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Abbassi M, Sayel H, Senhaji N, Trhanint S, Bay Bay H, Bouguenouch L, Mernisi FZ. Clinical and molecular characterization of Xeroderma pigmentosum in Moroccan population: a case series of 40 patients. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-022-00368-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare autosomal recessive skin disorder characterized by hyperpigmentation, premature skin aging, ocular and cutaneous photosensitivity with increased risk of skin tumors. XP is caused by mutations in DNA repair genes that protect cells from UV-induced DNA damage. The current study aims to investigate, on clinical and genetic basis, Moroccan XP patients. We explored by direct sequencing the involvement of the prevalent XPA and XPC genes mutations: nonsense mutation (c.682C>T, p.Arg228X) and a two-base-pair (2 bp) deletion (c.1643 1644delTG or p.Val548Ala fsX25), respectively, in 40 index cases from 37 unrelated families in Moroccan population.
Results
Early skin and ocular manifestations were detected with high rate of malignancy. Cutaneous lesions progressed to malignant skin tumor in 70% of cases. Ocular tumors were also observed in 11 patients including BCC in eight cases, SCC in three cases and melanoma in four cases. Among the 40 patients, there were 20 homozygous cases for the 2 bp deletion in the XPC gene and 9 homozygous cases carrying the nonsense XPA mutation.
Conclusion
These findings obtained in the present study revealed that the XPC gene mutation (c.1643 1644delTG, p.Val548AlafsX25) is the major cause of Xeroderma pigmentosum in our population. The c.682C>T (p.Arg228X) mutation is relatively associated with moderate phenotype in XP group A Moroccan families. This result will also contribute to improving the molecular diagnosis of XP disease and will have a significant impact on improving the care of Moroccan patients and their relatives.
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Martens MC, Emmert S, Boeckmann L. Xeroderma Pigmentosum: Gene Variants and Splice Variants. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1173. [PMID: 34440347 PMCID: PMC8391564 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleotide excision repair (NER) is essential for the repair of ultraviolet (UV)-induced DNA damage, such as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and 6,4-pyrimidine-pyrimidone dimers (6,4-PPs). Alterations in genes of the NER can lead to DNA damage repair disorders such as Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP). XP is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder associated with UV-sensitivity and early onset of skin cancer. Recently, extensive research has been conducted on the functional relevance of splice variants and their relation to cancer. Here, we focus on the functional relevance of alternative splice variants of XP genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lars Boeckmann
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venerology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (M.C.M.); (S.E.)
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Yuniati R, Sihombing NRB, Nauphar D, Tiawarman B, Kartikasari DS, Dewi M, Faradz SMH. Clinical manifestation and genetic analysis of familial rare disease genodermatosis xeroderma pigmentosum. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2021; 10:114-121. [PMID: 33996357 PMCID: PMC8122318 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2020.03143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by hypersensitivity of the skin to ultraviolet radiation and other carcinogenic agents. This ailment is characterized by increased photosensitivity, skin xerosis, early skin aging, actinic keratosis, erythematous lesions, and hyperpigmentation macules. In this serial case report, we presented four cases with XP from two families in Indonesia. Both families were referred from rural referral health centers, and each family has two affected siblings. They had freckle-like pigmentation on the face, trunk, and extremities, which progressed since childhood. One patient of family 2 died because of an infectious disease. Histopathological examination using cytokeratine (CK), CD10, and Ber-EP4 staining from available tissue biopsy of one affected case of family 1 identified basal cell carcinoma (BCC) on the cheek and melanoma on the right eye. Mutation analysis found ERCC2, c2047C>T and XPC, c1941T>A in the first and second families, respectively. We suppose that this is the first case report of XP in Indonesia that incorporates clinical examination, genetic analysis, and extensive histopathological examination, including immunohistochemistry staining, and a novel pathogenic variant of XPC was found in the second family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renni Yuniati
- Department Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia/Dr. Kariadi General Hospital Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Nydia Rena Benita Sihombing
- Division of Human Genetics, Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University/Diponegoro National University Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Donny Nauphar
- Department of Biomedical Science, Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati, Cirebon, Indonesia
| | | | - Diah Shinta Kartikasari
- Department Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia/Dr. Kariadi General Hospital Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Meira Dewi
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia/Dr. Kariadi General Hospital Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Sultana MH Faradz
