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Martínez-Gil H, Sánchez-Montes G, Montes-Gavilán P, Ugarte G, Martínez-Solano Í. Fine-scale functional connectivity of two syntopic pond-breeding amphibians with contrasting life-history traits: an integrative assessment of direct and indirect estimates of dispersal. CONSERV GENET 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-023-01506-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
AbstractAssessing patterns of functional connectivity among amphibian demes is crucial to unravel their population dynamics and prevent their isolation and eventual extinction. Integrative studies based on direct (capture-mark-recapture) and indirect (genetic) estimates of dispersal provide robust, biologically realistic inferences on population structure and connectivity, with applications for conservation efforts. We focused on two pond-breeding amphibians with contrasting life-history traits: the short-lived, semi-arboreal Hyla molleri and the long-lived, fossorial Pelobates cultripes. We PIT-tagged 2150 individuals of both species in two ponds (Laguna and Gravera, separated by 700 m) and monitored them from 2009 to 2021 to document the frequency and spatial extent of dispersal events. In addition, we genotyped individuals from these and two additional breeding populations at a maximum distance of 5 km with 15–16 microsatellites to characterize fine-scale patterns of genetic structure. We detected dispersal events connecting Laguna and Gravera in both species, albeit at low frequencies (4.8% and 7.7% of recaptured individuals of H. molleri and P. cultripes, respectively). However, both species were capable of covering long distances, with individual accumulated displacements up to 3.5 km (Hyla) and 1.8 km (Pelobates). Breeding populations > 2 km apart were genetically differentiated, indicating lower connectivity at this spatial scale. Estimates of pairwise migration rates differed between species and were asymmetrical, with different ponds representing “source” populations contributing more migrants to other populations in each species. We discuss the role of differences in life history traits and ecological preferences in shaping population dynamics in the two species and highlight management implications of our results.
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Across the Gobi Desert: impact of landscape features on the biogeography and phylogeographically-structured release calls of the Mongolian Toad, Strauchbufo raddei in East Asia. Evol Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-022-10206-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Niwa K, Tran DV, Nishikawa K. Differentiated historical demography and ecological niche forming present distribution and genetic structure in coexisting two salamanders (Amphibia, Urodela, Hynobiidae) in a small island, Japan. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13202. [PMID: 35505683 PMCID: PMC9057287 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The climatic oscillations in the Quaternary period considerably shaped the distribution and population genetic structure of organisms. Studies on the historical dynamics of distribution and demography not only reflect the current geographic distribution but also allow us to understand the adaption and genetic differentiation of species. However, the process and factors affecting the present distribution and genetic structure of many taxa are still poorly understood, especially for endemic organisms to small islands. Methods Here, we integrated population genetic and ecological niche modelling approaches to investigate the historical distribution and demographic dynamics of two co-existing salamanders on Tsushima Island, Japan: the true H. tsuensis (Group A), and Hynobius sp. (Group B). We also examined the hypothesis on the equivalency and similarity of niches of these groups by identity and background tests for ecological niche space. Results Our result showed that Group A is considered to have undergone a recent population expansion after the Last Glacial Maximum while it is unlikely to have occurred in Group B. The highest suitability was predicted for Group A in southern Tsushima Island, whereas the northern part of Tsushima Island was the potential distribution of Group B. The results also suggested a restricted range of both salamanders during the Last Interglacial and Last Glacial Maximum, and recent expansion in Mid-Holocene. The genetic landscape-shape interpolation analysis and historical suitable area of ecological niche modelling were consistent, and suggested refugia used during glacial ages in southern part for Group A, and in northern part of Tsushima Island for Group B. Additionally, we found evidence of nonequivalence for the ecological niche of the two groups of the salamanders, although our test could not show either niche divergence or conservatism based on the background tests. The environmental predictors affecting the potential distribution of each group also showed distinctiveness, leading to differences in selecting suitable areas. Finally, the combination of population genetics and ecological modeling has revealed the differential demographic/historical response between coexisting two salamanders on a small island.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Niwa
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan,Akita Prefectural Office, Akita, Japan
| | - Dung Van Tran
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan,Wildlife Department, Faculty of Forest Resources and Environmental Management, Vietnam National University of Forestry, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Kanto Nishikawa
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan,Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Covarrubias S, González C, Gutiérrez‐Rodríguez C. Effects of natural and anthropogenic features on functional connectivity of anurans: a review of landscape genetics studies in temperate, subtropical and tropical species. J Zool (1987) 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Covarrubias
