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Kumar A, Han Y, Oatts JT. Genetic changes and testing associated with childhood glaucoma: A systematic review. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298883. [PMID: 38386645 PMCID: PMC10883561 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Many forms of childhood glaucoma have been associated with underlying genetic changes, and variants in many genes have been described. Currently, testing is variable as there are no widely accepted guidelines for testing. This systematic review aimed to summarize the literature describing genetic changes and testing practices in childhood glaucoma. This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines and registered with Prospero (ID CRD42023400467). A comprehensive review of Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane databases was performed from inception through March 2, 2023 using the search terms: (glaucoma) AND (pediatric OR childhood OR congenital OR child OR infant OR infantile) AND (gene OR genetic OR genotype OR locus OR genomic OR mutation OR variant OR test OR screen OR panel). Information was extracted regarding genetic variants including genotype-phenotype correlation. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Of 1,916 records screened, 196 studies met inclusion criteria and 53 genes were discussed. Among study populations, mean age±SD at glaucoma diagnosis was 8.94±9.54 years and 50.4% were male. The most common gene discussed was CYP1B1, evaluated in 109 (55.6%) studies. CYP1B1 variants were associated with region and population-specific prevalence ranging from 5% to 86% among those with primary congenital glaucoma. MYOC variants were discussed in 31 (15.8%) studies with prevalence up to 36% among patients with juvenile open angle glaucoma. FOXC1 variants were discussed in 25 (12.8%) studies, which demonstrated phenotypic severity dependent on degree of gene expression and type of mutation. Overall risk of bias was low; the most common domains of bias were selection and comparability. Numerous genes and genetic changes have been associated with childhood glaucoma. Understanding the most common genes as well as potential genotype-phenotype correlation has the potential to improve diagnostic and prognostic outcomes for children with glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Kumar
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Julius T. Oatts
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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Pikuleva IA. Challenges and Opportunities in P450 Research on the Eye. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:1295-1307. [PMID: 36914277 PMCID: PMC10506698 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.122.001072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Of the 57 cytochrome P450 enzymes found in humans, at least 30 have ocular tissues as an expression site. Yet knowledge of the roles of these P450s in the eye is limited, in part because only very few P450 laboratories expanded their research interests to studies of the eye. Hence the goal of this review is to bring attention of the P450 community to the eye and encourage more ocular studies. This review is also intended to be educational for eye researchers and encourage their collaborations with P450 experts. The review starts with a description of the eye, a fascinating sensory organ, and is followed by sections on ocular P450 localizations, specifics of drug delivery to the eye, and individual P450s, which are grouped and presented based on their substrate preferences. In sections describing individual P450s, available eye-relevant information is summarized and concluded by the suggestions on the opportunities in ocular studies of the discussed enzymes. Potential challenges are addressed as well. The conclusion section outlines several practical suggestions on how to initiate eye-related research. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This review focuses on the cytochrome P450 enzymes in the eye to encourage their ocular investigations and collaborations between P450 and eye researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina A Pikuleva
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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Shen R, Li VSW, Wong MOM, Chan PPM. Pediatric Glaucoma-From Screening, Early Detection to Management. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10020181. [PMID: 36832310 PMCID: PMC9954748 DOI: 10.3390/children10020181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric glaucoma (PG) covers a rare and heterogeneous group of diseases with variable causes and presentations. Delayed diagnosis of PG could lead to blindness, bringing emotional and psychological burdens to patients' caregivers. Recent genetic studies identified novel causative genes, which may provide new insight into the etiology of PG. More effective screening strategies could be beneficial for timely diagnosis and treatment. New findings on clinical characteristics and the latest examination instruments have provided additional evidence for diagnosing PG. In addition to IOP-lowering therapy, managing concomitant amblyopia and other associated ocular pathologies is essential to achieve a better visual outcome. Surgical treatment is usually required although medication is often used before surgery. These include angle surgeries, filtering surgeries, minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries, cyclophotocoagulation, and deep sclerectomy. Several advanced surgical therapies have been developed to increase success rates and decrease postoperative complications. Here, we review the classification and diagnosis, etiology, screening, clinical characteristics, examinations, and management of PG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyue Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Venice S. W. Li
