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Borlongan MC, Saha D, Wang H. Tumor Microenvironment: A Niche for Cancer Stem Cell Immunotherapy. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:3-24. [PMID: 37861969 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10639-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Tumorigenic Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs), often called tumor-initiating cells (TICs), represent a unique subset of cells within the tumor milieu. They stand apart from the bulk of tumor cells due to their exceptional self-renewal, metastatic, and differentiation capabilities. Despite significant progress in classifying CSCs, these cells remain notably resilient to conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy, contributing to cancer recurrence. In this review, our objective is to explore novel avenues of research that delve into the distinctive characteristics of CSCs within their surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME). We will start with an overview of the defining features of CSCs and then delve into their intricate interactions with cells from the lymphoid lineage, namely T cells, B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. Furthermore, we will discuss their dynamic interplay with myeloid lineage cells, including macrophages, neutrophils, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Moreover, we will illuminate the crosstalk between CSCs and cells of mesenchymal origin, specifically fibroblasts, adipocytes, and endothelial cells. Subsequently, we will underscore the pivotal role of CSCs within the context of the tumor-associated extracellular matrix (ECM). Finally, we will highlight pre-clinical and clinical studies that target CSCs within the intricate landscape of the TME, including CAR-T therapy, oncolytic viruses, and CSC-vaccines, with the ultimate goal of uncovering novel avenues for CSC-based cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia C Borlongan
- College of Medicine, California Northstate University, 9700 West Taron Drive, Elk Grove, CA, 95757, USA
| | - Dipongkor Saha
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, 9700 West Taron Drive, Elk Grove, CA, 95757, USA.
| | - Hongbin Wang
- College of Medicine, California Northstate University, 9700 West Taron Drive, Elk Grove, CA, 95757, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, 9700 West Taron Drive, Elk Grove, CA, 95757, USA.
- Master Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Graduate Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences College of Pharmacy, Department of Basic Science College of Medicine, California Northstate University, 9700 West Taron Drive, Elk Grove, CA, 95757, USA.
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2
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Platelet-Derived Mitochondria Attenuate 5-FU-Induced Injury to Bone-Associated Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:7482546. [PMID: 36756493 PMCID: PMC9902133 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7482546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Myelosuppression is a common condition during chemotherapy. Bone-associated mesenchymal stem cells (BA-MSCs) play an essential role in the composition of the hematopoietic microenvironment and support hematopoietic activity. However, chemotherapy-induced damage to BA-MSCs is rarely studied. Recent studies have shown that platelets promote the wound-healing capability of MSCs by mitochondrial transfer. Therefore, this study is aimed at investigating the chemotherapy-induced damage to BA-MSCs and the therapeutic effect of platelet-derived mitochondria. Material/Methods. We established in vivo and in vitro BA-MSC chemotherapy injury models using the chemotherapy agent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Changes in the mitochondrial dynamics were detected by transmission electron microscopy, and the expression of mitochondrial fusion and fission genes was analyzed by qRT-PCR. In addition, mitochondrial functions were also explored by flow cytometry and luminometer. Platelet-derived mitochondria were incubated with 5-FU-damaged BA-MSCs to repair the injury, and BA-MSC functional changes were examined to assess the therapy efficacy. The mechanism of treatment was explored by studying the expression of mitochondrial fission and fusion genes and hematopoietic regulatory factor genes in BA-MSCs. Results Stimulation with 5-FU increased the apoptosis and suppressed cell cycle progression of BA-MSCs both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, 5-FU chemotherapy inhibited the hematopoietic regulatory ability and disrupted the mitochondrial dynamics and functions of BA-MSCs. The mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP content of 5-FU-injured BA-MSCs were decreased. Interestingly, when platelet-derived mitochondria were transferred to BA-MSCs, the 5-FU-induced apoptosis was alleviated, and the hematopoietic regulatory ability of 5-FU-injured BA-MSCs was effectively improved by upregulating the expression of mitochondrial fusion genes and hematopoietic regulatory factor genes. Conclusion BA-MSCs were severely damaged by 5-FU chemotherapy both in vivo and in vitro. Meanwhile, platelet-derived mitochondria could attenuate the 5-FU-induced injury to BA-MSCs, which provides future research directions for exploring the treatment strategies for chemotherapy-injured BA-MSCs and establishes a research basis for related fields.
