1
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Palmer WH, Norman PJ. The impact of HLA polymorphism on herpesvirus infection and disease. Immunogenetics 2023; 75:231-247. [PMID: 36595060 PMCID: PMC10205880 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-022-01288-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) are cell surface molecules, central in coordinating innate and adaptive immune responses, that are targets of strong diversifying natural selection by pathogens. Of these pathogens, human herpesviruses have a uniquely ancient relationship with our species, where coevolution likely has reciprocating impact on HLA and viral genomic diversity. Consistent with this notion, genetic variation at multiple HLA loci is strongly associated with modulating immunity to herpesvirus infection. Here, we synthesize published genetic associations of HLA with herpesvirus infection and disease, both from case/control and genome-wide association studies. We analyze genetic associations across the eight human herpesviruses and identify HLA alleles that are associated with diverse herpesvirus-related phenotypes. We find that whereas most HLA genetic associations are virus- or disease-specific, HLA-A*01 and HLA-A*02 allotypes may be more generally associated with immune susceptibility and control, respectively, across multiple herpesviruses. Connecting genetic association data with functional corroboration, we discuss mechanisms by which diverse HLA and cognate receptor allotypes direct variable immune responses during herpesvirus infection and pathogenesis. Together, this review examines the complexity of HLA-herpesvirus interactions driven by differential T cell and Natural Killer cell immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H. Palmer
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO USA
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Paul J. Norman
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO USA
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO USA
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2
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Farzamikia N, Hejazian SM, Haghi M, Hejazian SS, Zununi Vahed S, Ardalan M. Evaluation of telomeric KIR genes and their association with CMV infection in kidney transplant recipients. Immunogenetics 2022; 74:207-212. [DOI: 10.1007/s00251-021-01245-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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3
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Duygu B, Olieslagers TI, Groeneweg M, Voorter CEM, Wieten L. HLA Class I Molecules as Immune Checkpoints for NK Cell Alloreactivity and Anti-Viral Immunity in Kidney Transplantation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:680480. [PMID: 34295330 PMCID: PMC8290519 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.680480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that can kill diseased- or virally-infected cells, mediate antibody dependent cytotoxicity and produce type I immune-associated cytokines upon activation. NK cells also contribute to the allo-immune response upon kidney transplantation either by promoting allograft rejection through lysis of cells of the transplanted organ or by promoting alloreactive T cells. In addition, they protect against viral infections upon transplantation which may be especially relevant in patients receiving high dose immune suppression. NK cell activation is tightly regulated through the integrated balance of signaling via inhibitory- and activating receptors. HLA class I molecules are critical regulators of NK cell activation through the interaction with inhibitory- as well as activating NK cell receptors, hence, HLA molecules act as critical immune checkpoints for NK cells. In the current review, we evaluate how NK cell alloreactivity and anti-viral immunity are regulated by NK cell receptors belonging to the KIR family and interacting with classical HLA class I molecules, or by NKG2A/C and LILRB1/KIR2DL4 engaging non-classical HLA-E or -G. In addition, we provide an overview of the methods to determine genetic variation in these receptors and their HLA ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Duygu
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.,GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Timo I Olieslagers
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.,GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Mathijs Groeneweg
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.,GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Christina E M Voorter
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.,GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Lotte Wieten
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.,GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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4
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Burek Kamenaric M, Ivkovic V, Kovacevic Vojtusek I, Zunec R. The Role of HLA and KIR Immunogenetics in BK Virus Infection after Kidney Transplantation. Viruses 2020; 12:v12121417. [PMID: 33317205 PMCID: PMC7763146 DOI: 10.3390/v12121417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BK virus (BKV) is a polyomavirus with high seroprevalence in the general population with an unremarkable clinical presentation in healthy people, but a potential for causing serious complications in immunosuppressed transplanted patients. Reactivation or primary infection in kidney allograft recipients may lead to allograft dysfunction and subsequent loss. Currently, there is no widely accepted specific treatment for BKV infection and reduction of immunosuppressive therapy is the mainstay therapy. Given this and the sequential appearance of viruria-viremia-nephropathy, screening and early detection are of utmost importance. There are numerous risk factors associated with BKV infection including genetic factors, among them human leukocyte antigens (HLA) and killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) alleles have been shown to be the strongest so far. Identification of patients at risk for BKV infection would be useful in prevention or early action to reduce morbidity and progression to frank nephropathy. Assessment of risk involving HLA ligands and KIR genotyping of recipients in the pre-transplant or early post-transplant period might be useful in clinical practice. This review summarizes current knowledge of the association between HLA, KIR and BKV infection and potential future directions of research, which might lead to optimal utilization of these genetic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Burek Kamenaric
- Tissue Typing Center, Clinical Department of Transfusion Medicine and Transplantation Biology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Vanja Ivkovic
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, Dialysis and Transplantation, University Hospital Center Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.I.); (I.K.V.)