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mandy O. M. Wong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Poemen P. M. Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Lam Kin Chung. Jet King-Shing Ho Glaucoma Treatment and Research Centre, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +852-3943-5807
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Next-generation whole exome sequencing to delineate the genetic basis of primary congenital glaucoma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17218. [PMID: 36241656 PMCID: PMC9568502 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20939-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To delineate the genetic bases of primary congenital glaucoma (PCG), we ascertained a large cohort consisting of 48 consanguineous families. Of these, we previously reported 26 families with mutations in CYP1B1 and six families with LTBP2, whereas the genetic bases responsible for PCG in 16 families remained elusive. We employed next-generation whole exome sequencing to delineate the genetic basis of PCG in four of these 16 familial cases. Exclusion of linkage to reported PCG loci was established followed by next-generation whole exome sequencing, which was performed on 10 affected individuals manifesting cardinal systems of PCG belonging to four unresolved families along with four control samples consisting of genomic DNAs of individuals harboring mutations in CYP1B1 and LTBP2. The analyses of sequencing datasets failed to identify potential causal alleles in the 10 exomes whereas c.1169G > A (p. Arg390His) in CYP1B1 and c.3427delC (p.Gln1143Argfs*35) in LTBP2 were identified in the control samples. Taken together, next-generation whole exome sequencing failed to delineate the genetic basis of PCG in familial cases excluded from mutations in CYP1B1 and LTBP2. These data strengthen the notion that compound heterozygous coding variants or non-coding variants might contribute to PCG.
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Tehreem R, Arooj A, Siddiqui SN, Naz S, Afshan K, Firasat S. Mutation screening of the CYP1B1 gene reveals thirteen novel disease-causing variants in consanguineous Pakistani families causing primary congenital glaucoma. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274335. [PMID: 36083974 PMCID: PMC9462810 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) is a heterogeneous rare recessively inherited disorder prevalent in regions with high consanguinity. Disease phenotype is associated with increased intra ocular pressure and is a major cause of childhood blindness. Sequence variations in Cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) gene are a major cause of PCG. Current study was conducted to screen CYP1B1 gene in highly consanguineous PCG affected families from Pakistani population consistent with the autosomal recessive pattern of PCG inheritance. Methods For this study, patients and controls (clinically unaffected individuals of each family) from 25 consanguineous families belonging to Punjab, Baluchistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan were recruited through ophthalmologists. DNA was isolated from collected blood samples. Genetic screening of CYP1B1 gene was done for all enrolled families. In-silico analysis was performed to identify and predict the potential disease-causing variations. Results Pathogenicity screening revealed sequence variants segregating with disease phenotype in homozygous or compound heterozygous form in eleven out of 25 analyzed families. We identified a total of sixteen disease causing variants among which five frameshift i.e., c.629dup (p.Gly211Argfs*13), c.287dup (p.Leu97Alafs*127), c.662dup (p.Arg222Profs*2), c.758_759insA (p.Val254Glyfs*73) and c.789dup (p.Leu264Alafs*63), two silent c.1314G>A, c.771T>G and six missense variations c.457C>G (p.Arg153Gly), c.516C>A (p.Ser172Arg), c.722T>A (p.Val241Glu), c.740T>A (p.Leu247Gln), c.1263T>A (p.Phe421Leu), and c.724G>C (p.Asp242His) are previously un reported. However two frameshift c.868dup (p.Arg290Profs*37), c.247del (p.Asp83Thrfs*12) and one missense variant c.732G>A (p.Met244Ile), is previously reported. Furthermore, six polymorphisms c.1347T>C, c.2244_2245insT, c.355G>T, c.1294G>C, c.1358A>G and c.142C>G were also identified. In the intronic region, a novel silent polymorphism i.e., g.35710_35711insT was found in homozygous state. All the newly detected disease-causing variants were negative in 96 ethnically matched controls. Conclusion Among twenty-five screened families, eight families (PCG50, 52–54, 58, 59, 63 and 67) were segregating disease causing variants in recessive manner. Two families (PCG049 and PCG062) had compound heterozygosity. Our data confirms genetic heterogeneity of PCG in Pakistani population however we did not find molecular variants segregating with PCG in fifteen families in coding exons and intron-exon boundaries of CYP1B1 gene. Genetic counseling was provided to families to refrain from practicing consanguinity and perform premarital screening as a PCG control measure in upcoming generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raeesa Tehreem
