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Nava S, Lisini D, Frigerio S, Bersano A. Dendritic Cells and Cancer Immunotherapy: The Adjuvant Effect. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212339. [PMID: 34830221 PMCID: PMC8620771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are immune specialized cells playing a critical role in promoting immune response against antigens, and may represent important targets for therapeutic interventions in cancer. DCs can be stimulated ex vivo with pro-inflammatory molecules and loaded with tumor-specific antigen(s). Protocols describing the specific details of DCs vaccination manufacturing vary widely, but regardless of the employed protocol, the DCs vaccination safety and its ability to induce antitumor responses is clearly established. Many years of studies have focused on the ability of DCs to provide overall survival benefits at least for a selection of cancer patients. Lessons learned from early trials lead to the hypothesis that, to improve the efficacy of DCs-based immunotherapy, this should be combined with other treatments. Thus, the vaccine’s ultimate role may lie in the combinatorial approaches of DCs-based immunotherapy with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, more than in monotherapy. In this review, we address some key questions regarding the integration of DCs vaccination with multimodality therapy approaches for cancer treatment paradigms.
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Matveeva OV, Shabalina SA. Prospects for Using Expression Patterns of Paramyxovirus Receptors as Biomarkers for Oncolytic Virotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123659. [PMID: 33291506 PMCID: PMC7762160 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Some non-pathogenic viruses that do not cause serious illness in humans can efficiently target and kill cancer cells and may be considered candidates for cancer treatment with virotherapy. However, many cancer cells are protected from viruses. An important goal of personalized cancer treatment is to identify viruses that can kill a certain type of cancer cells. To this end, researchers investigate expression patterns of cell entry receptors, which viruses use to bind to and enter host cells. We summarized and analyzed the receptor expression patterns of two paramyxoviruses: The non-pathogenic measles and the Sendai viruses. The receptors for these viruses are different and can be proteins or lipids with attached carbohydrates. This review discusses the prospects for using these paramyxovirus receptors as biomarkers for successful personalized virotherapy for certain types of cancer. Abstract The effectiveness of oncolytic virotherapy in cancer treatment depends on several factors, including successful virus delivery to the tumor, ability of the virus to enter the target malignant cell, virus replication, and the release of progeny virions from infected cells. The multi-stage process is influenced by the efficiency with which the virus enters host cells via specific receptors. This review describes natural and artificial receptors for two oncolytic paramyxoviruses, nonpathogenic measles, and Sendai viruses. Cell entry receptors are proteins for measles virus (MV) and sialylated glycans (sialylated glycoproteins or glycolipids/gangliosides) for Sendai virus (SeV). Accumulated published data reviewed here show different levels of expression of cell surface receptors for both viruses in different malignancies. Patients whose tumor cells have low or no expression of receptors for a specific oncolytic virus cannot be successfully treated with the virus. Recent published studies have revealed that an expression signature for immune genes is another important factor that determines the vulnerability of tumor cells to viral infection. In the future, a combination of expression signatures of immune and receptor genes could be used to find a set of oncolytic viruses that are more effective for specific malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Matveeva
- Sendai Viralytics LLC, 23 Nylander Way, Acton, MA 01720, USA
- Correspondence: (O.V.M.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Svetlana A. Shabalina
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
- Correspondence: (O.V.M.); (S.A.S.)