- Division of Human Genetics, Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University/Diponegoro National University Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia
- Address correspondence to:Sultana MH Faradz, Division of Human Genetics, Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University/Diponegoro National University Hospital, Jl. H Soedharto, Tembalang, Semarang 50275, Indonesia. E-mail:
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4
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Genetisch bedingte UV‑Empfindlichkeit. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00112-020-01115-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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5
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New Perspectives on Unscheduled DNA Synthesis: Functional Assay for Global Genomic DNA Nucleotide Excision Repair. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2102:483-507. [PMID: 31989573 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0223-2_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) assay measures the ability of a cell to perform global genomic nucleotide excision repair (NER). This chapter provides instructions for the application of this technique by creating 6-4 photoproducts and pyrimidine dimers using UV-C (254 nm) irradiation. This procedure is designed specifically for quantification of the 6-4 photoproducts. Repair is quantified by the amount of radioactive thymidine incorporated during repair synthesis after this insult, and radioactivity is evaluated by grain counting after autoradiography. The results have been used to clinically diagnose human DNA repair deficiency disorders, and provide a basis for investigation of repair deficiency in human tissues or tumors. Genomic sequencing to establish the presence of specific mutations is also used now for clinical diagnosis of DNA repair deficiency syndromes. Few functional assays are available which directly measure the capacity to perform NER on the entire genome. Since live cells are required for this assay, explant culture techniques must be previously established. Host cell reactivation (HCR). As discussed in Chap. 28 is not an equivalent technique, as it measures only transcription-coupled repair (TCR) at active genes, a small subset of total NER. Our laboratory also explored the fluorescent label-based Click-iT assay that uses EdU as the label, rather than 3H thymidine. Despite emerging studies in the literature finding this assay to be useful for other purposes, we found that the EdU-based UDS assay was not consistent or reproducible compared with the 3H thymidine-based assay.
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Martens MC, Boeckmann L, Emmert S. Genetisch bedingte Hauterkrankungen – Xeroderma pigmentosum und das CEDNIK-Syndrom. AKTUELLE DERMATOLOGIE 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1148-3867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungDie Rostocker Hautklinik ist Europäisches Referenznetzwerkzentrum für seltene Hauterkrankungen mit den besonderen Schwerpunkten Xeroderma pigmentosum und Ichthyosen. Diese Themen vertreten wir auch in der medizinischen Grundlagenforschung.Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) ist eine seltene, autosomal-rezessive Erkrankung, die entsprechend der Gendefekte in 7 Komplementationsgruppen – XP-A bis XP-G sowie die sog. XP-Variante (XP-V) – eingeteilt wird. XP ist ein Nukleotid-Exzisions-Reparatur-Defektsyndrom und äußert sich v. a. durch vorzeitige Hautalterung und frühzeitige Entwicklung von Hauttumoren.Das seltene, neurokutane CEDNIK-Syndrom ist eine autosomal-rezessive Erkrankung, der eine Loss-of-Function-Mutation in SNAP29 zugrunde liegt. SNAP29 ist ein SNARE-Protein und an intrazellulären Membranfusionen beteiligt. CEDNIK ist ein Akronym für den mit dem Syndrom assoziierten Symptomkomplex aus zerebraler Dysgenese, Neuropathie, Ichthyose und Palmoplantarkeratosen. CEDNIK-Patienten weisen neben der Ichthyose zudem Gedeihstörungen, eine psychomotorische Retardierung und faziale Dysmorphien auf.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. C. Martens
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock
| | - L. Boeckmann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock
| | - S. Emmert
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock
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Martens MC, Emmert S, Boeckmann L. Sunlight, Vitamin D, and Xeroderma Pigmentosum. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1268:319-331. [PMID: 32918226 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-46227-7_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sunlight, in particular UV-B radiation, is an important factor for endogenous vitamin D production as 80-90% of the required vitamin D needs to be photosynthesized in the skin. The active form of vitamin D, vitamin D3 or calcitriol, binds to the ligand-activated transcription factor vitamin D receptor (VDR) for genomic and non-genomic effects. Recently, calcitriol and analogs have been shown to have antiproliferative effects in mouse and human BCC and SCC cell lines in vitro. As UV radiation plays a critical role in the photosynthesis of vitamin D, stringent sun protection, as recommended for xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) patients, may impact their vitamin D levels.XP is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with a worldwide prevalence of 1 in 1,000,000. XP can be divided into seven different complementation groups: XP-A to XP-G. The complementation groups