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Onor IO, Hill LM, Famodimu MM, Coleman MR, Huynh CH, Beyl RA, Payne CJ, Johnston EK, Okogbaa JI, Gillard CJ, Sarpong DF, Borghol A, Okpechi SC, Norbert I, Sanne SE, Guillory SG. Association of Serum Magnesium with Blood Pressure in Patients with Hypertensive Crises: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:4213. [PMID: 34959763 PMCID: PMC8709166 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of magnesium in blood pressure has been studied among hypertensive patients; however, there is a dearth of studies exploring the role of magnesium in hypertensive crises. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between serum magnesium and blood pressure in patients with hypertensive crises. This was a single-center, retrospective, chart review, cross-sectional study of patients with hypertensive crises. Patients were included if they were eighteen years of age or older, with an international classification disease ninth revision (ICD-9) code of 401.9 (hypertensive crises: emergency or urgency) and a documented magnesium level on their electronic medical record. The primary outcome of the study was the correlation between serum magnesium and blood pressure (systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure) in patients with hypertensive crises. Two hundred and ninety-three patients were included in the study. The primary outcome result showed that serum magnesium was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure (r = 0.143, p = 0.014), but not diastolic blood pressure. Conclusion: This study found a significant positive association between magnesium and systolic blood pressure, but not diastolic blood pressure, among patients with hypertensive crises. This positive association of serum magnesium with systolic blood pressure was maintained after adjusting for covariates. This study's findings suggest a potential role of magnesium in blood pressure among patients with hypertensive crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- IfeanyiChukwu O. Onor
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (L.M.H.); (M.M.F.); (M.R.C.); (C.H.H.); (C.J.P.); (E.K.J.); (J.I.O.); (C.J.G.); (D.F.S.); (A.B.); (I.N.)
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, 1542 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (S.E.S.); (S.G.G.)
- Department of Pharmacy, University Medical Center New Orleans, 2000 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Lashira M. Hill
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (L.M.H.); (M.M.F.); (M.R.C.); (C.H.H.); (C.J.P.); (E.K.J.); (J.I.O.); (C.J.G.); (D.F.S.); (A.B.); (I.N.)
| | - Modupe M. Famodimu
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (L.M.H.); (M.M.F.); (M.R.C.); (C.H.H.); (C.J.P.); (E.K.J.); (J.I.O.); (C.J.G.); (D.F.S.); (A.B.); (I.N.)
| | - Mallory R. Coleman
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (L.M.H.); (M.M.F.); (M.R.C.); (C.H.H.); (C.J.P.); (E.K.J.); (J.I.O.); (C.J.G.); (D.F.S.); (A.B.); (I.N.)
| | - Carolkim H. Huynh
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (L.M.H.); (M.M.F.); (M.R.C.); (C.H.H.); (C.J.P.); (E.K.J.); (J.I.O.); (C.J.G.); (D.F.S.); (A.B.); (I.N.)
| | - Robbie A. Beyl
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA;
| | - Casey J. Payne
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (L.M.H.); (M.M.F.); (M.R.C.); (C.H.H.); (C.J.P.); (E.K.J.); (J.I.O.); (C.J.G.); (D.F.S.); (A.B.); (I.N.)
| | - Emily K. Johnston
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (L.M.H.); (M.M.F.); (M.R.C.); (C.H.H.); (C.J.P.); (E.K.J.); (J.I.O.); (C.J.G.); (D.F.S.); (A.B.); (I.N.)
| | - John I. Okogbaa
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (L.M.H.); (M.M.F.); (M.R.C.); (C.H.H.); (C.J.P.); (E.K.J.); (J.I.O.); (C.J.G.); (D.F.S.); (A.B.); (I.N.)
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, 1542 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (S.E.S.); (S.G.G.)
| | - Christopher J. Gillard
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (L.M.H.); (M.M.F.); (M.R.C.); (C.H.H.); (C.J.P.); (E.K.J.); (J.I.O.); (C.J.G.); (D.F.S.); (A.B.); (I.N.)
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, 1542 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (S.E.S.); (S.G.G.)
- Department of Pharmacy, University Medical Center New Orleans, 2000 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Daniel F. Sarpong
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (L.M.H.); (M.M.F.); (M.R.C.); (C.H.H.); (C.J.P.); (E.K.J.); (J.I.O.); (C.J.G.); (D.F.S.); (A.B.); (I.N.)
- Center for Minority Health and Health Disparities Research and Education, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
| | - Amne Borghol
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (L.M.H.); (M.M.F.); (M.R.C.); (C.H.H.); (C.J.P.); (E.K.J.); (J.I.O.); (C.J.G.); (D.F.S.); (A.B.); (I.N.)
