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Sabag A, Way KL, Sultana RN, Keating SE, Gerofi JA, Chuter VH, Byrne NM, Baker MK, George J, Caterson ID, Twigg SM, Johnson NA. The Effect of a Novel Low-Volume Aerobic Exercise Intervention on Liver Fat in Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Diabetes Care 2020; 43:2371-2378. [PMID: 32732374 DOI: 10.2337/dc19-2523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the effect of a novel low-volume high-intensity interval training (HIIT), moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), or placebo (PLA) intervention on liver fat, glycemia, and cardiorespiratory fitness using a randomized placebo-controlled design. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Thirty-five inactive adults (age 54.6 ± 1.4 years, 54% male; BMI 35.9 ± 0.9 kg/m2) with obesity and type 2 diabetes were randomized to 12 weeks of supervised MICT (n = 12) at 60% VO2peak for 45 min, 3 days/week; HIIT (n = 12) at 90% VO2peak for 4 min, 3 days/week; or PLA (n = 11). Liver fat percentage was quantified through proton MRS. RESULTS Liver fat reduced in MICT (-0.9 ± 0.7%) and HIIT (-1.7 ± 1.1%) but increased in PLA (1.2 ± 0.5%) (P = 0.046). HbA1c improved in MICT (-0.3 ± 0.3%) and HIIT (-0.3 ± 0.3%) but not in PLA (0.5 ± 0.2%) (P = 0.014). Cardiorespiratory fitness improved in MICT (2.3 ± 1.2 mL/kg/min) and HIIT (1.1 ± 0.5 mL/kg/min) but not in PLA (-1.5 ± 0.9 mL/kg/min) (P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS MICT or a low-volume HIIT approach involving 12 min of weekly high-intensity aerobic exercise may improve liver fat, glycemia, and cardiorespiratory fitness in people with type 2 diabetes in the absence of weight loss. Further studies are required to elucidate the relationship between exercise-induced reductions in liver fat and improvements in glycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Sabag
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia .,The Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kimberley L Way
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rachelle N Sultana
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shelley E Keating
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - James A Gerofi
- The Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vivienne H Chuter
- School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nuala M Byrne
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Michael K Baker
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Westmead Hospital, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ian D Caterson
- The Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen M Twigg
- The Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nathan A Johnson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Chandler PD, Wang L, Zhang X, Sesso HD, Moorthy MV, Obi O, Lewis J, Prince RL, Danik JS, Manson JE, LeBoff MS, Song Y. Effect of vitamin D supplementation alone or with calcium on adiposity measures: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Rev 2015; 73:577-93. [PMID: 26180255 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuv012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT The independent or interactive effects of vitamin D and calcium on adiposity remain inconclusive. OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess whether vitamin D and calcium supplements cause changes in adiposity. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched for literature published from 1966 to March 2014. STUDY SELECTION A systematic search was conducted for randomized clinical trials with ≥ 50 participants aged ≥ 18 years at baseline who had received at least 12 weeks of treatment. Among the inclusion criteria were supplementation with vitamin D with or without calcium and measurement of adiposity (weight, body mass index [BMI], and/or fat mass). DATA EXTRACTION The primary endpoints assessed were changes in weight, BMI, or fat mass. DATA SYNTHESIS Of 953 trials identified, 26 randomized clinical trials (n = 12, vitamin D alone; n = 10, vitamin D plus calcium versus calcium control; n = 4, vitamin D plus calcium versus placebo) with a total of 42,430 participants (median duration, 12 months) met the inclusion criteria. When compared with placebo, vitamin D supplementation had no significant effect on BMI (weighted mean difference [WMD], -0.06 kg/m(2); 95% confidence interval [95%CI], -0.14 to 0.03), weight (WMD, -0.05 kg; 95%CI, -0.32 to 0.23), or fat mass (WMD, -0.43 kg; 95%CI, -1.69 to 0.84). Likewise, no significant reduction in BMI (WMD, 0.02 kg/m(2); 95%CI, -0.11 to 0.14), weight (WMD, 0.12 kg; 95%CI, -0.24 to 0.49), or fat mass (WMD, 0.12 kg; 95%CI, -0.22 to 0.45) was observed in participants who received vitamin D plus calcium compared with those who received calcium control. CONCLUSIONS Supplementation with vitamin D showed no effect on adiposity measures in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulette D Chandler
- P.D. Chandler, L. Wang, H.D. Sesso, M.V. Moorthy, J.S. Danik, J.E. Manson, and Y. Song are with the Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. X. Zhang and Y. Song are with the Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. H.D. Sesso and J.E. Manson are with the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. O. Obi is with the Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. J. Lewis and R.L. Prince are with the School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. J. Lewis and R.L. Prince are with the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. R.L. Prince is with the School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. J.S. Danik is with the Cardiovascular Division, Mount Sinai St. Luke's Hospital, New York, New York, USA. M.S. LeBoff is with the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Lu Wang
- P.D. Chandler, L. Wang, H.D. Sesso, M.V. Moorthy, J.S. Danik, J.E. Manson, and Y. Song are with the Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. X. Zhang and Y. Song are with the Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. H.D. Sesso and J.E. Manson are with the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. O. Obi is with the Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. J. Lewis and R.L. Prince are with the School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. J. Lewis and R.L. Prince are with the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. R.L. Prince is with the School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. J.S. Danik is with the Cardiovascular Division, Mount Sinai St. Luke's Hospital, New York, New York, USA. M.S. LeBoff is with the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xi Zhang
- P.D. Chandler, L. Wang, H.D. Sesso, M.V. Moorthy, J.S. Danik, J.E. Manson, and Y. Song are with the Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. X. Zhang and Y. Song are with the Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. H.D. Sesso and J.E. Manson are with the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. O. Obi is with the Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. J. Lewis and R.L. Prince are with the School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. J. Lewis and R.L. Prince are with the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. R.L. Prince is with the School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. J.S. Danik is with the Cardiovascular Division, Mount Sinai St. Luke's Hospital, New York, New York, USA. M.S. LeBoff is with the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Howard D Sesso