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3
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Dendritic cell therapy in cancer treatment; the state-of-the-art. Life Sci 2020; 254:117580. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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4
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Liu G, Fan X, Cai Y, Fu Z, Gao F, Dong J, Li K, Cai J. Efficacy of dendritic cell-based immunotherapy produced from cord blood in vitro and in a humanized NSG mouse cancer model. Immunotherapy 2020; 11:599-616. [PMID: 30943862 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2018-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To produce dendritic cells (DCs) from CD34+ stem cells from cord blood and explore their prophylactic and curative effect against tumors by vaccinating humanized NSG mice. MATERIALS & METHODS Separated CD34+ stem cells from cord blood were cultured for 30 days, and the resultant DCs (CD34-DCs) were collected. The basic function of the CD34-DCs and the cytotoxicity of CD34-cytotoxic-T lymphocytes (CTLs) were tested in vitro, and tumor inhibition in a humanized NSG mouse tumor model was observed. RESULTS The number of CD34-DCs reached approximately 9 log. These cells performed functions similar to those of DCs derived from monocytes from peripheral blood (PBMC-DCs). The CTLs of the CD34-DCs (CD34-CTLs) presented a better antitumor effect in vitro. The obvious prophylactic and therapeutic antitumor effects of the CD34-DC vaccine were observed in the humanized NSG mouse models. CONCLUSION CD34-DCs from cord blood were sufficient in quantity and quality as a vaccine agent against tumors in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Department of Surgery, Hebei Medical University, 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.,Department of Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, 348 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Xiaoyan Fan
- Department of Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, 348 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Ying Cai
- Department of Research and Development, Hebei Engineering Technology Research Center for Cell Therapy, Hebei HOFOY Biotech Corporation Ltd, 238 Changjiang Aveneu, Shijiazhuang 500350, China
| | - Zexian Fu
- Department of Surgery, Hebei Medical University, 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Surgery, Hebei Medical University, 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Jiantao Dong
- Department of Surgery, Hebei Medical University, 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.,Department of Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, 348 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Kang Li
- Department of Surgery, Hebei Medical University, 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Jianhui Cai
- Department of Surgery, Hebei Medical University, 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.,Department of Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, 348 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, China.,Department of Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, 348 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
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5
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Maniwa J, Fumino S, Kimura K, Tanaka T, Higashi M, Kishida T, Mazda O, Tajiri T. Novel mesenchymal stem cell delivery system as targeted therapy against neuroblastoma using the TH-MYCN mouse model. J Pediatr Surg 2019; 54:2600-2605. [PMID: 31627888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2019.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are reported to migrate toward damaged tissues or tumors. We previously reported the in vivo short-term (1 day) tumor-homing effect of xenogeneic human MSCs (hMSCs) using the TH-MYCN mouse neuroblastoma model (MYCN-TgM). In this study, we analyzed the long-term tumor-homing effect of allogeneic mouse MSCs (mMSCs) and explored the antitumor effect and drug delivery function of mMSCs. METHODS mMSCs were administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) to MYCN-TgM and traced by an in vivo imaging system (IVIS). We administered green fluorescent protein (GFP)-transduced mMSCs into MYCN-TgM i.p. and examined the cell survival by immunohistochemistry. We also administered interferon beta-transduced mMSCs (mMSCs-IFN-β) to MYCN-TgM i.p. and measured the concentration of IFN-β in the tumor and organs by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The survival curves of MYCN-TgM administered every week was analyzed. RESULTS The IVIS revealed the accumulation of fluorescence was observed in the tumor both in vivo and after excision. Immunohistochemistry using anti-GFP antibody revealed that the mMSCs existed within the tumor until 14 days but not in the organs. The ELISA showed increased concentrations of IFN-β only in the tumors, with the values gradually diminishing over 14 days. The mMSCs-IFN-β group survived significantly longer than the control group (p < 0.03), while the mMSCs-alone group did not show a survival advantage. CONCLUSIONS Allogeneic mMSCs showed a homing ability for mouse neuroblastoma and existed within the tumor for as long as two weeks. This may be a candidate drug delivery vehicle for antitumor agents against neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junnosuke Maniwa
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Immunology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Shigehisa Fumino
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koseki Kimura
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoko Tanaka
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mayumi Higashi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsunao Kishida
- Department of Immunology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osam Mazda
- Department of Immunology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Tajiri
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Zainutdinov SS, Kochneva GV, Netesov SV, Chumakov PM, Matveeva OV. Directed evolution as a tool for the selection of oncolytic RNA viruses with desired phenotypes. Oncolytic Virother 2019; 8:9-26. [PMID: 31372363 PMCID: PMC6636189 DOI: 10.2147/ov.s176523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses have some characteristics in common with cell-based life. They can evolve and adapt to environmental conditions. Directed evolution can be used by researchers to produce viral strains with desirable phenotypes. Through bioselection, improved strains of oncolytic viruses can be obtained that have better safety profiles, increased specificity for malignant cells, and more efficient spread among tumor cells. It is also possible to select strains capable of killing a broader spectrum of cancer cell variants, so as to achieve a higher frequency of therapeutic responses. This review describes and analyses virus adaptation studies performed with members of four RNA virus families that are used for viral oncolysis: reoviruses, paramyxoviruses, enteroviruses, and rhabdoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei S Zainutdinov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”