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Anam Arooj
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sorath Noorani Siddiqui
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Shagufta Naz
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Kiran Afshan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sabika Firasat
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- * E-mail:
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Kaushik S, Choudhary S, Kaur A, Srivastava P, Pokharel B, Akella M, Pandav SS. Neonatal-Onset Congenital Ectropion Uveae May Be Caused by a Distinct CYP1B1 Pathologic Variant. Am J Ophthalmol 2022; 239:54-65. [PMID: 35085548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2022.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report underlying genetic variants of recently described distinct phenotype of newborn glaucoma: neonatal-onset congenital ectropion uveae (NO-CEU). DESIGN Prospective cohort study. METHODS Setting: tertiary care teaching institute. SUBJECTS Thirteen children with clinical diagnosis of NO-CEU who had completed 1-year follow-up after glaucoma surgery and had undergone clinical exome sequencing (CES) by selective capture and sequencing of the protein-coding regions of the genes including 19 candidate genes for NO-CEU were assessed. The same criteria were applied for evaluating pathogenicity of variants to all the candidate genes. OUTCOME MEASURES primary-genetic variants found on CES keeping in view the clinical indication of congenital glaucoma; secondary-corneal clarity and intraocular pressure (IOP) at baseline and 1-year follow-up, interventions required to control IOP, and postoperative visual acuity. The genetic variants were correlated with the outcome. RESULTS All 13 patients diagnosed with NO-CEU had onset of glaucoma at birth and severe bilateral disease. Twelve of 13 (92.3%) patients harbored CYP1B1 variants. Nine of these 12 patients (83.3%) were homozygous for [c.1169G>A(p.Arg390His)] in exon-3 of CYP1B, with 5 common homozygous single-nucleotide polymorphisms flanking the pathogenic variant. They had intractable glaucoma and required multiple surgeries. Six patients had persistent corneal opacities, necessitating optical iridectomies. Three patients were compound heterozygous for CYP1B1 variants, showing [c.1169G>A(p.Arg390His)] along with [c.1103G>A(p.Arg368His)], [c.1103G>A (p.Arg368His)] along with [c.1403_1429dup(p.Arg468_Ser476dup)], and [(c.1063C>T(p.Arg355Ter)] along with [c.1325del(p.Pro442GlnfsTer15)]. These patients had better visual outcomes. CONCLUSIONS NO-CEU appears to be a phenotypic marker for specific CYP1B1 genotypes, one of which is [c.1169G>A(p.Arg390His)] in our study population. Phenotype recognition is helpful to characterize the underlying genetic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushmita Kaushik
- From the Advanced Eye Center and Advanced Pediatric Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Sandeep Choudhary
- From the Advanced Eye Center and Advanced Pediatric Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anupriya Kaur
- From the Advanced Eye Center and Advanced Pediatric Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Priyanka Srivastava
- From the Advanced Eye Center and Advanced Pediatric Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Bikrant Pokharel
- From the Advanced Eye Center and Advanced Pediatric Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Madhuri Akella
- From the Advanced Eye Center and Advanced Pediatric Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Surinder Singh Pandav
- From the Advanced Eye Center and Advanced Pediatric Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Mir R, Elfaki I, Jha CK, Javid J, Babakr AT, Banu S, Mir MM, Jamwal D, Khullar N, Alzahrani KJ, Chahal SMS. Biological and clinical implications of TNF-α promoter and CYP1B1 gene variations in Coronary Artery Disease susceptibility. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2021; 21:266-277. [PMID: 34939556 DOI: 10.2174/1871529x22666211221151830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are important causes of death worldwide. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder. It is the major cause of CVD and is manifested by ischemic heart disease or coronary artery disease (CAD). TNF-α is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that regulates immune response and promotes the development of atherosclerosis. Cytochrome p450 1B1 (CYP1B1) is an enzyme involved in the metabolism of endogenous and exogenous substrates. OBJECTIVES This study aimed at examining the association of TNF-α rs1800629 G >A and CYP1B1 rs1056827 G>T gene polymorphisms with CAD susceptibility in an Indian cohort. METHODS AS-PCR and direct DNA sequencing were used to examine the association of TNF-α rs1800629 G >A and CYP1B1 rs1056827 G>T gene polymorphism with CAD in an Indian cohort. A total of 100 clinically confirmed cases of CAD and 110 matched apparently healthy controls were genotyped. RESULTS Allelic and genotypic frequencies did not deviate from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the controls (p>0.05) for TNF-α G-308A and