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Skoug C, Rogova O, Spégel P, Holm C, Duarte JMN. Genetic deletion of hormone-sensitive lipase in mice reduces cerebral blood flow but does not aggravate the impact of diet-induced obesity on memory. J Neurochem 2024; 168:781-800. [PMID: 38317494 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) is active throughout the brain and its genetic ablation impacts brain function. Its activity in the brain was proposed to regulate bioactive lipid availability, namely eicosanoids that are inflammatory mediators and regulate cerebral blood flow (CBF). We aimed at testing whether HSL deletion increases susceptibility to neuroinflammation and impaired brain perfusion upon diet-induced obesity. HSL-/-, HSL+/-, and HSL+/+ mice of either sex were fed high-fat diet (HFD) or control diet for 8 weeks, and then assessed in behavior tests (object recognition, open field, and elevated plus maze), metabolic tests (insulin and glucose tolerance tests and indirect calorimetry in metabolic cages), and CBF determination by arterial spin labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Immunofluorescence microscopy was used to determine coverage of blood vessels, and morphology of astrocytes and microglia in brain slices. HSL deletion reduced CBF, most prominently in cortex and hippocampus, while HFD feeding only lowered CBF in the hippocampus of wild-type mice. CBF was positively correlated with lectin-stained vessel density. HSL deletion did not exacerbate HFD-induced microgliosis in the hippocampus and hypothalamus. HSL-/- mice showed preserved memory performance when compared to wild-type mice, and HSL deletion did not significantly aggravate HFD-induced memory impairment in object recognition tests. In contrast, HSL deletion conferred protection against HFD-induced obesity, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance. Altogether, this study points to distinct roles of HSL in periphery and brain during diet-induced obesity. While HSL-/- mice were protected against metabolic syndrome development, HSL deletion reduced brain perfusion without leading to aggravated HFD-induced neuroinflammation and memory dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Skoug
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Oksana Rogova
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Peter Spégel
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Holm
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - João M N Duarte
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Aung O, Weber ET. Differential effects of time-restricted feeding on circadian locomotor activity, food intake and body weight gain in BALB/cJ and C57BL/6J mice. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2021.1970395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O Aung
- Department of Biology, Behavioral Neuroscience and Health Sciences, Rider University, Lawrenceville, NJ, USA
| | - E. Todd Weber
- Department of Biology, Behavioral Neuroscience and Health Sciences, Rider University, Lawrenceville, NJ, USA
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Defour M, Hooiveld GJEJ, van Weeghel M, Kersten S. Probing metabolic memory in the hepatic response to fasting. Physiol Genomics 2020; 52:602-617. [PMID: 33074794 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00117.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissues may respond differently to a particular stimulus if they have been previously exposed to that same stimulus. Here, we tested the hypothesis that a strong metabolic stimulus such as fasting may influence the hepatic response to a subsequent fast and thus elicit a memory effect. Overnight fasting in mice significantly increased plasma free fatty acids, glycerol, β-hydroxybutyrate, and liver triglycerides, and decreased plasma glucose, plasma triglycerides, and liver glycogen levels. In addition, fasting dramatically changed the liver transcriptome, upregulating genes involved in gluconeogenesis and in uptake, oxidation, storage, and mobilization of fatty acids, and downregulating genes involved in fatty acid synthesis, fatty acid elongation/desaturation, and cholesterol synthesis. Fasting also markedly impacted the liver metabolome, causing a decrease in the levels of numerous amino acids, glycolytic-intermediates, TCA cycle intermediates, and nucleotides. However, these fasting-induced changes were unaffected by two previous overnight fasts. Also, no significant effect was observed of prior fasting on glucose tolerance. Finally, analysis of the effect of fasting on the transcriptome in hepatocyte humanized mouse livers indicated modest similarity in gene regulation in mouse and human liver cells. In general, genes involved in metabolic pathways were upregulated or downregulated to a lesser extent in human liver cells than in mouse liver cells. In conclusion, we found that previous exposure to fasting in mice did not influence the hepatic response to a subsequent fast, arguing against the concept of metabolic memory in the liver. Our data provide a useful resource for the study of liver metabolism during fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merel Defour
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Guido J E J Hooiveld
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michel van Weeghel
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Kersten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Pickel L, Sung HK. Feeding Rhythms and the Circadian Regulation of Metabolism. Front Nutr 2020; 7:39. [PMID: 32363197 PMCID: PMC7182033 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular circadian clock regulates metabolic processes within the cell, and the alignment of these clocks between tissues is essential for the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. The possibility of misalignment arises from the differential responsiveness of tissues to the environmental cues that synchronize the clock (zeitgebers). Although light is the dominant environmental cue for the master clock of the suprachiasmatic nucleus, many other tissues are sensitive to feeding and fasting. When rhythms of feeding behavior are altered, for example by shift work or the constant availability of highly palatable foods, strong feedback is sent to the peripheral molecular clocks. Varying degrees of phase shift can cause the systemic misalignment of metabolic processes. Moreover, when there is a misalignment between the endogenous rhythms in physiology and environmental inputs, such as feeding during the inactive phase, the body's ability to maintain homeostasis is impaired. The loss of phase coordination between the organism and environment, as well as internal misalignment between tissues, can produce cardiometabolic disease as a consequence. The aim of this review is to synthesize the work on the mechanisms and metabolic effects of circadian misalignment. The timing of food intake is highlighted as a powerful environmental cue with the potential to destroy or restore the synchrony of circadian rhythms in metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Pickel