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, 1542 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (S.E.S.); (S.G.G.)
- Department of Pharmacy, University Medical Center New Orleans, 2000 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Samuel C. Okpechi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine and Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Ifeyinwa Norbert
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (L.M.H.); (M.M.F.); (M.R.C.); (C.H.H.); (C.J.P.); (E.K.J.); (J.I.O.); (C.J.G.); (D.F.S.); (A.B.); (I.N.)
| | - Shane E. Sanne
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, 1542 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (S.E.S.); (S.G.G.)
| | - Shane G. Guillory
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, 1542 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (S.E.S.); (S.G.G.)
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2
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Onor IO, Duchane RM, Payne CJ, Lambert HN, Mitchner DM, Beyl RA, Nguyen AT, Bilbe SE, White AA, Johnson MW, Faciane AI, Kouagou E, Hymel SA, Wates BM, Sanders AD, Vo PCB, Bates JD, Spooner RJ, Gillard CJ, Okogbaa JI, Sarpong DF, Hadgu RM, Okpechi SC, Onor GI, Okoronkwo MC, Naljayan MV, Guillory SG, Sanne SE. Evaluation of serum calcium differences in hypertensive crises and control patients: A randomly matched case-control study. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2021; 23:1767-1775. [PMID: 34291559 PMCID: PMC8635273 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The role of calcium in blood pressure has been widely studied among hypertensive patients; however, no study has explored the role of calcium in hypertensive crises. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the differences in serum calcium levels between hypertensive crises patients and a 1:1 random matched controls (age‐, sex‐, race‐, diabetes, and body mass index matched). This study is a single‐center, retrospective, chart review, case‐control study of patients with hypertensive crises (case group) and patients without hypertensive crises (control group). Patients were included in the case group if they were 18 years of age or older with hypertensive crises and have a documented calcium level. The control group patients were required to be 18 years of age or older, have a documented calcium level, and have no diagnosis of hypertensive crises. The primary outcome of the study was to compare the mean serum calcium in patients with hypertensive crises vs patients without hypertensive crises. Five hundred and sixty‐six patients were included in the study: 283 patients in both the case group and control group. The primary outcome results showed that serum calcium concentration was not significantly different between the case group (8.99 ± 0.78 mg/dL) and control group (8.96 ± 0.75 mg/dL) (P = .606). This study found no significant difference in serum calcium levels in patients with hypertensive crises compared to a random matched control group. Larger observational or experimental studies may be useful to evaluate the effect of calcium on blood pressure in hypertensive crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- IfeanyiChukwu O Onor
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Pharmacy, University Medical Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Rose M Duchane
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Casey J Payne
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Hannah Naquin Lambert
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - DeMaurian M Mitchner
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Pharmacy, University Medical Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Robbie A Beyl
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Anh T Nguyen
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Sarah E Bilbe
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Andrea Arriaga White
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Mariah W Johnson
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Amber I Faciane
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Emmanuel Kouagou
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Stephanie A Hymel
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Bria M Wates
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Asia D Sanders
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Phillip C B Vo
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jordan D Bates
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Raven J Spooner
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Christopher J Gillard
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Pharmacy, University Medical Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - John I Okogbaa
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Daniel F Sarpong
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Center for Minority Health and Health Disparities Research and Education, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Rim M Hadgu
- Midwestern University College of Pharmacy - Glendale, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Samuel C Okpechi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Gabriel I Onor
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Michael C Okoronkwo
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Mihran V Naljayan
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Shane G Guillory
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Shane E Sanne
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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3