- Instituto de Investigaciones sobre los Recursos Naturales Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo Morelia Michoacán México
| | - C. González
- Instituto de Investigaciones sobre los Recursos Naturales Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo Morelia Michoacán México
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Igawa T, Sugawara H, Honda M, Tominaga A, Oumi S, Katsuren S, Ota H, Matsui M, Sumida M. Detecting inter- and intra-island genetic diversity: population structure of the endangered crocodile newt, Echinotriton andersoni, in the Ryukyus. CONSERV GENET 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-019-01219-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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6
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Okamiya H, Kusano T. Effects of landscape features on gene flow among urban frog populations. Ecol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hisanori Okamiya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Sciences Tokyo Metropolitan University Hachioji‐shi Tokyo Japan
| | - Tamotsu Kusano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Sciences Tokyo Metropolitan University Hachioji‐shi Tokyo Japan
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Gutiérrez-Rodríguez J, Gonçalves J, Civantos E, Martínez-Solano I. Comparative landscape genetics of pond-breeding amphibians in Mediterranean temporal wetlands: The positive role of structural heterogeneity in promoting gene flow. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:5407-5420. [PMID: 28752597 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Comparative landscape genetics studies can provide key information to implement cost-effective conservation measures favouring a broad set of taxa. These studies are scarce, particularly in Mediterranean areas, which include diverse but threatened biological communities. Here, we focus on Mediterranean wetlands in central Iberia and perform a multi-level, comparative study of two endemic pond-breeding amphibians, a salamander (Pleurodeles waltl) and a toad (Pelobates cultripes). We genotyped 411 salamanders from 20 populations and 306 toads from 16 populations at 18 and 16 microsatellite loci, respectively, and identified major factors associated with population connectivity through the analysis of three sets of variables potentially affecting gene flow at increasingly finer levels of spatial resolution. Topographic, land use/cover, and remotely sensed vegetation/moisture indices were used to derive optimized resistance surfaces for the two species. We found contrasting patterns of genetic structure, with stronger, finer scale genetic differentiation in Pleurodeles waltl, and notable differences in the role of fine-scale patterns of heterogeneity in vegetation cover and water content in shaping patterns of regional genetic structure in the two species. Overall, our results suggest a positive role of structural heterogeneity in population connectivity in pond-breeding amphibians, with habitat patches of Mediterranean scrubland and open oak woodlands ("dehesas") facilitating gene flow. Our study highlights the usefulness of remotely sensed continuous variables of land cover, vegetation and water content (e.g., NDVI, NDMI) in conservation-oriented studies aimed at identifying major drivers of population connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - João Gonçalves
- Centro de Investigacão em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto, CIBIO/InBIO, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Emilio Civantos
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigacão em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto, CIBIO/InBIO, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Iñigo Martínez-Solano
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigacão em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto, CIBIO/InBIO, Vairão, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain.,Ecology, Evolution and Development Group, Department of Wetland Ecology, Doñana Biological Station, CSIC, Seville, Spain
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Franckowiak RP, Panasci M, Jarvis KJ, Acuña-Rodriguez IS, Landguth EL, Fortin MJ, Wagner HH. Model selection with multiple regression on distance matrices leads to incorrect inferences. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175194. [PMID: 28406923 PMCID: PMC5390996 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In landscape genetics, model selection procedures based on Information Theoretic and Bayesian principles have been used with multiple regression on distance matrices (MRM) to test the relationship between multiple vectors of pairwise genetic, geographic, and environmental distance. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we examined the ability of model selection criteria based on Akaike's information criterion (AIC), its small-sample correction (AICc), and the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) to reliably rank candidate models when applied with MRM while varying the sample size. The results showed a serious problem: all three criteria exhibit a systematic bias toward selecting unnecessarily complex models containing spurious random variables and erroneously suggest a high level of support for the incorrectly ranked best model. These problems effectively increased with increasing sample size. The failure of AIC, AICc, and BIC was likely driven by the inflated sample size and different sum-of-squares partitioned by MRM, and the resulting effect on delta values. Based on these findings, we strongly discourage the continued application of AIC, AICc, and BIC for model selection with MRM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P. Franckowiak
