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Ostrom QT, Devine K, Fulop J, Wolinsky Y, Liao P, Stetson L, Couce M, Sloan AE, Barnholtz-Sloan JS. Brain tumor biobanking in the precision medicine era: building a high-quality resource for translational research in neuro-oncology. Neurooncol Pract 2017; 4:220-228. [PMID: 29692920 PMCID: PMC5909804 DOI: 10.1093/nop/npw029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth of precision medicine has made access to biobanks with high-quality, well-annotated neuro-oncology biospecimens critical. Developing and maintaining neuro-oncology biobanks is best accomplished through multidisciplinary collaboration between clinicians and researchers. Balancing the needs and leveraging the skills of all stakeholders in this multidisciplinary effort is of utmost importance. Collaboration with a multidisciplinary team of clinicians, health care team members, and institutions, as well as patients and their families, is essential for access to participants in order to obtain informed consent, collect samples under strict standard operating procedures, and accurate and relevant clinical annotation. Once a neuro-oncology biobank is established, development and implementation of policies related to governance and distribution of biospecimens (both within and outside the institution) is of critical importance for sustainability. Proper implementation of a governance process helps to ensure that the biospecimens and data can be utilized in research with the largest potential benefit. New NIH and peer-reviewed journal policies related to public sharing of 'omic' data generated from stored biospecimens create new ethical challenges that must be addressed in developing informed consents, protocols, and standard operating procedures. In addition, diversification of sources of funding for the biobanks is needed for long-term sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinn T Ostrom
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wearn 152, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 (Q.T.O., K.D., J.F., P.L., L.S., A.E.S., J.S.B.S.); Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 2103 Cornell Rd, WRB 2-532, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7295 (Y.W.); Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 (M.C.); Brain Tumor and Neuro-oncology Center, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 (A.E.S., J.S.B.S.)
| | - Karen Devine
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wearn 152, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 (Q.T.O., K.D., J.F., P.L., L.S., A.E.S., J.S.B.S.); Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 2103 Cornell Rd, WRB 2-532, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7295 (Y.W.); Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 (M.C.); Brain Tumor and Neuro-oncology Center, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 (A.E.S., J.S.B.S.)
| | - Jordonna Fulop
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wearn 152, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 (Q.T.O., K.D., J.F., P.L., L.S., A.E.S., J.S.B.S.); Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 2103 Cornell Rd, WRB 2-532, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7295 (Y.W.); Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 (M.C.); Brain Tumor and Neuro-oncology Center, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 (A.E.S., J.S.B.S.)
| | - Yingli Wolinsky
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wearn 152, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 (Q.T.O., K.D., J.F., P.L., L.S., A.E.S., J.S.B.S.); Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 2103 Cornell Rd, WRB 2-532, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7295 (Y.W.); Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 (M.C.); Brain Tumor and Neuro-oncology Center, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 (A.E.S., J.S.B.S.)
| | - Peter Liao
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wearn 152, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 (Q.T.O., K.D., J.F., P.L., L.S., A.E.S., J.S.B.S.); Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 2103 Cornell Rd, WRB 2-532, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7295 (Y.W.); Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 (M.C.); Brain Tumor and Neuro-oncology Center, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 (A.E.S., J.S.B.S.)
| | - Lindsay Stetson
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wearn 152, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 (Q.T.O., K.D., J.F., P.L., L.S., A.E.S., J.S.B.S.); Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 2103 Cornell Rd, WRB 2-532, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7295 (Y.W.); Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 (M.C.); Brain Tumor and Neuro-oncology Center, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 (A.E.S., J.S.B.S.)
| | - Marta Couce
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wearn 152, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 (Q.T.O., K.D., J.F., P.L., L.S., A.E.S., J.S.B.S.); Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 2103 Cornell Rd, WRB 2-532, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7295 (Y.W.); Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 (M.C.); Brain Tumor and Neuro-oncology Center, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 (A.E.S., J.S.B.S.)
| | - Andrew E Sloan
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wearn 152, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 (Q.T.O., K.D., J.F., P.L., L.S., A.E.S., J.S.B.S.); Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 2103 Cornell Rd, WRB 2-532, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7295 (Y.W.); Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 (M.C.); Brain Tumor and Neuro-oncology Center, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 (A.E.S., J.S.B.S.)
| | - Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wearn 152, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 (Q.T.O., K.D., J.F., P.L., L.S., A.E.S., J.S.B.S.); Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 2103 Cornell Rd, WRB 2-532, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7295 (Y.W.); Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 (M.C.); Brain Tumor and Neuro-oncology Center, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 (A.E.S., J.S.B.S.)