CYP1B1 rs1056827G>A. There was no significant difference between the TNF-α rs1800629 A>G genotype distribution between cases and controls (P-value >0.05). A significant difference was observed between the CYP1B1 rs1056827 G>T genotype distribution between CAD cases and controls (P<0.0003). Our result indicated that in the codominant model, the GA genotype of the CYP1B1 rs1056827 G>T was associated with CAD with OR= 2.21(1.17 to 4.15), RR=1.38(1.07 to 1.78), and P<0.013. In the dominant model, the (GA+AA) genotype was associated with CAD with OR=2.79(1.54 to 5.05) and P<0.007. The CYP1B1 rs1056827 'A' allele was associated with CAD with OR = 2.30 (1.55 to 3.42) and P< 0.0001. Our results indicated that TNF-α 1800629 gene polymorphism was strongly associated with hypercholesteremia (P<0.0009), HDL (P<0.0001), TGL (P<0.039), hypertension (P<0.0001), and smoking (P<0.0001) in patients with Coronary Artery Disease. Similar correlations of CYP1B1 rs1056827 genotypes were reported with cholesterol (P<0.020), HDL (P<0.002), LDL (P<0.006), hypertension (P<0.03), and smoking (P<0.005). CONCLUSION It was reported that the GA genotype of the CYP1B1 rs1056827 G>T was strongly associated with susceptibility to Coronary Artery Disease with OR= 2.21(1.17 to 4.15)) and P<0.013, and similarly, its A allele was associated with predisposition to CAD with OR = 2.30(1.55 to 3.42) and P< 0.0001. Our results indicated that TNF-α 1800629 gene polymorphism is not associated with predisposition to Coronary Artery Disease. Nevertheless, these results should be taken with caution and further validated with larger-scale studies before being introduced in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashid Mir
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, Prince Fahd Bin Sultan Research Chair, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk. Saudi Arabia
| | - Imadeldin Elfaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk. Saudi Arabia
| | - Chandan K Jha
- Department of Human Genetics Punjabi University, Punjab, India; 4Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah. Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamsheed Javid
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, Prince Fahd Bin Sultan Research Chair, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk. Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullatif Taha Babakr
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah. Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaheena Banu
- Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Science and Research, Bangalore. India
| | - Mohammad Muzaffar Mir
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Bisha. Saudi Arabia
| | - Dheeraj Jamwal
- Department of Human Genetics Punjabi University, Punjab. India
| | - Naina Khullar
- Department of Zoology, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib - 140407. India
| | - Khalid J Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Taif. Saudi Arabia
| | - S M S Chahal
- Department of Human Genetics Punjabi University, Punjab. India
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Rauf B, Irum B, Khan SY, Kabir F, Naeem MA, Riazuddin S, Ayyagari R, Riazuddin SA. Novel mutations in LTBP2 identified in familial cases of primary congenital glaucoma. Mol Vis 2020; 26:14-25. [PMID: 32165823 PMCID: PMC7043638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder caused by developmental defects in the anterior chamber and trabecular meshwork. This disease is an important cause of childhood blindness. In this study, we aim to identify the genetic determinants of PCG in three consanguineous families of Pakistani descent. Methods Affected members of all three families underwent detailed ophthalmological examination including slit-lamp biomicroscopy. Blood samples were collected from affected and healthy members of all three families, and genomic DNA was extracted. Linkage analysis was performed for the known or reported loci of PCG to localize the disease interval, and logarithm of odds (LOD) scores were calculated. All protein-coding exons of the candidate gene, latent transforming growth factor-beta binding protein 2 (LTBP2), were bidirectionally sequenced to identify the disease-causing mutation. Results Short tandem repeat (STR) marker-based linkage analysis localized the critical interval to chromosome 14q with a maximum two-point LOD score of 2.86 (PKGL076), 2.8 (PKGL015), and 2.92 (PKGL042). Bidirectional Sanger sequencing of LTBP2 revealed three novel pathogenic variants, i.e., c.3028G>A (p.Asp1010Asn), c.3427delC (p.Gln1143Argfs*35), and c.5270G>A (p.Cys1757Tyr) in PKGL076, PKGL015, and PKGL042, respectively. All three mutations segregated with the disease phenotype in their respective families and were absent in 200 ethnically matched normal chromosomes. Conclusions We identified three novel mutations, p.D1010N, p.Q1143Rfs*35, and p.C1757Y, in LTBP2 responsible for PCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Rauf
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Irum
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Y. Khan
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Firoz Kabir
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Muhammad Asif Naeem
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sheikh Riazuddin
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Allama Iqbal Medical College, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Radha Ayyagari