- Environmental & Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Michael Panasci
- Department of Natural Resources Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Karl J. Jarvis
- Department of Biology, Southern Utah University, Cedar City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Ian S. Acuña-Rodriguez
- Centro de Ecología Molecular y Aplicaciones Evolutivas en Agroecosistemas (CEM), Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile
| | - Erin L. Landguth
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
| | - Marie-Josée Fortin
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Helene H. Wagner
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Matsunami M, Igawa T, Michimae H, Miura T, Nishimura K. Population Structure and Evolution after Speciation of the Hokkaido Salamander (Hynobius retardatus). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156815. [PMID: 27257807 PMCID: PMC4892524 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hokkaido salamander (Hynobius retardatus) is endemic to Hokkaido Island, Japan, and shows intriguing flexible phenotypic plasticity and regional morphological diversity. However, to date, allozymes and partial mitochondria DNA sequences have provided only an outline of its demographic histories and the pattern of its genetic diversification. To understand the finer details of the population structure of this species and its evolution since speciation, we genotyped five regional populations by using 12 recently developed microsatellite polymorphic markers. We found a clear population structure with low gene flow among the five populations, but a close genetic relationship between the Teshio and Kitami populations. Our demographic analysis suggested that Teshio and Erimo had the largest effective population sizes among the five populations. These findings regarding the population structure and demography of H. retardatus improve our understanding of the faunal phylogeography on Hokkaido Island and also provide fundamental genetic information that will be useful for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Matsunami
- Laboratory of Ecological Genetics, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060–0810, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Takeshi Igawa
- Graduate School of International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739–8526, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Michimae
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Medicine (Biostatistics), Kitasato University, Tokyo, 108–8641, Japan
| | - Toru Miura
- Laboratory of Ecological Genetics, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060–0810, Japan
| | - Kinya Nishimura
- Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, 041–8611, Japan
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Chang X, Zhong D, Lo E, Fang Q, Bonizzoni M, Wang X, Lee MC, Zhou G, Zhu G, Qin Q, Chen X, Cui L, Yan G. Landscape genetic structure and evolutionary genetics of insecticide resistance gene mutations in Anopheles sinensis. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:228. [PMID: 27108406 PMCID: PMC4842280 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1513-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anopheles sinensis is one of the most abundant vectors of malaria and other diseases in Asia. Vector control through the use of insecticides is the front line control method of vector-borne diseases. Pyrethroids are the most commonly used insecticides due to their low toxicity to vertebrates and low repellency. However, the extensive use of insecticides has imposed strong selection pressure on mosquito populations for resistance. High levels of resistance to pyrethroid insecticides and various mutations and haplotypes in the para sodium channel gene that confers knockdown resistance (kdr) have been detected in An. sinensis. Despite the importance of kdr mutations in pyrethroid resistance, the evolutionary origin of the kdr mutations is unknown. This study aims to examine the evolutionary genetics of kdr mutations in relation to spatial population genetic structure of An. sinensis. Methods Adults or larvae of Anopheles sinensis were collected from various geographic locations in China. DNA was extracted from individual mosquitoes. PCR amplification and DNA sequencing of the para-type sodium channel gene were conducted to analyse kdr allele frequency distribution, kdr codon upstream and downstream intron polymorphism, population genetic diversity and kdr codon evolution. The mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase COI and COII genes were amplified and sequenced to examine population variations, genetic differentiation, spatial population structure, population expansion and gene flow patterns. Results Three non-synonymous mutations (L1014F, L1014C, and L1014S) were detected at the kdr codon L1014 of para-type sodium channel gene. A patchy distribution of kdr mutation allele frequencies from southern to central China was found. Near fixation of kdr mutation was detected in populations from central China, but no kdr mutations were found in populations from southwestern China. More than eight independent mutation events were detected in the three kdr alleles, and at least one of them evolved multiple times subsequent to their first divergence. Based on sequence analysis of the mitochondrial COI and COII genes, significant and large genetic differentiation was detected between populations from southwestern China and central China. The patchy distribution of kdr mutation frequencies is likely a consequence of geographic isolation in the mosquito populations and the long-term insecticide selection. Conclusion Our results indicate multiple origins of the kdr insecticide-resistant alleles in An. sinensis from southern and central China. Local selection related to intense and prolonged use of insecticide for agricultural purposes, as well as frequent migrations among populations are likely the explanations for the patchy distribution of kdr mutations in China. On the contrary, the lack of kdr mutations in Yunnan and Sichuan is likely a consequence of genetic isolation and absence of strong selection pressure. The present study compares the genetic patterns revealed by a functional gene with a neutral marker and demonstrates the combined impact of demographic and selection factors on population structure. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1513-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Chang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, China.,Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Daibin Zhong
