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Ketabchi F, Khoram M, Dehghanian A. Evaluation of Electrocardiogram Parameters and Heart Rate Variability During Blood Pressure Elevation by Phenylephrine in Cirrhotic Rats. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2024; 24:321-334. [PMID: 38409566 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-024-09839-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy is a myocardial disease that may go undetected in the early stages due to peripheral vasodilatation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the electrocardiogram (ECG) and heart rate variability (HRV) after raising blood pressure by phenylephrine injection in rats with liver cirrhosis. Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the Sham and common bile duct ligation (CBDL) groups. After 44 days, animals were anesthetized and the right femoral artery and vein catheterized. After a steady-state period, a bolus injection of phenylephrine (PHE, 10 μg/μl/IV, baroreflex maneuver) was followed by a slow injection of PHE (100 μg/ml/5 min/IV, sustained maneuver). Rapid and slow injections of PHE resulted in a greater increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and a weaker bradycardia response in the CBDL group than in the Sham group. ECG analysis showed increased QT, QTc, JT, and T peak to T end in the CBDL group, which remained unchanged after PHE injection. On the other hand, the parasympathetic indices of the HF band and RMSSD, and the sympathetic index of the LF band after PHE injection were lower in the CBDL group than in the Sham group.ECG data indicated prolonged ventricular depolarization and repolarization, independent of blood pressure levels in cirrhosis. On the other hand, after PHE injection, the parasympathetic and sympathetic components of HRV decreased, regardless of the duration of elevated blood pressure. We suggest that HRV analysis can provide a useful approach to assess cardiac dysfunction associated with elevated blood pressure in cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Ketabchi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mohammadreza Khoram
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amirreza Dehghanian
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Rivera-Mancilla E, Villanueva-Castillo B, Altamirano-Espinoza AH, Manrique-Maldonado G, Villalón CM. Prospective role of α2A/2B/2C-adrenoceptor subtypes in the modulation of cardioaccelerator sympathetic tone in an experimental model of diabetes. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 929:175138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Asico LD, Rozyyev S, Crusan AM, Jose PA, Villar VAM. Elucidating the Role of Lipid Rafts on G Protein-Coupled Receptor Function in the Mouse Kidney: An In Vivo Approach. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2187:187-206. [PMID: 32770507 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0814-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Numerous G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and GPCR-signaling molecules reside in lipid rafts and thus, are inherently regulated in these microdomains. However, the limitations of current methods to investigate lipid raft biology and GPCR activity in situ have hindered the complete understanding of the molecular underpinnings of GPCR trafficking and signaling, especially in the whole organism. This book chapter details an innovative in vivo approach to study the crucial role of lipid rafts on the workings of GPCRs in the mouse kidney. This protocol involves the use of a modified mini osmotic pump to deliver an agent that selectively disrupts the lipid raft in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laureano D Asico
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Selim Rozyyev
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.,Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Annabelle M Crusan
- Research Animal Facility, The Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Van Anthony M Villar
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
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Experimental study on the effects of isoflurane with and without remifentanil or dexmedetomidine on heart rate variability before and after nociceptive stimulation at different MAC multiples in cats. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:258. [PMID: 31340857 PMCID: PMC6657164 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart rate variability (HRV) provides information about autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity and is therefore a possible tool with which to assess anaesthetic depth. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of isoflurane, remifentanil and dexmedetomidine on HRV before and after nociceptive stimulation at different anaesthetic depths. Seven healthy domestic short-hair cats were used, and each cat was anaesthetized three times - group I with isoflurane alone, group IR with isoflurane and a constant rate infusion (CRI) of remifentanil (18 μg/kg/h), and group ID with isoflurane and a CRI of dexmedetomidine (3 μg/kg/h). Minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) values were determined via electrical supramaximal nociceptive stimulation for each treatment group. Nociceptive stimulation was repeated at 3 different MAC multiples (0.75, 1.0 and 1.5 MAC), and electrocardiographic recordings were performed for 3 min before and after stimulation. Only the 1 min epochs were used for further statistical analysis. Electrocardiographic data were exported for offline HRV analysis. RESULTS The mean isoflurane MAC ± standard deviation (SD) was 1.83 ± 0.22 vol% in group I, 1.65 ± 0.13 vol% in group IR and 0.82 ± 0.20 vol% in group ID. Nociception was indicated by several HRV parameters, however, with high variability between treatments. The best correlation with MAC was found for the SD of heart rate (STD HR) in group I (rs = - 0.76, p = 0.0001, r2 = 0.46). STD HR was also able to distinguish 0.75 MAC from 1.5 MAC and 1.0 MAC from 1.5 MAC in group I, as well as 0.75 MAC from 1.5 MAC in group ID. CONCLUSIONS The choice of anaesthetic protocol influences the HRV parameters in cats. Frequency domain parameters respond to nociception at lower MAC levels. The STD HR has the potential to provide additional information for the assessment of anaesthetic depth in isoflurane-anaesthetized cats. The utility of HRV analysis for the assessment of anaesthetic depth in cats is still questionable.