, Koltsovo630559, Russia
| | - Galina V Kochneva
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”
, Koltsovo630559, Russia
| | - Sergei V Netesov
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk630090, Russia
| | - Peter M Chumakov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology
, Moscow119991, Russia
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products
, Moscow108819, Russia
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van Gulijk M, Dammeijer F, Aerts JGJV, Vroman H. Combination Strategies to Optimize Efficacy of Dendritic Cell-Based Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2759. [PMID: 30568653 PMCID: PMC6289976 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that are essential for the activation of immune responses. In various malignancies, these immunostimulatory properties are exploited by DC-therapy, aiming at the induction of effective anti-tumor immunity by vaccination with ex vivo antigen-loaded DCs. Depending on the type of DC-therapy used, long-term clinical efficacy upon DC-therapy remains restricted to a proportion of patients, likely due to lack of immunogenicity of tumor cells, presence of a stromal compartment, and the suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), thereby leading to the development of resistance. In order to circumvent tumor-induced suppressive mechanisms and unleash the full potential of DC-therapy, considerable efforts have been made to combine DC-therapy with chemotherapy, radiotherapy or with checkpoint inhibitors. These combination strategies could enhance tumor immunogenicity, stimulate endogenous DCs following immunogenic cell death, improve infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) or specifically deplete immunosuppressive cells in the TME, such as regulatory T-cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. In this review, different strategies of combining DC-therapy with immunomodulatory treatments will be discussed. These strategies and insights will improve and guide DC-based combination immunotherapies with the aim of further improving patient prognosis and care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy van Gulijk
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Erasmus Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Floris Dammeijer
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Erasmus Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joachim G J V Aerts
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Erasmus Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Heleen Vroman
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Erasmus Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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8
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Sequential actions of immune effector cells induced by viral activation of dendritic cells to eliminate murine neuroblastoma. J Pediatr Surg 2018; 53:1615-1620. [PMID: 28941928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2017.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In preclinical trails, we reported the antitumor effect of dendritic cells activated with Sendai virus (rSeV/DC) combined with γ-irradiation against neuroblastoma. However, what kind of effector cells for the combined therapy were used to show the antitumor effect was unclear. In this study, we performed radiation and rSeV/DC therapy in vivo and examined the effector cells involved. METHODS Dendritic cells were cultured from bone marrow cells, activated with SeV and administered intratumorally at 106 weekly for 3weeks. Radiation was administered at 4Gy/time × 3 times. During the treatment, CD4+ and CD8+ cells and natural killer (NK) cells were removed by antibodies. RESULTS Complete remission of neuroblastoma was observed in 62.5% of individuals in the combined therapy group. By depleting the effector cells using antibodies, the tumor increased in size from an early stage of treatment in the CD4+ and NK cell-depleted group. In contrast, the tumor increased in size in the late stage of treatment in the CD8+ cell-depleted group. CONCLUSION The combination of radiation and rSeV/DC therapy induces different effector cells, depending on the time point during treatment. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V.
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9
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Fusogenic Viruses in Oncolytic Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10070216. [PMID: 29949934 PMCID: PMC6070779 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10070216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses are under intense development and have earned their place among the novel class of cancer immunotherapeutics that are changing the face of cancer therapy. Their ability to specifically infect and efficiently kill tumor cells, while breaking immune tolerance and mediating immune responses directed against the tumor, make oncolytic viruses highly attractive candidates for immunotherapy. Increasing evidence indicates that a subclass of oncolytic viruses, which encodes for fusion proteins, could outperform non-fusogenic viruses, both in their direct oncolytic potential, as well as their immune-stimulatory properties. Tumor cell infection with these viruses leads to characteristic syncytia formation and cell death due to fusion, as infected cells become fused with neighboring cells, which promotes intratumoral spread of the infection and releases additional immunogenic signals. In this review, we discuss the potential of fusogenic oncolytic viruses as optimal candidates to enhance immunotherapy and initiate broad antitumor responses. We provide an overview of the cytopathic mechanism of syncytia formation through viral-mediated expression of fusion proteins, either endogenous or engineered, and their benefits for cancer therapy. Growing evidence indicates that fusogenicity could be an important feature to consider in the design of optimal oncolytic virus platforms for combinatorial oncolytic immunotherapy.