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - S. Amer Riazuddin
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Jubair S, N Al-Rubae'i SH, M Al-Sharifi AN, Jabbar Suleiman AA. Investigation of CYP1B1 Gene Involvement in Primary Congenital Glaucoma in Iraqi Children. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol 2020; 26:203-209. [PMID: 32153331 PMCID: PMC7034157 DOI: 10.4103/meajo.meajo_116_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) is a severe type of glaucoma that occurs early in life. PCG is usually inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. Cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily B, polypeptide 1 (CYP1B1) gene is reported to be PCG-related gene. It codes for the CYP1B1 enzyme which is considered as phase I xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme and its function is related to the eye oxidative homeostasis and correspondingly to the normal development of the eye. This is the first genetic study in Iraq that investigates the CYP1B1 polymorphisms behind the PCG disease. METHODS Genomic DNA was extracted from the whole blood of 100 unrelated Iraqi PCG patients and 100 healthy children, all of them were aged between 1 month and 3 years. All the coding sequence of CYP1B1 gene was amplified using polymerase chain reaction; restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to follow G61E and E229K mutations. Direct sequencing was performed to screen for other mutations. RESULTS CYP1B1 mutations were identified in 78 (78%) of the patients. We detected a total of eight mutations: Four missense mutations (c.182G>A, c.685G>A, g.6813G>A, and g.6705G>A), one silence mutation (D449D) and three insertions (g.10068ins10069, g.10138ins10139, and g.10191ins10192). Five mutations (g.6813G>A, g.6705G>A, g.10068ins10069, g.10138ins10139, and g.10191ins10192) are novel. G61E is the only mutation that was detected in patients merely. CONCLUSIONS CYP1B1 mutation (G61E) is considered as PCG-related allele in the Iraqi population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Jubair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq
| | - Salwa H N Al-Rubae'i
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali N M Al-Sharifi
- Department of Glaucoma, Ibn Al-Haitham Teaching Eye Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq
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Afzal R, Firasat S, Kaul H, Ahmed B, Siddiqui SN, Zafar SN, Shahzadi M, Afshan K. Mutational analysis of the CYP1B1 gene in Pakistani primary congenital glaucoma patients: Identification of four known and a novel causative variant at the 3' splice acceptor site of intron 2. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2019; 59:152-161. [PMID: 30270463 DOI: 10.1111/cga.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) causes blindness in early age. It has an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance, hence is more prevalent in populations with frequent consanguineous marriages that occur in the Pakistani population. Mutations in the CYP1B1 gene are commonly associated with PCG. The aim of the present study was to identify genetic mutations in the CYP1B1 gene in PCG cases belonging to 38 Pakistani families. DNA was extracted using blood samples collected from all enrolled patients, their available unaffected family members and controls. Direct sequencing of the CYP1B1 gene revealed a novel 3' splice acceptor site causative variant segregating in an autosomal recessive manner in a large consanguineous family with four PCG-affected individuals. The novel variant was not detected in 93 ethnically matched controls. Furthermore, four already reported mutations, including p.G61E, p.R355X, p.R368H, and p.R390H were also detected in patients belonging to nine different families. All identified causative variants were evaluated by computational programs, that is, SIFT, PolyPhen-2, and MutationTaster. Pathogenicity of the novel splice site variant identified in this study was analyzed by Human Splicing Finder and MaxEntScan. Ten out of 38 families with PCG had the disease due to CYP1B1 mutations, suggesting CYP1B1 was contributing to PCG in these Pakistani patients. Identification of this novel 3' splice acceptor site variant in intron 2 is the first report for the CYP1B1 gene contributing to genetic heterogeneity of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Afzal
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sabika Firasat
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Haiba Kaul
- Genetics Division, Department of Livestock Production, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pattoki, Pakistan
| | - Bashir Ahmed
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sorath N Siddiqui
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Saemah N Zafar
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Misbah Shahzadi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Kiran Afshan
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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11
