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Aubin AM, Lombard-Vadnais F, Collin R, Aliesky HA, McLachlan SM, Lesage S. The NOD Mouse Beyond Autoimmune Diabetes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:874769. [PMID: 35572553 PMCID: PMC9102607 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.874769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diabetes arises spontaneously in Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) mice, and the pathophysiology of this disease shares many similarities with human type 1 diabetes. Since its generation in 1980, the NOD mouse, derived from the Cataract Shinogi strain, has represented the gold standard of spontaneous disease models, allowing to investigate autoimmune diabetes disease progression and susceptibility traits, as well as to test a wide array of potential treatments and therapies. Beyond autoimmune diabetes, NOD mice also exhibit polyautoimmunity, presenting with a low incidence of autoimmune thyroiditis and Sjögren’s syndrome. Genetic manipulation of the NOD strain has led to the generation of new mouse models facilitating the study of these and other autoimmune pathologies. For instance, following deletion of specific genes or via insertion of resistance alleles at genetic loci, NOD mice can become fully resistant to autoimmune diabetes; yet the newly generated diabetes-resistant NOD strains often show a high incidence of other autoimmune diseases. This suggests that the NOD genetic background is highly autoimmune-prone and that genetic manipulations can shift the autoimmune response from the pancreas to other organs. Overall, multiple NOD variant strains have become invaluable tools for understanding the pathophysiology of and for dissecting the genetic susceptibility of organ-specific autoimmune diseases. An interesting commonality to all autoimmune diseases developing in variant strains of the NOD mice is the presence of autoantibodies. This review will present the NOD mouse as a model for studying autoimmune diseases beyond autoimmune diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Aubin
- Immunology-Oncology Division, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Félix Lombard-Vadnais
- Immunology-Oncology Division, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Roxanne Collin
- Immunology-Oncology Division, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- CellCarta, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Holly A. Aliesky
- Thyroid Autoimmune Disease Unit, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sandra M. McLachlan
- Thyroid Autoimmune Disease Unit, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sylvie Lesage
- Immunology-Oncology Division, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Sylvie Lesage, ;
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You G, Zu B, Wang B, Fu Q, Li F. Identification of miRNA-mRNA-TFs Regulatory Network and Crucial Pathways Involved in Tetralogy of Fallot. Front Genet 2020; 11:552. [PMID: 32595699 PMCID: PMC7303929 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease. However, its pathogenesis remains unknown. To explore key regulatory connections and crucial pathways underlying the TOF, gene or microRNA expression profile datasets of human TOF were obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) and microRNAs (DEmiRs) between TOF and healthy groups were identified after data preprocessing, followed by Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. Then, we further constructed protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and subnetwork of modules. Ultimately, to investigate the regulatory network underlying TOF, a global triple network including miRNAs, mRNAs, and transcription factors (TFs) was constructed based on the integrated data. In the present study, a total of 529 DEmRNAs, including 115 downregulated and 414 upregulated DEmRNAs, and 7 significantly upregulated DemiRs, including miR-499, miR-23b, miR-222, miR-1275, miR-93, miR-155, and miR-187, were found between TOF and control groups. Furthermore, 22 hub genes ranked by top 5% genes with high connectivity and six TFs, including SRF, CNOT4, SIX6, SRRM3, NELFA, and ONECUT3, were identified and might play crucial roles in the molecular pathogenesis of TOF. Additionally, an miRNA-mRNA-TF co-regulatory network was established and indicated ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, energy metabolism associated pathways, neurodevelopmental disorder associated pathways, and ribosomes might be involved in the pathogenesis of TOF. The current research provides a comprehensive perspective of regulatory mechanism networks underlying TOF and also identifies potential molecule targets of genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis for TOF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoling You
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bailing Zu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qihua Fu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fen Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Li M, Jin X, Li H, Yang C, Deng S, Wu G. Comprehensive Analysis of Key Genes and Regulatory Elements in Osteosarcoma Affected by Bone Matrix Mineral With Prognostic Values. Front Genet 2020; 11:533. [PMID: 32582282 PMCID: PMC7283541 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is one of the most common types of bone sarcoma with a poor prognosis. However, genes involved in the mineral metabolism in the microenvironment of the bone affected by osteosarcoma are, to date, largely unknown. A public data series (GSE114237) was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between osteosarcoma cells adhering to