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Meléndez-Martínez AJ, Böhm V, Borge GIA, Cano MP, Fikselová M, Gruskiene R, Lavelli V, Loizzo MR, Mandić AI, Brahm PM, Mišan AČ, Pintea AM, Sereikaitė J, Vargas-Murga L, Vlaisavljević SS, Vulić JJ, O'Brien NM. Carotenoids: Considerations for Their Use in Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals, Nutricosmetics, Supplements, Botanicals, and Novel Foods in the Context of Sustainability, Circular Economy, and Climate Change. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2021; 12:433-460. [PMID: 33467905 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-062220-013218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids are versatile isoprenoids that are important in food quality and health promotion. There is a need to establish recommended dietary intakes/nutritional reference values for carotenoids. Research on carotenoids in agro-food and health is being propelled by the two multidisciplinary international networks, the Ibero-American Network for the Study of Carotenoids as Functional Foods Ingredients (IBERCAROT; http://www.cyted.org) and the European Network to Advance Carotenoid Research and Applications in Agro-Food and Health (EUROCAROTEN; http://www.eurocaroten.eu). In this review, considerations for their safe and sustainable use in products mostly intended for health promotion are provided. Specifically, information about sources, intakes, and factors affecting bioavailability is summarized. Furthermore, their health-promoting actions and importance in public health in relation to the contribution of reducing the risk of diverse ailments are synthesized. Definitions and regulatory and safety information for carotenoid-containing products are provided. Lastly, recent trends in research in the context of sustainable healthy diets are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J Meléndez-Martínez
- Nutrition and Food Science, Toxicology and Legal Medicine Department, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Volker Böhm
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Bioactive Plant Products Research Group, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | | | - M Pilar Cano
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Martina Fikselová
- Department of Food Hygiene and Safety, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Ruta Gruskiene
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vera Lavelli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Monica Rosa Loizzo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Anamarija I Mandić
- Institute of Food Technology in Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Paula Mapelli Brahm
- Nutrition and Food Science, Toxicology and Legal Medicine Department, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Aleksandra Č Mišan
- Institute of Food Technology in Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Adela M Pintea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Jolanta Sereikaitė
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Sanja S Vlaisavljević
- Departmant of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jelena J Vulić
- Department of Applied and Engineering Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nora M O'Brien
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, T12 Cork, Ireland
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Mapelli-Brahm P, Barba FJ, Remize F, Garcia C, Fessard A, Mousavi Khaneghah A, Sant'Ana AS, Lorenzo JM, Montesano D, Meléndez-Martínez AJ. The impact of fermentation processes on the production, retention and bioavailability of carotenoids: An overview. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Tan ACS, Balaratnasingam C, Yannuzzi LA. Treatment of Macular Telangiectasia Type 2 With Carotenoid Supplements Containing Meso-Zeaxanthin: A Pilot Study. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2017; 47:528-35. [PMID: 27327282 DOI: 10.3928/23258160-20160601-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To assess the outcomes of patients with macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel 2) in response to lutein (L), meso-zeaxanthin (M), and zeaxanthin (Z) supplements (LMZ3). PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirteen patients diagnosed with MacTel 2 were started on lutein 10 mg, meso-zeaxanthin 10 mg, and zeaxanthin 2 mg and were followed-up for a mean period of 15.7 months ± 4.85 months. RESULTS Visual acuity improved in three patients (13%), and there was a reduction in the percentage of patients who had worsening vision (25% to 4%; P < .05). Optical coherence tomography changes showed a reduction in the number of cavitations and the largest diameter of the cavitation after the LMZ3 supplements were started. The largest diameter of photoreceptor disruption showed mild improvement in the first 6 months after LMZ3 supplements were started. CONCLUSION LMZ3 supplements may stabilize vision and improve the cavitations in patients with MacTel 2. Larger randomized, controlled studies are required to verify these pilot results. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2016;47:528-535.].
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Smith JW, Rogers RB, Jeon S, Rubakhin SS, Wang L, Sweedler JV, Neuringer M, Kuchan MJ, Erdman JW. Carrot solution culture bioproduction of uniformly labeled 13C-lutein and in vivo dosing in non-human primates. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 242:305-315. [PMID: 27798119 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216675067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lutein is a xanthophyll abundant in nature and most commonly present in the human diet through consumption of leafy green vegetables. With zeaxanthin and meso-zeaxanthin, lutein is a component of the macular pigment of the retina, where it protects against photooxidation and age-related macular degeneration. Recent studies have suggested that lutein may positively impact cognition throughout the lifespan, but outside of the retina, the deposition, metabolism, and function(s) of lutein are poorly understood. Using a novel botanical cell culture system ( Daucus carota), the present study aimed to produce a stable isotope lutein tracer for use in future investigations of dietary lutein distribution and metabolism. Carrot cultivars were initiated into liquid solution culture, lutein production conditions optimized, and uniformly labeled 13C-glucose was provided as the sole media carbon source for four serial growth cycles. Lutein yield was 2.58 ± 0.24 µg/g, and mass spectrometry confirmed high enrichment of 13C: 64.9% of lutein was uniformly labeled and 100% of lutein was labeled on at least 37 of 40 possible carbons. Purification of carrot extracts yielded a lutein dose of 1.92 mg with 96.0 ± 0.60% purity. 13C-lutein signals were detectable in hepatic extracts of an adult rhesus macaque monkey ( Macaca mulatta) dosed with 13C-lutein, but not in hepatic samples collected from control animals. This novel botanical biofactory approach can be used to produce sufficient quantities of highly enriched and pure 13C-lutein doses for use in tracer studies investigating lutein distribution, metabolism, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua W Smith
- 1 Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Randy B Rogers
- 2 Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Sookyoung Jeon
- 1 Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Stanislav S Rubakhin
- 3 Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- 3 Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jonathan V Sweedler
- 3 Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Martha Neuringer
- 4 Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | | | - John W Erdman
- 1 Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,2 Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Assessment of lutein, zeaxanthin and meso-zeaxanthin concentrations in dietary supplements by chiral high-performance liquid chromatography. Eur Food Res Technol 2015; 242:599-608. [PMID: 27069419 PMCID: PMC4788689 DOI: 10.1007/s00217-015-2569-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the concordance between actual and declared content of the three macular carotenoids in commercially available supplements aimed at eye health. Three batches of nine products were tested for content of lutein (L), zeaxanthin (Z) and meso-zeaxanthin (MZ) by chiral HPLC–DAD. In every product tested, actual L concentration was close to target, but Z concentration varied greatly (47–248 % of declared concentration), and the L:Z ratio within some supplements was adversely affected in consequence. In six of seven products not declaring MZ, we found this carotenoid, and four of them, using the same L source, contained a concentration of MZ that correlated positively and significantly with measured concentrations of L (r2 = 0.86; P < 0.001). More transparency is needed in terms of concordance between actual and declared concentrations of Z in commercially available formulations, and MZ should be declared in those formulations where it is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Nolan
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, UK
| | - K Meagher
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, UK
| | - S Kashani
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, UK
| | - S Beatty
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, UK
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