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Shah BR, Xu W, Mraz J. Cytochrome P450 1B1: role in health and disease and effect of nutrition on its expression. RSC Adv 2019; 9:21050-21062. [PMID: 35515562 PMCID: PMC9065998 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03674a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the available literature stating CYP1B1 to provide the readers with a comprehensive understanding of its role in different diseases, as well as the importance of nutrition in their control in terms of the influence of different nutrients on its expression. CYP1B1, a member of the cytochrome P450 enzyme family is expressed in different human tissues and is known to contribute to different life alarming pathologies. Particularly, till now much attention has been paid to its involvement in the development of primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) and cancer. However, recently there are some reports highlighting CYP1B1 as a potential regulator in energy homeostasis and adipogenesis thus promoting obesity and hypertension as well. Therefore, seeking out effective strategies to modulate the expression of CYP1B1 is a challenging task. In this context, nutrients based strategies will be the best choice as they are mostly harmless and are easily available in one's diet. In conclusion, this article will be helpful in providing a base for further research that is needed to identify the role of CYP1B1 in progression of different diseases, hypertension and obesity in particular, and then to present the effectiveness, mechanisms, and biologic plausibility of nutrients against its expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bakht Ramin Shah
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters Na Sádkách 1780 370 05 České Budějovice Czech Republic +420 775022640
| | - Wei Xu
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University Xinyang 464000 People's Republic of China
| | - Jan Mraz
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters Na Sádkách 1780 370 05 České Budějovice Czech Republic +420 775022640
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12
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Song N, Leng L, Yang XJ, Zhang YQ, Tang C, Chen WS, Zhu W, Yang X. Compound heterozygous mutations in CYP1B1 gene leads to severe primary congenital glaucoma phenotype. Int J Ophthalmol 2019; 12:909-914. [PMID: 31236345 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2019.06.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To identify the novel mutation alleles in the CYP1B1 gene of primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) patients at Shandong Province of China, and investigate their correlation with glaucomatous features. METHODS The DNA from the peripheral blood of 13 congenital glaucoma patients and 50 ethnically matched healthy controls from the affiliated hospital of Qingdao University were extracted. The coding region of the CYP1B1 gene was amplified by PCR and direct DNA sequencing was performed. Disease causing-variants were analyzed by comparing the sequences and the structures of wild type and mutant CYP1B1 proteins by PyMOL software. RESULTS Two missense mutations, including A330F caused by c.988G>T&c.989C>T, and R390H caused by c.1169G>A, were identified in one of the 13 PCG patients analyzed in our study. A330F mutation was observed to be novel in the Chinese Han population, which dramatically altered the protein structure of CYP1B1 gene, including the changes in the ligand-binding pocket. Furthermore, R390H mutation caused the changes in heme-protein binding site of this gene. In addition, the clinical phenotype displayed by PCG patient with these mutations was more pronounced than other PCG patients without these mutations. Multiple surgeries and combined drug treatment were not effective in reducing the elevated intraocular pressure in this patient. CONCLUSION A novel A330F mutation is identified in the CYP1B1 gene of Chinese PCG patient. Moreover, in combination with other mutation R390H, this PCG patient shows significant difference in the CYP1B1 protein structure, which may specifically contribute to severe glaucomatous phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lin Leng
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xue-Jiao Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yu-Qing Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chun Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wen-Shi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xian Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
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13
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Rashid M, Yousaf S, Sheikh SA, Sajid Z, Shabbir AS, Kausar T, Tariq N, Usman M, Shaikh RS, Ali M, Bukhari SA, Waryah AM, Qasim M, Riazuddin S, Ahmed ZM. Identities and frequencies of variants in CYP1B1 causing primary congenital glaucoma in Pakistan. Mol Vis 2019; 25:144-154. [PMID: 30820150 PMCID: PMC6386514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disease. The present study was undertaken to find the genetic causes of PCG segregating in 36 large consanguineous Pakistani families. Methods Ophthalmic examination including fundoscopy, or slit-lamp microscopy was performed to clinically characterize the PCG phenotype. Genomic nucleotide sequences of the CYP1B1 and LTBP2 genes were analyzed with either Sanger or whole exome sequencing. In silico prediction programs were used to assess the pathogenicity of identified alleles. ClustalW alignments were performed to determine evolutionary conservation, and three-dimensional (3D) modeling was performed using HOPE and Phyre2 software. Results Among the known loci, mutations in CYP1B1 and LTBP2 are the common causes of PCG. Therefore, we analyzed the genomic nucleotide sequences of CYP1B1 and LTBP2, and detected probable pathogenic variants cosegregating with PCG in 14 families. These included the three novel (c.542T>A, c.1436A>G, and c.1325delC) and five known (c.868dupC, c.1168C>T, c.1169G>A, c.1209InsTCATGCCACC, and c.1310C>T) variants in CYP1B1. Two of the novel variants are missense substitutions [p.