correspond with the underlying gene defect. Defects in these genes lead to a defective nucleotide excision repair (NER), which is necessary to remove UV-induced DNA damage such as the UV photoproducts cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) and 6-4 pyrimidine-pyrimidone (6-4 PP) dimer. Additionally, a variant form with a mutation in the translational polymerase η gene (PolH), also called XP variant (XPV), exists. Patients with XPV show a defect in translesion synthesis. Due to their inability to repair UV-induced lesions, XP patients exhibit an increased risk for UV-induced nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) such as basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) as well as melanoma. Although no curative therapy for XP exists today, numerous options for the treatment and prophylaxis of skin cancer have become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Christine Martens
- Clinic and Policlinic of Dermatology and Venerology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Steffen Emmert
- Clinic and Policlinic of Dermatology and Venerology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Lars Boeckmann
- Clinic and Policlinic of Dermatology and Venerology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
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Arya D, Das S, Gandhi A. Ipsilateral presentation of ocular surface squamous neoplasia and conjunctival melanoma in xeroderma pigmentosum: A rare occurrence. Indian J Ophthalmol 2019; 67:2068-2071. [PMID: 31755462 PMCID: PMC6896572 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_1449_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A case of a 16-year-old male with xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) who presented with multiple pigmented and nonpigmented conjunctival lesions in both eyes is reported. He had a keratinized lesion at the limbus and a pigmented lesion in bulbar conjunctiva in the left eye and multiple pigmented bulbar conjunctival lesions and a keratinized limbal nodule in the right eye. Excision biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) and conjunctival intraepithelial melanocytic neoplasia-2 (CIMN-2) in the right eye and OSSN and conjunctival melanoma in situ (CIMN-5) in the left eye. Two malignant conjunctival lesions occurring simultaneously in the same eye of a patient with XP have not been reported earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepanjali Arya
- Oculoplasty and Ocular Oncology Services, Dr Shroff's Charity Eye Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Sima Das
- Oculoplasty and Ocular Oncology Services, Dr Shroff's Charity Eye Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Arpan Gandhi
- Laboratory Services, Dr Shroff's Charity Eye Hospital, New Delhi, India
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9
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Caso ER, Marcos AA, Morales M, Belfort RN. Simultaneous squamous cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma of the conjunctiva in a teenager with xeroderma pigmentosum: Case report. Indian J Ophthalmol 2019; 67:1190-1192. [PMID: 31238460 PMCID: PMC6611241 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_1106_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is an autosomal recessive disease with ophthalmic, dermatologic, and neurologic manifestations. Ophthalmological changes are described in up to 100% of XP patients. We report a young XP patient that presented with bilateral conjunctival masses. She was treated by surgical excision with supplemental cryotherapy. The histopathological analysis revealed squamous cell carcinoma with melanosis on right eye and conjunctival melanoma on the left eye. These patients need to be followed by dermatologists and ophthalmologists to identify malignant lesions as soon as possible and also to prevent unnecessary surgery that increases mutilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ever Rodriguez Caso
- Ocular Oncology Service, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 822, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Allexya Aa Marcos
- Ocular Oncology Service, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 822, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Melina Morales
- Ocular Oncology Service, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 822, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rubens N Belfort
- Ocular Oncology Service, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 822, São Paulo, Brazil
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10
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Gruener AM, Morley AMS. Macular and Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer Thinning in Xeroderma Pigmentosum: A Cross-sectional Study. Neuroophthalmology 2018; 42:356-366. [PMID: 30524489 DOI: 10.1080/01658107.2018.1452038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate retinal thickness in different Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XP) complementation groups using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). This was a cross-sectional pilot study of 40 patients with XP. All patients had healthy-looking retinae and optic nerves on slit lamp biomicroscopy, and subtle or no neurological deficits. Patients were divided into two groups based on the known tendency for neurodegeneration associated with certain XP complementation groups. A third control group was obtained from a normative database. Using SD-OCT, we compared peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (pRNFL) and macular thickness between the