demineralized osseous surfaces and mineralized osseous surfaces. Functional enrichment analysis of DEGs and hub genes, protein-protein interaction network of DEGs and regulatory network (miRNA-mRNA network and transcription factor (TF)-mRNA network), survival analysis of hub genes was visualized. The prognostic hub genes were considered as candidate genes and their functional predictions were analyzed. A total of 207 DEGs were mainly enriched in extracellular space and thirteen hub genes were mainly enriched in the function of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. However, out of these, only one candidate gene was found to be suitable as a candidate gene. Besides that, 297 miRNAs and 349 TFs interacting with the hub genes were screened. In conclusion, the DEGs, hub genes, miRNAs and TFs screened out in this research could contribute to comprehend the latent mechanisms in osteosarcoma affected by matrix mineral and provide potential research molecular for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Digestive Surgical Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Caihong Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sisi Deng
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Wang Z, Gao X, Zeng R, Wu Q, Sun H, Wu W, Zhang X, Sun G, Yan B, Wu L, Ren R, Guo M, Peng L, Yang Y. Changes of the Gastric Mucosal Microbiome Associated With Histological Stages of Gastric Carcinogenesis. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:997. [PMID: 32547510 PMCID: PMC7272699 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The changes of gastric microbiome across stages of neoplastic progression remain poorly understood, especially for intraepithelial neoplasia (IN) which has been recognized as a phenotypic bridge between atrophic/intestinal metaplastic lesions and invasive cancer. The gastric microbiota was investigated in 30 healthy controls (HC), 21 non-atrophic chronic gastritis (CG), 27 gastric intestinal metaplasia (IM), 25 IN, and 29 gastric cancer (GC) patients by 16S rRNA gene profiling. The bacterial diversity, and abundances of phyla Armatimonadetes, Chloroflexi, Elusimicrobia, Nitrospirae, Planctomycetes, Verrucomicrobia, and WS3 reduced progressively from CG, through IM, IN to GC. Actinobacteria, Bacteriodes, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, SR1, and TM7 were enriched in the IN and GC. At the community level, the proportions of Gram-positive and anaerobic bacteria increased in the IN and GC compared to other histological types, whereas the aerobic and facultatively anaerobic bacteria taxa were significantly reduced in GC. Remarkable changes in the gastric microbiota functions were detected after the formation of IN. The reduced nitrite-oxidizing phylum Nitrospirae together with a decreased nitrate/nitrite reductase functions indicated nitrate accumulation during neoplastic progression. We constructed a random forest model, which had a very high accuracy (AUC > 0.95) in predicating the histological types with as low as five gastric bacterial taxa. In summary, the changing patterns of the gastric microbiota composition and function are highly indicative of stages of neoplastic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zikai Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefeng Gao
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ranran Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huaibo Sun
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenming Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rongrong Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mingzhou Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yunsheng Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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De Mandal S, Lin B, Shi M, Li Y, Xu X, Jin F. iTRAQ-Based Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Larval Midgut From the Beet Armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Challenged With the Entomopathogenic Bacteria Serratia marcescens. Front Physiol 2020; 11:442. [PMID: 32457652 PMCID: PMC7227483 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Entomopathogenic bacteria Serratia marcescens is widely used as an environmentally friendly biocontrol agent against various pests, including Spodoptera exigua. Understanding the immune defense mechanism of S. exigua through comparative proteomic analysis can identify the key proteins expressed in response to the microbial infection. Here, we employed the as isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) technique to investigate the effects of S. marcescens on the proteomic expression of S. exigua. Based on the molecular functional analysis, the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were mainly involved in the binding process and catalytic activities. Further bioinformatics analysis revealed important DEPs that played a crucial role in innate immunity of S. exigua with recognition (C-type lectin), melanization (propanol oxidase 3, serine protease, Serine-type carboxypeptidase activity, clip domain serine protease 4), antimicrobial activity (lysozyme, lysozyme-like, gloverin, cecropin B), detoxification (acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase, 3-dehydroecdysone 3-alpha-reductase, glucuronosyltransferase, glutathione S-transferase) and others. The Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) results further indicated the significant upregulation of the immune-related genes in Spodoptera exigua following S. marcescens infection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first iTRAQ based study to characterize S. marcescens mediated proteomic changes in S. exigua and identified important immune-related DEPs. The results of this study will provide an essential resource for understanding the host-pathogen interactions and the development of novel microbial biopesticides against various pests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiaoxia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengliang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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McLachlan SM, Aliesky HA, Rapoport B. To reflect human autoimmune thyroiditis, thyroid peroxidase (not thyroglobulin) antibodies should be measured in female (not sex-independent) NOD.H2 h4 mice. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 196:52-58. [PMID: 30566234 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