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Schully SD, Carrick DM, Mechanic LE, Srivastava S, Anderson GL, Baron JA, Berg CD, Cullen J, Diamandis EP, Doria-Rose VP, Goddard KAB, Hankinson SE, Kushi LH, Larson EB, McShane LM, Schilsky RL, Shak S, Skates SJ, Urban N, Kramer BS, Khoury MJ, Ransohoff DF. Leveraging biospecimen resources for discovery or validation of markers for early cancer detection. J Natl Cancer Inst 2015; 107:djv012. [PMID: 25688116 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djv012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Validation of early detection cancer biomarkers has proven to be disappointing when initial promising claims have often not been reproducible in diagnostic samples or did not extend to prediagnostic samples. The previously reported lack of rigorous internal validity (systematic differences between compared groups) and external validity (lack of generalizability beyond compared groups) may be effectively addressed by utilizing blood specimens and data collected within well-conducted cohort studies. Cohort studies with prediagnostic specimens (eg, blood specimens collected prior to development of clinical symptoms) and clinical data have recently been used to assess the validity of some early detection biomarkers. With this background, the Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (DCCPS) and the Division of Cancer Prevention (DCP) of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) held a joint workshop in August 2013. The goal was to advance early detection cancer research by considering how the infrastructure of cohort studies that already exist or are being developed might be leveraged to include appropriate blood specimens, including prediagnostic specimens, ideally collected at periodic intervals, along with clinical data about symptom status and cancer diagnosis. Three overarching recommendations emerged from the discussions: 1) facilitate sharing of existing specimens and data, 2) encourage collaboration among scientists developing biomarkers and those conducting observational cohort studies or managing healthcare systems with cohorts followed over time, and 3) conduct pilot projects that identify and address key logistic and feasibility issues regarding how appropriate specimens and clinical data might be collected at reasonable effort and cost within existing or future cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheri D Schully
- : Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (SDS, DMC, LEM, VPDR, MJK), Division of Cancer Prevention (SuS, BSK), and Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (LMM), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (GLA, NU); Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (JAB, DFR); Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD (CDB); Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Defense, Rockville, MD (JC); Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (EPD); Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Northwest, Portland, OR (KABG); Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA (SEH); Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA (LHK); Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA (EBL); American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA (RLS); Genomic Health, Inc., Redwood City, CA (StS); Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (SJS); Office of Public Health Genomics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA (MJK).
| | - Danielle M Carrick
- : Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (SDS, DMC, LEM, VPDR, MJK), Division of Cancer Prevention (SuS, BSK), and Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (LMM), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (GLA, NU); Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (JAB, DFR); Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD (CDB); Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Defense, Rockville, MD (JC); Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (EPD); Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Northwest, Portland, OR (KABG); Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA (SEH); Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA (LHK); Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA (EBL); American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA (RLS); Genomic Health, Inc., Redwood City, CA (StS); Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (SJS); Office of Public Health Genomics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA (MJK)
| | - Leah E Mechanic
- : Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (SDS, DMC, LEM, VPDR, MJK), Division of Cancer Prevention (SuS, BSK), and Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (LMM), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (GLA, NU); Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (JAB, DFR); Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD (CDB); Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Defense, Rockville, MD (JC); Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (EPD); Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Northwest, Portland, OR (KABG); Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA (SEH); Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA (LHK); Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA (EBL); American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA (RLS); Genomic Health, Inc., Redwood City, CA (StS); Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (SJS); Office of Public Health Genomics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA (MJK)
| | - Sudhir Srivastava
- : Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (SDS, DMC, LEM, VPDR, MJK), Division of Cancer Prevention (SuS, BSK), and Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (LMM), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (GLA, NU); Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (JAB, DFR); Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD (CDB); Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Defense, Rockville, MD (JC); Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (EPD); Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Northwest, Portland, OR (KABG); Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA (SEH); Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA (LHK); Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA (EBL); American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA (RLS); Genomic Health, Inc., Redwood City, CA (StS); Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (SJS); Office of Public Health Genomics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA (MJK)
| | - Garnet L Anderson
- : Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (SDS, DMC, LEM, VPDR, MJK), Division of Cancer Prevention (SuS, BSK), and Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (LMM), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (GLA, NU); Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (JAB, DFR); Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD (CDB); Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Defense, Rockville, MD (JC); Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (EPD); Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Northwest, Portland, OR (KABG); Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA (SEH); Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA (LHK); Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA (EBL); American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA (RLS); Genomic Health, Inc., Redwood City, CA (StS); Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (SJS); Office of Public Health Genomics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA (MJK)
| | - John A Baron
- : Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (SDS, DMC, LEM, VPDR, MJK), Division of Cancer Prevention (SuS, BSK), and Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (LMM), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (GLA, NU); Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (JAB, DFR); Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD (CDB); Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Defense, Rockville, MD (JC); Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (EPD); Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Northwest, Portland, OR (KABG); Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA (SEH); Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA (LHK); Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA (EBL); American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA (RLS); Genomic Health, Inc., Redwood City, CA (StS); Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (SJS); Office of Public Health Genomics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA (MJK)