groups. XP patients with a known tendency for neurodegeneration were found to have a statistically significant reduction in both pRNFL (p < 0.01) and macular thickness (p < 0.001) compared with healthy controls. In contrast, there was no statistically significant difference between pRNFL and macular thickness in XP patients not expected to develop neurodegeneration compared to the same control group. When both XP groups were compared, a statistically significant reduction in total pRNFL (p = 0.02) and macular thickness (p = 0.002) was found in XP patients predisposed to neurodegeneration. Our results suggest that pRNFL and macular thickness are reduced in XP patients with a known tendency for neurodegeneration, even before any marked neurological deficits become manifest. These findings demonstrate the potential role of retinal thickness as an anatomic biomarker and prognostic indicator for XP neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Gruener
- Department of Ophthalmology, St Thomas' Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ana M S Morley
- Department of Ophthalmology, St Thomas' Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Nationally Commissioned Xeroderma Pigmentosum Service, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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11
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Gu Y, Chang X, Dai S, Song Q, Zhao H, Lei P. Identification of four novel XPC mutations in two xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C patients and functional study of XPC Q320X mutant. Gene 2017; 628:162-169. [PMID: 28669926 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare, recessive hereditary disease characterized by sunlight hypersensitivity and high incidence of skin cancer with clinical and genetic heterogeneity. We collected two unrelated Chinese patients showing typical symptoms of XPC without neurologic symptoms. Direct sequencing of XPC gene revealed that patient 1 carried IVS1+1G>A and c.958 C>T mutations, and patient 2 carried c.545_546delTA and c.2257_2258insC mutations. All these four mutations introduced premature terminal codons (PTCs) in XPC gene. The nonsense mutation c.958 C>T yielded truncated mutant Q320X, and we studied its function for global genome repair kinetics. Overexpressed Q320X mutant can localize to site of DNA damage, but it is defective in CPD and 6-4PP repair. Readthrough of PTCs is a new approach to treatment of genetic diseases. We found that aminoglycosides could significantly increase the full length protein expression of Q320X mutant, but NER defects were not rescued in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Gu
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodan Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Dai
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghua Song
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Hongshan Zhao
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Human Disease Genomics Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Pengcheng Lei
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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12
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Lehmann J, Seebode C, Smolorz S, Schubert S, Emmert S. XPF knockout via CRISPR/Cas9 reveals that ERCC1 is retained in the cytoplasm without its heterodimer partner XPF. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:2081-2094. [PMID: 28130555 PMCID: PMC11107539 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2455-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The XPF/ERCC1 heterodimeric complex is essentially involved in nucleotide excision repair (NER), interstrand crosslink (ICL), and double-strand break repair. Defects in XPF lead to severe diseases like xeroderma pigmentosum (XP). Up until now, XP-F patient cells have been utilized for functional analyses. Due to the multiple roles of the XPF/ERCC1 complex, these patient cells retain at least one full-length allele and residual repair capabilities. Despite the essential function of the XPF/ERCC1 complex for the human organism, we successfully generated a viable immortalised human XPF knockout cell line with complete loss of XPF using the CRISPR/Cas9 technique in fetal lung fibroblasts (MRC5Vi cells). These cells showed a markedly increased sensitivity to UVC, cisplatin, and psoralen activated by UVA as well as reduced repair capabilities for NER and ICL repair as assessed by reporter gene assays. Using the newly generated knockout cells, we could show that human XPF is markedly involved in homologous recombination repair (HRR) but dispensable for non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). Notably, ERCC1 was not detectable in the nucleus of the XPF knockout cells indicating the necessity of a functional XPF/ERCC1 heterodimer to allow ERCC1 to enter the nucleus. Overexpression of wild-type XPF could reverse this effect as well as the repair deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janin Lehmann
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Centre Rostock, Strempelstrasse 13, 18057, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Christina Seebode
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Centre Rostock, Strempelstrasse 13, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sabine Smolorz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Steffen Schubert
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Steffen Emmert
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Centre Rostock, Strempelstrasse 13, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany.