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Abdel-Hameed Elsayed S, Hegab AF, Youssif Alkatsh SS. Does Surgical Release of TMJ Bony Ankylosis Increase the Risk of Trigeminocardiac Reflex? A Retrospective Cohort Study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 77:391-397. [PMID: 30712536 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The exact frequency of the trigeminocardiac (TGC) reflex in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) surgery is still controversial. The purpose of the present report was to estimate the frequency of and identify the risk factors for TGC reflex among patients undergoing operative management of TMJ ankyloses. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted of patients who had undergone gap arthroplasty for TMJ ankyloses at Al-Azhar University Hospital, Cairo, Egypt, from 2001 to 2015. The predictor variables were patient demographic data (age and sex), ankylosis type, and surgery type. The outcome variable was the occurrence of the TGC reflex (yes vs no). The data analysis included descriptive statistics and χ2 tests to compare the categorical variables. Binary regression logistic model analysis was performed to identify the associated predictor variable. P values were considered statistically significant at ≤ .05. RESULTS The sample included 55 subjects. The mean ± standard deviation age of the patients was 21.3 ± 9.855 years, and 43.6% were males. The frequency of TGC reflex was 12.7%. The factors associated with an increased risk of TGC reflex were type IV bony ankylosis (P = .012) and the need for repeat surgery (P = .016.). A multivariable binary regression model analysis demonstrated that the recurrence of surgery was the most significant predictor factor affecting the frequency of the TGC reflex. The computed variance ranged from 13 to 25%. However, other variables, including age, gender, side, and ankylosis type, were not associated with reflex onset (odds ratio, 0.028; 95% confidence interval, 0.001 to 0.911; P = .044). CONCLUSIONS Recurrent ankylosis surgery carries a high risk of TGC reflex. Preoperative risk factor identification and close monitoring are crucial to prevent the occurrence of this reflex in susceptible patients. Future research projects should include more variables in the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadia Abdel-Hameed Elsayed
- Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental College and Hospital, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia; and Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University (Girls Branch), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ayman F Hegab
- Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Saeed Salem Youssif Alkatsh
- Lecturer, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine for Boys, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Yao Y, Davis G, Harrison JC, Walker RJ, Sammut IA. Renal functional responses in diabetic nephropathy following chronic bilateral renal denervation. Auton Neurosci 2017; 204:98-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2016.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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A Pharmacological Examination of the Cardiovascular Effects of Malayan Krait (Bungarus candidus) Venoms. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9040122. [PMID: 28353659 PMCID: PMC5408196 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9040122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular effects (e.g., tachycardia, hypo- and/or hypertension) are often clinical outcomes of snake envenoming. Malayan krait (Bungarus candidus) envenoming has been reported to cause cardiovascular effects that may be related to abnormalities in parasympathetic activity. However, the exact mechanism for this effect has yet to be determined. In the present study, we investigated the in vivo and in vitro cardiovascular effects of B. candidus venoms from Southern (BC-S) and Northeastern (BC-NE) Thailand. SDS-PAGE analysis of venoms showed some differences in the protein profile of the venoms. B. candidus venoms (50 µg/kg-100 µg/kg, i.v.) caused dose-dependent hypotension in anaesthetised rats. The highest dose caused sudden hypotension (phase I) followed by a return of mean arterial pressure to baseline levels and a decrease in heart rate with transient hypertension (phase II) prior to a small decrease in blood pressure (phase III). Prior administration of monovalent antivenom significantly attenuated the hypotension induced by venoms (100 µg/kg, i.v.). The sudden hypotensive effect of BC-NE venom was abolished by prior administration of hexamethonium (10 mg/kg, i.v.) or atropine (5 mg/kg, i.v.). BC-S and BC-NE venoms (0.1 µg/kg-100 µg/ml) induced concentration-dependent relaxation (EC50 = 8 ± 1 and 13 ± 3 µg/mL, respectively) in endothelium-intact aorta. The concentration-response curves were markedly shifted to the right by pre-incubation with L-NAME (0.2 mM), or removal of the endothelium, suggesting that endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) is likely to be responsible for venom-induced aortic relaxation. Our data indicate that the cardiovascular effects caused by B. candidus venoms may be due to a combination of vascular mediators (i.e., NO) and autonomic adaptation via nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