| | - Christine D Berg
- : Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (SDS, DMC, LEM, VPDR, MJK), Division of Cancer Prevention (SuS, BSK), and Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (LMM), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (GLA, NU); Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (JAB, DFR); Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD (CDB); Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Defense, Rockville, MD (JC); Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (EPD); Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Northwest, Portland, OR (KABG); Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA (SEH); Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA (LHK); Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA (EBL); American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA (RLS); Genomic Health, Inc., Redwood City, CA (StS); Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (SJS); Office of Public Health Genomics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA (MJK)
| | - Jennifer Cullen
- : Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (SDS, DMC, LEM, VPDR, MJK), Division of Cancer Prevention (SuS, BSK), and Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (LMM), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (GLA, NU); Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (JAB, DFR); Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD (CDB); Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Defense, Rockville, MD (JC); Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (EPD); Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Northwest, Portland, OR (KABG); Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA (SEH); Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA (LHK); Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA (EBL); American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA (RLS); Genomic Health, Inc., Redwood City, CA (StS); Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (SJS); Office of Public Health Genomics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA (MJK)
| | - Eleftherios P Diamandis
- : Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (SDS, DMC, LEM, VPDR, MJK), Division of Cancer Prevention (SuS, BSK), and Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (LMM), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (GLA, NU); Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (JAB, DFR); Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD (CDB); Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Defense, Rockville, MD (JC); Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (EPD); Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Northwest, Portland, OR (KABG); Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA (SEH); Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA (LHK); Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA (EBL); American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA (RLS); Genomic Health, Inc., Redwood City, CA (StS); Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (SJS); Office of Public Health Genomics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA (MJK)
| | - V Paul Doria-Rose
- : Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (SDS, DMC, LEM, VPDR, MJK), Division of Cancer Prevention (SuS, BSK), and Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (LMM), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (GLA, NU); Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (JAB, DFR); Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD (CDB); Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Defense, Rockville, MD (JC); Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (EPD); Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Northwest, Portland, OR (KABG); Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA (SEH); Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA (LHK); Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA (EBL); American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA (RLS); Genomic Health, Inc., Redwood City, CA (StS); Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (SJS); Office of Public Health Genomics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA (MJK)
| | - Katrina A B Goddard
- : Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (SDS, DMC, LEM, VPDR, MJK), Division of Cancer Prevention (SuS, BSK), and Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (LMM), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (GLA, NU); Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (JAB, DFR); Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD (CDB); Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Defense, Rockville, MD (JC); Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (EPD); Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Northwest, Portland, OR (KABG); Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA (SEH); Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA (LHK); Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA (EBL); American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA (RLS); Genomic Health, Inc., Redwood City, CA (StS); Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (SJS); Office of Public Health Genomics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA (MJK)
| | - Susan E Hankinson
- : Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (SDS, DMC, LEM, VPDR, MJK), Division of Cancer Prevention (SuS, BSK), and Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (LMM), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (GLA, NU); Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (JAB, DFR); Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD (CDB); Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Defense, Rockville, MD (JC); Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (EPD); Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Northwest, Portland, OR (KABG); Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA (SEH); Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA (LHK); Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA (EBL); American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA (RLS); Genomic Health, Inc., Redwood City, CA (StS); Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (SJS); Office of Public Health Genomics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA (MJK)
| | - Lawrence H Kushi
- : Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (SDS, DMC, LEM, VPDR, MJK), Division of Cancer Prevention (SuS, BSK), and Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (LMM), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (GLA, NU); Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (JAB, DFR); Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD (CDB); Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Defense, Rockville, MD (JC); Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (EPD); Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Northwest, Portland, OR (KABG); Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA (SEH); Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA (LHK); Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA (EBL); American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA (RLS); Genomic Health, Inc., Redwood City, CA (StS); Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (SJS); Office of Public Health Genomics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA (MJK)
| | - Eric B Larson
- : Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (SDS, DMC, LEM, VPDR, MJK), Division of Cancer Prevention (SuS, BSK), and Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (LMM), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (GLA, NU); Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (JAB, DFR); Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD (CDB); Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Defense, Rockville, MD (JC); Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (EPD); Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Northwest, Portland, OR (KABG); Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA (SEH); Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA (LHK); Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA (EBL); American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA (RLS); Genomic Health, Inc., Redwood City, CA (StS); Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (SJS); Office of Public Health Genomics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA (MJK)