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13
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Metral E, Bechetoille N, Demarne F, Rachidi W, Damour O. α6 Integrin (α6 high)/Transferrin Receptor (CD71) low Keratinocyte Stem Cells Are More Potent for Generating Reconstructed Skin Epidermis Than Rapid Adherent Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020282. [PMID: 28134816 PMCID: PMC5343818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermis basal layer is composed of two keratinocyte populations: Keratinocyte Stem cells (KSC) and Transitory Amplifying (TA) cells that arise from KSC division. Unfortunately, no specific marker exists to differ between KSC and TA cells. Here, we aimed at comparing two different methods that pretended to isolate these two populations: (i) the rapid adhesion method on coated substrate and (ii) the flow cytometry method, which is based on the difference in cell surface expressions of the α6 integrin and transferrin receptor (CD71). Then, we compared different parameters that are known to discriminate KSC and TA populations. Interestingly, we showed that both methods allow enrichment in stem cells. However, cell sorting by flow cytometry (α6high/CD71low) phenotype leads to a better enrichment of KSC since the colony forming efficiency is five times increased versus total cell suspension, whereas it is only 1.4 times for the adhesion method. Moreover, α6high/CD71low cells give rise to a thicker pluristratified epithelium with lower seeding density and display a low Ki67 positive cells number, showing that they have reached the balance between proliferation and differentiation. We clearly demonstrated that cells isolated by a rapid adherent method are not the same population as KSC isolated by flow cytometry following α6high/CD71low phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Metral
- Gattefossé, 36 chemin de Genas, F-69800 Saint-Priest, France.
- Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)/Institut Nanosciences et cryogénie (INAC)/SYstèmes Moléculaires et nanoMatériaux pour l'Energie et la Santé (SyMMES)/Lésions des acides nucléiques (LAN), 17 avenue des martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble CEDEX, France.
- Hospices Civils de LYON (HCL)/Banque de Tissus et Cellules/Laboratoire des Substituts Cutanés, 5 place d'Arsonval, F-69000 Lyon, France.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
| | | | | | - Walid Rachidi
- Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)/Institut Nanosciences et cryogénie (INAC)/SYstèmes Moléculaires et nanoMatériaux pour l'Energie et la Santé (SyMMES)/Lésions des acides nucléiques (LAN), 17 avenue des martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble CEDEX, France.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Odile Damour
- Hospices Civils de LYON (HCL)/Banque de Tissus et Cellules/Laboratoire des Substituts Cutanés, 5 place d'Arsonval, F-69000 Lyon, France.