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3
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Hu J, Chen C, Lu R, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Hu Q, Li W, Wang S, Jing O, Yi H, Zhang W, Chen L, Huang W, Luo J, McLeod HL, Xu R, He Y. β-Adrenergic Receptor Inhibitor and Oncolytic Herpesvirus Combination Therapy Shows Enhanced Antitumoral and Antiangiogenic Effects on Colorectal Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:735278. [PMID: 34721024 PMCID: PMC8554205 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.735278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are considered a promising therapeutic alternative for cancer. However, despite the development of novel OVs with improved efficacy and tumor selectivity, their limited efficacy as monotherapeutic agents remains a significant challenge. This study extended our previously observed combination effects of propranolol, a nonselective β-blocker, and the T1012G oncolytic virus into colorectal cancer models. A cell viability assay showed that cotreatment could induce synergistic killing effects on human and murine colorectal cell lines. Moreover, cotreatment caused sustained tumor regression compared with T1012G monotherapy or propranolol monotherapy in human HCT116 and murine MC38 tumor models. The propranolol activity was not via a direct effect on viral replication in vitro or in vivo. Western blotting showed that cotreatment significantly enhanced the expression of cleaved caspase-3 in HCT116 and MC38 cells compared with the propranolol or T1012G alone. In addition, propranolol or T1012G treatment induced a 35.06% ± 0.53% or 35.49% ± 2.68% reduction in VEGF secretion in HUVECs (p < 0.01/p < 0.01). Cotreatment further inhibited VEGF secretion compared with the monotherapies (compared with propranolol treatment: 75.06% ± 1.50% decrease, compared with T1012G treatment: 74.91% ± 0.68%; p<0.001, p < 0.001). Consistent with the in vitro results, in vivo data showed that cotreatment could reduce Ki67 and enhance cleaved caspase 3 and CD31 expression in human HCT116 and murine MC38 xenografts. In summary, β-blockers could improve the therapeutic potential of OVs by enhancing oncolytic virus-mediated killing of colorectal cancer cells and colorectal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Cuiyu Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ruitao Lu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wanting Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ouyang Jing
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hanying Yi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weihua Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia Luo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Intestinal Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Howard L McLeod
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Geriatric Oncology Consortium, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Ran Xu
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yijing He
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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4
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Kana SI, Essani K. Immuno-Oncolytic Viruses: Emerging Options in the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer. Mol Diagn Ther 2021; 25:301-313. [PMID: 33713031 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-021-00517-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third most common neoplasm in the world and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the USA. A safer and more effective therapeutic intervention against this malignant carcinoma is called for given the limitations and toxicities associated with the currently available treatment modalities. Immuno-oncolytic or oncolytic virotherapy, the use of viruses to selectively or preferentially kill cancer cells, has emerged as a potential anticancer treatment modality. Oncolytic viruses act as double-edged swords against the tumors through the direct cytolysis of cancer cells and the induction of antitumor immunity. A number of such viruses have been tested against colorectal cancer, in both preclinical and clinical settings, and many have produced promising results. Oncolytic virotherapy has also shown synergistic antitumor efficacy in combination with conventional treatment regimens. In this review, we describe the status of this therapeutic approach against colorectal cancer at both preclinical and clinical levels. Successes with and the challenges of using oncolytic viruses, both as monotherapy and in combination therapy, are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Islam Kana
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, 49008-5410, USA
| | - Karim Essani
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, 49008-5410, USA.