NOD.H2h4 mice are the most commonly used model for human autoimmune thyroiditis. Because thyroid autoimmunity develops slowly (over months), NOD.H2h4 mice are usually exposed to excess dietary iodide to accelerate and amplify the process. However, unlike the female bias in human thyroid autoimmunity, autoantibodies to thyroglobulin (TgAb) are reported to be similar in male and female NOD.H2h4 . We sought evidence for sexual dimorphism in other parameters in this strain maintained on regular or iodized water. Without iodide, TgAb levels are higher in males than in females, the reverse of human disease. In humans, autoantibodies to thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb) are a better marker of disease than TgAb. In NOD.H2h4 mice TPOAb develop more slowly than TgAb, being detectable at 6 months of age versus 4 months for the latter. Remarkably, unlike TgAb, TPOAb levels are higher in female than male NOD.H2h4 mice on both regular and iodized water. As previously observed, serum T4 levels are similar in both sexes. However, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels are significantly higher in males than females with or without iodide exposure. TSH levels correlate with TgAb levels in male NOD.H2h4 mice, suggesting a possible role for TSH in TgAb development. However, there is no correlation between TSH and TPOAb levels, the latter more important than TgAb in human disease. In conclusion, if the goal of an animal model is to closely reflect human disease, TPOAb rather than TgAb should be measured in older female NOD.H2h4 mice, an approach requiring patience and the use of mouse TPO protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M McLachlan
- Thyroid Autoimmune Disease Unit, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute and UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - H A Aliesky
- Thyroid Autoimmune Disease Unit, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute and UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - B Rapoport
- Thyroid Autoimmune Disease Unit, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute and UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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McLachlan SM, Aliesky HA, Garcia P, Banuelos B, Rapoport B. Thyroid Hemiagenesis in a Thyroiditis Prone Mouse Strain. Eur Thyroid J 2018; 7:187-192. [PMID: 30283736 PMCID: PMC6140602 DOI: 10.1159/000490700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid hemiagenesis, a rare congenital condition detected by ultrasound screening of the neck, is usually not manifested clinically in humans. This condition has been reported in mice with hypothyroidism associated with induced deficiency in paired box 8 and NK2 homeobox 1, sonic hedgehog, or T-box 1. Unexpectedly, we observed thyroid hemiagenesis in NOD.H2h4 mice, an unusual strain that spontaneously develops iodide enhanced thyroid autoimmunity but remains euthyroid. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS First, to compare mice with thyroid hemiagenesis versus bilobed littermates for serum T4, autoantibodies to thyroglobulin (ELISA) and thyroid peroxidase (TPO; flow cytometry with eukaryotic cells expressing mouse TPO), gross anatomy, and thyroid histology; second, to estimate the percentage of mice with thyroid hemiagenesis in the NOD.H2h4 mice we have studied over 6 years. RESULTS Thyroid hemiagenesis was observed in 3 of 1,025 NOD.H2h4 mice (2 females, 1 male; 0.3$). Two instances of hemiagenesis were in wild-type females and one in a transgenic male expressing the human TSHR A-subunit in the thyroid. Two mice had very large unilobed glands, as in some human cases with this condition. Thyroid lymphocytic infiltration, serum T4, and the levels of thyroid autoantibodies were similar in mice with thyroid hemiagenesis and bilobed littermates. CONCLUSIONS Unlike hypothyroidism associated with hemiagenesis in transcription factor knockout mice, hemiagenesis in euthyroid NOD.H2h4 mice occurs spontaneously and is phenotypically similar to that occasionally observed in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M. McLachlan
- Thyroid Autoimmune Disease Unit, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
- UCLA School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- *Sandra M. McLachlan, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, B-131, Los Angeles, CA 90048 (USA), E-Mail
| | - Holly A. Aliesky
- Thyroid Autoimmune Disease Unit, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Priscilla Garcia
- Thyroid Autoimmune Disease Unit, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Bianca Banuelos
- Thyroid Autoimmune Disease Unit, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Basil Rapoport
- Thyroid Autoimmune Disease Unit, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
