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Development and Validation of an Up-to-Date Highly Sensitive UHPLC-MS/MS Method for the Simultaneous Quantification of Current Anti-HIV Nucleoside Analogues in Human Plasma. PHARMACEUTICALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:ph14050460. [PMID: 34068180 PMCID: PMC8153023 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic options to treat HIV infection have widened in the past years, improving both effectiveness and tolerability, but nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) are still considered the standard backbone of the combination regimens. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) can be useful for these drugs, due to concentration–effect relationship, with risk of ineffectiveness, toxicity or adherence concerns: in this scenario, robust and multiplexed methods are needed for an effective TDM activity. In this work, the first validated ultra-high spectrometry liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method is described for the high-sensitive simultaneous quantification of all the currently used NRTIs in human plasma, including tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), following FDA and EMA guidelines. The automated sample preparation consisted in the addition of an internal standard (IS) working solution, containing stable-isotope-linked drugs, protein precipitation and drying. Dry extracts were reconstituted with water, then, these underwent reversed phase chromatographic separation: compounds were detected through electrospray ionization and multiple reaction monitoring. Accuracy, precision, recovery and IS-normalized matrix effect fulfilled guidelines’ requirements. The application of this method on samples from people living with HIV (PLWH) showed satisfactory performance, being capable of quantifying the very low concentrations of tenofovir (TFV) in patients treated with TAF.
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Validation of a UHPLC-MS/MS Method to Quantify Twelve Antiretroviral Drugs within Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from People Living with HIV. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 14:ph14010012. [PMID: 33375547 PMCID: PMC7824452 DOI: 10.3390/ph14010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, anti-HIV treatment has achieved high efficacy and tolerability. Nevertheless, few data are available about the intracellular penetration of antiretrovirals, partly due to the technical challenges related to intracellular quantification. This work aimed to validate an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method for the simultaneous quantification of maraviroc, nevirapine, rilpivirine, dolutegravir, raltegravir, cobicistat, darunavir, ritonavir, atazanavir, efavirenz, elvitegravir, and etravirine within peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and apply it to samples from patients. PBMCs were isolated by density gradient on cell preparation tubes (CPT). Samples were prepared by addition of internal standards (IS), sonication, centrifugation, and drying. Reconstituted extracts underwent chromatographic separation by reversed phase UHPLC and detection was performed by electrospray ionization and multiple reaction monitoring. Method validation followed FDA and EMA guidelines, showing acceptable accuracy, precision, recovery and IS-normalized matrix effect. The application to 56 samples from patients undergoing antiretroviral treatment provided description of intracellular penetration, showing method eligibility for future studies.
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Nutritional dietary supplementation of d-ribose-l-cysteine ameliorates altered sperm parameters, hormone profile and testicular histomorphology in highly active antiretroviral therapy induced toxicity in adult male Wistar rat. PHARMANUTRITION 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2020.100210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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da Silva Pontes L, Callegari B, Magno L, Moraes A, Silva BG, Manso K, Barros B, Araújo AP, Silva MC, Dias GA, Vasconcelos BH, Costa E Silva A, Libonati RM, Souza GS. Variations in plantar pressure and balance in HIV-infected children in antiretroviral therapy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4344. [PMID: 30867540 PMCID: PMC6416285 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41028-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Balance disorders have been poorly investigated and somewhat neglected in people infected with the human