| | - Lisa M McShane
- : Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (SDS, DMC, LEM, VPDR, MJK), Division of Cancer Prevention (SuS, BSK), and Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (LMM), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (GLA, NU); Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (JAB, DFR); Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD (CDB); Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Defense, Rockville, MD (JC); Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (EPD); Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Northwest, Portland, OR (KABG); Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA (SEH); Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA (LHK); Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA (EBL); American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA (RLS); Genomic Health, Inc., Redwood City, CA (StS); Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (SJS); Office of Public Health Genomics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA (MJK)
| | - Richard L Schilsky
- : Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (SDS, DMC, LEM, VPDR, MJK), Division of Cancer Prevention (SuS, BSK), and Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (LMM), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (GLA, NU); Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (JAB, DFR); Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD (CDB); Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Defense, Rockville, MD (JC); Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (EPD); Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Northwest, Portland, OR (KABG); Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA (SEH); Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA (LHK); Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA (EBL); American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA (RLS); Genomic Health, Inc., Redwood City, CA (StS); Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (SJS); Office of Public Health Genomics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA (MJK)
| | - Steven Shak
- : Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (SDS, DMC, LEM, VPDR, MJK), Division of Cancer Prevention (SuS, BSK), and Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (LMM), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (GLA, NU); Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (JAB, DFR); Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD (CDB); Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Defense, Rockville, MD (JC); Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (EPD); Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Northwest, Portland, OR (KABG); Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA (SEH); Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA (LHK); Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA (EBL); American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA (RLS); Genomic Health, Inc., Redwood City, CA (StS); Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (SJS); Office of Public Health Genomics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA (MJK)
| | - Steven J Skates
- : Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (SDS, DMC, LEM, VPDR, MJK), Division of Cancer Prevention (SuS, BSK), and Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (LMM), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (GLA, NU); Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (JAB, DFR); Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD (CDB); Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Defense, Rockville, MD (JC); Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (EPD); Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Northwest, Portland, OR (KABG); Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA (SEH); Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA (LHK); Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA (EBL); American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA (RLS); Genomic Health, Inc., Redwood City, CA (StS); Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (SJS); Office of Public Health Genomics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA (MJK)
| | - Nicole Urban
- : Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (SDS, DMC, LEM, VPDR, MJK), Division of Cancer Prevention (SuS, BSK), and Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (LMM), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (GLA, NU); Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (JAB, DFR); Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD (CDB); Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Defense, Rockville, MD (JC); Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (EPD); Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Northwest, Portland, OR (KABG); Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA (SEH); Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA (LHK); Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA (EBL); American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA (RLS); Genomic Health, Inc., Redwood City, CA (StS); Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (SJS); Office of Public Health Genomics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA (MJK)
| | - Barnett S Kramer
- : Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (SDS, DMC, LEM, VPDR, MJK), Division of Cancer Prevention (SuS, BSK), and Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (LMM), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (GLA, NU); Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (JAB, DFR); Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD (CDB); Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Defense, Rockville, MD (JC); Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (EPD); Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Northwest, Portland, OR (KABG); Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA (SEH); Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA (LHK); Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA (EBL); American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA (RLS); Genomic Health, Inc., Redwood City, CA (StS); Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (SJS); Office of Public Health Genomics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA (MJK)
| | - Muin J Khoury
- : Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (SDS, DMC, LEM, VPDR, MJK), Division of Cancer Prevention (SuS, BSK), and Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (LMM), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (GLA, NU); Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (JAB, DFR); Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD (CDB); Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Defense, Rockville, MD (JC); Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (EPD); Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Northwest, Portland, OR (KABG); Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA (SEH); Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA (LHK); Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA (EBL); American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA (RLS); Genomic Health, Inc., Redwood City, CA (StS); Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (SJS); Office of Public Health Genomics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA (MJK)
| | - David F Ransohoff
- : Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (SDS, DMC, LEM, VPDR, MJK), Division of Cancer Prevention (SuS, BSK), and Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (LMM), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (GLA, NU); Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (JAB, DFR); Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD (CDB); Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Defense, Rockville, MD (JC); Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (EPD); Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Northwest, Portland, OR (KABG); Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA (SEH); Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA (LHK); Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA (EBL); American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA (RLS); Genomic Health, Inc., Redwood City, CA (StS); Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (SJS); Office of Public Health Genomics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA (MJK)
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