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10
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Ilyinskaya GV, Mukhina EV, Soboleva AV, Matveeva OV, Chumakov PM. Oncolytic Sendai Virus Therapy of Canine Mast Cell Tumors (A Pilot Study). Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:116. [PMID: 29915788 PMCID: PMC5995045 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Canine mastocytomas (mast cell tumors) represent a common malignancy among many dog breeds. A typical treatment strategy for canine mastocytomas includes surgery, chemo- and radio-therapy, although in many cases the therapy fails and the disease progression resumes. New treatment approaches are needed. Aims: The goal of this pilot study was to examine safety and efficacy of oncolytic Sendai virus therapy administered to canine patients with cutaneous or subcutaneous mastocytomas. Materials and Methods: Six canine patients, with variable grades and stages of the disease, received virus therapy, either as a monotherapy, or in combination with surgery. The therapy included two or more virus applications administered weekly or biweekly. Each application of Sendai virus (107-108.6 EID50) consisted of multiple individual 0.01-0.1 ml injections delivered intratumorally, intradermally around a tumor, and under a tumor bed. Results: The treatment was well tolerated, with minor transitory side effects. Of the six dogs, two did not receive surgery or any other treatment besides the virus injections. The other four animals underwent radical or debulking surgeries, and in three of them the subsequent administration of Sendai virus completely cleared locally recurrent or/and remaining tumor masses. Five dogs demonstrated a complete response to the treatment, the animals remained disease free during the time of observation (2-3 years). One dog responded only partially to the virotherapy; its after-surgical recurrent tumor and some, but not all, metastases were cleared. This dog had the most advanced stage of the disease with multiple enlarged lymph nodes and cutaneous metastases. Conclusion: The results of the pilot study suggest that Sendai virus injections could be safe and efficient for the treatment of dogs affected by mastocytomas.They also suggest the need of further studies for finding optimal schemes and schedules for this kind of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina V. Ilyinskaya
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia
- Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V. Mukhina
- Veterinary Clinic of Herzen Oncology Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alesya V. Soboleva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Peter M. Chumakov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, Moscow, Russia
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Brix N, Tiefenthaller A, Anders H, Belka C, Lauber K. Abscopal, immunological effects of radiotherapy: Narrowing the gap between clinical and preclinical experiences. Immunol Rev 2018; 280:249-279. [PMID: 29027221 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy-despite being a local therapy that meanwhile is characterized by an impressively high degree of spatial accuracy-can stimulate systemic phenomena which occasionally lead to regression and rejection of non-irradiated, distant tumor lesions. These abscopal effects of local irradiation have been observed in sporadic clinical case reports since the beginning of the 20th century, and extensive preclinical work has contributed to identify systemic anti-tumor immune responses as the underlying driving forces. Although abscopal tumor regression still remains a rare event in the radiotherapeutic routine, increasing numbers of cases are being reported, particularly since the clinical implementation of immune checkpoint inhibiting agents. Accordingly, interests to systematically exploit the therapeutic potential of radiotherapy-stimulated systemic responses are constantly growing. The present review briefly delineates the history of radiotherapy-induced abscopal effects and the activation of systemic anti-tumor immune responses by local irradiation. We discuss preclinical and clinical reports with specific focus on the corresponding controversies, and we propose issues that should be addressed in the future in order to narrow the gap between preclinical knowledge and clinical experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikko Brix
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Tiefenthaller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Heike Anders
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Claus Belka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer' Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium Partner Site München, Munich, Germany
| | - Kirsten Lauber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer' Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
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12
