1
|
Ivimey-Cook E, Bricout S, Candela V, Maklakov AA, Berg EC. Inbreeding reduces fitness of seed beetles under thermal stress. J Evol Biol 2021; 34:1386-1396. [PMID: 34233049 PMCID: PMC9291971 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human‐induced environmental change can influence populations both at the global level through climatic warming and at the local level through habitat fragmentation. As populations become more isolated, they can suffer from high levels of inbreeding, which contributes to a reduction in fitness, termed inbreeding depression. However, it is still unclear if this increase in homozygosity also results in a corresponding increase in sensitivity to stressful conditions, which could intensify the already detrimental effects of environmental warming. Here, in a fully factorial design, we assessed the life‐long impact of increased inbreeding load and elevated temperature on key life history traits in the seed beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus. We found that beetles raised at higher temperatures had far reduced fitness and survival than beetles from control temperatures. Importantly, these negative effects were exacerbated in inbred beetles as a result of increased inbreeding load, with further detrimental effects manifesting on individual eclosion probability and lifetime reproductive success. These results reveal the harmful impact that increasing temperature and likelihood of habitat fragmentation due to anthropogenetic changes in environmental conditions could have on populations of organisms worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward Ivimey-Cook
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Sophie Bricout
- Department of Computer Science, Mathematics, and Environmental Science, The American University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Victoria Candela
- Department of Computer Science, Mathematics, and Environmental Science, The American University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alexei A Maklakov
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Elena C Berg
- Department of Computer Science, Mathematics, and Environmental Science, The American University of Paris, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Van Etten ML, Soble A, Baucom RS. Variable inbreeding depression may explain associations between the mating system and herbicide resistance in the common morning glory. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:5422-5437. [PMID: 33604956 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inbreeding depression is a central parameter underlying mating system variation in nature and one that can be altered by environmental stress. Although a variety of systems show that inbreeding depression tends to increase under stressful conditions, we have very little understanding across most organisms how the level of inbreeding depression may change as a result of adaptation to stressors. In this work we examined the potential that inbreeding depression varied among lineages of Ipomoea purpurea artificially evolved to exhibit divergent levels of herbicide resistance. We examined inbreeding depression in a variety of fitness-related traits in both the growth chamber and in the field, and paired this work with an examination of gene expression changes. We found that, while inbreeding depression was present across many of the traits, lineages artificially selected for increased herbicide resistance often showed no evidence of inbreeding depression in the presence of herbicide, and in fact, showed evidence of outbreeding depression in some traits compared to nonselected control lines and lineages selected for increased herbicide susceptibility. Further, at the transcriptome level, the resistant selection lines had differing patterns of gene expression according to breeding type (inbred vs. outcrossed) compared to the control and susceptible selection lines. Our data together indicate that inbreeding depression may be lessened in populations that are adapting to regimes of strong selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Van Etten
- Biology Department, Pennsylvania State University, Dunmore, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anah Soble
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Regina S Baucom
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Puig Giribets M, Santos M, García Guerreiro MP. Basal hsp70 expression levels do not explain adaptive variation of the warm- and cold-climate O 3 + 4 + 7 and O ST gene arrangements of Drosophila subobscura. BMC Evol Biol 2020; 20:17. [PMID: 32005133 PMCID: PMC6995229 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-020-1584-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Drosophila subobscura exhibits a rich inversion polymorphism, with some adaptive inversions showing repeatable spatiotemporal patterns in frequencies related to temperature. Previous studies reported increased basal HSP70 protein levels in homokaryotypic strains for a warm-climate arrangement compared to a cold-climate one. These findings do not match the similar hsp70 genomic organization between arrangements, where gene expression levels are expected to be similar. In order to test this hypothesis and understand the molecular basis for hsp70 expression, we compared basal hsp70 mRNA levels in males and females, and analysed the 5′ and 3′ regulatory regions of hsp70 genes in warm- and cold-climate isochromosomal O3 + 4 + 7 and OST lines of D. subobscura. Results We observed comparable mRNA levels between the two arrangements and a sex-biased hsp70 gene expression. The number of heat-shock elements (HSEs) and GAGA sites on the promoters were identical amongst the OST and O3 + 4 + 7 lines analysed. This is also true for 3′ AU-rich elements where most A and B copies of hsp70 have, respectively, two and one element in both arrangements. Beyond the regulatory elements, the only notable difference between both arrangements is the presence in 3′ UTR of a 14 bp additional fragment after the stop codon in the hsp70A copy in five O3 + 4 + 7 lines, which was not found in any of the six OST lines. Conclusions The equivalent hsp70 mRNA amounts in OST and O3 + 4 + 7 arrangements provide the first evidence of a parallelism between gene expression and genetic organization in D. subobscura lines having these arrangements. This is reinforced by the lack of important differential features in the number and structure of regulatory elements between both arrangements, despite the genetic differentiation observed when the complete 5′ and 3′ regulatory regions were considered. Therefore, the basal levels of hsp70 mRNA cannot account, in principle, for the adaptive variation of the two arrangements studied. Consequently, further studies are necessary to understand the intricate molecular mechanisms of hsp70 gene regulation in D. subobscura.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Puig Giribets
