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Zhou X, Li X, Sun C, Shi C, Hua D, Yu L, Wen Y, Hua F, Wang Q, Zhou Q, Yu S. Quaking-5 suppresses aggressiveness of lung cancer cells through inhibiting β-catenin signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:82174-82184. [PMID: 29137254 PMCID: PMC5669880 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Quaking-5 (QKI-5) belongs to the STAR (signal transduction and activation of RNA) family of RNA binding proteins and functions as a tumor suppressor in several human malignancies. In this study, we attempt to elucidate the role of QKI-5 in the pro-metastasis processes of lung cancer (LC) cells and the underlying mechanisms. We confirmed that QKI-5 was decreased in human LC tissues and cell lines, especially in high-metastatic cells. Moreover, QKI expression was positively correlated with LC patients’ survival. Functional studies verified that QKI-5 suppressed migration, invasion and TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of LC cells. Mechanistically, we affirmed that QKI-5 reduced β-catenin level in LC cells via suppressing its translation and promoting its degradation, whereas QKI-5 promoter hypermethylation suppressed QKI-5 expression. Our findings indicate that QKI-5 inhibits pro-metastasis processes of LC cells through interdicting β-catenin signaling pathway, and that QKI-5 promoter hypermethylation is a crucial epigenetic regulation reducing QKI-5 expression in LC cells, and reveal that QKI-5 is a potential prognostic biomarker for LC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexia Zhou
- Department of Neuropathology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of The Nervous System, Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System of Education Ministry, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xuebing Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Cuiyun Sun
- Department of Neuropathology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of The Nervous System, Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System of Education Ministry, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Cuijuan Shi
- Department of Neuropathology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of The Nervous System, Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System of Education Ministry, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Dan Hua
- Department of Neuropathology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of The Nervous System, Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System of Education Ministry, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Lin Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yanjun Wen
- Department of Neuropathology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of The Nervous System, Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System of Education Ministry, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Feng Hua
- Department of Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan 250117, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Neuropathology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of The Nervous System, Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System of Education Ministry, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Qinghua Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Shizhu Yu
- Department of Neuropathology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of The Nervous System, Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System of Education Ministry, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
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Lee J, Kim S. Regulation of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) α in human-cytomegalovirus-infected fibroblasts. Arch Virol 2016; 161:1151-8. [PMID: 26831934 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2768-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) α, a member of the C/EBP family of transcription factors, is known to be involved in gene expression and DNA replication of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). This study aimed to understand the regulation of endogenous C/EBPα during HCMV infection using an in vitro infection model. The expression and localization of C/EBPα were investigated in fibroblasts infected with HCMV. The overexpression of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), the endogenous inhibitor of C/EBP, was also employed to test the involvement of C/EBPα during HCMV infection. Our data showed that HCMV infection increases the expression of the full-length C/EBPα isoform (p42) especially during the late stage of infection at the transcriptional and post-translational levels. The increased p42 accumulated in the viral DNA replication compartment. p42 expression was not induced in cells treated with UV-irradiated virus or in cells infected with normal virus in the presence of ganciclovir. CHOP-mediated inhibition of C/EBP activity suppressed viral gene expression and DNA replication, which lowered the level of viral production. Together, our data suggest that HCMV-mediated C/EBPα regulation might play a beneficial role in the lytic cycle of HCMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsub Lee
- Laboratory of Virology, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747, Korea
| | - Sunyoung Kim
- Laboratory of Virology, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747, Korea.
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Ahn J, Lee J, Kim S. Interferon-gamma inhibits the neuronal differentiation of neural progenitor cells by inhibiting the expression of Neurogenin2 via the JAK/STAT1 pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 466:52-9. [PMID: 26325468 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.08.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is one of the critical cytokines released by host immune cells upon infection. Despite the important role(s) of IFN-γ in host immune responses, there has been no in vivo study regarding the effects of IFN-γ on brain development, and the results from many in vitro studies are controversial. In this study, the effects of IFN-γ on embryonic neurogenesis were investigated. Treatment of E14.5 mouse neural progenitor cells (NPCs) with IFN-γ resulted in a decrease in the percentage of TuJ1-positive immature neurons but an increase in the percentage of Nestin-positive NPCs. Similar results were obtained in vivo. Treatment of NPCs with a JAK inhibitor or the knockdown of STAT1 expression abrogated the IFN-γ-mediated inhibition of neurogenesis. Interestingly, the expression of one of proneural genes, Neurogenin2 (Neurog2) was dramatically inhibited upon IFN-γ treatment, and cells overexpressing Neurog2 did not respond to IFN-γ. Taken together, our results demonstrate that IFN-γ inhibits neuronal differentiation of NPCs by negatively regulating the expression of Neurog2 via the JAK/STAT1 pathway. Our findings may provide an insight into the role of IFN-γ in the development of embryonic brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyhyun Ahn
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, 504-208, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul 151-742, South Korea.
| | - Junsub Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, 504-208, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul 151-742, South Korea.
| | - Sunyoung Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, 504-208, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul 151-742, South Korea.
