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Evans JM, Parker HG, Rutteman GR, Plassais J, Grinwis GCM, Harris AC, Lana SE, Ostrander EA. Multi-omics approach identifies germline regulatory variants associated with hematopoietic malignancies in retriever dog breeds. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009543. [PMID: 33983928 PMCID: PMC8118335 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Histiocytic sarcoma is an aggressive hematopoietic malignancy of mature tissue histiocytes with a poorly understood etiology in humans. A histologically and clinically similar counterpart affects flat-coated retrievers (FCRs) at unusually high frequency, with 20% developing the lethal disease. The similar clinical presentation combined with the closed population structure of dogs, leading to high genetic homogeneity, makes dogs an excellent model for genetic studies of cancer susceptibility. To determine the genetic risk factors underlying histiocytic sarcoma in FCRs, we conducted multiple genome-wide association studies (GWASs), identifying two loci that confer significant risk on canine chromosomes (CFA) 5 (Pwald = 4.83x10-9) and 19 (Pwald = 2.25x10-7). We subsequently undertook a multi-omics approach that has been largely unexplored in the canine model to interrogate these regions, generating whole genome, transcriptome, and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing. These data highlight the PI3K pathway gene PIK3R6 on CFA5, and proximal candidate regulatory variants that are strongly associated with histiocytic sarcoma and predicted to impact transcription factor binding. The CFA5 association colocalizes with susceptibility loci for two hematopoietic malignancies, hemangiosarcoma and B-cell lymphoma, in the closely related golden retriever breed, revealing the risk contribution this single locus makes to multiple hematological cancers. By comparison, the CFA19 locus is unique to the FCR and harbors risk alleles associated with upregulation of TNFAIP6, which itself affects cell migration and metastasis. Together, these loci explain ~35% of disease risk, an exceptionally high value that demonstrates the advantages of domestic dogs for complex trait mapping and genetic studies of cancer susceptibility. We have identified two regions of the canine genome that explain a striking 35% of risk for developing histiocytic sarcoma in FCRs. The disease is uniformly lethal, affects 20% of FCRs, and parallels a cancer of the same name in humans. Both regions harbor genes involved in cell migration and cancer-related pathways. The first includes variants in regulatory regions at the tumor suppressor PIK3R6 locus that are strongly associated with histiocytic sarcoma and likely confer risk for other hematopoietic cancers. FCRs with risk alleles at the second locus demonstrate increased expression of TNFAIP6, which correlates with poor prognosis in multiple human cancers. In identifying genomic differences between affected and unaffected dogs, we advance our understanding of both canine and human health biology and set the stage for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn M. Evans
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Heidi G. Parker
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gerard R. Rutteman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, division Internal Medicine of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jocelyn Plassais
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Guy C. M. Grinwis
- Department Biomedical Health Sciences, division Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander C. Harris
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Susan E. Lana
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Elaine A. Ostrander
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Jiang J, Meng Y, Hu S, Botchway BOA, Zhang Y, Liu X. Saikosaponin D: A potential therapeutic drug for osteoarthritis. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 14:1175-1184. [PMID: 32592611 DOI: 10.1002/term.3090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease. Currently, no effective therapeutic exists for osteoarthritis in the clinic setting. Inflammatory response and autophagy are key players in the occurrence and prognosis of osteoarthritis. In recent years, the regulation of inflammation and autophagy signal pathway has been touted as a potential treatment course for osteoarthritis. Saikosaponin D has anti-inflammatory and induces autophagy effects via inhibiting the nuclear transcription factor-κB, mTOR signaling pathways. Here in the report, we analyze and summarize recent evidences pertaining to the relationship between Saikosaponin and osteoarthritis. Published studies were scoured for in research databases, such as PubMed and Scopus with the keywords Saikosaponin and osteoarthritis. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3k)/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway is an important autophagy modulator, and can regulate chondrocytic autophagy, inflammation, and apoptosis. Saikosaponin D alleviates inflammation and regulates autophagy by inhibiting the PI3k/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Saikosaponin D could be a potential therapeutic drug for osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsong Jiang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Yanfeng Meng
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Songfeng Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shaoxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaoxing, China