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Onor IO, Johnston EK, Little NG, Hill LM, Lawal OE, Payne CJ, Coleman MR, Huynh CH, Bilbe SE, Ayyad AA, Jones KJ, Kinnard JD, Dastoori R, Rolland DK, Miller AS, Beyl RA, Gillard CJ, Okogbaa JI, Sarpong DF, Hadgu RM, Borghol A, Okpechi SC, Naljayan MV, Sanne SE, Guillory SG. Evaluation of serum magnesium differences in hypertensive crises and control patients: A randomly matched case-control study. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2021; 23:1229-1238. [PMID: 33963802 PMCID: PMC8169553 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Although the role of magnesium in blood pressure has been well studied among hypertensive patients, no study has explored the role of magnesium in hypertensive crises. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the differences in serum magnesium levels between hypertensive crises patients and matched controls (age‐, sex‐, race‐, and diabetes‐matched) in a 1:1 random match. This study is a single‐center, retrospective, chart review, case‐control study of patients with hypertensive crises (case group) and patients without hypertensive crises (control group). Patients were included in the case group if they were 18 years of age or older with hypertensive crises and have a documented magnesium level. The control group patients were required to be 18 years of age or older, have no diagnosis of hypertensive crises, and have a documented magnesium level. The primary outcome of the study was to compare the mean serum magnesium in patients with hypertensive crises versus patients without hypertensive crises. Three hundred and fifty‐eight patients were included in the study: 179 patients in both the case group and control group. The primary outcome results showed that serum magnesium concentration was not significantly different between the case group (1.89 ± 0.29 mg/dl) and control group (1.90 ± 0.31 mg/dl) (p = .787). This study found no significant difference in serum magnesium levels in patients with hypertensive crises compared to a random matched control group. Larger observational or experimental studies may be useful to evaluate the effect of magnesium on blood pressure in hypertensive crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- IfeanyiChukwu O Onor
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Pharmacy, University Medical Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Emily K Johnston
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Nicole G Little
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Lashira M Hill
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Oluwabunmi E Lawal
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Casey J Payne
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Mallory R Coleman
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Carolkim H Huynh
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Sarah E Bilbe
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ahlam A Ayyad
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Kabrea J Jones
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jasmine D Kinnard
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Rosanna Dastoori
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Devinn K Rolland
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Amanda S Miller
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Robbie A Beyl
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Christopher J Gillard
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Pharmacy, University Medical Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - John I Okogbaa
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Daniel F Sarpong
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Center for Minority Health and Health Disparities Research and Education, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Rim M Hadgu
- Midwestern University College of Pharmacy - Glendale, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Amne Borghol
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Pharmacy, University Medical Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Samuel C Okpechi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Mihran V Naljayan
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Shane E Sanne
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Shane G Guillory
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Oinonen L, Koskela J, Eräranta A, Tikkakoski A, Kähönen M, Niemelä O, Mustonen J, Pörsti I. Plasma total calcium concentration is associated with blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance in normotensive and never-treated hypertensive subjects. Blood Press 2019; 29:137-148. [PMID: 31790289 DOI: 10.1080/08037051.2019.1696180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The underlying causes of primary hypertension are not fully understood. Evidence on the relation of plasma calcium concentration with blood pressure (BP) is inconsistent and relies largely on studies utilizing office BP measurements in populations using cardiovascular drugs. In many studies adjustment for confounders was not optimal. In this cross-sectional study we examined the association of plasma total calcium concentration with the haemodynamic determinants of blood pressure.Subjects and methods: Supine haemodynamics were recorded using pulse wave analysis, whole-body impedance cardiography, and heart rate variability analysis in 618 normotensive or never-treated hypertensive subjects (aged 19-72 years) without diabetes, cardiovascular or renal disease, or cardiovascular medications. Linear regression analysis was used to investigate factors associated with haemodynamic variables.Results: Mean age was 45.0 years, body mass index 26.8 kg/m2, seated office BP 141/89 mmHg, and 307 subjects (49.7%) were male. Mean values of routine blood and plasma chemistry analyses were within the reference limits of the tests except for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (3.05 mmol/l). In the laboratory, mean supine radial BP was 131/75 mmHg, and both systolic and diastolic BP correlated directly with plasma total calcium concentration (r = 0.25 and r = 0.22, respectively, p < 0.001 for both). In regression analysis plasma total calcium concentration was an independent explanatory variable for radial and aortic systolic and diastolic BP, and systemic vascular resistance, but not for cardiac output, pulse wave velocity, or any of the heart rate variability parameters.Conclusion: Plasma total calcium concentration was directly associated with systolic and diastolic BP and systemic vascular resistance in normotensive or never-treated hypertensive subjects without comorbidities and cardiovascular medications. Higher plasma calcium concentration potentially plays a role in primary hypertension via an effect on vascular resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Oinonen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jenni Koskela
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Arttu Eräranta
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Antti Tikkakoski
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Onni Niemelä
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Research Unit, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Jukka Mustonen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ilkka Pörsti
