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Murgo E, Colangelo T, Bellet MM, Malatesta F, Mazzoccoli G. Role of the Circadian Gas-Responsive Hemeprotein NPAS2 in Physiology and Pathology. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1354. [PMID: 37887064 PMCID: PMC10603908 DOI: 10.3390/biology12101354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal PAS domain protein 2 (NPAS2) is a hemeprotein comprising a basic helix-loop-helix domain (bHLH) and two heme-binding sites, the PAS-A and PAS-B domains. This protein acts as a pyridine nucleotide-dependent and gas-responsive CO-dependent transcription factor and is encoded by a gene whose expression fluctuates with circadian rhythmicity. NPAS2 is a core cog of the molecular clockwork and plays a regulatory role on metabolic pathways, is important for the function of the central nervous system in mammals, and is involved in carcinogenesis as well as in normal biological functions and processes, such as cardiovascular function and wound healing. We reviewed the scientific literature addressing the various facets of NPAS2 and framing this gene/protein in several and very different research and clinical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Murgo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy;
| | - Tommaso Colangelo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto 1, 71100 Foggia, Italy;
- Cancer Cell Signaling Unit, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Maria Marina Bellet
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, P.le L. Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Francesco Malatesta
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “Alessandro Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy;
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Beer MA, Kane RA, Micheletti SJ, Kozakiewicz CP, Storfer A. Landscape genomics of the streamside salamander: Implications for species management in the face of environmental change. Evol Appl 2021; 15:220-236. [PMID: 35233244 PMCID: PMC8867708 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding spatial patterns of genetic differentiation and local adaptation is critical in a period of rapid environmental change. Climate change and anthropogenic development have led to population declines and shifting geographic distributions in numerous species. The streamside salamander, Ambystoma barbouri, is an endemic amphibian with a small geographic range that predominantly inhabits small, ephemeral streams. As A. barbouri is listed as near‐threatened by the IUCN, we describe range‐wide patterns of genetic differentiation and adaptation to assess the species’ potential to respond to environmental change. We use outlier scans and genetic‐environment association analyses to identify genomic variation putatively underlying local adaptation across the species’ geographic range. We find evidence for adaptation with a polygenic architecture and a set of candidate SNPs that identify genes putatively contributing to local adaptation. Our results build on earlier work that suggests that some A. barbouri populations are locally adapted despite evidence for asymmetric gene flow between the range core and periphery. Taken together, the body of work describing the evolutionary genetics of range limits in A. barbouri suggests that the species may be unlikely to respond naturally to environmental challenges through a range shift or in situ adaptation. We suggest that management efforts such as assisted migration may be necessary in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A. Beer
- School of Biological Sciences Washington State University Pullman WA 99164 USA
| | - Rachael A. Kane
- School of Biological Sciences Washington State University Pullman WA 99164 USA
| | | | - Christopher P. Kozakiewicz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
| | - Andrew Storfer
- School of Biological Sciences Washington State University Pullman WA 99164 USA
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Jia JL, Chen S, Sivarajah V, Stephens D, Cortez MA. Latitudinal differences on the global epidemiology of infantile spasms: systematic review and meta-analysis. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2018; 13:216. [PMID: 30486850 PMCID: PMC6262963 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-018-0952-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infantile spasms represent the catastrophic, age-specific seizure type associated with acute and long-term neurological morbidity. However, due to rarity and heterogenous determination, there is persistent uncertainty of its pathophysiological and epidemiological characteristics. The purpose of the current study was to address a historically suspected latitudinal basis of infantile spasms incidence, and to interrogate a geographical basis of epidemiology, including the roles of latitude and other environmental factors, using meta-analytic and -regression methods. METHODS A systematic search was performed in Ovid MEDLINE and Embase for primary reports on infantile spasms incidence and prevalence epidemiology. RESULTS One thousand fifteen studies were screened to yield 54 eligible publications, from which 39 incidence figures and 18 prevalence figures were extracted. The pooled incidence was 0.249 cases/1000 live births. The pooled prevalence was 0.015 cases/1000 population. Univariate meta-regression determined a continental effect, with Europe demonstrating the highest onset compared from Asia (OR = 0.51, p = 0.004) and from North America (OR = 0.50, p = 0.004). Latitude was also positively correlated with incidence globally (OR = 1.02, p < 0.001). Sub-analyses determined a particularly elevated Scandinavian incidence compared to the rest of world (OR = 1.88, p < 0.001), and lack of latitudinal effect with Scandinavian exclusion (p = 0.10). Metrics of healthcare quality did not predict incidence. Multiple meta-regression determined that latitude was the key predictor of incidence (OR = 1.02, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This is the first systematic epidemiological study of infantile spasms. Limitations included lack of Southern hemispheric representation, insufficient study selection and size to support some sub-continental analyses, and lack of accessible ethnic and healthcare quality data. Meta-analyses determined a novel, true geographical difference in incidence which is consistent with a latitudinal and/or ethnic contribution to epileptogenesis. These findings justify the establishment of a global registry of infantile spasms epidemiology to promote future systematic studies, clarify risk factors, and expand understanding of the pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason L. Jia