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Eugenia Lo
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Qiang Fang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, China.
| | - Mariangela Bonizzoni
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Ming-Chieh Lee
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Guofa Zhou
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Guoding Zhu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, China
| | - Qian Qin
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Xiaoguang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Liwang Cui
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Guiyun Yan
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA. .,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
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Ancient, but not recent, population declines have had a genetic impact on alpine yellow-bellied toad populations, suggesting potential for complete recovery. CONSERV GENET 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-016-0818-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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McCartney-Melstad E, Shaffer HB. Amphibian molecular ecology and how it has informed conservation. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:5084-109. [PMID: 26437125 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Molecular ecology has become one of the key tools in the modern conservationist's kit. Here we review three areas where molecular ecology has been applied to amphibian conservation: genes on landscapes, within-population processes, and genes that matter. We summarize relevant analytical methods, recent important studies from the amphibian literature, and conservation implications for each section. Finally, we include five in-depth examples of how molecular ecology has been successfully applied to specific amphibian systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan McCartney-Melstad
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, La Kretz Center for California Conservation Science, and Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, 610 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - H Bradley Shaffer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, La Kretz Center for California Conservation Science, and Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, 610 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Kakehashi R, Igawa T, Sumida M. Genetic population structure and demographic history of an endangered frog, Babina holsti. CONSERV GENET 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-015-0718-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Igawa T, Nozawa M, Nagaoka M, Komaki S, Oumi S, Fujii T, Sumida M. Microsatellite marker development by multiplex ion torrent PGM sequencing: a case study of the endangered Odorrana narina complex of frogs. J Hered 2014; 106:131-7. [PMID: 25425674 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esu071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The endangered Ryukyu tip-nosed frog Odorrana narina and its related species, Odorrana amamiensis, Odorrana supranarina, and Odorrana utsunomiyaorum, belong to the family Ranidae and are endemically distributed in Okinawa (O. narina), Amami and Tokunoshima (O. amamiensis), and Ishigaki and Iriomote (O. supranarina and O. utsunomiyaorum) Islands. Because of varying distribution patterns, this species complex is an intrinsic model for speciation and adaptation. For effective conservation and molecular ecological studies, further genetic information is needed. For rapid, cost-effective development of several microsatellite markers for these and 2 other species, we used next-generation sequencing technology of Ion Torrent PGM™. Distribution patterns of repeat motifs of microsatellite loci in these modern frog species (Neobatrachia) were similarly skewed. We isolated and characterized 20 new microsatellite loci of O. narina and validated cross-amplification in the three-related species. Seventeen, 16, and 13 loci were cross-amplified in O. amamiensis, O. supranarina, and O. utsunomiyaorum, respectively, reflecting close genetic relationships between them. Mean number of alleles and expected heterozygosity of newly isolated loci varied depending on the size of each inhabited island. Our findings suggested the suitability of Ion Torrent PGM™ for microsatellite marker development. The new markers developed for the O. narina complex will be applicable in conservation genetics and molecular ecological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Igawa
- From the Institute for Amphibian Biology, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan (Igawa, Komaki, and Sumida); the Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan (Nozawa); the Department of Genetics, The Graduate University of Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan (Nozawa); the Department of Health Sciences, Hiroshima Prefectural University, Hiroshima, Japan (Nagaoka and Fujii); and the Section of Agriculture and Forest, Amami City Government, Amami, Kagoshima, Japan (Oumi). Takeshi Igawa is now at the Division of Development Science, Department of Developmental Science, Graduate School of International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan.