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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He H, Pan L, Du J, Liu F, Jin Y, Ma J, Wang L, Jia P, Hu Z, Shan G. Body Composition and Serum Total Calcium Were Associated With Blood Pressure Among Children and Adolescents Aged 7-18 in China: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Pediatr 2019; 7:411. [PMID: 31649908 PMCID: PMC6794364 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of childhood pre-hypertension and hypertension (elevated blood pressure, EBP) and explore their risk factors, especially the role of body composition and serum total calcium on EBP. Methods: From Nov 2013 to Jul 2014, a cross-sectional study was conducted in Hainan and Shaanxi Provinces in China. Two thousand two hundred eighty-three children and adolescents aged 7-18 underwent anthropometric and blood pressure measurements. Fasting blood was collected and serum total calcium was tested. Blood pressure standards from the updated Fourth Report on the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents were used to classify BP groups based on age, sex and stature. Results: The overall prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension were 8.36 and 7.06%, respectively. Boys, older age, living in Hainan Province, excess adiposity and higher level of serum total calcium were found to be associated with EBP. Lean subjects had an average 3.87 mmHg decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP) than normal weight groups. In contrary, overweight/obesity had increased SBP (3.69 mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (2.58 mmHg) than the normal weight group. Participants with high-level serum total calcium had a 1.60 mmHg increased SBP and 1.77 mmHg increased DBP than the low-level group. Compared with normal weight individuals, lean subjects appeared to have decreased odds of EBP (OR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.43-0.98) but overweight/obese individuals were more likely to have EBP (OR = 2.67, 95% CI: 1.68-4.25). High-level of serum total calcium was associated with increased odds of EBP, the OR (95% CI) was 1.51 (1.17-1.94). The restrict cubic spline presented a linear relationship between serum total calcium and OR of EBP (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Body composition and serum total calcium were positively associated with blood pressure in children and adolescents. Serum calcium could be considered as an untraditional risk factors for high blood pressure screening along with other body composition indexes in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijing He
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwei Du
- Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haikou, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuming Jin
- Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haikou, China
| | - Jingang Ma
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Pengben Jia
- Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haikou, China
| | - Zhiping Hu
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
| | - Guangliang Shan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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6
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Mels CMC, van Zyl C, Huisman HW. Cardiovascular function is not associated with creatine kinase activity in a black African population: The SABPA study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2016; 16:134. [PMID: 27286980 PMCID: PMC4902899 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-016-0315-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Higher creatine kinase (CK) activity is associated with the development of cardiovascular disease in black African populations. We compared CK activity and investigated associations of blood pressure with CK activity in black and white men as well as black and white women. Methods Ambulatory blood pressure, total peripheral resistance and pulse wave velocity of 197 black and 208 white participants were determined and serum CK activity was measured. Results Blood pressure and pulse wave velocity were higher in black men and women (all p < 0.001) when compared to their white counterparts. CK activity only varied between black and white women (75.9 U/l vs 62.8 U/l, p = 0.009), even after adjusting for age, body mass index and physical activity. Despite the worse cardiovascular profile of black men and women, and the higher CK activity in the black women, we were unable to link blood pressure, pulse wave velocity or total peripheral resistance with CK activity, in the black African population. In white men, total peripheral resistance was associated with CK activity (R2 = 0.32; β = 0.25; p = 0.009), whereas systolic blood pressure (R2 = 0.46; β = 0.17; p = 0.03) and pulse pressure (R2 = 0.31; β = 0.21; p = 0.01) were associated with CK activity in white women. Conclusions The lack of associations in the black African population suggests that the link between a worse cardiovascular profile and CK activity may be overshadowed by other contributing factors. Whereas, the established link between cardiovascular function and CK activity in the white groups may be the result of enhanced smooth muscle cell contractility and/or attenuated nitric oxide synthesis capacity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12872-016-0315-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina M C Mels
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
| | - Caitlynd van Zyl
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Hugo W Huisman
