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Czuppon P, Billiard S. Revisiting the number of self-incompatibility alleles in finite populations: From old models to new results. J Evol Biol 2022; 35:1296-1308. [PMID: 35852940 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Under gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI), plants are heterozygous at the self-incompatibility locus (S-locus) and can only be fertilized by pollen with a different allele at that locus. The last century has seen a heated debate about the correct way of modelling the allele diversity in a GSI population that was never formally resolved. Starting from an individual-based model, we derive the deterministic dynamics as proposed by Fisher (The genetical theory of natural selection - A complete, Variorum edition, Oxford University Press, 1958) and compute the stationary S-allele frequency distribution. We find that the stationary distribution proposed by Wright (Evolution, 18, 609, 1964) is close to our theoretical prediction, in line with earlier numerical confirmation. Additionally, we approximate the invasion probability of a new S-allele, which scales inversely with the number of resident S-alleles. Lastly, we use the stationary allele frequency distribution to estimate the population size of a plant population from an empirically obtained allele frequency spectrum, which complements the existing estimator of the number of S-alleles. Our expression of the stationary distribution resolves the long-standing debate about the correct approximation of the number of S-alleles and paves the way for new statistical developments for the estimation of the plant population size based on S-allele frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Czuppon
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Abstract
The self-incompatibility (S-) locus of flowering plants is among the most polymorphic known. PCR methods can now be used to estimate both the number of alleles in natural populations and their sequence diversity. The number of alleles provides an estimate of recent effective population size, thus the S-locus provides a tool for examining how species characteristics affect population size. Sequence relationships among alleles provide another estimate of population size extending millions of years into the past. Relationships between S-alleles and related genes provide a means of dating the age of origin of incompatibility systems and determining which, if any, angiosperm families share incompatibility by homology.
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Abstract
In the primitive angiosperms, closed carpels are believed to have evolved as protection for ovules, which would otherwise be injured by animal pollinators. The hypothesis is presented that, whatever the origin and other functions of angiosperms, insect pollination and closed carpels may, in combination, reduce the influence of random variation on pollen tube competition, thus enhancing the ability of natural selection to act on the gametophytic phase of the life cycle. The microgametophytic phase represented by vast numbers of haploid individuals can then serve, by insect pollination and closed carpels, as a screen against any genome not functioning with a high degree of metabolic vigor. Poorly balanced genomes could thus be eliminated at relatively little cost. Insect-pollinated angiosperms would therefore benefit from positive aspects of sexual recombination. Such a system may have allowed the angiosperms to undergo their rise to dominance.
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LINDGREN DAG, ERIKSSON GÖSTA, ŠULOVSKÁ KATARINA. The size and appearance of the mutated sector in barley spikes. Hereditas 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.1970.tb02310.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Lingren D. Sensitivity of premeiotic and meiotic stages to spontaneous and induced mutations in barley and maize. Hereditas 2009; 79:227-38. [PMID: 1141000 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.1975.tb01479.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Hiscock SJ, Kües U. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of sexual incompatibility in plants and fungi. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 1999; 193:165-295. [PMID: 10494623 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)61781-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Plants and fungi show an astonishing diversity of mechanisms to promote outbreeding, the most widespread of which is sexual incompatibility. Sexual incompatibility involves molecular recognition between mating partners. In fungi and algae, highly polymorphic mating-type loci mediate mating through complementary interactions between molecules encoded or regulated by different mating-type haplotypes, whereas in flowering plants polymorphic self-incompatibility loci regulate mate recognition through oppositional interactions between molecules encoded by the same self-incompatibility haplotypes. This subtle mechanistic difference is a consequence of the different life cycles of fungi, algae, and flowering plants. Recent molecular and biochemical studies have provided fascinating insights into the mechanisms of mate recognition and are beginning to shed light on evolution and population genetics of these extraordinarily polymorphic genetic systems of incompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Hiscock
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