immunodeficiency virus, especially in children, whose have intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors that may compromise the balance. To evaluate the foot plantar pressures and the balance in children with acquired immunodeficiency. We recruited 53 children aged between 6 and 15 years: 33 healthy children, and 20 children with positive serology for the human immunodeficiency virus. A physical examination included anthropometric, reflexes, tactile sensitivity of the foot and orthopedic evaluation. We also collected data of them using Pediatric Equilibrium Scale, baropodometry, and stabilometry. We considered significance level of 0.05 for statistics. Both groups were aged-, sex-matched and similar body mass index and scores of the Pediatric Equilibrium Scale. Three infected children had altered tactile sensitivity, and none had orthopedic or reflex alteration. Infected children had higher mean plantar pressure in the hindfoot than of the control group (p = 0.02). There was higher maximum plantar pressure in the hindfoot of the infected children than of the controls (p = 0.04). Controls had lower maximum plantar pressure in the forefoot than the infected children (p = 0.04). Infected children had larger displacement of the center of pressure (p = 0.006), larger mean velocity of displacement (p = 0.006), and longer duration between successive peaks of displacement than the controls (p = 0.02). Children living with the human immunodeficiency virus discharges great plantar pressures in the hindfoot and to present balance disturbances in the absence of neurological symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucieny da Silva Pontes
- Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Kaio Manso
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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Simiele M, Ariaudo A, De Nicolò A, Favata F, Ferrante M, Carcieri C, Bonora S, Di Perri G, De Avolio A. UPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of three new antiretroviral drugs, dolutegravir, elvitegravir and rilpivirine, and other thirteen antiretroviral agents plus cobicistat and ritonavir boosters in human plasma. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 138:223-230. [PMID: 28219799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Rilpivirine (RPV), dolutegravir (DTG) and elvitegravir (EVG) are the latest antiretroviral drugs approved for treatment of HIV infection. Currently, poor information is currently available concerning their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, thus making the use of therapeutic drug monitoring for these drugs not useful. This lack of information is partially due to the absence of an high-throughput method for their simultaneous quantification together with other antiretroviral drugs. In this work, we describe the development and validation of a new UPLC-MS/MS method to quantify these drugs, together with other fourteen antiretroviral agents, in human plasma. One hundred microliters of plasma samples were added with internal standard (6,7-Dimethyl- 2,3-di(2-pyridyl) quinoxaline), underwent a simple protein precipitation with methanol:acetonitrile (50:50v/v) followed by sample dilution with water. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Acquity® UPLC HSS T3 column (150mm x 2.1mm I.D) with a particle size of 1.8μm and compounds were detected with a tandem mass detector, monitoring two ion transitions for each drugs. The mean recovery of RPV, DTG and EVG were 101%, 87% and 112.3% respectively. Accuracy and precision inter/intra-day were below 15% for all drugs, in accordance to Food and Drug Administration guidelines requirements. The UPLC-MS/MS method reported here could be used routinely to monitor plasma concentrations of antiviral drugs, including RPV, DTG and EVG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Simiele
- University of Turin, Department of Medical Sciences,(2) Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics,(3) Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, CorsoSvizzera 164, 10149, Turin, Italy; "CoQuaLab", Academic Apin-off of University of Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ariaudo
- University of Turin, Department of Medical Sciences,(2) Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics,(3) Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, CorsoSvizzera 164, 10149, Turin, Italy
| | - Amedeo De Nicolò
- University of Turin, Department of Medical Sciences,(2) Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics,(3) Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, CorsoSvizzera 164, 10149, Turin, Italy.
