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Hayashi S, Kenta H, Itoh T. Sexual maturation and allometry of reproductive traits in large- and small-sized male honeybees. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 149:104550. [PMID: 37524257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2023.104550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The body size of male honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) is a cause of skewed reproductive success. Large males are usually produced in colonies and have advantages in competition for mating and fertilisation. However, distinct small-sized males were produced depending on the colony conditions, particularly under queen-less conditions. Understanding the reproductive traits of small-sized males is currently limited, but it may provide insight into the developmental patterns and reproductive strategies that maximise reproductive success depending on body size and colony conditions. This study evaluated the process of sexual maturation in large- and small-sized males and the allometry between reproductive traits and body size. Changes in reproductive traits, including reproductive organs, number of spermatozoa, and sperm density, occurred earlier in small-sized males than in large-sized males after emergence. These results suggest that small males are precocious. The relatively early development of small-sized males would reflect the low developmental cost, which is likely to allow the production of many males and ensure reproductive success under circumstances in which available resources are limited. Furthermore, reproductive traits were positively correlated with body size, but allometry was different for these traits. Hence, the findings suggest that there is a given investment pattern toward reproductive traits with increasing body size, which would be responsible for high mating and fertilisation success in large males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Hayashi
- Department of Earth System Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Hiwatashi Kenta
- Department of Earth System Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tsunao Itoh
- Department of Earth System Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
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Imrit MA, Dogantzis KA, Harpur BA, Zayed A. Eusociality influences the strength of negative selection on insect genomes. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20201512. [PMID: 32811314 PMCID: PMC7482261 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.1512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While much of the focus of sociobiology concerns identifying genomic changes that influence social behaviour, we know little about the consequences of social behaviour on genome evolution. It has been hypothesized that social evolution can influence the strength of negative selection via two mechanisms. First, division of labour can influence the efficiency of negative selection in a caste-specific manner; indirect negative selection on worker traits is theoretically expected to be weaker than direct selection on queen traits. Second, increasing social complexity is expected to lead to relaxed negative selection because of its influence on effective population size. We tested these two hypotheses by estimating the strength of negative selection in honeybees, bumblebees, paper wasps, fire ants and six other insects that span the range of social complexity. We found no consistent evidence that negative selection was significantly stronger on queen-biased genes relative to worker-biased genes. However, we found strong evidence that increased social complexity reduced the efficiency of negative selection. Our study clearly illustrates how changes in behaviour can influence patterns of genome evolution by modulating the strength of natural selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A. Imrit
- Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3 J 1P3
| | - Kathleen A. Dogantzis
- Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3 J 1P3
| | - Brock A. Harpur
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, 901 W State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Amro Zayed
- Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3 J 1P3
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Gloag RS, Christie JR, Ding G, Stephens RE, Buchmann G, Oldroyd BP. Workers' sons rescue genetic diversity at the sex locus in an invasive honey bee population. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:1585-1592. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.15031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosalyn S. Gloag
- Behaviour and Genetics of Social Insects Laboratory, School of Life and Environment Sciences University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Joshua R. Christie
- Behaviour and Genetics of Social Insects Laboratory, School of Life and Environment Sciences University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Zürich Switzerland
| | - Guiling Ding
- Behaviour and Genetics of Social Insects Laboratory, School of Life and Environment Sciences University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Apicultural Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
| | - Ruby E. Stephens
- Behaviour and Genetics of Social Insects Laboratory, School of Life and Environment Sciences University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Gabriele Buchmann
- Behaviour and Genetics of Social Insects Laboratory, School of Life and Environment Sciences University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Benjamin P. Oldroyd
- Behaviour and Genetics of Social Insects Laboratory, School of Life and Environment Sciences University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
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Bolívar P, Guéguen L, Duret L, Ellegren H, Mugal CF. GC-biased gene conversion conceals the prediction of the nearly neutral theory in avian genomes. Genome Biol 2019; 20:5. [PMID: 30616647 PMCID: PMC6322265 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-018-1613-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nearly neutral theory of molecular evolution predicts that the efficacy of natural selection increases with the effective population size. This prediction has been verified by independent observations in diverse taxa, which show that life-history traits are strongly correlated with measures of the efficacy of selection, such as the dN/dS ratio. Surprisingly, avian taxa are an exception to this theory because correlations between life-history traits and dN/dS are apparently absent. Here we explore the role of GC-biased gene conversion on estimates of substitution rates as a potential driver of these unexpected observations. RESULTS We analyze the relationship between dN/dS estimated from alignments of 47 avian genomes and several proxies for effective population size. To distinguish the impact of GC-biased gene conversion from selection, we use an approach that accounts for non-stationary base composition and estimate dN/dS separately for changes affected or unaffected by GC-biased gene conversion. This analysis shows that the impact of GC-biased gene conversion on substitution rates can explain the lack of correlations between life-history traits and dN/dS. Strong correlations between life-history traits and dN/dS are recovered after accounting for GC-biased gene conversion. The correlations are robust to variation in base composition and genomic location. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that gene sequence evolution across a wide range of avian lineages meets the prediction of the nearly neutral theory, the efficacy of selection increases with effective population size. Moreover, our study illustrates that accounting for GC-biased gene conversion is important to correctly estimate the strength of selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Bolívar