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Belova AA, Sosnovtseva AO, Lipatova AV, Njushko KM, Volchenko NN, Belyakov MM, Sudalenko OV, Krasheninnikov AA, Shegai PV, Sadritdinova AF, Fedorova MS, Vorobjov NV, Alekseev BY, Kaprin AD, Kudryavtseva AV. Biomarkers of prostate cancer sensitivity to the Sendai virus. Mol Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893317010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Oncolysis by paramyxoviruses: preclinical and clinical studies. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2015; 2:S2372-7705(16)30019-5. [PMID: 26640815 PMCID: PMC4667943 DOI: 10.1038/mto.2015.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical studies demonstrate that a broad spectrum of human malignant cells can be killed by oncolytic paramyxoviruses, which include cells of ecto-, endo-, and mesodermal origin. In clinical trials, significant reduction in size or even complete elimination of primary tumors and established metastases are reported. Different routes of viral administration (intratumoral, intravenous, intradermal, intraperitoneal, or intrapleural), and single- versus multiple-dose administration schemes have been explored. The reported side effects are grade 1 and 2, with the most common among them being mild fever. Some advantages in using paramyxoviruses as oncolytic agents versus representatives of other viral families exist. The cytoplasmic replication results in a lack of host genome integration and recombination, which makes paramyxoviruses safer and more attractive candidates for widely used therapeutic oncolysis in comparison with retroviruses or some DNA viruses. The list of oncolytic paramyxovirus representatives includes attenuated measles virus (MV), mumps virus (MuV), low pathogenic Newcastle disease (NDV), and Sendai (SeV) viruses. Metastatic cancer cells frequently overexpress on their surface some molecules that can serve as receptors for MV, MuV, NDV, and SeV. This promotes specific viral attachment to the malignant cell, which is frequently followed by specific viral replication. The paramyxoviruses are capable of inducing efficient syncytium-mediated lyses of cancer cells and elicit strong immunomodulatory effects that dramatically enforce anticancer immune surveillance. In general, preclinical studies and phase 1–3 clinical trials yield very encouraging results and warrant continued research of oncolytic paramyxoviruses as a particularly valuable addition to the existing panel of cancer-fighting approaches.
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Derer A, Deloch L, Rubner Y, Fietkau R, Frey B, Gaipl US. Radio-Immunotherapy-Induced Immunogenic Cancer Cells as Basis for Induction of Systemic Anti-Tumor Immune Responses - Pre-Clinical Evidence and Ongoing Clinical Applications. Front Immunol 2015; 6:505. [PMID: 26500646 PMCID: PMC4597129 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) primarily aims to locally destroy the tumor via the induction of DNA damage in the tumor cells. However, the so-called abscopal, namely systemic and immune–mediated, effects of RT move over more and more in the focus of scientists and clinicians since combinations of local irradiation with immune therapy have been demonstrated to induce anti-tumor immunity. We here summarize changes of the phenotype and microenvironment of tumor cells after exposure to irradiation, chemotherapeutic agents, and immune modulating agents rendering the tumor more immunogenic. The impact of therapy-modified tumor cells and damage-associated molecular patterns on local and systemic control of the primary tumor, recurrent tumors, and metastases will be outlined. Finally, clinical studies affirming the bench-side findings of interactions and synergies of radiation therapy and immunotherapy will be discussed. Focus is set on combination of radio(chemo)therapy (RCT) with immune checkpoint inhibitors, growth factor inhibitors, and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy. Well-deliberated combination of RCT with selected immune therapies and growth factor inhibitors bear the great potential to further improve anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Derer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Lisa Deloch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Yvonne Rubner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Rainer Fietkau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Benjamin Frey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Udo S Gaipl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Erlangen , Germany
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Gigi V, Stein J, Askenasy N, Yaniv I, Ash S. Early immunisation with dendritic cells after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation elicits graft vs tumour reactivity. Br J Cancer 2013; 108:1092-9. [PMID: 23511628 PMCID: PMC3619065 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Perspectives of immunotherapy to cancer mediated by bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in conjunction with dendritic cell (DC)-mediated immune sensitisation have yielded modest success so far. In this study, we assessed the impact of DC on graft vs tumour (GvT) reactions triggered by allogeneic BMT. Methods: H2Ka mice implanted with congenic subcutaneous Neuro-2a neuroblastoma (NB, H2Ka) tumours were irradiated and grafted with allogeneic H2Kb bone marrow cells (BMC) followed by immunisation with tumour-inexperienced or tumour-pulsed DC. Results: Immunisation with tumour-pulsed donor DC after allogeneic BMT suppressed tumour growth through induction of T cell-mediated NB cell lysis. Early post-transplant administration of DC was more effective than delayed immunisation, with similar efficacy of DC inoculated into the tumour and intravenously. In addition, tumour inexperienced DC were equally effective as tumour-pulsed DC in suppression of tumour growth. Immunisation