- P.D. Chandler, L. Wang, H.D. Sesso, M.V. Moorthy, J.S. Danik, J.E. Manson, and Y. Song are with the Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. X. Zhang and Y. Song are with the Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. H.D. Sesso and J.E. Manson are with the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. O. Obi is with the Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. J. Lewis and R.L. Prince are with the School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. J. Lewis and R.L. Prince are with the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. R.L. Prince is with the School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. J.S. Danik is with the Cardiovascular Division, Mount Sinai St. Luke's Hospital, New York, New York, USA. M.S. LeBoff is with the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Manickavasagar V Moorthy
- P.D. Chandler, L. Wang, H.D. Sesso, M.V. Moorthy, J.S. Danik, J.E. Manson, and Y. Song are with the Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. X. Zhang and Y. Song are with the Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. H.D. Sesso and J.E. Manson are with the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. O. Obi is with the Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. J. Lewis and R.L. Prince are with the School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. J. Lewis and R.L. Prince are with the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. R.L. Prince is with the School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. J.S. Danik is with the Cardiovascular Division, Mount Sinai St. Luke's Hospital, New York, New York, USA. M.S. LeBoff is with the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Obiageli Obi
- P.D. Chandler, L. Wang, H.D. Sesso, M.V. Moorthy, J.S. Danik, J.E. Manson, and Y. Song are with the Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. X. Zhang and Y. Song are with the Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. H.D. Sesso and J.E. Manson are with the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. O. Obi is with the Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. J. Lewis and R.L. Prince are with the School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. J. Lewis and R.L. Prince are with the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. R.L. Prince is with the School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. J.S. Danik is with the Cardiovascular Division, Mount Sinai St. Luke's Hospital, New York, New York, USA. M.S. LeBoff is with the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joshua Lewis
- P.D. Chandler, L. Wang, H.D. Sesso, M.V. Moorthy, J.S. Danik, J.E. Manson, and Y. Song are with the Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. X. Zhang and Y. Song are with the Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. H.D. Sesso and J.E. Manson are with the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. O. Obi is with the Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. J. Lewis and R.L. Prince are with the School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. J. Lewis and R.L. Prince are with the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. R.L. Prince is with the School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. J.S. Danik is with the Cardiovascular Division, Mount Sinai St. Luke's Hospital, New York, New York, USA. M.S. LeBoff is with the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard L Prince
- P.D. Chandler, L. Wang, H.D. Sesso, M.V. Moorthy, J.S. Danik, J.E. Manson, and Y. Song are with the Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. X. Zhang and Y. Song are with the Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. H.D. Sesso and J.E. Manson are with the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. O. Obi is with the Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. J. Lewis and R.L. Prince are with the School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. J. Lewis and R.L. Prince are with the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. R.L. Prince is with the School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. J.S. Danik is with the Cardiovascular Division, Mount Sinai St. Luke's Hospital, New York, New York, USA. M.S. LeBoff is with the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jacqueline S Danik
- P.D. Chandler, L. Wang, H.D. Sesso, M.V. Moorthy, J.S. Danik, J.E. Manson, and Y. Song are with the Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. X. Zhang and Y. Song are with the Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. H.D. Sesso and J.E. Manson are with the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. O. Obi is with the Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. J. Lewis and R.L. Prince are with the School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. J. Lewis and R.L. Prince are with the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. R.L. Prince is with the School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. J.S. Danik is with the Cardiovascular Division, Mount Sinai St. Luke's Hospital, New York, New York, USA. M.S. LeBoff is with the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- P.D. Chandler, L. Wang, H.D. Sesso, M.V. Moorthy, J.S. Danik, J.E. Manson, and Y. Song are with the Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. X. Zhang and Y. Song are with the Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. H.D. Sesso and J.E. Manson are with the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. O. Obi is with the Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. J. Lewis and R.L. Prince are with the School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. J. Lewis and R.L. Prince are with the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. R.L. Prince is with the School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. J.S. Danik is with the Cardiovascular Division, Mount Sinai St. Luke's Hospital, New York, New York, USA. M.S. LeBoff is with the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Meryl S LeBoff
- P.D. Chandler, L. Wang, H.D. Sesso, M.V. Moorthy, J.S. Danik, J.E. Manson, and Y. Song are with the Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. X. Zhang and Y. Song are with the Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. H.D. Sesso and J.E. Manson are with the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. O. Obi is with the Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. J. Lewis and R.L. Prince are with the School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. J. Lewis and R.L. Prince are with the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. R.L. Prince is with the School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. J.S. Danik is with the Cardiovascular Division, Mount Sinai St. Luke's Hospital, New York, New York, USA. M.S. LeBoff is with the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yiqing Song
- P.D. Chandler, L. Wang, H.D. Sesso, M.V. Moorthy, J.S. Danik, J.E. Manson, and Y. Song are with the Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. X. Zhang and Y. Song are with the Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. H.D. Sesso and J.E. Manson are with the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. O. Obi is with the Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. J. Lewis and R.L. Prince are with the School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. J. Lewis and R.L. Prince are with the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. R.L. Prince is with the School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. J.S. Danik is with the Cardiovascular Division, Mount Sinai St. Luke's Hospital, New York, New York, USA. M.S. LeBoff is with the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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