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ivana Kovacevic Vojtusek
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, Dialysis and Transplantation, University Hospital Center Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.I.); (I.K.V.)
| | - Renata Zunec
- Tissue Typing Center, Clinical Department of Transfusion Medicine and Transplantation Biology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Correspondence:
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5
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Dynamic Changes of Inhibitory Killer-Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors on NK Cells after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: An Initial Study. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9113502. [PMID: 33138211 PMCID: PMC7692795 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9113502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Killer-immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are critical natural killer (NK) cell regulators. The expression of KIRs is a dynamic process influenced by many factors. Their ligands-HLA(Human Leukocyte Antigen) class I molecules-are expressed on all nucleated cells that keep NK cells under control. In hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), NK cells play an essential role in relapse protection. In the presented pilot study, we characterized the dynamic expression of inhibitory KIRS (iKIRs), which protect cells against untoward lysis, in donors and patients during the first three months after HSCT using flow cytometry. The expression of all iKIRs was highly variable and sometimes correlated with patients' clinical presentation and therapy regiment. Cyclophosphamide (Cy) in the graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) prevention protocol downregulated KIR2DL1 to just 25% of the original donor value, and the FEAM (Fludarabine + Etoposid + Ara-C + Melphalan) conditioning protocol reduced KIR2DL3. In lymphoid neoplasms, there was a slightly increased KIR2DL3 expression compared to myeloid malignancies. Additionally, we showed that the ex vivo activation of NK cells did not alter the level of iKIRs. Our study shows the influence of pre- and post-transplantation protocols on iKIR expression on the surface of NK cells and the importance of monitoring their cell surface.
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Husain B, Ramani SR, Chiang E, Lehoux I, Paduchuri S, Arena TA, Patel A, Wilson B, Chan P, Franke Y, Wong AW, Lill JR, Turley SJ, Gonzalez LC, Grogan JL, Martinez-Martin N. A Platform for Extracellular Interactome Discovery Identifies Novel Functional Binding Partners for the Immune Receptors B7-H3/CD276 and PVR/CD155. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:2310-2323. [PMID: 31308249 PMCID: PMC6823854 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.tir119.001433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptors expressed on the plasma membrane and their interacting partners critically regulate cellular communication during homeostasis and disease, and as such represent main therapeutic targets. Despite its importance for drug development, receptor-ligand proteomics has remained a daunting field, in part because of the challenges associated to the study of membrane-expressed proteins. Here, to enable sensitive detection of receptor-ligand interactions in high throughput, we implement a new platform, the Conditioned Media AlphaScreen, for interrogation of a library consisting of most single transmembrane human proteins. Using this method to study key immune receptors, we identify and further validate the interleukin receptor IL20RA as the first binding partner for the checkpoint inhibitor B7-H3. Further, KIR2DL5, a natural killer cell protein that had remained orphan, is uncovered as a functional binding partner for the poliovirus receptor (PVR). This interaction is characterized using orthogonal assays, which demonstrate that PVR specifically engages KIR2DL5 on natural killer cells leading to inhibition of cytotoxicity. Altogether, these results reveal unappreciated links between protein families that may importantly influence receptor-driven functions during disease. Applicable to any target of interest, this technology represents a versatile and powerful approach for elucidation of receptor-ligand interactomes, which is essential to understand basic aspects of the biology of the plasma membrane proteins and ultimately inform the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Husain
- Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Sree R Ramani
- Portfolio Management and Operations, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Eugene Chiang
- Cancer Immunology Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Sairupa Paduchuri
- Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Tia A Arena
- Cell Culture, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Ashka Patel
- 23 & me Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Blair Wilson
- Biochemical Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Pamela Chan
- Biochemical Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Yvonne Franke
- BioMolecular Resources, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Jennie R Lill
- Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Shannon J Turley
- Cancer Immunology Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Lino C Gonzalez
- Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA; 23 & me Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Jane L Grogan
- Cancer Immunology Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Nadia Martinez-Martin
- Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA.