(Leu181Gln), p.(Gln479Arg)], which replaced evolutionary conserved amino acids, and are predicted to be pathogenic by various in silico programs, while the third variant (c.1325delC) is predicted to cause reading frameshift and premature truncation of the protein. A single mutation, p.(Arg390His), causes PCG in six (~43%) of the 14 CYP1B1 mutations harboring families, and thus, is the most common variant in this cohort. Surprisingly, we did not find any LTBP2 pathogenic variants in the families, which further supports the genetic heterogeneity of PCG in the Pakistani population. Conclusions In conclusion, results of the present study enhance our understanding of the genetic basis of PCG, support the notion of a genetic modifier of CYP1B1, and contribute to the development of genetic testing protocols and genetic counseling for PCG in Pakistani families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rashid
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD,Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sairah Yousaf
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Shakeel A. Sheikh
- Molecular Biology & Genetics Department, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Zureesha Sajid
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD,Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Asra S. Shabbir
- University College of Pharmacy, Punjab University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tasleem Kausar
- Zoology Department, Government Sadiq College Women University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Nabeela Tariq
- Zoology Department, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women University, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rehan S. Shaikh
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shazia A. Bukhari
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali M. Waryah
- Molecular Biology & Genetics Department, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Saima Riazuddin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Zubair M. Ahmed
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
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Waryah YM, Iqbal M, Sheikh SA, Baig MA, Narsani AK, Atif M, Bhinder MA, Ur Rahman A, Memon AI, Pirzado MS, Waryah AM. Two novel variants in CYP1B1 gene: a major contributor of autosomal recessive primary congenital glaucoma with allelic heterogeneity in Pakistani patients. Int J Ophthalmol 2019; 12:8-15. [PMID: 30662834 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2019.01.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To find the CYP1B1 mutations associated with primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) in Pakistani consanguineous pedigrees. METHODS After getting informed consent, 11 consanguineous pedigrees belonging to different ethnic groups were enrolled. Detailed medical history was recorded and pedigrees were drawn. The standard ophthalmological examination was done to characterize the phenotype. Genomic DNA was extracted from 10 mL whole blood and coding exons and exon intron boundaries of CYP1B1 gene were directly sequenced. Bioinformatics tools were used to model the mutant protein and predict the effect of novel variants on protein structure and function. RESULTS Sequencing analysis revealed 5 different CYP1B1 variants in 7 families (7/11; 64%), including two novel variants. A common mutation, p.R390H was found in four families, whereas p.P437L was found once in a family. Two novel variants, a homozygous non sense variant p.L13* and a compound heterozygous variant, p.P350T along with p.V364M were segregating with PCG in two families. All the patients had the variable onset and severity of the disease. The success rate of early clinical interventions was observed dependent on mutation types and position. Two different haplotypes were associated with frequently found mutation, p.R390H. CONCLUSION Identification of novel CYP1B1 variants reassert the genetic heterogeneity of Pakistani PCG patients. The patients with missense mutations show severe phenotypic presentations and poor vision after surgical interventions as compare to patients with null variants. This may help to better understand the role of CYP1B1 mutations in the development of PCG and its course of pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yar Muhammad Waryah
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Sindh 76090, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Department of Biochemistry, Islamia University, Bahawalpur, Punjab 63100, Pakistan
| | - Shakeel Ahmed Sheikh
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Sindh 76090, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Azhar Baig
- Department of Biochemistry, Islamia University, Bahawalpur, Punjab 63100, Pakistan
| | - Ashok Kumar Narsani
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro, Sindh 76090, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Atif