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.,MRC Research Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Shen X, Li K, Chen P, Feng R, Liang H, Tong G, Chen J, Chai J, Shi Y, Xie S, Wang D. Associations of blood pressure with common factors among left-behind farmers in rural China: a cross-sectional study using quantile regression analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e142. [PMID: 25590833 PMCID: PMC4602542 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The whole range of blood pressure (BP) has important implications. Yet, published studies focus primarily on hypertension and hypotension, the two extremes of BP continuum. This study aims at exploring quantile-specific associations of BP with common factors. The study used cross-sectional survey, collected information about gender, age, education, body mass index (BMI), alcohol intake, diet risk behavior, life event index, physical activity, fasting capillary glucose (FCG), and systolic/diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP) and pulse pressure (PP) from farmers living in 18 villages from rural Anhui, China, and performed descriptive and multivariate and quantile regression (QR) analysis of associations of SBP, DBP, or PP with the 9 factors surveyed. A total of 4040 (86.3%) eligible farmers completed the survey. Average hypertension prevalence rate and SBP, DBP, and PP values estimated 43.20 ± 0.50% and 141.37 ± 21.98, 87.76 ± 12.23, and 53.63 ± 15.72 mm Hg, respectively. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that all the 9 factors were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with one or more of SBP, DBP, and PP. QR coefficients of SBP, DBP, or PP with different factors demonstrated divergent patterns and age, BMI, FCG, and life event index showed substantial trends along the quantile axis. Hypertension prevalence rate was high among the farmers. QR modeling provided more detailed view on associations of SBP, DBP, or PP with different factors and uncovered apparent quantile-related patterns for part of the factors. Both the population group studied and the trends in QR coefficients identified merit specific attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingrong Shen
- From the School of Health Services Management (XS, PC, RF, HL, GT, JC, JC, DW), Anhui Medical University, Hefei; and Lu'an Center for Diseases Prevention and Control (KL, YS, SX), Lu'an, China
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Huisman HW, Schutte AE, Schutte R, van Rooyen JM, Fourie CMT, Mels CMC, Smith W, Malan NT, Malan L. Exploring the link between cardiovascular reactivity and end-organ damage in African and Caucasian men: the SABPA study. Am J Hypertens 2013; 26:68-75. [PMID: 23382329 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hps007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure in the African population is reaching alarming levels. Increased afterload as a result of increased vasoconstriction during stress may lead to impaired ventricular function and stroke volume (SV) as well as vascular hypertrophy. In this study, we challenged the cardiovascular system in order to evaluate the possible contribution of indicators of α-adrenergic vasoconstriction (i.e., vascular resistance and SV reactivity) on left ventricular mass and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in African and Caucasian men. METHODS We evaluated 101 African and 101 Caucasian male schoolteachers. Ambulatory blood pressure measurements were taken. Total peripheral resistance, Windkessel compliance and SV, and resting and reactivity values were obtained using a Finometer device while the Stroop color word conflict test was being applied. The electrocardiogram was recorded to obtain the Cornell product as indication of left ventricular mass. The CIMT was measured and the cross-sectional wall area (CSWA) calculated. RESULTS African men showed higher total vascular resistance resting values as well as higher positive reactivity values compared with Caucasian men. The SV decreased significantly during stress in African men while resting blood pressure and the Cornell product value increased. SV showed a consistent association with left ventricular mass (β = -0.21; P = 0.04) and CSWA (β = -0.24; P = 0.01) in single and multiple regression analyses. No such associations were evident in the Caucasian men. CONCLUSIONS African men showed a suppressed SV, possibly as a result of an increased ventricular afterload leading to end-organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo W Huisman
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, South Africa.
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Feldstein C, Akopian M, Olivieri AO, Garrido D. Association Between Nondipper Behavior and Serum Calcium in Hypertensive Patients with Mild-to-Moderate Chronic Renal Dysfunction. Clin Exp Hypertens 2012; 34:417-23. [DOI: 10.3109/10641963.2012.665541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Park SH, Kim SK, Bae YJ. Relationship between serum calcium and magnesium concentrations and metabolic syndrome diagnostic components in middle-aged Korean men. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 146:35-41. [PMID: 21984404 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-011-9224-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It is thought that calcium and magnesium may be related to metabolic disorders such as obesity and metabolic syndrome; however, to date, there have been few studies investigating the association between serum calcium and magnesium levels and metabolic syndrome in middle-aged male adults. We aimed to investigate the association between serum calcium and magnesium levels and metabolic syndrome in Korean middle-aged male adults. Study subjects included 213 men aged 30∼60 years. MetS risk score is determined by adding the number of risk factors, waist circumference, triacylglyceride (TG), HDL cholesterol, glucose, and blood pressure (BP). The study population was divided into three groups according to the MetS risk score: group I (MetS risk score ≤1; n = 106), group II (MetS risk score = 2; n = 51), and group III (MetS risk score ≥3; n = 56). The serum Ca, according to increase of MetS risk score, was significantly higher (p < 0.001), and there was no significant difference in serum Mg concentration among the three groups. Subjects with high TG and high BP had higher serum calcium levels than those without such abnormalities. Subjects with higher glucose had lower serum magnesium levels than those without such abnormality. The correlation analysis indicated that the serum Ca had positive correlations with the MetS risk score (r = 0.1769, p < 0.01), serum TG (r = 0.2516, p < 0.001), and DBP (r = 0.2246, p < 0.01). The correlation analysis indicated that the serum Mg had an inverse relationship with serum glucose (r = -0.2404, p < 0.001). In conclusion, serum Ca had positive association with TG and BP, while serum Mg had negative association with serum glucose after adjusting age and BMI among the middle-aged Korean male adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hyang Park
- Department of Nutrition Team, Dankook University Hospital, Chungnam, 330-715, South Korea
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