| | - Masafumi Nozawa
- From the Institute for Amphibian Biology, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan (Igawa, Komaki, and Sumida); the Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan (Nozawa); the Department of Genetics, The Graduate University of Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan (Nozawa); the Department of Health Sciences, Hiroshima Prefectural University, Hiroshima, Japan (Nagaoka and Fujii); and the Section of Agriculture and Forest, Amami City Government, Amami, Kagoshima, Japan (Oumi). Takeshi Igawa is now at the Division of Development Science, Department of Developmental Science, Graduate School of International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan
| | - Mai Nagaoka
- From the Institute for Amphibian Biology, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan (Igawa, Komaki, and Sumida); the Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan (Nozawa); the Department of Genetics, The Graduate University of Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan (Nozawa); the Department of Health Sciences, Hiroshima Prefectural University, Hiroshima, Japan (Nagaoka and Fujii); and the Section of Agriculture and Forest, Amami City Government, Amami, Kagoshima, Japan (Oumi). Takeshi Igawa is now at the Division of Development Science, Department of Developmental Science, Graduate School of International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan
| | - Shohei Komaki
- From the Institute for Amphibian Biology, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan (Igawa, Komaki, and Sumida); the Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan (Nozawa); the Department of Genetics, The Graduate University of Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan (Nozawa); the Department of Health Sciences, Hiroshima Prefectural University, Hiroshima, Japan (Nagaoka and Fujii); and the Section of Agriculture and Forest, Amami City Government, Amami, Kagoshima, Japan (Oumi). Takeshi Igawa is now at the Division of Development Science, Department of Developmental Science, Graduate School of International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan
| | - Shohei Oumi
- From the Institute for Amphibian Biology, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan (Igawa, Komaki, and Sumida); the Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan (Nozawa); the Department of Genetics, The Graduate University of Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan (Nozawa); the Department of Health Sciences, Hiroshima Prefectural University, Hiroshima, Japan (Nagaoka and Fujii); and the Section of Agriculture and Forest, Amami City Government, Amami, Kagoshima, Japan (Oumi). Takeshi Igawa is now at the Division of Development Science, Department of Developmental Science, Graduate School of International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Fujii
- From the Institute for Amphibian Biology, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan (Igawa, Komaki, and Sumida); the Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan (Nozawa); the Department of Genetics, The Graduate University of Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan (Nozawa); the Department of Health Sciences, Hiroshima Prefectural University, Hiroshima, Japan (Nagaoka and Fujii); and the Section of Agriculture and Forest, Amami City Government, Amami, Kagoshima, Japan (Oumi). Takeshi Igawa is now at the Division of Development Science, Department of Developmental Science, Graduate School of International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan
| | - Masayuki Sumida
- From the Institute for Amphibian Biology, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan (Igawa, Komaki, and Sumida); the Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan (Nozawa); the Department of Genetics, The Graduate University of Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan (Nozawa); the Department of Health Sciences, Hiroshima Prefectural University, Hiroshima, Japan (Nagaoka and Fujii); and the Section of Agriculture and Forest, Amami City Government, Amami, Kagoshima, Japan (Oumi). Takeshi Igawa is now at the Division of Development Science, Department of Developmental Science, Graduate School of International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan
