Investigation of basement membrane proteins in a case of granular cell ameloblastoma

Effects of butyric acid, a bacterial metabolite, on the migration of ameloblastoma mediated by laminin 332

Ameloblastoma is a benign tumor that develops in the jawbone. Occasionally, however, it may become malignant and metastasize to other tissues. Although it has been suggested that various cytokines and several adhesion factors may play a role in its malignant transformation, the details have not been elucidated. In this context, it has been reported that butyric acid produced by periodontopathic bacteria causes progression of malignant tumors occurring in the mouth via podoplanin. However, the influence of butyric acid on ameloblastoma has not been clarified. In the present study, therefore, the expression of various cytokines and adhesion factors in ameloblastoma upon stimulation with butyric acid or cytokines was investigated using real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Three cell lines (HAM1, HAM2 and HAM3) established from the same ameloblastoma were used in the experiments. It was found that the expression of mRNAs for epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) was increased in HAM2 and HAM3, respectively, upon stimulation with butyric acid. In addition, stimulation with EGF and TGFβ1 led to an increase in the expression of laminin β-3 mRNA in the respective cell lines. These results suggest that butyric acid may be involved in ameloblastoma exacerbation through the expression of laminin 332 (LM332) via EGF and TGFβ1 produced by ameloblastoma itself.

Ameloblastoma with distinctive granular cell pattern: an 8 case study

Ameloblastoma with granular cell pattern (AGC) is classified as an unusual histological subtype of solid/multicystic ameloblastoma, characterized by granular changes in stellate-like cells located within the inner portion of the epithelial follicles. Studies have revealed that lysosomal overload causes cytoplasmic granularity; however, the mechanism involved remains poorly understood. Here we report on eight cases of granular cell ameloblastoma, in the posterior region of the mandible. The age of the patients included in this case series ranged from 35 -64 years old and 87.5% of cases occurred in non-Caucasians, with a slight gender predilection for men (62.5%). There was no evidence of recurrence, and the majority of the cases were treated with surgical resection (87.5%). All tumors displayed histopathological features consistent with the diagnosis of ameloblastoma with granular cell pattern.

Granular cells in ameloblastoma: An enigma in diagnosis

Ameloblastoma is an epithelial odontogenic tumor exhibiting diverse microscopic pattern that occurs singly or in combination with other patterns. This article describes a case of granular cell ameloblastoma (GCA) involving mandible in a 55-year-old male. The possibility of granular component is there in other odontogenic and nonodontogenic lesions. Sometimes dilemma exists in the diagnosis of such lesions. The purpose of this article is to unveil the hidden characteristics in GCA, which might help in differential diagnosis of GCA.

Antigenic heterogeneity in granular cell ameloblastoma: an immunohistochemical study

BACKGROUND

Nature of granular cells in granular cell ameloblastoma (GCA) has always invoked considerable interest. The present study aims at antigenic characterization in five such cases with a panel of markers.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Tissue specimens of five patients with GCA were fixed in buffered formalin and later embedded in paraffin wax. Blocks were sliced into 3 µ thick sections for immunohistochemical analysis using a panel of markers CD68, Bcl2, S100, p53, cytokeratin (AE1/AE3), vimentin and desmin.

RESULTS

All five cases were strongly positive for cytokeratin and CD68. S100 was negative in three cases and showed a mild positivity in two cases. Bcl2, p53, vimentin and desmin were negative in all the five cases.

CONCLUSIONS

This study presents a heterogenous nature of the granular cells; however, further validation is required with a larger sample size.

Massive granular cell ameloblastoma with dural extension and atypical morphology

Ameloblastomas are rare histologically benign, locally aggressive tumors arising from the oral ectoderm that occasionally reach a gigantic size. Giant ameloblastomas are a rarity these days with the advent of panoramic radiography in routine dental practice. Furthermore, the granular cell variant is an uncommon histological subtype of ameloblastoma where the central stellate reticulum like cells in tumor follicles is replaced by granular cells. Although granular cell ameloblastoma (GCA) is considered to be a destructive tumor with a high recurrence rate, the significance of granular cells in predicting its biologic behavior is debatable. However, we present a rare case of giant GCA of remarkable histomorphology showing extensive craniofacial involvement and dural extension that rendered a good prognosis following treatment.

Granular cell ameloblastoma of jaw - Report of a case with an emphasis on its characterization

Ameloblastoma is a neoplasm of odontogenic epithelium, especially of enamel organ-type tissue that has not undergone differentiation to the point of hard tissue formation. It accounts for approximately 10% of all tumors originating from gnathic bones. It exhibits diverse microscopic patterns which occurs either singly or in combination with other patterns. Granular cell ameloblastoma is a rare condition, accounting for 3.5% of all ameloblastoma cases that shows marked transformation in the cytoplasm of tumor cells, which are usually stellate reticulum like cells. The transformed cells possess very coarse, granular, eosinophilic cytoplasm. The “granular change” is thought to be due to a dysfunctional status of neoplastic cells, and the pathogenesis of this tumour seems to be age-related. Ultrastructural, histochemical, and immunohitochemical studies have revealed that cytoplasmic granularity is caused by overload; however the mechanism ivolved remains poorly understood. This article describes a case of granular cell variant of ameloblastoma affecting a 55-year old female.

Key words:Ameloblastoma, granular cell, odontogenic tumor.

Granular cell ameloblastoma: enigmatic cells in an unusual neoplasm

An unusual granular variant of ameloblastoma presenting as a mandibular mass in a 43-year-old woman is described. These visually striking tumors display unusual and inconsistent immunohistochemical staining patterns although differential diagnosis from other granular cell lesions of the head and neck is usually not problematic.

Rare giant granular cell ameloblastoma: a case report and an immunohistochemical study

Aims. The aim is to present a case of rare giant granular cell ameloblastoma and to review the pertinent literature highlighting the molecular aspects of its pathogenesis by analyzing the expression of CD-68, Bcl-2, and β -catenin. Methods. H and E stained sections showed large odontogenic islands showing peripheral ameloblast-like cells and central stellate reticulum-like cells with extensive granular cell transformation surrounded by fibrous stroma. Polyclonal rabbit anti-CD 68, anti-Bcl2, and anti- β -catenin were stained immunohistochemically. Results. CD-68 showed a moderate to strong staining intensity in granular cells. Moderate staining of Bcl-2 was expressed by the peripheral columnar cells of tumor islands and negative in the granular cells. Expression of β -catenin was generally weak, except for only the focal areas that showed a moderate staining intensity and weak in peripheral cells. Conclusion. The present case of giant granular cell ameloblastoma is a rare entity. Development of monstrous size is indicative of ameloblastomas persistent growth. Granular cell transformation in ameloblastomas probably occurs as a consequence of extensive molecular changes. Immunohistochemical studies help us to know the pathogenesis of this granular cell ameloblastoma. Therefore, an effort has been made here to study the expression of Bcl-2, CD-68, and β -catenin.