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7
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Yu K, Davidson CL, Wójtowicz A, Lisboa L, Wang T, Airo AM, Villard J, Buratto J, Sandalova T, Achour A, Humar A, Boggian K, Cusini A, van Delden C, Egli A, Manuel O, Mueller N, Bochud PY, Burshtyn DN. LILRB1 polymorphisms influence posttransplant HCMV susceptibility and ligand interactions. J Clin Invest 2018. [PMID: 29528338 DOI: 10.1172/jci96174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UL18 is a human CMV (HCMV) MHC class I (MHCI) homolog that efficiently inhibits leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 1 (LILRB1)+ NK cells. We found an association of LILRB1 polymorphisms in the regulatory regions and ligand-binding domains with control of HCMV in transplant patients. Naturally occurring LILRB1 variants expressed in model NK cells showed functional differences with UL18 and classical MHCI, but not with HLA-G. The altered functional recognition was recapitulated in binding assays with the binding domains of LILRB1. Each of 4 nonsynonymous substitutions in the first 2 LILRB1 immunoglobulin domains contributed to binding with UL18, classical MHCI, and HLA-G. One of the polymorphisms controlled addition of an N-linked glycan, and that mutation of the glycosylation site altered binding to all ligands tested, including enhancing binding to UL18. Together, these findings indicate that specific LILRB1 alleles that allow for superior immune evasion by HCMV are restricted by mutations that limit LILRB1 expression selectively on NK cells. The polymorphisms also maintained an appropriate interaction with HLA-G, fitting with a principal role of LILRB1 in fetal tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Yu
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Chelsea L Davidson
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Agnieszka Wójtowicz
- Infectious Diseases Service, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luiz Lisboa
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ting Wang
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Adriana M Airo
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jean Villard
- Immunology and Transplant Unit, Service of Nephrology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jeremie Buratto
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, and Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tatyana Sandalova
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, and Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adnane Achour
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, and Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Atul Humar
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katia Boggian
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Alexia Cusini
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian van Delden
- Transplant Infectious Diseases Unit, University Hospitals Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Egli
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Applied Microbiology Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oriol Manuel
- Infectious Diseases Service and Transplantation Center, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Mueller
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Yves Bochud
- Infectious Diseases Service, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Deborah N Burshtyn
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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8
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Liston A, Carr EJ, Linterman MA. Shaping Variation in the Human Immune System. Trends Immunol 2017; 37:637-646. [PMID: 27692231 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Immune responses demonstrate a high level of intra-species variation, compensating for the specialization capacity of pathogens. The recent advent of in-depth immune phenotyping projects in large-scale cohorts has allowed a first look into the factors that shape the inter-individual diversity of the human immune system. Genetic approaches have identified genetic diversity as drivers of 20-40% of the variation between the immune systems of individuals. The remaining 60-80% is shaped by intrinsic factors, with age being the predominant factor, as well as by environmental influences, where cohabitation and chronic viral infections were identified as key mediators. We review and integrate the recent in-depth large-scale studies on human immune diversity and its potential impact on health. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Liston
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
| | - Edward J Carr
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signaling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Michelle A Linterman
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signaling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK.