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, 190 Elizabeth Street R. Fraser Elliott Wing, Toronto, M5G 2C4 Canada
| | - Shiyi Chen
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences Research Program, SickKids Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Vishalini Sivarajah
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, 190 Elizabeth Street R. Fraser Elliott Wing, Toronto, M5G 2C4 Canada
| | - Derek Stephens
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences Research Program, SickKids Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Miguel A. Cortez
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Neurosciences & Mental Health Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, SickKids Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
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Henriques D, Wallberg A, Chávez-Galarza J, Johnston JS, Webster MT, Pinto MA. Whole genome SNP-associated signatures of local adaptation in honeybees of the Iberian Peninsula. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11145. [PMID: 30042407 PMCID: PMC6057950 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29469-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of powerful high-throughput genomic tools, combined with genome scans, has helped identifying genes and genetic changes responsible for environmental adaptation in many organisms, including the honeybee. Here, we resequenced 87 whole genomes of the honeybee native to Iberia and used conceptually different selection methods (Samβada, LFMM, PCAdapt, iHs) together with in sillico protein modelling to search for selection footprints along environmental gradients. We found 670 outlier SNPs, most of which associated with precipitation, longitude and latitude. Over 88.7% SNPs laid outside exons and there was a significant enrichment in regions adjacent to exons and UTRs. Enrichment was also detected in exonic regions. Furthermore, in silico protein modelling suggests that several non-synonymous SNPs are likely direct targets of selection, as they lead to amino acid replacements in functionally important sites of proteins. We identified genomic signatures of local adaptation in 140 genes, many of which are putatively implicated in fitness-related functions such as reproduction, immunity, olfaction, lipid biosynthesis and circadian clock. Our genome scan suggests that local adaptation in the Iberian honeybee involves variations in regions that might alter patterns of gene expression and in protein-coding genes, which are promising candidates to underpin adaptive change in the honeybee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Henriques
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Sta. Apolónia, 5300-253, Bragança, Portugal
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Andreas Wallberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE -751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Julio Chávez-Galarza
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Sta. Apolónia, 5300-253, Bragança, Portugal
- Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), Av. La Molina 1981, La Molina, Lima, Peru
| | - J Spencer Johnston
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2475, USA
| | - Matthew T Webster
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE -751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Alice Pinto
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Sta. Apolónia, 5300-253, Bragança, Portugal.
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Schuch JB, Genro JP, Bastos CR, Ghisleni G, Tovo-Rodrigues L. The role of CLOCK gene in psychiatric disorders: Evidence from human and animal research. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2018; 177:181-198. [PMID: 28902457 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock system drives daily rhythms in physiology, metabolism, and behavior in mammals. Molecular mechanisms of this system consist of multiple clock genes, with Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput (CLOCK) as a core member that plays an important role in a wide range of behaviors. Alterations in the CLOCK gene are associated with common psychiatric disorders as well as with circadian disturbances comorbidities. This review addresses animal, molecular, and genetic studies evaluating the role of the CLOCK gene on many psychiatric conditions, namely autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorder, and substance use disorder. Many animal experiments focusing on the effects of the Clock gene in behavior related to psychiatric conditions have shown consistent biological plausibility and promising findings. In humans, genetic and gene expression studies regarding disorder susceptibility, sleep disturbances related comorbidities, and response to pharmacological treatment, in general, are in agreement with animal studies. However, the number of controversial results is high. Literature suggests that the CLOCK gene exerts important influence on these conditions, and influences the susceptibility to phenotypes of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline B Schuch
- Laboratory of Immunosenescence, Graduate Program in Biomedical Gerontology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Julia P Genro
- Graduate Program in Bioscience, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Clarissa R Bastos
- Laboratory of Clinical Neuroscience, Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gabriele Ghisleni
- Laboratory of Clinical Neuroscience, Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luciana Tovo-Rodrigues
- Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Putilov AA, Dorokhov VB, Poluektov MG. How have our clocks evolved? Adaptive and demographic history of the out-of-African dispersal told by polymorphic loci in circadian genes. Chronobiol Int 2017; 35:511-532. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2017.1417314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arcady A. Putilov
- Research Group for Math-Modeling of Biomedical Systems, the Research Institute for Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir B. Dorokhov
- Laboratory of Sleep/Wake Neurobiology, The Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Michael G. Poluektov
- Department of Nervous Diseases, Institute of Professional Education, I.M. Sechenov 1-st Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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