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5
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Precision Approaches in the Management of Colorectal Cancer: Current Evidence and Latest Advancements Towards Individualizing the Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113481. [PMID: 33238500 PMCID: PMC7700522 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic and molecular underpinnings of metastatic colorectal cancer have been studied for decades, and the applicability of these findings in clinical decision making continues to evolve. Advancements in translating molecular studies have provided a basis for tailoring chemotherapeutic regimens in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) treatment, which have informed multiple practice guidelines. Various genetic and molecular pathways have been identified as clinically significant in the pathogenesis of metastatic colorectal cancer. These include rat sarcoma (RAS), epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR), vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF, microsatellite instability, mismatch repair, and v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog b1 (BRAF) with established clinical implications. RAS mutations and deficiencies in the mismatch repair pathway guide decisions regarding the administration of anti-EGFR-based therapies and immunotherapy, respectively. Furthermore, there are several emerging pathways and therapeutic modalities that have not entered mainstream use in mCRC treatment and are ripe for further investigation. The well-established data in the arena of targeted therapies provide evidence-based support for the use or avoidance of various therapeutic regimens in mCRC treatment, while the emerging pathways and platforms offer a glimpse into the future of transforming a precision approach into a personalized treatment.
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6
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Fichtner-Feigl S. Biology-and Location-Oriented Precision Treatment of Rectal Cancer: Present and Future. Visc Med 2020; 36:381-387. [PMID: 33178735 PMCID: PMC7590750 DOI: 10.1159/000510488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The surgical approach in rectal cancer treatment has evolved in the last decades and a standardized surgical technique for tumor resection - total mesorectal excision - has been established. SUMMARY In a multidisciplinary effort with the use of total mesorectal excision in combination with adjuvant and neoadjuvant treatments to compliment surgery disease management can achieve excellent long-term local control and improved patient survival. Further improvements in imaging techniques and the ability to identify prognostic factors such as tumor regression, extramural venous invasion, and threatened margins have introduced the concept of decision-making based on preoperative staging information. KEY MESSAGE Therefore, in the modern era treatment algorithms are based on high-resolution imaging to plan neoadjuvant therapy and precision surgery followed by pathological and molecular analysis to stratify patients for the need of adjuvant chemotherapy. Despite excellent results with guideline structured treatment pathways, there is still a need to improve long-term results especially for individuals with locally advanced or metastatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Fichtner-Feigl
- Klinik für Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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7
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Zhang YN, Wang SB, Song SS, Hu PY, Zhou YC, Mou YP, Mou XZ. Recent advances in targeting cancer stem cells using oncolytic viruses. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:865-874. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-02857-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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8
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George TJ, Franke AJ, Chakravarthy AB, Das P, Dasari A, El-Rayes BF, Hong TS, Kinsella TJ, Landry JC, Lee JJ, Monjazeb AM, Jacobs SA, Raben D, Rahma OE, Williams TM, Wu C, Coleman CN, Vikram B, Ahmed MM. National Cancer Institute (NCI) state of the science: Targeted radiosensitizers in colorectal cancer. Cancer 2019; 125:2732-2746. [PMID: 31017664 PMCID: PMC6663584 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents a major public health problem as the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States. Of an estimated 140,000 newly diagnosed CRC cases in 2018, roughly one-third of these patients will have a primary tumor located in the distal large bowel or rectum. The current standard-of-care approach includes curative-intent surgery, often after preoperative (neoadjuvant) radiotherapy (RT), to increase rates of tumor down-staging, clinical and pathologic response, as well as improving surgical resection quality. However, despite advancements in surgical techniques, as well as sharpened precision of dosimetry offered by contemporary RT delivery platforms, the oncology community continues to face challenges related to disease relapse. Ongoing investigations are aimed at testing novel radiosensitizing agents and treatments that might exploit the systemic antitumor effects of RT using immunotherapies. If successful, these treatments may usher in a new curative paradigm for rectal cancers, such that surgical interventions may be avoided. Importantly, this disease offers an opportunity to correlate matched paired biopsies, radiographic response, and molecular mechanisms of treatment sensitivity and resistance with clinical outcomes. Herein, the authors highlight the available evidence from preclinical models and early-phase studies, with an emphasis on promising developmental therapeutics undergoing prospective validation in larger scale clinical trials. This review by the National Cancer Institute's Radiation Research Program Colorectal Cancer Working Group provides an updated, comprehensive examination of the continuously evolving state of the science regarding radiosensitizer drug development in the curative treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J George
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Aaron J Franke
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - A Bapsi Chakravarthy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Prajnan Das
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Arvind Dasari
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bassel F El-Rayes
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Theodore S Hong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Timothy J Kinsella
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital-Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Jerome C Landry