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9
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Wang CM, Wang SH, Jan Wu YJ, Lin JC, Wu J, Chen JY. Human Leukocyte Antigen C*12:02:02 and Killer Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor 2DL5 are Distinctly Associated with Ankylosing Spondylitis in the Taiwanese. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1775. [PMID: 28812990 PMCID: PMC5578164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I ligands and Killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) regulate the cytolytic activity of natural killer (NK) cells and certain T cells. We examined their genetic predisposition to disease susceptibility and clinical phenotypes in Taiwanese ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients. KIR genotyping and Human Leucocyte Antigen C (HLA-C) sequencing were performed in 653 Taiwanese AS patients and 952 healthy controls. KIR genotype distributions and HLA-C allele frequencies were compared in patients and controls and among patients with and without HLA-B27 positivity, early age onset and spinal syndesmophytes. HLA-C alleles were functionally characterized using 3D structural modelling with peptide simulation. This study discovered that the HLA-C*12:02:02 allele (43.42% vs. 3.31%; p < 0.00001 odds ratio (OR), 16.88; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 11.27-25.28) confers a strong risk for Taiwanese AS development. The 3D modelling results identified four unique amino acid polymorphisms, Ala73, Trp156, Arg219 and Met304, that may affect the function of the HLA-C*12:02:02 allele. KIR2DL5 (p = 0.0047; pFDR = 0.0423) and the KIR Bx haplotype (p = 0.0000275) were protective against Taiwanese AS, while KIR 2DS4/1D (22 base pair truncated deletion; p = 0.0044; pFDR = 0.1998) appeared to be a risk factor for it. KIR2DL5 combined with the HLA-C1/C2 heterozygous genotype showed a protective effect (AS 5.97% vs. normal 11.66%; p = 0.002; pFDR = 0.0127, OR, 0.48 95% CI: 0.33-0.70); in contrast, KIR 2DS4/1D combined with the HLA-C1C1 homozygous genotype (AS 45.33% vs. normal 35.92%; p = 0.002; pFDR = 0.0127, OR, 1.48 95% CI: 1.21-1.81) represented a risk factor for AS development. Our data suggested that interactions between KIRs and their cognate HLA-C ligands may contribute to the pathogenesis of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Man Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33375, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng-Hung Wang
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 33375, Taiwan.
| | - Yeong-Jian Jan Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 5, Fu-Shin St. Kuei-Shan, Taoyuan 33375, Taiwan.
| | - Jing-Chi Lin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 5, Fu-Shin St. Kuei-Shan, Taoyuan 33375, Taiwan.
| | - Jianming Wu
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
| | - Ji-Yih Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 5, Fu-Shin St. Kuei-Shan, Taoyuan 33375, Taiwan.
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10
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López-Botet M, Vilches C, Redondo-Pachón D, Muntasell A, Pupuleku A, Yélamos J, Pascual J, Crespo M. Dual Role of Natural Killer Cells on Graft Rejection and Control of Cytomegalovirus Infection in Renal Transplantation. Front Immunol 2017; 8:166. [PMID: 28261220 PMCID: PMC5311043 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Allograft rejection constitutes a major complication of solid organ transplantation requiring prophylactic/therapeutic immunosuppression, which increases susceptibility of patients to infections and cancer. Beyond the pivotal role of alloantigen-specific T cells and antibodies in the pathogenesis of rejection, natural killer (NK) cells may display alloreactive potential in case of mismatch between recipient inhibitory killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and graft HLA class I molecules. Several studies have addressed the impact of this variable in kidney transplant with conflicting conclusions; yet, increasing evidence supports that alloantibody-mediated NK cell activation via FcγRIIIA (CD16) contributes to rejection. On the other hand, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection constitutes a risk factor directly associated with the rate of graft loss and reduced host survival. The levels of HCMV-specific CD8+ T cells have been reported to predict the risk of posttransplant infection, and KIR-B haplotypes containing activating KIR genes have been related with protection. HCMV infection promotes to a variable extent an adaptive differentiation and expansion of a subset of mature NK cells, which display the CD94/NKG2C-activating receptor. Evidence supporting that adaptive NKG2C+ NK cells may contribute to control the viral infection in kidney transplant recipients has been recently obtained. The dual role of NK cells in the interrelation of HCMV infection with rejection deserves attention. Further phenotypic, functional, and genetic analyses of NK cells may provide additional insights on the pathogenesis of solid organ transplant complications, leading to the development of biomarkers with potential clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel López-Botet
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Immunology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain; Univ. Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Vilches
- Immunogenetics-Histocompatibility, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro , Majadahonda , Spain
| | - Dolores Redondo-Pachón
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aura Muntasell
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM) , Barcelona , Spain
