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Zhao A, Liu N, Jiang G, Xu L, Yao M, Zhang Y, Xue B, Ma B, Chang D, Feng Y, Jiang Y, Liu J, Zhou G. Combination of panax ginseng and ginkgo biloba extracts attenuate cerebral ischemia injury with modulation of NLRP3 inflammasome and CAMK4/CREB pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:980449. [PMID: 36091745 PMCID: PMC9452960 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.980449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a major cause of death and disability throughout the world. A combination of Panax Ginseng and Ginkgo biloba extracts (CGGE) is an effective treatment for nervous system diseases, but the neuroprotective mechanism underlying CGGE remains unclear. Both network analysis and experimental research were employed to explore the potential mechanism of CGGE in treating ischemic stroke (IS). Network analysis identified a total number of 133 potential targets for 34 active ingredients and 239 IS-related targets. What’s more, several processes that might involve the regulation of CGGE against IS were identified, including long-term potentiation, cAMP signaling pathway, neurotrophin signaling pathway, and Nod-like receptor signaling pathway. Our studies in animal models suggested that CGGE could reduce inflammatory response by inhibiting the activity of Nod-like receptor, pyrin containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, and maintain the balance of glutamate (Glu)/gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) via activating calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type Ⅳ (CAMK4)/cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) pathway. These findings indicated the neuroprotective effects of CGGE, possibly improving neuroinflammation and excitotoxicity by regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome and CAMK4/CREB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimei Zhao
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Neuroscience Centre, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Beijing Increasepharm Safety and Efficacy Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Guozhi Jiang
- Shineway Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Li Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingjiang Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yehao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bingjie Xue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dennis Chang
- NICM, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Yujing Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Punan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunyao Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute for Chinese Materia Medica, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yunyao Jiang, ; Jianxun Liu, ; Guoping Zhou,
| | - Jianxun Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yunyao Jiang, ; Jianxun Liu, ; Guoping Zhou,
| | - Guoping Zhou
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Neuroscience Centre, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yunyao Jiang, ; Jianxun Liu, ; Guoping Zhou,
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2
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He W, Zhang Z, Sha X. Nanoparticles-mediated emerging approaches for effective treatment of ischemic stroke. Biomaterials 2021; 277:121111. [PMID: 34488117 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke leads to high disability and mortality. The limited delivery efficiency of most therapeutic substances is a major challenge for effective treatment of ischemic stroke. Inspired by the prominent merit of nanoscale particles in brain targeting and blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration, various functional nanoparticles have been designed as promising drug delivery platforms that are expected to improve the therapeutic effect of ischemic stroke. Based on the complex pathological mechanisms of ischemic stroke, this review outline and summarize the rationally designed nanoparticles-mediated emerging approaches for effective treatment of ischemic stroke, including recanalization therapy, neuroprotection therapy, and combination therapy. On this bases, the potentials and challenges of nanoparticles in the treatment of ischemic stroke are revealed, and new thoughts and perspectives are proposed for the design of feasible nanoparticles for effective treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu He
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhiwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xianyi Sha
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China; The Institutes of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, 120 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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3
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Meloni BP, Mastaglia FL, Knuckey NW. Cationic Arginine-Rich Peptides (CARPs): A Novel Class of Neuroprotective Agents With a Multimodal Mechanism of Action. Front Neurol 2020; 11:108. [PMID: 32158425 PMCID: PMC7052017 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There are virtually no clinically available neuroprotective drugs for the treatment of acute and chronic neurological disorders, hence there is an urgent need for the development of new neuroprotective molecules. Cationic arginine-rich peptides (CARPs) are an expanding and relatively novel class of compounds, which possess intrinsic neuroprotective properties. Intriguingly, CARPs possess a combination of biological properties unprecedented for a neuroprotective agent including the ability to traverse cell membranes and enter the CNS, antagonize calcium influx, target mitochondria, stabilize proteins, inhibit proteolytic enzymes, induce pro-survival signaling, scavenge toxic molecules, and reduce oxidative stress as well as, having a range of anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-microbial, and anti-cancer actions. CARPs have also been used as carrier molecules for the delivery of other putative neuroprotective agents across the blood-brain barrier and blood-spinal cord barrier. However, there is increasing evidence that the neuroprotective efficacy of many, if not all these other agents delivered using a cationic arginine-rich cell-penetrating peptide (CCPPs) carrier (e.g., TAT) may actually be mediated largely by the properties of the carrier molecule, with overall efficacy further enhanced according to the amino acid composition of the cargo peptide, in particular its arginine content. Therefore, in reviewing the neuroprotective mechanisms of action of CARPs we also consider studies using CCPPs fused to a putative neuroprotective peptide. We review the history of CARPs in neuroprotection and discuss in detail the intrinsic biological properties that may contribute to their cytoprotective effects and their usefulness as a broad-acting class of neuroprotective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno P Meloni