| | - Fabio Favata
- University of Turin, Department of Medical Sciences,(2) Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics,(3) Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, CorsoSvizzera 164, 10149, Turin, Italy
| | - Martina Ferrante
- University of Turin, Department of Medical Sciences,(2) Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics,(3) Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, CorsoSvizzera 164, 10149, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Carcieri
- University of Turin, Department of Medical Sciences,(2) Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics,(3) Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, CorsoSvizzera 164, 10149, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano Bonora
- University of Turin, Department of Medical Sciences,(2) Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics,(3) Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, CorsoSvizzera 164, 10149, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Perri
- University of Turin, Department of Medical Sciences,(2) Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics,(3) Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, CorsoSvizzera 164, 10149, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio De Avolio
- University of Turin, Department of Medical Sciences,(2) Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics,(3) Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, CorsoSvizzera 164, 10149, Turin, Italy
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Kumar P, Lakshmi YS, Kondapi AK. An oral formulation of efavirenz-loaded lactoferrin nanoparticles with improved biodistribution and pharmacokinetic profile. HIV Med 2016; 18:452-462. [DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics; School of Life Sciences; University of Hyderabad; Hyderabad India
| | - YS Lakshmi
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics; School of Life Sciences; University of Hyderabad; Hyderabad India
| | - AK Kondapi
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics; School of Life Sciences; University of Hyderabad; Hyderabad India
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Kumar P, Lakshmi YS, Kondapi AK. Triple Drug Combination of Zidovudine, Efavirenz and Lamivudine Loaded Lactoferrin Nanoparticles: an Effective Nano First-Line Regimen for HIV Therapy. Pharm Res 2016; 34:257-268. [PMID: 27928647 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-2048-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To enhance efficacy, bioavailability and reduce toxicity of first-line highly active anti-retroviral regimen, zidovudine + efavirenz + lamivudine loaded lactoferrin nanoparticles were prepared (FLART-NP) and characterized for physicochemical properties, bioactivity and pharmacokinetic profile. METHODS Nanoparticles were prepared using sol-oil protocol and characterized using different sources such as FE-SEM, AFM, NanoSight, and FT-IR. In-vitro and in-vivo studies have been done to access the encapsulation-efficiency, cellular localization, release kinetics, safety analysis, biodistribution and pharmacokinetics. RESULTS FLART-NP with a mean diameter of 67 nm (FE-SEM) and an encapsulation efficiency of >58% for each drug were prepared. In-vitro studies suggest that FLART-NP deliver the maximum of its payload at pH5 with a minimum burst release throughout the study period with negligible toxicity to the erythrocytes plus improved in-vitro anti-HIV activity. FLART-NP has improved the in-vivo pharmacokinetics (PK) profiles over the free drugs; an average of >4fold increase in AUC and AUMC, 30% increase in the Cmax, >2fold in the half-life of each drug. Biodistribution data suggest that FLART-NP has improved the bioavailability of all drugs with less tissue-related inflammation as suggested with histopathological evaluation CONCLUSIONS: The triple-drug loaded nanoparticles have various advantages against soluble (free) drug combination in terms of enhanced bioavailability, improved PK profile and diminished drug-associated toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Yeruva Samrajya Lakshmi
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Anand K Kondapi
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India.
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Kieslich CA, Tamamis P, Guzman YA, Onel M, Floudas CA. Highly Accurate Structure-Based Prediction of HIV-1 Coreceptor Usage Suggests Intermolecular Interactions Driving Tropism. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148974. [PMID: 26859389 PMCID: PMC4747591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 entry into host cells is mediated by interactions between the V3-loop of viral glycoprotein gp120 and chemokine receptor CCR5 or CXCR4, collectively known as HIV-1 coreceptors. Accurate genotypic prediction of coreceptor usage is of significant clinical interest and determination of the factors driving tropism has been the focus of extensive study. We have developed a method based on nonlinear support vector machines to elucidate the interacting residue pairs driving coreceptor usage and provide highly accurate coreceptor usage predictions. Our models utilize centroid-centroid interaction energies from computationally derived structures of the V3-loop:coreceptor complexes as primary features, while additional features based on established rules regarding V3-loop sequences are also investigated. We tested our method on 2455 V3-loop sequences of various lengths and subtypes, and produce a median area under the receiver operator curve of 0.977 based on 500 runs of 10-fold cross validation. Our study is the first to elucidate a small set of specific interacting residue pairs between the V3-loop and coreceptors capable of predicting coreceptor usage with high accuracy across major HIV-1 subtypes. The developed method has been implemented as a web tool named CRUSH, CoReceptor USage prediction for HIV-1, which is available at http://ares.tamu.edu/CRUSH/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris A Kieslich
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America.,Texas A&M Energy Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Phanourios Tamamis
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America.,Texas A&M Energy Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Yannis A Guzman
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America.,Texas A&M Energy Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States of America
| | - Melis Onel
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America.,Texas A&M Energy Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Christodoulos A Floudas
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America.,Texas A&M Energy Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
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