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Buchholz B, Kelly J, Bernatene EA, Méndez Diodati N, Gelpi RJ. Antagonistic and Synergistic Activation of Cardiovascular Vagal and Sympathetic Motor Outflows in Trigeminal Reflexes. Front Neurol 2017; 8:52. [PMID: 28270794 PMCID: PMC5318455 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The trigeminal nerve and heart are strongly related through somato-autonomic nervous reflexes that induce rapid changes in cardiovascular function. Several trigeminal reflexes have been described, but the diving and trigeminocardiac reflexes are the most studied. The heart is a target organ dually innervated by the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. Thus, how cardiac function is regulated during the trigeminal reflexes is the result of the combination of an increased parasympathetic response and increased, decreased, or unaltered sympathetic activity. Various hemodynamic changes occur as a consequence of these alterations in autonomic tone. Often in the oxygen-conserving physiological reflexes such as the diving reflex, sympathetic/parasympathetic co-activation reduces the heart rate and either maintains or increases blood pressure. Conversely, in the trigeminocardiac reflex, bradycardia and hypotension due to parasympathetic activation and sympathetic inactivation tend to be observed. These sudden cardiac innervation disturbances may promote the generation of arrhythmias or myocardial ischemia during surgeries in the trigeminal territory. However, the function and mechanisms involved in the trigeminal reflexes remain to be fully elucidated. The current review provides a brief update and analysis of the features of these reflexes, with special focus on how the autonomic nervous system interacts with cardiovascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Buchholz
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Patología, Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular (INFICA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Medicina, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jazmín Kelly
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Patología, Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular (INFICA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Medicina, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo A Bernatene
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Patología, Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular (INFICA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Medicina, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nahuel Méndez Diodati
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Patología, Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular (INFICA), Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Ricardo J Gelpi
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Patología, Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular (INFICA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Medicina, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Svorc P, Svorc P, Bacova I, Gresova S. Pentobarbital anaesthesia in the chronobiological studies. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2015.1020202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Delaunois A, De Ron P, Dedoncker P, Rosseels ML, Cornet M, Jnoff E, Hanon E, Guyaux M, Depelchin BO. Advantageous safety profile of a dual selective alpha2Cagonist/alpha2Aantagonist antinociceptive agent. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2013; 28:423-38. [DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annie Delaunois
- Department of Non-Clinical Development; UCB Pharma S.A.; B-1420 Braine-l'Alleud Belgium
| | - Pierrette De Ron
- Department of Non-Clinical Development; UCB Pharma S.A.; B-1420 Braine-l'Alleud Belgium
| | - Paul Dedoncker
- Department of Non-Clinical Development; UCB Pharma S.A.; B-1420 Braine-l'Alleud Belgium
| | - Marie-Luce Rosseels
- Department of Non-Clinical Development; UCB Pharma S.A.; B-1420 Braine-l'Alleud Belgium
| | - Miranda Cornet
- Department of Non-Clinical Development; UCB Pharma S.A.; B-1420 Braine-l'Alleud Belgium
| | - Eric Jnoff
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; UCB Pharma S.A.; B-1420 Braine-l'Alleud Belgium
| | - Etienne Hanon
- Department of Neurosciences Research; UCB Pharma S.A.; B-1420 Braine-l'Alleud Belgium
| | - Michel Guyaux
- Department of Non-Clinical Development; UCB Pharma S.A.; B-1420 Braine-l'Alleud Belgium
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In reply. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2013; 25:207-8. [PMID: 23456033 DOI: 10.1097/ana.0b013e31828980ff] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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