- Department of Biochemistry, Islamia University, Bahawalpur, Punjab 63100, Pakistan
| | - Munir Ahmad Bhinder
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Punjab 54000, Pakistan
| | - Attiq Ur Rahman
- Center of Excellence in Marine Biology, University of Karachi, Karachi District 75270, Pakistan
| | - Azam Iqbal Memon
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Sindh 76090, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Suleman Pirzado
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Sindh 76090, Pakistan
| | - Ali Muhammad Waryah
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Sindh 76090, Pakistan
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Lewis CJ, Hedberg-Buenz A, DeLuca AP, Stone EM, Alward WL, Fingert JH. Primary congenital and developmental glaucomas. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:R28-R36. [PMID: 28549150 PMCID: PMC5886473 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Although most glaucoma patients are elderly, congenital glaucoma and glaucomas of childhood are also important causes of visual disability. Primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) is isolated, non-syndromic glaucoma that occurs in the first three years of life and is a major cause of childhood blindness. Other early-onset glaucomas may arise secondary to developmental abnormalities, such as glaucomas that occur with aniridia or as part of Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome. Congenital and childhood glaucomas have strong genetic bases and disease-causing mutations have been discovered in several genes. Mutations in three genes (CYP1B1, LTBP2, TEK) have been reported in PCG patients. Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome is caused by mutations in PITX2 or FOXC1 and aniridia is caused by PAX6 mutations. This review discusses the roles of these genes in primary congenital glaucoma and glaucomas of childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly J. Lewis
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Stephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, 3111B Medical Education and Research Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Adam Hedberg-Buenz
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Stephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, 3111B Medical Education and Research Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Adam P. DeLuca
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Stephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, 3111B Medical Education and Research Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Edwin M. Stone
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Stephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, 3111B Medical Education and Research Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Wallace L.M. Alward
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Stephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, 3111B Medical Education and Research Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - John H. Fingert
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Stephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, 3111B Medical Education and Research Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Firasat S, Kaul H, Ashfaq UA, Idrees S. In silico analysis of five missense mutations in CYP1B1 gene in Pakistani families affected with primary congenital glaucoma. Int Ophthalmol 2017; 38:807-814. [PMID: 28386709 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-017-0508-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to characterize the five missense mutations in CYP1B1 gene identified in Pakistani families affected with primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) using various bioinformatics and protein modeling tools. METHODS We previously reported four novel missense mutations in CYP1B1 gene segregating in consanguineous Pakistani families. These mutations were identified by direct sequencing of all coding exons, the exon-intron boundaries and the 5' untranslated region of CYP1B1 using genomic DNA from affected and unaffected family members. In order to understand the effect of CYP1B1 mutations on protein structure and function, we used bioinformatics tools to investigate five mutations including four novels (W434R, D374E, L487P and L177R) and one known (E229K) mutation previously reported by our group in four Pakistani PCG-affected families. RESULTS In silico analysis of the missense mutations using the computational algorithms SNAP, I-Mutant 2.0 IUPred, PrDOS and PASTA predicted pathogenic effects on stability and function of protein. CONCLUSION In silico analysis of identified mutations confirmed their molecular pathogenicity. Similar analysis will be helpful in understanding of the biological role of CYP1B1 and the effect of mutations on the regulatory and enzymatic functions of CYP1B1 that result in PCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabika Firasat
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Haiba Kaul
- Genetics Division, Department of Livestock Production, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Ravi Campus, Pattoki, Pakistan.
| | - Usman Ali Ashfaq
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Idrees
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.,School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, Australia
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