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - James J Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Arta M Monjazeb
- Division of Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Samuel A Jacobs
- National Adjuvant Surgical and Bowel Project Foundation/NRG Oncology, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania
| | - David Raben
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Osama E Rahma
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Terence M Williams
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Christina Wu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - C Norman Coleman
- Clinical Radiation Oncology Branch, Radiation Research Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bhadrasain Vikram
- Clinical Radiation Oncology Branch, Radiation Research Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mansoor M Ahmed
- Clinical Radiation Oncology Branch, Radiation Research Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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9
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Abstract
In the wake of a breakthrough in biotechnology providing realistic application of recombinant expressed proteins as drugs in the 1990s, gene therapy emerged as the potential approach for providing medicines of the future [...].
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10
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Immunotherapeutic advances in gastrointestinal malignancies. NPJ Precis Oncol 2019; 3:4. [PMID: 30729176 PMCID: PMC6363766 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-018-0076-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is an important global issue with increasing incidence and mortality, placing a substantial burden on the healthcare system. Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer diagnosed among men and women in US. It is estimated that in 2018 there will be 319,160 new diagnosis and 160,820 deaths related to cancer of the digestive system including both genders in the United States alone. Considering limited success of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery in treatment of these cancer patients, new therapeutic avenues are under constant investigation. Therapy options have consistently moved away from typical cytotoxic chemotherapy where patients with a given type and stage of the disease were treated similarly, to an individualized approach where a tumor is defined by its specific tissue characteristics /epigenetic profile, protein expression and genetic mutations. This review takes a deeper look at the immune-biological aspects of cancers in the gastrointestinal tract (entire digestive tract extending from esophagus/stomach to rectum, including pancreatico-biliary apparatus) and discusses the different treatment modalities that are available or being developed to target the immune system for better disease outcome.
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11
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Zhang W, Wang F, Hu X, Liang J, Liu B, Guan Q, Liu S. Inhibition of colorectal cancer liver metastasis in BALB/c mice following intratumoral injection of oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 2 for the induction of specific antitumor immunity. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:815-822. [PMID: 30655834 PMCID: PMC6313052 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver metastasis represents the most prominent metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC) and is the leading cause of CRC mortality, making the early prevention of this event very important. While current CRC therapies include surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, no effective treatment option for CRC liver metastasis (CRLM) exists. Furthermore, the effects of currently available metastatic CRC drugs are frequently limited by their toxicity and side effects. Oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 2 (oHSV2) selectively infects tumor cells and also induces an antitumor immune response. The present study investigated the cytopathic effects of oHSV2 on CT-26 cells in vitro and tested its inhibitory effect on CRLM. In vitro experimental data demonstrated that oHSV2 effectively inhibited the growth of CT-26 cells. In vivo study data demonstrated that treatment with oHSV2 alone slowed the growth of subcutaneous xenograft tumors without inducing weight loss and also inhibited CRLM by increasing the numbers of cluster of differentiation (CD)4+ T, CD8+ T and natural killer cells. In summary, oHSV2 shows potential as a safe and effective therapeutic agent for inhibiting the metastasis of CT-26 CRC cells to the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Department of Immunology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Department of Immunology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China.,Inner Mongolia University For Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Jing Liang
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Binlei Liu
- Department of Immunology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China.,Hubei Provincial Cooperative, Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 30068, P.R. China
| | - Qi Guan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second Clinical Medical School of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Yakeshi, Inner Mongolia 022150, P.R. China
| | - Shangmei Liu
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
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12
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Lundstrom K. Viral Vectors in Gene Therapy. Diseases 2018; 6:diseases6020042. [PMID: 29883422 PMCID: PMC6023384 DOI: 10.3390/diseases6020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Applications of viral vectors have found an encouraging new beginning in gene therapy in recent years. Significant improvements in vector engineering, delivery, and safety have placed viral vector-based therapy at the forefront of modern medicine. Viral vectors have been employed for the treatment of various diseases such as metabolic, cardiovascular, muscular, hematologic, ophthalmologic, and infectious diseases and different types of cancer. Recent development in the area of immunotherapy has provided both preventive and therapeutic approaches. Furthermore, gene silencing generating a reversible effect has become an interesting alternative, and is well-suited for delivery by viral vectors. A number of preclinical studies have demonstrated therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy in animal models and furthermore in clinical trials. Several viral vector-based drugs have also been globally approved.