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Laurent Guéguen
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Biométrie Évolutive CNRS UMR 5558, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Duret
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Biométrie Évolutive CNRS UMR 5558, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Hans Ellegren
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carina F. Mugal
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
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Settepani V, Schou MF, Greve M, Grinsted L, Bechsgaard J, Bilde T. Evolution of sociality in spiders leads to depleted genomic diversity at both population and species levels. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:4197-4210. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Settepani
- Department of Bioscience; Aarhus University; Aarhus C Denmark
| | - M. F. Schou
- Department of Bioscience; Aarhus University; Aarhus C Denmark
| | - M. Greve
- Department of Plant Science; University of Pretoria; Hatfield South Africa
| | - L. Grinsted
- School of Biological Sciences; Royal Holloway University of London; Egham UK
| | - J. Bechsgaard
- Department of Bioscience; Aarhus University; Aarhus C Denmark
| | - T. Bilde
- Department of Bioscience; Aarhus University; Aarhus C Denmark
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Wang J, Santiago E, Caballero A. Prediction and estimation of effective population size. Heredity (Edinb) 2016; 117:193-206. [PMID: 27353047 PMCID: PMC5026755 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2016.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective population size (Ne) is a key parameter in population genetics. It has important applications in evolutionary biology, conservation genetics and plant and animal breeding, because it measures the rates of genetic drift and inbreeding and affects the efficacy of systematic evolutionary forces, such as mutation, selection and migration. We review the developments in predictive equations and estimation methodologies of effective size. In the prediction part, we focus on the equations for populations with different modes of reproduction, for populations under selection for unlinked or linked loci and for the specific applications to conservation genetics. In the estimation part, we focus on methods developed for estimating the current or recent effective size from molecular marker or sequence data. We discuss some underdeveloped areas in predicting and estimating Ne for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK
| | - E Santiago
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - A Caballero
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Genética e Inmunología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
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Lattorff HMG, Popp M, Parsche S, Helbing S, Erler S. Effective population size as a driver for divergence of an antimicrobial peptide (Hymenoptaecin) in two common European bumblebee species. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Michael G. Lattorff
- Institut für Biologie; Molekulare Ökologie; Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg; Hoher Weg 4 06099 Halle (Saale) Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig; Deutscher Platz 5e; Leipzig 04103 Germany
| | - Mario Popp
- Institut für Biologie; Molekulare Ökologie; Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg; Hoher Weg 4 06099 Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Susann Parsche
- Institut für Biologie; Molekulare Ökologie; Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg; Hoher Weg 4 06099 Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Sophie Helbing
- Institut für Biologie; Molekulare Ökologie; Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg; Hoher Weg 4 06099 Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Silvio Erler
- Institut für Biologie; Molekulare Ökologie; Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg; Hoher Weg 4 06099 Halle (Saale) Germany
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Tsuchida K, Kudô K, Ishiguro N. Genetic structure of an introduced paper wasp,Polistes chinensis antennalis(Hymenoptera, Vespidae) in New Zealand. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:4018-34. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Tsuchida
- Laboratory of Insect Ecology; Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences; Gifu University; Yanagido1-1 Gifu 501-1193 Japan
- School of Biological Sciences; Faculty of Science; University of Auckland; Auckland 1072 New Zealand
| | - Kazuyuki Kudô
- Laboratory of Entomology; Faculty of Education and Human Sciences; Niigata University; Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - Norio Ishiguro
- Laboratory of Insect Ecology; Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences; Gifu University; Yanagido1-1 Gifu 501-1193 Japan
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Abstract
Eusocial Hymenoptera, such as the European honey bee, Apis mellifera, have the highest recombination rates of multicellular animals.(1) Recently, we showed(2) that a side-effect of recombination in the honey bee, GC biased gene conversion (bGC), helps maintain the unusual bimodal GC-content distribution of the bee genome by increasing GC-content in high recombination areas while low recombination areas are losing GC-content because of biased AT mutations and low rates of bGC. Although the very high recombination rate of A. mellifera makes GC-content evolution easier to study, the pattern is consistent with results found in many other species including mammals and yeast.(3) Also consistent across phyla is the association of higher genetic diversity and divergence with high GC and high recombination areas.(4) (,) (5) Finally, we showed that genes overexpressed in the brains of workers cluster in GC-rich genomic areas with the highest rates of recombination and molecular evolution.(2) In this Addendum we present a conceptual model of how eusociality and high recombination rates may co-evolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement F Kent
- Department of Biology; York University; Toronto, ON Canada
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