- UCLA School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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McLachlan SM, Aliesky HA, Rapoport B. Aberrant Iodine Autoregulation Induces Hypothyroidism in a Mouse Strain in the Absence of Thyroid Autoimmunity. J Endocr Soc 2018; 2:63-76. [PMID: 29379895 PMCID: PMC5779109 DOI: 10.1210/js.2017-00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated factors underlying the varying effects of a high dietary iodide intake on serum T4 levels in a wide spectrum of mouse strains, including thyroiditis-susceptible NOD.H2h4, NOD.H2k, and NOD mice, as well as other strains (BALB/c, C57BL/6, NOD.Lc7, and B10.A4R) not previously investigated. Mice were maintained for up to 8 months on control or iodide-supplemented water (NaI 0.05%). On iodized water, serum T4 was reduced in BALB/c (males and females) in association with colloid goiters but was not significantly changed in mice that developed thyroiditis, namely NOD.H2h4 (males and females) or male NOD.H2k mice. Neither goiters nor decreased T4 developed in C57BL/6, NOD, NOD.Lc7, or B10.A4R female mice. In further studies, we focused on males in the BALB/c and NOD.H2h4 strains that demonstrated a large divergence in the T4 response to excess iodide. Excess iodide ingestion increased serum TSH levels to the same extent in both strains, yet thyroidal sodium iodide symporter (NIS) messenger RNA (mRNA) levels (quantitative polymerase chain reaction) revealed greatly divergent responses. NOD.H2h4 mice that remained euthyroid displayed a physiological NIS iodine autoregulatory response, whereas NIS mRNA was inappropriately elevated in BALB/c mice that became hypothyroid. Thus, autoimmune thyroiditis-prone NOD.H2h4 mice adapted normally to a high iodide intake, presumably by escape from the Wolff-Chaikoff block. In contrast, BALB/c mice that did not spontaneously develop thyroiditis failed to escape from this block and became hypothyroid. These data in mice may provide insight into the mechanism by which iodide-induced hypothyroidism occurs in some humans without an underlying thyroid disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M. McLachlan
- Thyroid Autoimmune Disease Unit, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute, Los Angeles, California 90048
- UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Holly A. Aliesky
- Thyroid Autoimmune Disease Unit, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute, Los Angeles, California 90048
| | - Basil Rapoport
- Thyroid Autoimmune Disease Unit, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute, Los Angeles, California 90048
- UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095
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McLachlan SM, Lesage S, Collin R, Banuelos B, Aliesky HA, Rapoport B. Genes Outside the Major Histocompatibility Complex Locus Are Linked to the Development of Thyroid Autoantibodies and Thyroiditis in NOD.H2h4 Mice. Endocrinology 2017; 158:702-713. [PMID: 28323998 PMCID: PMC5460802 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thyroiditis and autoantibodies to thyroglobulin (TgAb) and thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb) develop spontaneously in NOD.H2h4 mice, a phenotype enhanced by dietary iodine. NOD.H2h4 mice were derived by introducing the major histocompatibility class (MHC) molecule I-Ak from B10.A(4R) mice to nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. Apart from I-Ak, the genes responsible for the NOD.H2h4 phenotype are unknown. Extending serendipitous observations from crossing BALB/c to NOD.H2h4 mice, thyroid autoimmunity was investigated in both genders of the F1, F2, and the second-generation backcross of F1 to NOD.H2h4 (N2). Medium-density linkage analysis was performed on thyroid autoimmunity traits in F2 and N2 progeny. TgAb develop before TPOAb and were measured after 8 and 16 weeks of iodide exposure; TPOAb and thyroiditis were studied at 16 weeks. TgAb, TPOAb, and thyroiditis, absent in BALB/c and F1 mice, developed in most NOD.H2h4 and in more N2 than F2 progeny. No linkages were observed in F2 progeny, probably because of the small number of autoantibody-positive mice. In N2 progeny (equal numbers of males and females), a chromosome 17 locus is linked to thyroiditis and TgAb and is suggestively linked to TPOAb. This locus includes MHC region genes from B10.A(4R) mice (such as I-Ak and Tnf, the latter involved in thyrocyte apoptosis) and genes from NOD mice such as Satb1, which most likely plays a role in immune tolerance. In conclusion, MHC and non-MHC genes, encoded within the chromosome 17 locus from both B10.A(4R) and NOD strains, are most likely responsible for the Hashimoto disease-like phenotype of NOD.H2h4 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M. McLachlan
- Thyroid Autoimmune Disease Unit, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048
- University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Sylvie Lesage
- Department of Immunology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, Québec H1T 2M4, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Roxanne Collin
- Department of Immunology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, Québec H1T 2M4, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Bianca Banuelos
- Thyroid Autoimmune Disease Unit, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048
- University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Holly A. Aliesky
- Thyroid Autoimmune Disease Unit, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048
- University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Basil Rapoport
- Thyroid Autoimmune Disease Unit, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048
- University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095
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