- Department of Neurosurgery, QEII Medical Centre, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Frank L Mastaglia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Neville W Knuckey
- Department of Neurosurgery, QEII Medical Centre, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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4
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Meloni BP, South SM, Gill DA, Marriott AL, Déziel RA, Jacques A, Blacker DJ, Knuckey NW. Poly-Arginine Peptides R18 and R18D Improve Functional Outcomes After Endothelin-1-Induced Stroke in the Sprague Dawley Rat. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2019; 78:426-435. [DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlz014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno P Meloni
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, QEII Medical Centre, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia (BPM, DJB, NWK)
| | - Samantha M South
- Office of Research Enterprise, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Angela Jacques
- Sir Charles Gairdner Group, Department of Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Heath Sciences, Institute for Health Research, The University Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia
| | - David J Blacker
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia (BPM, DJB, NWK)
- Department of Neurology, QEII Medical Centre, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Neville W Knuckey
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, QEII Medical Centre, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia (BPM, DJB, NWK)
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5
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Edwards AB, Anderton RS, Knuckey NW, Meloni BP. Assessment of therapeutic window for poly-arginine-18D (R18D) in a P7 rat model of perinatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. J Neurosci Res 2018; 96:1816-1826. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam B. Edwards
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, QEII Medical Centre; Nedlands Western Australia Australia
- School of Health Sciences and Institute for Health Research; The University of Notre Dame Australia; Fremantle Western Australia Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital; QEII Medical Centre; Nedlands Western Australia Australia
| | - Ryan S. Anderton
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, QEII Medical Centre; Nedlands Western Australia Australia
- School of Health Sciences and Institute for Health Research; The University of Notre Dame Australia; Fremantle Western Australia Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders; The University of Western Australia; Nedlands Western Australia Australia
| | - Neville W. Knuckey
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, QEII Medical Centre; Nedlands Western Australia Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital; QEII Medical Centre; Nedlands Western Australia Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders; The University of Western Australia; Nedlands Western Australia Australia
| | - Bruno P. Meloni
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, QEII Medical Centre; Nedlands Western Australia Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital; QEII Medical Centre; Nedlands Western Australia Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders; The University of Western Australia; Nedlands Western Australia Australia
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6
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Lv W, Xu J, Wang X, Li X, Xu Q, Xin H. Bioengineered Boronic Ester Modified Dextran Polymer Nanoparticles as Reactive Oxygen Species Responsive Nanocarrier for Ischemic Stroke Treatment. ACS NANO 2018; 12:5417-5426. [PMID: 29869497 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability and death worldwide. Current drug delivery vehicles for the treatment of ischemic stroke are less than satisfactory, in large part due to their short circulation lives, lack of specific targeting to the ischemic site, and poor controllability of drug release. In light of the upregulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the ischemic neuron, we herein developed a bioengineered ROS-responsive nanocarrier for stroke-specific delivery of a neuroprotective agent, NR2B9C, against ischemic brain damage. The nanocarrier is composed of a dextran polymer core modified with ROS-responsive boronic ester and a red blood cell (RBC) membrane shell with stroke homing peptide (SHp) inserted. These targeted "core-shell" nanoparticles (designated as SHp-RBC-NP) could thus have controlled release of NR2B9C triggered by high intracellular ROS in ischemic neurons after homing to ischemic brain tissues. The potential of the SHp-RBC-NP for ischemic stroke therapy was systematically evaluated in vitro and in rat models of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). In vitro results showed that the SHp-RBC-NP had great protective effects on glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in PC-12 cells. In vivo pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) testing further demonstrated that the bioengineered nanoparticles can drastically prolong the systemic circulation of NR2B9C, enhance the active targeting of the ischemic area in the MCAO rats, and reduce ischemic brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lv
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing 211166 , China
- Jiangsu Jiangyin People's Hospital , Jiangyin 214400 , China
| | - Jianpei Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing 211166 , China
| | - Xiaoqi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing 211166 , China
| | - Xinrui Li
- Sir Run Run Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing 211166 , China