of DC did not impact quantitative immune reconstitution, however, it enhanced T-cell maturation as evident from interferon-γ (IFN-γ) secretion, proliferation in response to mitogenic stimulation and tumour cell lysis in vitro. Dendritic cells potentiate GvT reactivity both through activation of T cells and specific sensitisation against tumour antigens. We found that during pulsing with tumour lysate DC also elaborate a factor that selectively inhibits lymphocyte proliferation, which is however abolished by humoral and DC-mediated lymphocyte activation. Conclusion: These data reveal complex involvement of antigen-presenting cells in GvT reactions, suggesting that the limited success in clinical application is not a result of limited efficacy but suboptimal implementation. Although DC can amplify soluble signals from NB lysates that inhibit lymphocyte proliferation, early administration of DC is a dominant factor in suppression of tumour growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gigi
- Zaizov Cancer Immunotherapy Laboratory, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
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16
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The effect of ionizing radiation on the homeostasis and functional integrity of murine splenic regulatory T cells. Inflamm Res 2012; 62:201-12. [PMID: 23080082 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-012-0567-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Radiotherapy affects antitumor immune responses; therefore, it is important to study radiation effects on various compartments of the immune system. Here we report radiation effects on the homeostasis and function of regulatory T (Treg) cells, which are important in down-regulating antitumor immune responses. METHODS C57Bl/6 mice were irradiated with 2 Gy and alterations in splenic lymphocyte fractions analyzed at different intervals. RESULTS Total CD4+ numbers showed stronger decrease after irradiation than CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs. Tregs were less prone to radiation-induced apoptosis than CD4+Foxp3- T cells. The ratio of CD4+Foxp3- and CD4+Foxp3+ fractions within the proliferating CD4+ pool progressively changed from 74:26 in control animals to 59:41 eleven days after irradiation, demonstrating a more dynamic increase in the proliferation and regeneration of the Treg pool. The CD4+Foxp3+ fraction expressing cell-surface CTLA4, an antigen associated with Treg cell activation increased from 5.3 % in unirradiated mice to 10.5 % three days after irradiation. The expression of IL-10 mRNA was moderately upregulated, while TGF-β expression was not affected. On the other hand, irradiation reduced Treg capacity to suppress effector T cell proliferation by 2.5-fold. CONCLUSION Tregs are more radioresistant, less prone to radiation-induced apoptosis, and have faster repopulation kinetics than CD4+Foxp3- cells, but irradiated Tregs are functionally compromised, having a reduced suppressive capacity.
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Gene therapy in interventional pulmonology: Interferon gene delivery with focus on thoracic malignancies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13665-011-0008-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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18
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Harada Y, Okada-Nakanishi Y, Ueda Y, Tsujitani S, Saito S, Fuji-Ogawa T, Iida A, Hasegawa M, Ichikawa T, Yonemitsu Y. Cytokine-based high log-scale expansion of functional human dendritic cells from cord-blood CD34-positive cells. Sci Rep 2011; 1:174. [PMID: 22355689 PMCID: PMC3240956 DOI: 10.1038/srep00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a crucial role in maintaining the immune system. Though DC-based cancer immunotherapy has been suggested as a potential treatment for various kinds of malignancies, its clinical efficacies are still insufficient in many human trials. Issues that limit the clinical efficacy of DC-based immunotherapy, as well as the difficulty of the industrial production of DCs, are largely due to the limited number of autologous DCs available from each patient. We here established a possible breakthrough, a simple cytokine-based culture method to expand the log-scale order of functional human DCs. Floating cultivation of cord-blood CD34(+) cells under an optimized cytokine cocktail led these progenitor cells to stable log-scale proliferation and to DC differentiation. The expanded DCs had typical features of conventional myeloid DCs in vitro. Therefore, the concept of DC expansion should contribute significantly to the progress of DC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Harada
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School ofMedicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