| | - Benson O A Botchway
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Xuehong Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
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TLR Crosstalk Activates LRP1 to Recruit Rab8a and PI3Kγ for Suppression of Inflammatory Responses. Cell Rep 2019; 24:3033-3044. [PMID: 30208326 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The multi-ligand endocytic receptor, low-density lipoprotein-receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), has anti-inflammatory roles in disease. Here, we reveal that pathogen-activated Toll-like receptors (TLRs) activate LRP1 in human and mouse primary macrophages, resulting in phosphorylation of LRP1 at Y4507. In turn, this allows LRP1 to activate and recruit the guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase), Rab8a, with p110γ/p101 as its phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) effector complex. PI3Kγ is a known regulator of TLR signaling and macrophage reprogramming. LRP1 coincides with Rab8a at signaling sites on macropinosomal membranes. In LRP1-deficient cells, TLR-induced Rab8 activation is abolished. CRISPR-mediated knockout of LRP1 in macrophages alters Akt/mTOR signaling and produces a pro-inflammatory bias in cytokine outputs, mimicking the Rab8a knockout and PI3Kγ-null phenotype. Thus, TLR-LRP1 crosstalk activates the Rab8a/PI3Kγ complex for reprogramming macrophages, revealing this as a key mechanism through which LRP1 helps to suppress inflammation.
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4
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Function, Regulation and Biological Roles of PI3Kγ Variants. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9090427. [PMID: 31480354 PMCID: PMC6770443 DOI: 10.3390/biom9090427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) γ is the only class IB PI3K member playing significant roles in the G-protein-dependent regulation of cell signaling in health and disease. Originally found in the immune system, increasing evidence suggest a wide array of functions in the whole organism. PI3Kγ occur as two different heterodimeric variants: PI3Kγ (p87) and PI3Kγ (p101), which share the same p110γ catalytic subunit but differ in their associated non-catalytic subunit. Here we concentrate on specific PI3Kγ features including its regulation and biological functions. In particular, the roles of its non-catalytic subunits serving as the main regulators determining specificity of class IB PI3Kγ enzymes are highlighted.
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Frustaci AM, Tedeschi A, Deodato M, Zamprogna G, Cairoli R, Montillo M. Duvelisib: a new phosphoinositide-3-kinase inhibitor in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Future Oncol 2019; 15:2227-2239. [DOI: 10.2217/fon-2018-0881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
P110-γ and -δ act in lymphocytes chemotaxis, presenting distinct, nonredundant roles in B- and T-cell migration and adhesion to stromal cells. Moreover, phosphoinositide-3-kinase-γ inhibition contributes to regulate macrophage polarization inhibiting cancer growth. Duvelisib (IPI-145) is an oral first-in-class, dual phosphoinositide-3-kinase inhibitor targeting p110-δ/γ exerting its activity in preclinical studies across different prognostic groups. In a large Phase III study, duvelisib showed superior progression-free survival and overall response rate compared with ofatumumab, thus leading to its approval for relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma. Immune-related effects are the main reason for treatment suspension, thus affecting survival benefit. Nevertheless, the correct management of adverse events, eventually including dose modification, allows patients to remain on treatment. In conclusion, duvelisib represents a promising treatment in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and a salvage therapy after ibrutinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Frustaci
- Department of Hematology, Niguarda Cancer Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Tedeschi
- Department of Hematology, Niguarda Cancer Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, Milano, Italy
| | - Marina Deodato
- Department of Hematology, Niguarda Cancer Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia Zamprogna
- Department of Hematology, Niguarda Cancer Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Cairoli
- Department of Hematology, Niguarda Cancer Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Montillo
- Department of Hematology, Niguarda Cancer Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, Milano, Italy
