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Morning surge in sympathetic nervous activity in the indoor environment during the cold winter season. Hypertens Res 2023; 46:231-235. [PMID: 36224284 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-022-01020-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We addressed to the sympathetic nervous activation of the same people in both their houses and a highly insulated and airtight model house (model house) during the cold winter season. Eight subjects (4 males and 4 females) stayed two nights at each house and were continuously monitored for sympathetic nerve system by calculating LF (low frequency)/HF (high frequency) in the analysis of heart rate variability using a wearable electrocardiography equipment. The room temperatures were kept constant at 20 °C or more in model house, but much lower in their houses. In all subjects, the sleeping duration is longer in model house compared with that in the participants' houses. Four subjects showed a morning surge in sympathetic activity that were more intense at their houses. This morning surge in sympathetic activity in a residential setting suggests the importance of the indoor environment in the management of early morning hypertension.
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Kuo TBJ, Hong CH, Hsieh IT, Lee GS, Yang CCH. Effects of cold exposure on autonomic changes during the last rapid eye movement sleep transition and morning blood pressure surge in humans. Sleep Med 2014; 15:986-97. [PMID: 25011661 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2014.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various studies have linked the occurrence of cardiovascular events and low ambient temperatures as well as the morning blood pressure surge (MBPS). We hypothesized that low ambient temperatures produce a higher sympathetic change during the last rapid eye movement (REM) sleep transition and that this may play an important role in cold-related cardiovascular events. METHODS All experiments were carried out on 12 healthy male adults, aged 24.00±0.74 years, who participated in two experimental conditions randomly (>1 day apart): warm (23 °C) and cold (16°C). Blood pressure (BP) was measured every 30 min for 24 h by autonomic ambulatory BP monitoring. The electroencephalograms, electrocardiograms, ambient temperature, near-body temperature, and physical activity were recorded by miniature polysomnography for 24 h. RESULTS The cold conditions resulted in: (i) higher MBPS than under warm conditions; (ii) significant and greater sympathetic index changes during the sleep-wake transition than during cover-to-uncover and supine-to-sit position tests; (iii) the non-REM-REM transition-related sympathetic elevation during the cold conditions being significantly higher in late sleep period than in early sleep period; (iv) at 1h prior to morning awakening, the value of total power of heart rate variability changes being significantly negatively correlated with the changes of near-body temperature; and (v) significantly higher arousal index and shorter average interval of REM periods than in warm conditions. CONCLUSION Cold exposure elevates the amplitude of MBPS and is associated with late sleep stage transition sympathetic activation, which might have important implications for cold-related cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry B J Kuo
- Sleep Research Center, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Brain Science, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biophotonics, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cian-Hui Hong
- Sleep Research Center, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Brain Science, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Te Hsieh
- Sleep Research Center, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Brain Science, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biophotonics, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Guo-She Lee
- Institute of Brain Science, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheryl C H Yang
- Sleep Research Center, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Brain Science, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Modesti PA, Bamoshmoosh M, Rapi S, Massetti L, Al-Hidabi D, Al Goshae H. Epidemiology of hypertension in Yemen: effects of urbanization and geographical area. Hypertens Res 2013; 36:711-7. [PMID: 23486167 PMCID: PMC3734526 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2013.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although globalization can contribute to increased blood pressure by spreading unhealthy behaviors, it also provides powerful means to tackle hypertension. The dissemination of information about and advice on cardiovascular prevention and facilitated contact with health services are valuable resources. To investigate the effects of urbanization, geographical area, and air temperature on hypertension burden and kidney damage, a survey was performed in 2008 with a door-to-door approach among urban and rural adult dwellers of three geographic areas (capital, inland, coast) of Yemen. Subjects (n=10 242) received two visits several days apart to confirm the diagnosis of hypertension. Proteinuria (dipstick test ⩾+1) was used as a marker of kidney damage. Prevalence rates were weighted to represent the Yemen population aged 15–69 years in 2008. Rates of hypertension and proteinuria progressively increased from the capital (6.4% 95% confidence level (CI) 5.8–7.0 and 5.1% 4.4–5.9, respectively), to inland areas (7.9% 7.0–8.7 and 6.1% 5.1–7.1), to the coastal area (10.1% 8.9–11.4 and 8.9% 7.3–10.4). When compared with urban dwellers, rural dwellers had similar hypertension prevalence (adjusted odds ratios (ORs) 1.03; 95% CI 0.91–1.17) but higher proteinuria rates (adjusted ORs 1.55; 1.31–1.85). Overall, home temperature was associated with a lower hypertension rate (adjusted OR 0.98; 0.96–0.99). This large population study reveals that the highest burden of hypertension and kidney damage is detectable in remote areas of the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Amedeo Modesti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi (AOUC), Florence, Italy.
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