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14
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Schubert S, Rieper P, Ohlenbusch A, Seebode C, Lehmann J, Gratchev A, Emmert S. A unique chromosomal in-frame deletion identified among seven XP-C patients. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2016; 32:276-283. [DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Schubert
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology; University Medical Center Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
| | - Petra Rieper
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology; University Medical Center Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
| | - Andreas Ohlenbusch
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Division of Pediatric Neurology; University Medical Center Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
| | - Christina Seebode
- Clinic for Dermatology and Venereology; University Medical Center Rostock; Rostock Germany
| | - Janin Lehmann
- Clinic for Dermatology and Venereology; University Medical Center Rostock; Rostock Germany
| | - Alexei Gratchev
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology; University Medical Center Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
- Institute of Carcinogenesis, NN Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences; Moscow Russia
| | - Steffen Emmert
- Clinic for Dermatology and Venereology; University Medical Center Rostock; Rostock Germany
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Understanding Xeroderma Pigmentosum Complementation Groups Using Gene Expression Profiling after UV-Light Exposure. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:15985-96. [PMID: 26184184 PMCID: PMC4519934 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160715985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Children with the recessive genetic disorder Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XP) have extreme sensitivity to UV-light, a 10,000-fold increase in skin cancers from age 2 and rarely live beyond 30 years. There are seven genetic subgroups of XP, which are all resultant of pathogenic mutations in genes in the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway and a XP variant resultant of a mutation in translesion synthesis, POLH. The clinical symptoms and severity of the disease is varied across the subgroups, which does not correlate with the functional position of the affected protein in the NER pathway. The aim of this study was to further understand the biology of XP subgroups, particularly those that manifest with neurological symptoms. Whole genome gene expression profiling of fibroblasts from each XP complementation group was assessed before and after UV-light exposure. The biological pathways with altered gene expression after UV-light exposure were distinct for each subtype and contained oncogenic related functions such as perturbation of cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation. Patients from the subgroups XP-B and XP-F were the only subgroups to have transcripts associated with neuronal activity altered after UV-light exposure. This study will assist in furthering our understanding of the different subtypes of XP which will lead to better diagnosis, treatment and management of the disease.
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Xeroderma pigmentosum: low prevalence of germline XPA mutations in a Brazilian XP population. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:8988-96. [PMID: 25913378 PMCID: PMC4425119 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16048988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by DNA repair defects that cause photophobia, sunlight-induced cancers, and neurodegeneration. Prevalence of germline mutations in the nucleotide excision repair gene XPA vary significantly in different populations. No Brazilian patients have been reported to carry a germline mutation in this gene. In this study, the germline mutational status of XPA was determined in Brazilian patients exhibiting major clinical features of XP syndrome. The study was conducted on 27 unrelated patients from select Brazilian families. A biallelic inactivating transition mutation c.619C>T (p.Arg207Ter) was identified in only one patient with a history of neurological impairment and mild skin abnormalities. These findings suggest that XP syndrome is rarely associated with inherited disease-causing XPA mutations in the Brazilian population. Additionally, this report demonstrates the effectiveness of genotype-phenotype correlation as a valuable tool to guide direct genetic screening.
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17
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Lehmann J, Schubert S, Schäfer A, Laspe P, Haenssle HA, Ohlenbusch A, Gratchev A, Emmert S. A novel mutation in the XPA gene results in two truncated protein variants and leads to a severe XP/neurological symptoms phenotype. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2014; 29:2479-82. [PMID: 25393472 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway repairs UV-induced DNA lesions in an accurate fashion and prevents UV-irradiated areas of the skin from tumour formation. The XPA protein plays a major role in DNA damage demarcation as well as stabilization of other NER factors and was found to be defective in xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) complementation group A patients. OBJECTIVE Characterization of four new XP-A patients. METHODS Genomic and cDNA sequencing, post-UV cell survival of living cells, host-cell reactivation of patients' fibroblasts and Western blotting. RESULTS One of the four investigated patients shows a novel mutation leading to two different truncated protein variants. Three patients contain the already described p.R228X mutation. All patient cell lines exhibit a strong UVC sensitivity and reduced NER capability. In most of the cases stable protein expression was detected. CONCLUSION We discovered four new XP-A patients and a novel XPA mutation resulting in two diverse patient alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lehmann
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - S Schubert
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - A Schäfer
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - P Laspe
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - H A Haenssle
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Ohlenbusch
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - A Gratchev
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.,Institute of Carcinogenesis, NN Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory for Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - S Emmert
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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18
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Lehmann J, Schubert S, Emmert S. Xeroderma pigmentosum: diagnostisches Vorgehen, interdisziplinäre Patientenversorgung und neue Therapieansätze. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/ddg.12419_suppl] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Janin Lehmann
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsmedizin der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
| | - Steffen Schubert
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsmedizin der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
| | - Steffen Emmert
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsmedizin der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
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