| | - Qunwei Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing 211166 , China
| | - Hongliang Xin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing 211166 , China
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7
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Effects of Dimeric PSD-95 Inhibition on Excitotoxic Cell Death and Outcome After Controlled Cortical Impact in Rats. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:3401-3413. [PMID: 28828633 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2381-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic effects of PSD-95 inhibition have been demonstrated in numerous studies of stroke; however only few studies have assessed the effects of PSD-95 inhibitors in traumatic brain injury (TBI). As the pathophysiology of TBI partially overlaps with that of stroke, PSD-95 inhibition may also be an effective therapeutic strategy in TBI. The objectives of the present study were to assess the effects of a dimeric inhibitor of PSD-95, UCCB01-144, on excitotoxic cell death in vitro and outcome after experimental TBI in rats in vivo. In addition, the pharmacokinetic parameters of UCCB01-144 were investigated in order to assess uptake of the drug into the central nervous system of rats. After a controlled cortical impact rats were randomized to receive a single injection of either saline or two different doses of UCCB01-144 (10 or 20 mg/kg IV) immediately after injury. Spatial learning and memory were assessed in a water maze at 2 weeks post-trauma, and at 4 weeks lesion volumes were estimated. Overall, UCCB01-144 did not protect against NMDA-toxicity in neuronal cultures or experimental TBI in rats. Important factors that should be investigated further in future studies assessing the effects of PSD-95 inhibitors in TBI are discussed.
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8
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9
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Neuroprotective efficacy of poly-arginine R18 and NA-1 (TAT-NR2B9c) peptides following transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat. Neurosci Res 2017; 114:9-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Sommer JB, Bach A, Malá H, Strømgaard K, Mogensen J, Pickering DS. In vitro and in vivo effects of a novel dimeric inhibitor of PSD-95 on excitotoxicity and functional recovery after experimental traumatic brain injury. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 45:238-248. [PMID: 27859797 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PSD-95 inhibitors have been shown to be neuroprotective in stroke, but have only to a very limited extent been evaluated in the treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI) that has pathophysiological mechanisms in common with stroke. The aims of the current study were to assess the effects of a novel dimeric inhibitor of PSD-95, UCCB01-147, on histopathology and long-term cognitive outcome after controlled cortical impact (CCI) in rats. As excitotoxic cell death is thought to be a prominent part of the pathophysiology of TBI, we also investigated the neuroprotective effects of UCCB01-147 and related compounds on NMDA-induced cell death in cultured cortical neurons. Anesthetized rats were given a CCI or sham injury, and were randomized to receive an injection of either UCCB01-147 (10 mg/kg), the non-competitive NMDAR-receptor antagonist MK-801 (1 mg/kg) or saline immediately after injury. At 2 and 4 weeks post-trauma, spatial learning and memory were assessed in a water maze, and at 3 months, brains were removed for estimation of lesion volumes. Overall, neither treatment with UCCB01-147 nor MK-801 resulted in significant improvements of cognition and histopathology after CCI. Although MK-801 provided robust neuroprotection against NMDA-induced toxicity in cultured cortical neurons, UCCB01-147 failed to reduce cell death and became neurotoxic at high doses. The data suggest potential differential effects of PSD-95 inhibition in stroke and TBI that should be investigated further in future studies taking important experimental factors such as timing of treatment, dosage, and anesthesia into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Bak Sommer
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Unit for Cognitive Neuroscience (UCN), Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Bach
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hana Malá
- The Unit for Cognitive Neuroscience (UCN), Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Strømgaard
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Mogensen
- The Unit for Cognitive Neuroscience (UCN), Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Darryl S Pickering
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
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11
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Neuronal networks provide rapid neuroprotection against spreading toxicity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33746. [PMID: 27650924 PMCID: PMC5030638 DOI: 10.1038/srep33746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute secondary neuronal cell death, as seen in neurodegenerative disease, cerebral ischemia (stroke) and traumatic brain injury (TBI), drives spreading neurotoxicity into surrounding, undamaged, brain areas. This spreading toxicity occurs via two mechanisms, synaptic toxicity through hyperactivity, and excitotoxicity following the accumulation of extracellular glutamate. To date, there are no fast-acting therapeutic tools capable of terminating secondary spreading toxicity within a time frame relevant to the emergency treatment of stroke or TBI patients. Here, using hippocampal neurons (DIV 15-20) cultured in microfluidic devices in order to deliver a localized excitotoxic insult, we replicate secondary spreading toxicity and demonstrate that this process is driven by GluN2B receptors. In addition to the modeling of spreading toxicity, this approach has uncovered a previously unknown, fast acting, GluN2A-dependent neuroprotective signaling mechanism. This mechanism utilizes the innate capacity of surrounding neuronal networks to provide protection against both forms of spreading neuronal toxicity, synaptic hyperactivity and direct glutamate excitotoxicity. Importantly, network neuroprotection against spreading toxicity can be effectively stimulated after an excitotoxic insult has been delivered, and may identify a new therapeutic window to limit brain damage.