| | | | - José Yélamos
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Immunology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julio Pascual
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Crespo
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Jiang W, Johnson C, Simecek N, López-Álvarez MR, Di D, Trowsdale J, Traherne JA. qKAT: a high-throughput qPCR method for KIR gene copy number and haplotype determination. Genome Med 2016; 8:99. [PMID: 27686127 PMCID: PMC5041586 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-016-0358-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs), expressed on natural killer cells and T cells, have considerable biomedical relevance playing significant roles in immunity, pregnancy and transplantation. The KIR locus is one of the most complex and polymorphic regions of the human genome. Extensive sequence homology and copy number variation makes KIRs technically laborious and expensive to type. To aid the investigation of KIRs in human disease we developed a high-throughput, multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction method to determine gene copy number for each KIR locus. We used reference DNA samples to validate the accuracy and a cohort of 1698 individuals to evaluate capability for precise copy number discrimination. The method provides improved information and identifies KIR haplotype alterations that were not previously visible using other approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Jiang
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - C Johnson
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - N Simecek
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - M R López-Álvarez
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - D Di
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - J Trowsdale
- Immunology Division, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - J A Traherne
- Immunology Division, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK.
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12
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Drylewicz J, Schellens IMM, Gaiser R, Nanlohy NM, Quakkelaar ED, Otten H, van Dorp S, Jacobi R, Ran L, Spijkers S, Koning D, Schuurman R, Meijer E, Pietersma FL, Kuball J, van Baarle D. Rapid reconstitution of CD4 T cells and NK cells protects against CMV-reactivation after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. J Transl Med 2016; 14:230. [PMID: 27484705 PMCID: PMC4971638 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0988-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epstein-Barr virus and Cytomegalovirus reactivations frequently occur after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). METHODS Here we investigated the role of immune cell reconstitution in the onset and subsequent severity of EBV- and CMV-reactivation. To this end, 116 patients were prospectively sampled for absolute T cell (CD4 and CD8), B-cell (CD19) and NK-cell (CD16 and CD56) numbers weekly post-SCT during the first 3 months and thereafter monthly until 6 months post-SCT. Viral load was monitored in parallel. RESULTS In contrast to the general belief, we found that early T-cell reconstitution does not play a role in the onset of viral reactivation. CMV reactivation in the first 7 weeks after SCT however resulted in higher absolute CD8(+) T-cell numbers 6 months post-SCT in patients with high-level reactivation, many of which were CMV-specific. Interestingly, rapid reconstitution of CD4(+) T-cells, as well as NK cells and the presence of donor KIR3DL1, are associated with the absence of CMV-reactivation after SCT, suggestive of a protective role of these cells. In contrast, EBV-reactivations were not affected in any way by the level of immune reconstitution after SCT. CONCLUSION In conclusion, these data suggest that CD4(+) T-cells and NK cells, rather than CD8(+) T-cells, are associated with protection against CMV-reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Drylewicz
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid M M Schellens
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rogier Gaiser
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nening M Nanlohy
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Esther D Quakkelaar
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henny Otten
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne van Dorp
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Haematology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald Jacobi
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Leonie Ran
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne Spijkers
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dan Koning
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ellen Meijer
- Department of Haematology, VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Floortje L Pietersma
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jurgen Kuball
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Haematology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Debbie van Baarle
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,Department of Immune Mechanisms, National Institute for Public Health and the environment (RIVM), Center for Infectious Disease Control, Antonie van leeuwenhoeklaan 9, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
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13