- Grup de Genòmica, Bioinformàtica i Biologia Evolutiva (GGBE), Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mauro Santos
- Grup de Genòmica, Bioinformàtica i Biologia Evolutiva (GGBE), Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Pilar García Guerreiro
- Grup de Genòmica, Bioinformàtica i Biologia Evolutiva (GGBE), Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fitzpatrick SW, Reid BN. Does gene flow aggravate or alleviate maladaptation to environmental stress in small populations? Evol Appl 2019; 12:1402-1416. [PMID: 31417623 PMCID: PMC6691220 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental change can expose populations to unfamiliar stressors, and maladaptive responses to those stressors may result in population declines or extirpation. Although gene flow is classically viewed as a cause of maladaptation, small and isolated populations experiencing high levels of drift and little gene flow may be constrained in their evolutionary response to environmental change. We provide a case study using the model Trinidadian guppy system that illustrates the importance of considering gene flow and genetic drift when predicting (mal)adaptive response to acute stress. We compared population genomic patterns and acute stress responses of inbred guppy populations from headwater streams either with or without a recent history of gene flow from a more diverse mainstem population. Compared to "no-gene flow" analogues, we found that populations with recent gene flow showed higher genomic variation and increased stress tolerance-but only when exposed to a stress familiar to the mainstem population (heat shock). All headwater populations showed similar responses to a familiar stress in headwater environments (starvation) regardless of gene flow history, whereas exposure to an entirely unfamiliar stress (copper sulfate) showed population-level variation unrelated to environment or recent evolutionary history. Our results suggest that (mal)adaptive responses to acutely stressful environments are determined in part by recent evolutionary history and in part by previous exposure. In some cases, gene flow may provide the variation needed to persist, and eventually adapt, in the face of novel stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah W. Fitzpatrick
- W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Department of Integrative BiologyMichigan State UniversityHickory CornersMichigan
| | - Brendan N. Reid
- W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Department of Integrative BiologyMichigan State UniversityHickory CornersMichigan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Franke K, Karl I, Centeno TP, Feldmeyer B, Lassek C, Oostra V, Riedel K, Stanke M, Wheat CW, Fischer K. Effects of adult temperature on gene expression in a butterfly: identifying pathways associated with thermal acclimation. BMC Evol Biol 2019; 19:32. [PMID: 30674272 PMCID: PMC6345059 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-019-1362-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phenotypic plasticity is a pervasive property of all organisms and considered to be of key importance for dealing with environmental variation. Plastic responses to temperature, which is one of the most important ecological factors, have received much attention over recent decades. A recurrent pattern of temperature-induced adaptive plasticity includes increased heat tolerance after exposure to warmer temperatures and increased cold tolerance after exposure to cooler temperatures. However, the mechanisms underlying these plastic responses are hitherto not well understood. Therefore, we here investigate effects of adult acclimation on gene expression in the tropical butterfly Bicyclus anynana, using an RNAseq approach. RESULTS We show that several antioxidant markers (e.g. peroxidase, cytochrome P450) were up-regulated at a higher temperature compared with a lower adult temperature, which might play an important role in the acclamatory responses subsequently providing increased heat tolerance. Furthermore, several metabolic pathways were up-regulated at the higher temperature, likely reflecting increased metabolic rates. In contrast, we found no evidence for a decisive role of the heat shock response. CONCLUSIONS Although the important role of antioxidant defence mechanisms in alleviating detrimental effects of oxidative stress is firmly established, we speculate that its potentially important role in mediating heat tolerance and survival under stress has been underestimated thus far and thus deserves more attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Franke
- Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, D-17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Isabell Karl
- Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, D-17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tonatiuh Pena Centeno
- Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Greifswald, D-17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Barbara Feldmeyer
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Molecular Ecology Group, D-60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christian Lassek
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Greifswald, D-17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Vicencio Oostra
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, WC1E 6BT, London, UK
| | - Katharina Riedel
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Greifswald, D-17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mario Stanke
- Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Greifswald, D-17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Klaus Fischer
- Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, D-17489, Greifswald, Germany. .,Present address: Institute for Integrated Natural Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Universitätsstraße 1, D-56070, Koblenz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Esperk T, Kjaersgaard A, Walters RJ, Berger D, Blanckenhorn WU. Plastic and evolutionary responses to heat stress in a temperate dung fly: negative correlation between basal and induced heat tolerance? J Evol Biol 2016; 29:900-15. [PMID: 26801318 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Extreme weather events such as heat waves are becoming more frequent and intense. Populations can cope with elevated heat stress by evolving higher basal heat tolerance (evolutionary response) and/or stronger induced heat tolerance (plastic response). However, there is ongoing debate about whether basal and induced heat tolerance are negatively correlated and whether adaptive potential in heat tolerance is sufficient under ongoing climate warming. To evaluate the evolutionary potential of basal and induced heat tolerance, we performed experimental evolution on a temperate source population of the dung fly Sepsis punctum. Offspring of flies adapted to three thermal selection regimes (Hot, Cold and Reference) were subjected to acute heat stress after having been exposed to either a hot-acclimation or non-acclimation pretreatment. As different traits may respond differently to temperature stress, several physiological and life history traits were assessed. Condition dependence of the response was evaluated by exposing juveniles to different levels of developmental (food restriction/rearing density) stress. Heat knockdown times were highest, whereas acclimation effects were lowest in the Hot selection regime, indicating a negative association between basal and induced heat tolerance. However, survival, adult longevity, fecundity and fertility did not show such a pattern. Acclimation had positive effects in heat-shocked flies, but in the absence of heat stress hot-acclimated flies had reduced life spans relative to non-acclimated ones, thereby revealing a potential cost of acclimation. Moreover, body size positively affected heat tolerance and unstressed individuals were less prone to heat stress than stressed flies, offering support for energetic costs associated with heat tolerance. Overall, our results indicate that heat tolerance of temperate insects can evolve under rising temperatures, but this response could be limited by a negative relationship between basal and induced thermotolerance, and may involve some but not other fitness-related traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Esperk
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Kjaersgaard
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R J Walters
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - D Berger
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - W U Blanckenhorn
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kvist J, Mattila ALK, Somervuo P, Ahola V, Koskinen P, Paulin L, Salmela L, Fountain T, Rastas P, Ruokolainen A, Taipale M, Holm L, Auvinen P, Lehtonen R, Frilander MJ, Hanski I. Flight-induced changes in gene expression in the Glanville fritillary butterfly. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:4886-900. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jouni Kvist
- Institute of Biotechnology; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 9) Helsinki Finland
| | - Anniina L. K. Mattila
- Department of Biosciences; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1) Helsinki FI-00014 Finland
| | - Panu Somervuo
- Institute of Biotechnology; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 9) Helsinki Finland
- Department of Biosciences; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1) Helsinki FI-00014 Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 4) Helsinki Finland
| | - Virpi Ahola
- Department of Biosciences; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1) Helsinki FI-00014 Finland
| | - Patrik Koskinen
- Institute of Biotechnology; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 9) Helsinki Finland
- Department of Biosciences; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1) Helsinki FI-00014 Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 4) Helsinki Finland
| | - Lars Paulin
- Institute of Biotechnology; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 4) Helsinki Finland
| | - Leena Salmela
- Department of Computer Science and Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 68 (Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2b) Helsinki Finland
| | - Toby Fountain
- Department of Biosciences; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1) Helsinki FI-00014 Finland
| | - Pasi Rastas
- Department of Biosciences; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1) Helsinki FI-00014 Finland
| | - Annukka Ruokolainen
- Department of Biosciences; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1) Helsinki FI-00014 Finland
| | - Minna Taipale
- Science for Life Laboratory; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition; Karolinska Institutet (Hälsovägen 7); SE-14157 Huddinge Sweden
| | - Liisa Holm
- Department of Biosciences; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1) Helsinki FI-00014 Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 4) Helsinki Finland
| | - Petri Auvinen
- Institute of Biotechnology; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 4) Helsinki Finland
| | - Rainer Lehtonen
- Department of Biosciences; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1) Helsinki FI-00014 Finland
| | - Mikko J. Frilander
- Institute of Biotechnology; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 9) Helsinki Finland
| | - Ilkka Hanski
- Department of Biosciences; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1) Helsinki FI-00014 Finland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fischer K, Karl I, Heuskin S, Janowitz S, Dötterl S. Kin Recognition and Inbreeding Avoidance in a Butterfly. Ethology 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Fischer
- Zoological Institute & Museum; Greifswald University; Greifswald Germany
| | - Isabell Karl
- Zoological Institute & Museum; Greifswald University; Greifswald Germany
| | - Stéphanie Heuskin
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry; Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech; University of Liège; Gembloux Belgium
| | - Susann Janowitz
- Zoological Institute & Museum; Greifswald University; Greifswald Germany
| | - Stefan Dötterl
- Department of Ecology and Evolution; Salzburg University; Salzburg Austria
| |
Collapse
|