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12
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Curcio M, Salazar IL, Mele M, Canzoniero LMT, Duarte CB. Calpains and neuronal damage in the ischemic brain: The swiss knife in synaptic injury. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 143:1-35. [PMID: 27283248 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The excessive extracellular accumulation of glutamate in the ischemic brain leads to an overactivation of glutamate receptors with consequent excitotoxic neuronal death. Neuronal demise is largely due to a sustained activation of NMDA receptors for glutamate, with a consequent increase in the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration and activation of calcium- dependent mechanisms. Calpains are a group of Ca(2+)-dependent proteases that truncate specific proteins, and some of the cleavage products remain in the cell, although with a distinct function. Numerous studies have shown pre- and post-synaptic effects of calpains on glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses, targeting membrane- associated proteins as well as intracellular proteins. The resulting changes in the presynaptic proteome alter neurotransmitter release, while the cleavage of postsynaptic proteins affects directly or indirectly the activity of neurotransmitter receptors and downstream mechanisms. These alterations also disturb the balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission in the brain, with an impact in neuronal demise. In this review we discuss the evidence pointing to a role for calpains in the dysregulation of excitatory and inhibitory synapses in brain ischemia, at the pre- and post-synaptic levels, as well as the functional consequences. Although targeting calpain-dependent mechanisms may constitute a good therapeutic approach for stroke, specific strategies should be developed to avoid non-specific effects given the important regulatory role played by these proteases under normal physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Curcio
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ivan L Salazar
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra (IIIUC), 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miranda Mele
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Carlos B Duarte
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Milani D, Knuckey NW, Anderton RS, Cross JL, Meloni BP. The R18 Polyarginine Peptide Is More Effective Than the TAT-NR2B9c (NA-1) Peptide When Administered 60 Minutes after Permanent Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in the Rat. Stroke Res Treat 2016; 2016:2372710. [PMID: 27247825 PMCID: PMC4877491 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2372710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the dose responsiveness of polyarginine R18 (100, 300, and 1000 nmol/kg) when administered 60 minutes after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The TAT-NR2B9c peptide, which is known to be neuroprotective in rodent and nonhuman primate stroke models, served as a positive control. At 24 hours after MCAO, there was reduced total infarct volume in R18 treated animals at all doses, but this reduction only reached statistical significance at doses of 100 and 1000 nmol/kg. The TAT-NR2B9c peptide reduced infarct volume at doses of 300 and 1000 nmol/kg, but not to a statistically significant extent, while the 100 nmol/kg dose was ineffective. The reduction in infarct volume with R18 and TAT-NR2B9c peptide treatments was mirrored by improvements in one or more functional outcomes (namely, neurological score, adhesive tape removal, and rota-rod), but not to a statistically significant extent. These findings further confirm the neuroprotective properties of polyarginine peptides and for R18 extend its therapeutic time window and dose range, as well as demonstrating its greater efficacy compared to TAT-NR2B9c in a severe stroke model. The superior neuroprotective efficacy of R18 over TAT-NR2B9c highlights the potential of this polyarginine peptide as a lead candidate for studies in human stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Milani
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA 6160, Australia
- Western Australian Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - N. W. Knuckey
- Western Australian Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - R. S. Anderton
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA 6160, Australia
- Western Australian Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - J. L. Cross
- Western Australian Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - B. P. Meloni
- Western Australian Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
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14
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Wang Y, Rao W, Zhang C, Zhang C, Liu MD, Han F, Yao LB, Han H, Luo P, Su N, Fei Z. Scaffolding protein Homer1a protects against NMDA-induced neuronal injury. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1843. [PMID: 26247728 PMCID: PMC4558508 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Excessive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) activation and the resulting activation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) cause neuronal injury. Homer1b/c facilitates NMDAR-PSD95-nNOS complex interactions, and Homer1a is a negative competitor of Homer1b/c. We report that Homer1a was both upregulated by and protected against NMDA-induced neuronal injury in vitro and in vivo. The neuroprotective activity of Homer1a was associated with NMDA-induced Ca2+ influx, oxidative stress and the resultant downstream signaling activation. Additionally, we found that Homer1a functionally regulated NMDAR channel properties in neurons, but did not regulate recombinant NR1/NR2B receptors in HEK293 cells. Furthermore, we found that Homer1a detached the physical links among NR2B, PSD95 and nNOS and reduced the membrane distribution of NMDAR. NMDA-induced neuronal injury was more severe in Homer1a homozygous knockout mice (KO, Homer1a−/−) when compared with NMDA-induced neuronal injury in wild-type mice (WT, Homer1a+/+). Additionally, Homer1a overexpression in the cortex of Homer1a−/− mice alleviated NMDA-induced neuronal injury. These findings suggest that Homer1a may be a key neuroprotective endogenous molecule that protects against NMDA-induced neuronal injury by disassembling NR2B-PSD95-nNOS complexes and reducing the membrane distribution of NMDARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- 1] Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China [2] Department of Neurosurgery, Wuhan Zhong Xin Hospital, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - W Rao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - C Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Artillery General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - C Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - M-D Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - F Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - L-b Yao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - H Han
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - P Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - N Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Z Fei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
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15
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Meloni BP, Milani D, Edwards AB, Anderton RS, O'Hare Doig RL, Fitzgerald M, Palmer TN, Knuckey NW. Neuroprotective peptides fused to arginine-rich cell penetrating peptides: Neuroprotective mechanism likely mediated by peptide endocytic properties. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 153:36-54. [PMID: 26048328 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Several recent studies have demonstrated that TAT and other arginine-rich cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) have intrinsic neuroprotective properties in their own right. Examples, we have demonstrated that in addition to TAT, poly-arginine peptides (R8 to R18; containing 8-18 arginine residues) as well as some other arginine-rich peptides are neuroprotective in vitro (in neurons exposed to glutamic acid excitotoxicity and oxygen glucose deprivation) and in the case of R9 in vivo (after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat). Based on several lines of evidence, we propose that this neuroprotection is related to the peptide's endocytosis-inducing properties, with peptide charge and arginine residues being critical factors. Specifically, we propose that during peptide endocytosis neuronal cell surface structures such as ion channels and transporters are internalised, thereby reducing calcium influx associated with excitotoxicity and other receptor-mediated neurodamaging signalling pathways. We also hypothesise that a peptide cargo can act synergistically with TAT and other arginine-rich CPPs due to potentiation of the CPPs endocytic traits rather than by the cargo-peptide acting directly on its supposedly intended intracellular target. In this review, we systematically consider a number of studies that have used CPPs to deliver neuroprotective peptides to the central nervous system (CNS) following stroke and other neurological disorders. Consequently, we critically review evidence that supports our hypothesis that neuroprotection is mediated by carrier peptide endocytosis. In conclusion, we believe that there are strong grounds to regard arginine-rich peptides as a new class of neuroprotective molecules for the treatment of a range of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno P Meloni
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Western Australian Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Australia.
| | - Diego Milani
- Western Australian Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Australia; School of Heath Sciences, The University Notre Dame, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Adam B Edwards
- Western Australian Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Australia; School of Heath Sciences, The University Notre Dame, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ryan S Anderton
- Western Australian Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Australia; School of Heath Sciences, The University Notre Dame, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ryan L O'Hare Doig
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, Western Australia, Australia; School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia; School of Animal Biology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Melinda Fitzgerald
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, Western Australia, Australia; School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia; School of Animal Biology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - T Norman Palmer
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia; Western Australian Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Neville W Knuckey
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Western Australian Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Australia
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