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13
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Wang Y, Jin J, Wu Z, Hu S, Hu H, Ning Z, Li Y, Dong Y, Zou J, Mao Z, Shi X, Zheng H, Dong S, Liu F, Fang Z, Wu J, Liu B. Stability and anti-tumor effect of oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 2. Oncotarget 2018; 9:24672-24683. [PMID: 29872496 PMCID: PMC5973869 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy is a new therapeutic strategy based on the inherent cytotoxicity of viruses and their ability to replicate and spread in tumors in a selective manner. We constructed a new type of oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 2 (oHSV-2, named OH2) to treat human cancers, but a systematic evaluation of the stability and oncolytic ability of this virus is lacking. In this study, we evaluated its physical stability, gene modification stability and biological characteristics stability, including its anti-tumor activity in an animal model. The physical characteristics as well as genetic deletions and insertions in OH2 were stable, and the anti-tumor activity remained stable even after passage of the virus for more than 20 generations. In conclusion, OH2 is a virus that has stable structural and biological traits. Furthermore, OH2 is a potent oncolytic agent against tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Jin
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, Hubei, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, Hubei, China
| | - Sheng Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Han Hu
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, Hubei, China
| | - Zhifeng Ning
- Basic Medicine College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, Hubei, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- College of Pharmacology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, Hubei, China
| | - Yuting Dong
- Wuhan Binhui Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, 430075, Hubei, China
| | - Jianwen Zou
- College of Pharmacology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, Hubei, China
| | - Zeyong Mao
- Wuhan Binhui Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, 430075, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaotai Shi
- Wuhan Binhui Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, 430075, Hubei, China
| | - Huajun Zheng
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Dong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Fuxing Liu
- Basic Medicine College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, Hubei, China
| | - Zhizheng Fang
- Wuhan Binhui Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, 430075, Hubei, China
| | - Jiliang Wu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiocerebrovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, Hubei, China
| | - Binlei Liu
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, Hubei, China.,College of Pharmacology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, Hubei, China
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Huang F, Wang BR, Wu YQ, Wang FC, Zhang J, Wang YG. Oncolytic viruses against cancer stem cells: A promising approach for gastrointestinal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:7999-8009. [PMID: 27672294 PMCID: PMC5028813 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i35.7999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancer has been one of the five most commonly diagnosed and leading causes of cancer mortality over the past few decades. Great progress in traditional therapies has been made, which prolonged survival in patients with early cancer, yet tumor relapse and drug resistance still occurred, which is explained by the cancer stem cell (CSC) theory. Oncolytic virotherapy has attracted increasing interest in cancer because of its ability to infect and lyse CSCs. This paper reviews the basic knowledge, CSC markers and therapeutics of gastrointestinal cancer (liver, gastric, colon and pancreatic cancer), as well as research advances and possible molecular mechanisms of various oncolytic viruses against gastrointestinal CSCs. This paper also summarizes the existing obstacles to oncolytic virotherapy and proposes several alternative suggestions to overcome the therapeutic limitations.
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