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Yu X, Lang B, Chen X, Tian Y, Qian S, Zhang Z, Fu Y, Xu J, Han X, Ding H, Jiang Y. The inhibitory receptor Tim-3 fails to suppress IFN-γ production via the NFAT pathway in NK-cell, unlike that in CD4 + T cells. BMC Immunol 2021; 22:25. [PMID: 33832435 PMCID: PMC8034152 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-021-00417-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing-3 (Tim-3) is a negative regulator expressed on T cells, and is also expressed on natural killer (NK) cells. The function of Tim-3 chiefly restricts IFNγ-production in T cells, however, the impact of Tim-3 on NK cell function has not been clearly elucidated. Results In this study, we demonstrated down-regulation of Tim-3 expression on NK cells while Tim-3 is upregulated on CD4+ T cells during HIV infection. Functional assays indicated that Tim-3 mediates suppression of CD107a degranulation in NK cells and CD4+ T cells, while it fails to inhibit the production of IFN-γ by NK cells. Analyses of downstream pathways using an antibody to block Tim-3 function demonstrated that Tim-3 can inhibit ERK and NFκB p65 signaling; however, it failed to suppress the NFAT pathway. Further, we found that the NFAT activity in NK cells was much higher than that in CD4+ T cells, indicating that NFAT pathway is important for promotion of IFN-γ production by NK cells. Conclusions Thus, our data show that the expression of Tim-3 on NK cells is insufficient to inhibit IFN-γ production. Collectively, our findings demonstrate a potential mechanism of Tim-3 regulation of NK cells and a target for HIV infection immunotherapy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12865-021-00417-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No 155, Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Bin Lang
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No 155, Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xi Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No 155, Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Yao Tian
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No 155, Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Shi Qian
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No 155, Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Zining Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No 155, Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yajing Fu
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No 155, Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Junjie Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No 155, Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xiaoxu Han
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No 155, Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Haibo Ding
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No 155, Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yongjun Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No 155, Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China. .,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, 110001, China.
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Katsch K, de Jong SJ, Albrecht JC, Steger J, Genth H, Posern G, Biesinger B. Actin-dependent activation of serum response factor in T cells by the viral oncoprotein tip. Cell Commun Signal 2012; 10:5. [PMID: 22385615 PMCID: PMC3310822 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-10-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum response factor (SRF) acts as a multifunctional transcription factor regulated by mutually exclusive interactions with ternary complex factors (TCFs) or myocardin-related transcription factors (MRTFs). Binding of Rho- and actin-regulated MRTF:SRF complexes to target gene promoters requires an SRF-binding site only, whereas MAPK-regulated TCF:SRF complexes in addition rely on flanking sequences present in the serum response element (SRE). Here, we report on the activation of an SRE luciferase reporter by Tip, the viral oncoprotein essentially contributing to human T-cell transformation by Herpesvirus saimiri. SRE activation in Tip-expressing Jurkat T cells could not be attributed to triggering of the MAPK pathway. Therefore, we further analyzed the contribution of MRTF complexes. Indeed, Tip also activated a reporter construct responsive to MRTF:SRF. Activation of this reporter was abrogated by overexpression of a dominant negative mutant of the MRTF-family member MAL. Moreover, enrichment of monomeric actin suppressed the Tip-induced reporter activity. Further upstream, the Rho-family GTPase Rac, was found to be required for MRTF:SRF reporter activation by Tip. Initiation of this pathway was strictly dependent on Tip's ability to interact with Lck and on the activity of this Src-family kinase. Independent of Tip, T-cell stimulation orchestrates Src-family kinase, MAPK and actin pathways to induce SRF. These findings establish actin-regulated transcription in human T cells and suggest its role in viral oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Katsch
- Institut für Klinische und Molekulare Virologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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Hadfield KA, McCracken SA, Ashton AW, Nguyen TG, Morris JM. Regulated suppression of NF-κB throughout pregnancy maintains a favourable cytokine environment necessary for pregnancy success. J Reprod Immunol 2011; 89:1-9. [PMID: 21411157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2010.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Revised: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Th1 immune responses are suppressed in pregnancy, but the temporal regulation and the mechanism(s) underlying this immune alteration are unknown. We assessed the expression of Th1 cytokines IFNγ, IL-2 and TNFα in response to stimulation in isolated T-cells from pregnant women throughout gestation. Using flow cytometry we demonstrated an early and sustained reduction in IFNγ and IL-2 production in CD3+ T-cells, but TNFα levels are not reduced until the third trimester. We assessed the expression of NF-κB and T-bet, transcription factors that play a central role in Th1 immune responses, throughout pregnancy. In isolated T-cells levels of available p65 were suppressed early in pregnancy, but T-bet expression was suppressed only in the third trimester. In contrast to p65, T-bet expression was transcriptionally regulated, with diminished T-bet mRNA in third-trimester samples. Re-expression of p65 in T-cells from third-trimester pregnant women resulted in an induction of T-bet expression in response to PMA stimulation and a concomitant increase in the production of IL-2 and IFNγ. The suppressive effect of pregnancy was ameliorated as early as 72h post-partum when p65 levels returned to normal as did the level of inducible IFNγ and IL-2. TNFα levels in post-partum women were significantly increased relative to non-pregnant controls. The pregnancy-specific suppression of p65 and subsequent loss of cytokine production suggest that this transcription factor acts specifically to regulate the cytokine environment that is required for pregnancy success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina A Hadfield
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney University, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia
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de Jong SJ, Albrecht JC, Schmidt M, Müller-Fleckenstein I, Biesinger B. Activation of noncanonical NF-kappaB signaling by the oncoprotein Tio. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:16495-503. [PMID: 20353939 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.102848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
NF-kappaB transcription factors are key regulators of cellular proliferation and frequently contribute to oncogenesis. The herpesviral oncoprotein Tio, which promotes growth transformation of human T cells in a recombinant herpesvirus saimiri background, potently induces canonical NF-kappaB signaling through membrane recruitment of the ubiquitin ligase tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6). Here, we show that, in addition to Tio-TRAF6 interaction, the Tio-induced canonical NF-kappaB signal requires the presence of the regulatory subunit of the inhibitor of kappaB kinase (IKK) complex, NF-kappaB essential modulator (NEMO), and the activity of its key kinase, IKKbeta, to up-regulate expression of endogenous cellular inhibitor of apoptosis 2 (cIAP2) and interleukin 8 (IL-8) proteins. Dependent on TRAF6 and NEMO, Tio enhances the expression of the noncanonical NF-kappaB proteins, p100 and RelB. Independent of TRAF6 and NEMO, Tio mediates stabilization of the noncanonical kinase, NF-kappaB-inducing kinase (NIK). Concomitantly, Tio induces efficient processing of the p100 precursor molecule to its active form, p52, as well as DNA binding of nuclear p52 and RelB. In human T cells transformed by infection with a Tio-recombinant virus, sustained expression of p100, RelB, and cIAP2 depends on IKKbeta activity, yet processing to p52 remains largely unaffected by IKKbeta inhibition. However, long term inhibition of IKKbeta disrupts the continuous growth of the transformed cells and induces cell death. Hence, the Tio oncoprotein triggers noncanonical NF-kappaB signaling through NEMO-dependent up-regulation of p100 precursor and RelB, as well as through NEMO-independent generation of p52 effector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jill de Jong
- Institut für Klinische und Molekulare Virologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
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