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Ali AY, Wu X, Eissa N, Hou S, Ghia JE, Murooka TT, Banerji V, Johnston JB, Lin F, Gibson SB, Marshall AJ. Distinct roles for phosphoinositide 3-kinases γ and δ in malignant B cell migration. Leukemia 2018; 32:1958-1969. [PMID: 29479062 PMCID: PMC6127087 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0012-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The PI 3-kinases (PI3K) are essential mediators of chemokine receptor signaling necessary for migration of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells and their interaction with tissue-resident stromal cells. While the PI3Kδ-specific inhibitor idelalisib shows efficacy in treatment of CLL and other B cell malignancies, the function of PI3Kγ has not been extensively studied in B cells. Here, we assess whether PI3Kγ has non-redundant functions in CLL migration and adhesion to stromal cells. We observed that pharmaceutical PI3Kγ inhibition with CZC24832 significantly impaired CLL cell migration, while dual PI3Kδ/γ inhibitor duvelisib had a greater impact than single isoform-selective inhibitors. Knockdown of PI3Kγ reduced migration of CLL cells and cell lines. Expression of the PI3Kγ subunits increased in CLL cells in response to CD40L/IL-4, whereas BCR cross-linking had no effect. Overexpression of PI3Kγ subunits enhanced cell migration in response to SDF1α/CXCL12, with the strongest effect observed within ZAP70 + CLL samples. Microscopic tracking of cell migration within chemokine gradients revealed that PI3Kγ functions in gradient sensing and impacts cell morphology and F-actin polarization. PI3Kγ inhibition also reduced CLL adhesion to stromal cells to a similar extent as idelalisib. These findings provide the first evidence that PI3Kγ has unique functions in malignant B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Y Ali
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0T5, Canada.,Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, 675 McDermot Ave., Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Xun Wu
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Nour Eissa
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Sen Hou
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Jean-Eric Ghia
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0T5, Canada.,Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, University of Manitoba, 820 Sherbrooke St., Winnipeg, MB, R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - Thomas T Murooka
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0T5, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Ave., Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Versha Banerji
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, 675 McDermot Ave., Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0V9, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Ave., Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - James B Johnston
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, 675 McDermot Ave., Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Francis Lin
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0T5, Canada.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Allen Building, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Spencer B Gibson
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0T5, Canada.,Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, 675 McDermot Ave., Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0V9, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Ave., Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Aaron J Marshall
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0T5, Canada. .,Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, 675 McDermot Ave., Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0V9, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Ave., Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0J9, Canada.
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7
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Eyre NS, Hampton-Smith RJ, Aloia AL, Eddes JS, Simpson KJ, Hoffmann P, Beard MR. Phosphorylation of NS5A Serine-235 is essential to hepatitis C virus RNA replication and normal replication compartment formation. Virology 2016; 491:27-44. [PMID: 26874015 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5A protein is essential for HCV RNA replication and virus assembly. Here we report the identification of NS5A phosphorylation sites Ser-222, Ser-235 and Thr-348 during an infectious HCV replication cycle and demonstrate that Ser-235 phosphorylation is essential for HCV RNA replication. Confocal microscopy revealed that both phosphoablatant (S235A) and phosphomimetic (S235D) mutants redistribute NS5A to large juxta-nuclear foci that display altered colocalization with known replication complex components. Using electron microscopy (EM) we found that S235D alters virus-induced membrane rearrangements while EM using 'APEX2'-tagged viruses demonstrated S235D-mediated enrichment of NS5A in irregular membranous foci. Finally, using a customized siRNA screen of candidate NS5A kinases and subsequent analysis using a phospho-specific antibody, we show that phosphatidylinositol-4 kinase III alpha (PI4KIIIα) is important for Ser-235 phosphorylation. We conclude that Ser-235 phosphorylation of NS5A is essential for HCV RNA replication and normal replication complex formation and is regulated by PI4KIIIα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S Eyre
- School of Biological Sciences and Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Rachel J Hampton-Smith
- School of Biological Sciences and Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Amanda L Aloia
- School of Biological Sciences and Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - James S Eddes
- Adelaide Proteomics Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kaylene J Simpson
- Victorian Centre for Functional Genomics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia; The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Peter Hoffmann
- Adelaide Proteomics Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Michael R Beard
- School of Biological Sciences and Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
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