in MT-TW causes a tRNA processing defect and reduced mitochondrial function in a family with Leigh syndrome. Mitochondrion 2015; 25:113-9. [PMID: 26524491 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Leigh syndrome (LS) is a progressive mitochondrial neurodegenerative disorder, whose symptoms most commonly include psychomotor delay with regression, lactic acidosis and a failure to thrive. Here we describe three siblings with LS, but with additional manifestations including hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, cholestatic hepatitis, and seizures. All three affected siblings were found to be homoplasmic for an m. 5559A>G mutation in the T stem of the mitochondrial DNA-encoded MT-TW by next generation sequencing. The m.5559A>G mutation causes a reduction in the steady state levels of tRNA(Trp) and this decrease likely affects the stability of other mitochondrial RNAs in the patient fibroblasts. We observe accumulation of an unprocessed transcript containing tRNA(Trp), decreased de novo protein synthesis and consequently lowered steady state levels of mitochondrial DNA-encoded proteins that compromise mitochondrial respiration. Our results show that the m.5559A>G mutation at homoplasmic levels causes LS in association with severe multi-organ disease (LS-plus) as a consequence of dysfunctional mitochondrial RNA metabolism.
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Peverelli L, Gold CA, Naini AB, Tanji K, Akman HO, Hirano M, Dimauro S. Mitochondrial myopathy with dystrophic features due to a novel mutation in the MTTM gene. Muscle Nerve 2014; 50:292-5. [PMID: 24711008 DOI: 10.1002/mus.24262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A 61-year-old woman with a 5-year history of progressive muscle weakness and atrophy had a muscle biopsy characterized by a combination of dystrophic features (necrotic fibers and endomysial fibrosis) and mitochondrial alterations [ragged-red, cytochrome c oxidase (COX)-negative fibers]. METHODS Sequencing of the whole mtDNA, assessment of the mutation load in muscle and accessible nonmuscle tissues, and single fiber polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Muscle mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequencing revealed a novel heteroplasmic mutation (m.4403G>A) in the gene (MTTM) that encodes tRNA(Met). The mutation was not present in accessible nonmuscle tissues from the patient or 2 asymptomatic sisters. CONCLUSIONS The clinical features and muscle morphology in this patient are very similar to those described in a previous patient with a different mutation, also in MTTM, which suggests that mutations in this gene confer a distinctive "dystrophic" quality. This may be a diagnostic clue in patients with isolated mitochondrial myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Peverelli
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, College of Physicians & Surgeons, 630 West 168th Street, New York, New York, USA
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