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hoon-Ki Sung
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Adeola HA, Papagerakis S, Papagerakis P. Systems Biology Approaches and Precision Oral Health: A Circadian Clock Perspective. Front Physiol 2019; 10:399. [PMID: 31040792 PMCID: PMC6476986 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A vast majority of the pathophysiological and metabolic processes in humans are temporally controlled by a master circadian clock located centrally in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus of the brain, as well as by specialized peripheral oscillators located in other body tissues. This circadian clock system generates a rhythmical diurnal transcriptional-translational cycle in clock genes and protein expression and activities regulating numerous downstream target genes. Clock genes as key regulators of physiological function and dysfunction of the circadian clock have been linked to various diseases and multiple morbidities. Emerging omics technologies permits largescale multi-dimensional investigations of the molecular landscape of a given disease and the comprehensive characterization of its underlying cellular components (e.g., proteins, genes, lipids, metabolites), their mechanism of actions, functional networks and regulatory systems. Ultimately, they can be used to better understand disease and interpatient heterogeneity, individual profile, identify personalized targetable key molecules and pathways, discover novel biomarkers and genetic alterations, which collectively can allow for a better patient stratification into clinically relevant subgroups to improve disease prediction and prevention, early diagnostic, clinical outcomes, therapeutic benefits, patient's quality of life and survival. The use of “omics” technologies has allowed for recent breakthroughs in several scientific domains, including in the field of circadian clock biology. Although studies have explored the role of clock genes using circadiOmics (which integrates circadian omics, such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics) in human disease, no such studies have investigated the implications of circadian disruption in oral, head and neck pathologies using multi-omics approaches and linking the omics data to patient-specific circadian profiles. There is a burgeoning body of evidence that circadian clock controls the development and homeostasis of oral and maxillofacial structures, such as salivary glands, teeth and oral epithelium. Hence, in the current era of precision medicine and dentistry and patient-centered health care, it is becoming evident that a multi-omics approach is needed to improve our understanding of the role of circadian clock-controlled key players in the regulation of head and neck pathologies. This review discusses current knowledge on the role of the circadian clock and the contribution of omics-based approaches toward a novel precision health era for diagnosing and treating head and neck pathologies, with an emphasis on oral, head and neck cancer and Sjögren's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry A Adeola
- Hair and Skin Research Laboratory, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Silvana Papagerakis
- Laboratory of Oral, Head & Neck Cancer-Personalized Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Seichter F, Tütüncü E, Hagemann LT, Vogt J, Wachter U, Gröger M, Kress S, Radermacher P, Mizaikoff B. Online monitoring of carbon dioxide and oxygen in exhaled mouse breath via substrate-integrated hollow waveguide Fourier-transform infrared-luminescence spectroscopy. J Breath Res 2018; 12:036018. [DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/aabf98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Woodie LN, Luo Y, Wayne MJ, Graff EC, Ahmed B, O'Neill AM, Greene MW. Restricted feeding for 9h in the active period partially abrogates the detrimental metabolic effects of a Western diet with liquid sugar consumption in mice. Metabolism 2018; 82:1-13. [PMID: 29253490 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a major public health concern that can result from diets high in fat and sugar, including sugar sweetened beverages. A proposed treatment for dietary-induced obesity is time-restricted feeding (TRF), which restricts consumption of food to specific times of the 24-hour cycle. Although TRF shows great promise to prevent obesity and the development of chronic disease, the effects of TRF to reverse metabolic changes and the development of NAFLD in animal models of a Western diet with sugary water consumption is not known. OBJECTIVE The objective of the current study was to evaluate the role of TRF in the treatment of obesity and NAFLD through examination of changes in metabolic and histopathologic parameters. METHODS To better understand the role of TRF in the treatment of obesity and NAFLD, we investigated the metabolic phenotype and NAFLD parameters in a mouse model of NAFLD in which obesity and liver steatosis are induced by a Western Diet (WD): a high-fat diet of lard, milkfat and Crisco with sugary drinking water. Mice were subjected to a short-term (4-weeks) and long-term (10-weeks) TRF in which food was restricted to 9h at night. RESULTS Prior to TRF treatment, the WD mice had increased body mass, and exhibited less activity, and higher average daytime energy expenditure (EE) than chow fed mice. Approximately 4- and 10-weeks following TFR treatment, WD-TRF had moderate but not statistically significant weight loss compared to WD-ad libitum (WD-AL) mice. There was a modest but significant reduction in the inguinal adipose tissue weight in both WD-TRF groups compared to the WD-AL groups; however, there was no difference in epididymal and retroperitoneal adipose tissue mass or adipocyte size distribution. In contrast, the diet-induced increase in normalized liver tissue weight, hepatic triglyceride, and NAFLD score was partially abrogated in the 4-week WD-TRF mice, while systemic insulin resistance was partially abrogated and glucose intolerance was completely abrogated in the 10-week WD-TRF mice. Importantly, WD-induced metabolic dysfunction (substrate utilization, energy expenditure, and activity) was partially abrogated by 4- and 10-week TRF. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the hypothesis that TRF aids in reducing the detrimental metabolic effects of consuming a WD with sugary drinking water but does not ameliorate obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren N Woodie
- Department of Nutrition, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Yuwen Luo
- Department of Nutrition, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Michael J Wayne
- Department of Nutrition, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Emily C Graff
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Bulbul Ahmed
- Department of Nutrition, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Ann Marie O'Neill
- Department of Biology, Auburn University Montgomery, Montgomery, AL 36117, USA.
| | - Michael W Greene
- Department of Nutrition, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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