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Trowsdale J, Jones DC, Barrow AD, Traherne JA. Surveillance of cell and tissue perturbation by receptors in the LRC. Immunol Rev 2016; 267:117-36. [PMID: 26284474 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The human leukocyte receptor complex (LRC) encompasses several sets of genes with a common evolutionary origin and which form a branch of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF). Comparisons of LRC genes both within and between species calls for a high degree of plasticity. The drive for this unprecedented level of variation is not known, but it relates in part to interaction of several LRC products with polymorphic human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules. However, the range of other proposed ligands for LRC products indicates a dynamic set of receptors that have adapted to detect target molecules relating to numerous cellular pathways. Several receptors in the complex bind a molecular signature in collagenous ligands. Others detect a variety of motifs relating to pathogens in addition to cellular stress, attesting to the opportunistic versatility of LRC receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Trowsdale
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Des C Jones
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexander D Barrow
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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14
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Borghi A, D'Accolti M, Rizzo R, Virgili A, Di Luca D, Corazza M, Caselli E. High prevalence of specific KIR types in patients with HHV-8 positive cutaneous vascular lesions: a possible predisposing factor? Arch Dermatol Res 2016; 308:373-7. [PMID: 27059715 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-016-1643-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) has been hypothesized to be a potential cofactor for the development of diverse cutaneous vascular proliferative lesions, including eruptive cherry angiomas. Recent reports evidenced the influence of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) gene diversity in defining the susceptibility to symptomatic herpesvirus infections. In this study, skin samples from vascular lesions and healthy controls were characterized simultaneously for the presence of HHV8 and for the KIR genotype, focusing upon the presence of the KIR2DL2/DS2 and KIR2DL3 genes, which have been associated to herpesvirus susceptibility. The results showed that about 64 % of the vascular lesions resulted positive for the presence of HHV8, whereas no control healthy skin samples harbored HHV8 DNA. HHV8-positive patients had a significantly increased frequency of KIR2DL2/DS2 homozigosity and a concomitant decrease of the homozygous KIR2DL3 genotype, compared to healthy controls or HHV8-negative patients. Notably, the simultaneous presence of KIR2DL2/DS2 homozygosity and HHV8 infection resulted in a significantly increased risk to develop cutaneous lesions (OR 5.7) compared to the individual factors alone, suggesting that specific KIR genotypes might predispose to HHV8 symptomatic infection, allowing the virus to exert its angioproliferative activity at skin level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Borghi
- Section of Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria D'Accolti
- Section of Microbiology and Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberta Rizzo
- Section of Microbiology and Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Annarosa Virgili
- Section of Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Dario Di Luca
- Section of Microbiology and Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Monica Corazza
- Section of Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Caselli
- Section of Microbiology and Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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15
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Mahfouz R, Hoteit R, El Hajj N, Shammaa D, Sharara AI. KIR genotype distribution among symptomatic patients with and without Helicobacter pylori infection: is there any role for the B haplotype? J Clin Pathol 2014; 68:40-3. [PMID: 25352645 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2014-202638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Contact of peripheral blood lymphocytes with Helicobacter pylori was proved to induce non- major histocompatibility complex-restricted cytotoxicity and natural killer cells are thought to play an important role in the immunity against H. pylori. AIMS In this research, we investigated any possible association between killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) genotypes and H. pylori infection. METHODS KIR genotype was analysed in 101 Lebanese symptomatic patients (51 H. pylori positive and 50 H. pylori-negative) using the KIR Genotyping SSP kit. RESULTS Among the H. pylori-positive patients, the AA, AB and BB genotypical frequencies were, respectively, 43.14%, 41.18% and 15.68% with an A:B ratio of 1.76:1. The AA, AB and BB genotypes frequencies for H. pylori-negative individuals were 18%, 62% and 20%, respectively, with an A:B ratio of 0.96:1. No significant difference between patients and controls was detected. CONCLUSIONS We noticed a reduced distribution of A haplotype among the 'H. pylori-negative' patients as compared with the "H. pylori-positive" group. This is the first study in the international literature that targets the correlation between KIR genotypes and H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mahfouz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - R Hoteit
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - N El Hajj
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - D Shammaa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - A I Sharara
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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