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Xue H, Zhong M, Xu J, Xu L. Geographic distance affects dispersal of the patchy distributed greater long-tailed hamster (Tscherskia triton). PLoS One 2014; 9:e99540. [PMID: 24911266 PMCID: PMC4049827 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersal is a fundamental process in ecology influencing the genetic structure and the viability of populations. Understanding how variable factors influence the dispersal of the population is becoming an important question in animal ecology. To date, geographic distance and geographic barriers are often considered as main factors impacting dispersal, but their effects are variable depending on different conditions. In general, geographic barriers affect more significantly than geographic distance on dispersal. In rapidly expanding populations, however, geographic barriers have less effect on dispersal than geographic distance. The effects of both geographic distance and geographic barriers in low-density populations with patchy distributions are poorly understood. By using a panel of 10 microsatellite loci we investigated the genetic structure of three patchy-distributed populations of the Greater long-tailed hamster (Tscherskia triton) from Raoyang, Guan and Shunyi counties of the North China Plain. The results showed that (i) high genetic diversity and differentiation exist in three geographic populations with patchy distributions; (ii) gene flow occurs among these three populations with physical barriers of Beijing city and Hutuo River, which potentially restricted the dispersal of the animal; (iii) the gene flow is negatively correlated with the geographic distance, while the genetic distance shows the positive correlation. Our results suggest that the effect of the physical barriers is conditional-dependent, including barrier capacity or individual potentially dispersal ability. Geographic distance also acts as an important factor affecting dispersal for the patchy distributed geographic populations. So, gene flow is effective, even at relatively long distances, in balancing the effect of geographic barrier in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiliang Xue
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China
| | - Min Zhong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jinhui Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China
| | - Laixiang Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China
- * E-mail:
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An Attempt at Captive Breeding of the Endangered Newt Echinotriton andersoni, from the Central Ryukyus in Japan. Animals (Basel) 2013; 3:680-92. [PMID: 26479528 PMCID: PMC4494449 DOI: 10.3390/ani3030680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary We naturally bred the endangered Anderson’s crocodile newt (Echinotriton andersoni) and tested a laboratory farming technique using near-biotopic breeding cages with several male and female pairs collected from Okinawa, Amami, and Tokunoshima Islands. This is the first published report of successfully propagating an endangered species by using breeding cages in a laboratory setting for captive breeding. Our findings on the natural breeding and raising of larvae and adults are useful in breeding this endangered species, and can be applied to the preservation of other similarly wild and endangered species. Abstract Anderson’s crocodile newt (Echinotriton andersoni) is distributed in the Central Ryukyu Islands of southern Japan, but environmental degradation and illegal collection over the last several decades have devastated the local populations. It has therefore been listed as a class B1 endangered species in the IUCN Red List, indicating that it is at high risk of extinction in the wild. The species is also protected by law in both Okinawa and Kagoshima prefectures. An artificial insemination technique using hormonal injections could not be applied to the breeding of this species in the laboratory. In this study we naturally bred the species, and tested a laboratory farming technique using several male and female E. andersoni pairs collected from Okinawa, Amami, and Tokunoshima Islands and subsequently maintained in near-biotopic breeding cages. Among 378 eggs derived from 17 females, 319 (84.4%) became normal tailbud embryos, 274 (72.5%) hatched normally, 213 (56.3%) metamorphosed normally, and 141 (37.3%) became normal two-month-old newts; in addition, 77 one- to three-year-old Tokunoshima newts and 32 Amami larvae are currently still growing normally. Over the last five breeding seasons, eggs were laid in-cage on slopes near the waterfront. Larvae were raised in nets maintained in a temperature-controlled water bath at 20 °C and fed live Tubifex. Metamorphosed newts were transferred to plastic containers containing wet sponges kept in a temperature-controlled incubator at 22.5 °C and fed a cricket diet to promote healthy growth. This is the first published report of successfully propagating an endangered species by using breeding cages in a laboratory setting for captive breeding. Our findings on the natural breeding and raising of larvae and adults are useful in breeding this endangered species and can be applied to the preservation of other similarly wild and endangered species such as E. chinhaiensis.
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