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Differential seed maturation uncouples fertilization and siring success in Oenothera organensis (Onagraceae). Heredity (Edinb) 1996. [DOI: 10.1038/hdy.1996.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Franklin F, Lawrence M, Franklin-Tong V. Cell and Molecular Biology of Self-Incompatibility in Flowering Plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)62485-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
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Self-incompatibility in ryegrass. XI. Number and frequency of alleles in a cultivar of Lolium perenne L. Heredity (Edinb) 1994. [DOI: 10.1038/hdy.1994.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Clark AG, Kao TH. Self-incompatibility: theoretical concepts and evolution. ADVANCES IN CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-1669-7_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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O'Donnell S, Lane MD, Lawrence MJ. The population genetics of the self-incompatibility polymorphism in Papaver rhoeas. VI. Estimation of the overlap between the allelelic complements of a pair of populations. Heredity (Edinb) 1993. [DOI: 10.1038/hdy.1993.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Mutations affecting self-incompatibility in Phalaris coerulescens Desf. (Poaceae). Heredity (Edinb) 1992. [DOI: 10.1038/hdy.1992.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Dana MN, Ascher PD. Sexually localized expression of pseudo-self compatibility (PSC) in Petunia X hybrida Hort : 2. Stylar inactivation. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1986; 71:578-584. [PMID: 24247532 DOI: 10.1007/bf00264260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/1985] [Accepted: 08/21/1985] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A previously identified S-linked stylar-inactivation PSC factor (Flaschenriem and Ascher 1979b) was studied for its location relative to S. Plants exhibiting complete stylar-inactivation PSC were those with higher multigenic PSC background level than plants with only S-linked partial stylar-inactivation PSC. A pollen-mediated pseudo-self compatibility (PMPSC) adjustment factor was offered as a device to focus on stylar-inactivation PSC by removing some male origin, multigenic PSC. The stylar inactivation factor was not tightly linked to S but affected expression of only the allele to which it was linked. A three part interacting association of genetic material governing self incompatibility (SI) is proposed. The parts of S are the SI identity gene, S-specific PSC genes and, finally, PSC genes which are not S-specific in action. The complete association is termed the SI-complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Dana
- Department of Horticultural Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
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Lawrence MJ, Marshall DF, Curtis VE, Fearon CH. Gametophytic self-incompatibility re-examined: a reply. Heredity (Edinb) 1985. [DOI: 10.1038/hdy.1985.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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O'Donnell S, Lawrence MJ. The population genetics of the self-incompatibility polymorphism in Papaver rhoeas. IV. The estimation of the number of alleles in a population. Heredity (Edinb) 1984. [DOI: 10.1038/hdy.1984.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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The population genetics of the self-incompatibility polymorphism in Papaver rhoeas. I. The number and distribution of S-alleles in families from three localities. Heredity (Edinb) 1981. [DOI: 10.1038/hdy.1981.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Charlesworth D, Charlesworth B. The evolution and breakdown of S-allele systems. Heredity (Edinb) 1979. [DOI: 10.1038/hdy.1979.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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The effects of different mutagens on self-incompatibility in Nicotiana alata Link and Otto. Heredity (Edinb) 1975. [DOI: 10.1038/hdy.1975.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Pandey KK. Overcoming interspecific pollen incompatibility through the use of ionising radiation. Heredity (Edinb) 1974. [DOI: 10.1038/hdy.1974.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Elements of theS-gene complex VI. Mutations of the self-incompatibility gene, pseudo-compatibility and origin of new self-incompatibility alleles. Genetica 1970. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00958929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Purdom CE, Dyer KF, Papworth DG. Spontaneous mutation in Drosophila: studies on the rate of mutation in mature and immature male germ cells. Mutat Res 1968; 5:133-46. [PMID: 5660761 DOI: 10.1016/0027-5107(68)90086-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Pandey KK. Elements of the S-gene complex II. Mutation and complementation at the SI locus in Nicotiana alata. Heredity (Edinb) 1967. [DOI: 10.1038/hdy.1967.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Pandey KK. Origin of genetic variability: combinations of peroxidase lsozymes determine multiple allelism of the S gene. Nature 1967; 213:669-72. [PMID: 6031770 DOI: 10.1038/213669a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Centric Chromosome Fragments and Pollen-Part Mutation of the Incompatibility Gene in Nicotiana alata. Nature 1965. [DOI: 10.1038/206792a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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