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Sugiyama M, Kakeji Y, Tsujitani S, Harada Y, Onimaru M, Yoshida K, Tanaka S, Emi Y, Morita M, Morodomi Y, Hasegawa M, Maehara Y, Yonemitsu Y. Antagonism of VEGF by genetically engineered dendritic cells is essential to induce antitumor immunity against malignant ascites. Mol Cancer Ther 2011; 10:540-9. [PMID: 21209070 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-10-0479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Malignant ascitis (MA) is a highly intractable and immunotherapy-resistant state of advanced gastrointestinal and ovarian cancers. Using a murine model of MA with CT26 colon cancer cells, we here determined that the imbalance between the VEGF-A/vascular permeability factor and its decoy receptor, soluble fms-like tryrosine kinase receptor-1 (sFLT-1), was a major cause of MA resistance to dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy. We found that the ratio of VEGF-A/sFLT-1 was increased not only in murine but also in human MA, and F-gene-deleted recombinant Sendai virus (rSeV/dF)-mediated secretion of human sFLT-1 by DCs augmented not only the activity of DCs themselves, but also dramatically improved the survival of tumor-bearing animals associated with enhanced CTL activity and its infiltration to peritoneal tumors. These findings were not seen in immunodeficient mice, indicating that a VEGF-A/sFLT-1 imbalance is critical for determining the antitumor immune response by DC-vaccination therapy against MA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Sugiyama
- R&D Laboratory for Innovative Biotherapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Rm 505 Collaborative Research Station II, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Ash S, Stein J, Askenasy N, Yaniv I. Immunomodulation with dendritic cells and donor lymphocyte infusion converge to induce graft vs neuroblastoma reactions without GVHD after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Br J Cancer 2010; 103:1597-605. [PMID: 20978501 PMCID: PMC2990575 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mounting evidence points to the efficacy of donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) and immunisation with tumour-pulsed dendritic cells (DC) in generating graft vs leukaemia reactions after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). We assessed the efficacy of DLI and DC in generating potent graft vs neuroblastoma tumour (GVT) reactions following allogeneic BMT. METHODS Mice bearing congenic (H2K(a)) Neuro-2a tumours were grafted with allogeneic (H2K(b)) T-cell-depleted bone marrow cells. Tumour-pulsed donor DC (DC(Neuro2a)) were inoculated (on day +7) in conjunction with donor (H2K(b)) and haploidentical (H2K(a/b)) lymphocytes. RESULTS Murine Neuro-2a cells elicit immune reactions as efficient as B lymphoma in major histocompatibility complex antigen-disparate mice. Lymphopenia induced by conditioning facilitates GVT, and transition to adaptive immunity is enhanced by simultaneous infusion of and DC(Neuro2a) and lymphocytes devoid of graft vs host (GVH) activity (H2K(a/b)). In variance, the efficacy of DC-mediated immunomodulation was diminished by severe graft vs host disease (GVHD), showing mechanistic dissociation and antagonising potential to GVT. CONCLUSIONS The GVHD is not a prerequisite to induce GVT reactivity after allogeneic BMT, but is rather detrimental to induction of anti-tumour immunity by DC-mediated immunomodulation. Simultaneous inoculation of tumour-pulsed donor DC and DLI synergise in stimulation of potent GVT reactions to the extent of eradication of established NB tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ash
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva 49202, Israel
- Zaizov Cancer Immunotherapy Laboratory, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva 49202, Israel
| | - J Stein
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva 49202, Israel
- Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva 49202, Israel
| | - N Askenasy
- Frankel Laboratory of Experimental Bone Marrow Transplantation, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, 14 Kaplan Street, Petach Tikva 49202, Israel
| | - I Yaniv
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva 49202, Israel
- Zaizov Cancer Immunotherapy Laboratory, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva 49202, Israel
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Harada Y, Yonemitsu Y. [New technologies for immunotherapy against cancer: development of cell expansion technology and viruses as immune boosters]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2010; 130:1519-26. [PMID: 21048412 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.130.1519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a crucial role in maintaining the immune system. Although DC-based cancer immunotherapy has been suggested as a potential treatment for various kinds of malignancies, clinical efficacies have been still unsatisfactory. To improve the clinical outcome of DC-based cancer immunotherapy, we are now focusing on 1) increase of numbers of therapeutic immune cells, i.e., DCs, and 2) the development of new methods for stimulating them. We have recently established a possible breakthrough, a simple cytokine-based culture method to realize a log-scale order of functional myeloid-type murine/human DCs. Moreover, we demonstrated that DCs activated by replication-deficient recombinant Sendai virus (rSeV) were highly effective than that seen in the use of current DC vaccine stimulated by conventional cytokines etc., for immunotherapy against malignancies. Therefore, our study strongly suggests that these improvements could overcome the current limitations of DC-based immunotherapy for malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Harada
- Kyushu University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D Laboratory for Innovative Biotherapeutics, Fukuoka, Japan
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