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Ahn J, Jang J, Choi J, Lee J, Oh SH, Lee J, Yoon K, Kim S. GSK3β, but not GSK3α, inhibits the neuronal differentiation of neural progenitor cells as a downstream target of mammalian target of rapamycin complex1. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:1121-33. [PMID: 24397546 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) acts as an important regulator during the proliferation and differentiation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs), but the roles of the isoforms of this molecule (GSK3α and GSK3β) have not been clearly defined. In this study, we investigated the functions of GSK3α and GSK3β in the context of neuronal differentiation of murine NPCs. Treatment of primary NPCs with a GSK3 inhibitor (SB216763) resulted in an increase in the percentage of TuJ1-positive immature neurons, suggesting an inhibitory role of GSK3 in embryonic neurogenesis. Downregulation of GSK3β expression increased the percentage of TuJ1-positive cells, while knock-down of GSK3α seemed to have no effect. When primary NPCs were engineered to stably express either isoform of GSK3 using retroviral vectors, GSK3β, but not GSK3α, inhibited neuronal differentiation and helped the cells to maintain the characteristics of NPCs. Mutant GSK3β (Y216F) failed to suppress neuronal differentiation, indicating that the kinase activity of GSK3β is important for this regulatory function. Similar results were obtained in vivo when a retroviral vector expressing GSK3β was delivered to E9.5 mouse brains using the ultrasound image-guided gene delivery technique. In addition, SB216763 was found to block the rapamycin-mediated inhibition of neuronal differentiation of NPCs. Taken together, our results demonstrate that GSK3β, but not GSK3α, negatively controls the neuronal differentiation of progenitor cells and that GSK3β may act downstream of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyhyun Ahn
- 1 School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University , Seoul, Korea
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Jang J, Ahn J, Lee N, Kim ST, Kweon DH, Cho JY, Park KW, Kim S, Yoon K. Ultrasound backscatter microscopy image-guided intraventricular gene delivery at murine embryonic age 9.5 and 10.5 produces distinct transgene expression patterns at the adult stage. Mol Imaging 2014; 12. [PMID: 24447614 DOI: 10.2310/7290.2013.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In utero injection of a retroviral vector into the embryonic telencephalon aided by ultrasound backscatter microscopy permits introduction of a gene of interest at an early stage of development. In this study, we compared the tissue distribution of gene expression in adult mice injected with retroviral vectors at different embryonic ages in utero. Following ultrasound image-guided gene delivery (UIGD) into the embryonic telencephalon, adult mice were subjected to whole-body luciferase imaging and immunohistochemical analysis at 6 weeks and 1 year postinjection. Luciferase activity was observed in a wide range of tissues in animals injected at embryonic age 9.5 (E9.5), whereas animals injected at E10.5 showed brain-localized reporter gene expression. These results suggest that mouse embryonic brain creates a closed and impermeable structure around E10. Therefore, by injecting a transgene before or after E10, transgene expression can be manipulated to be local or systemic. Our results also provide information that widens the applicability of UIGD beyond neuroscience studies.
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Artegiani B, Calegari F. Lentiviruses allow widespread and conditional manipulation of gene expression in the developing mouse brain. Development 2013; 140:2818-22. [PMID: 23757413 DOI: 10.1242/dev.093823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Generation of transgenic mice, in utero electroporation and viral injection are common approaches to manipulate gene expression during embryonic development of the mammalian brain. While very powerful in many contexts, these approaches are each characterized by their own limitations: namely, that generation of transgenic mice is time-consuming and electroporation only allows the targeting of a small area of the brain. Similarly, viral injection has been predominantly characterized by using retroviruses or adenoviruses that are limited by a relatively low infectivity or lack of integration, respectively. Here we report the use of integrating lentiviral vectors as a system to achieve widespread and efficient infection of the whole brain after in utero injection in the telencephalic ventricle of mouse embryos. In addition, we explored the use of Cre-mediated recombination of loxP-containing lentiviral vectors to achieve spatial and temporal control of gene expression of virtually any transgene without the need for generation of additional mouse lines. Our work provides a system to overcome the limitations of retroviruses and adenoviruses by achieving widespread and high efficiency of transduction. The combination of lentiviral injection and site-specific recombination offers a fast and efficient alternative to complement and diversify the current methodologies to acutely manipulate gene expression in developing mammalian embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Artegiani
- DFG-Research Center and Cluster of Excellence for Regenerative Therapies, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 105, Dresden 01307, Germany
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