1
|
Yadav SK, Patil GP, Virmagami A, Bijalwan V, Devi K, Chauhan A, Gupta SK, Fathima S, Naorem CD, Yadav S, Singh G, Mishra S, Bishnoi M, Sarkar K, Singh DP. Occupational lead exposure is an independent modulator of hypertension and poor pulmonary functions: A cross-sectional comparative study in lead-acid battery recycling workers. Toxicol Ind Health 2022; 38:139-150. [PMID: 35230206 DOI: 10.1177/07482337221076248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Blood lead level (BLL) is the primary biomarker for lead-exposure monitoring in occupationally exposed workers. We evaluated occupational lead-exposure (OE) impact on cardiopulmonary functions in lead-acid battery recycling unit workers. Seventy-six OE cases and 30 control subjects were enrolled for questionnaire-based socio-demographic, dietary, tobacco usage, and medical history data. Anthropometric measurements, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), and pulmonary function tests were performed. Venous blood was collected for BLL, hematological analysis, and biochemical analysis. OE caused a significant increase in BLL, SBP, DBP, and small airways obstruction in lung function tests. It also impaired platelet indices, affected renal and liver biochemical measurements, and promoted oxidative stress and DNA damage. Multilinear regression analysis suggested that BLL affected SBP (β = 0.314, p = .034) and increased small airways obstruction (FEV1/FVC, β = -0.37, p = .05; FEV25-75%, β = -0.351, p = .016). Higher BLL appears to be an independent modulator of hypertension and poor pulmonary function upon occupational lead exposure in lead-acid battery recyclers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiv K Yadav
- 28993ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, GJ, India
| | - Gajanan P Patil
- 28993ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, GJ, India
| | - Ankit Virmagami
- 28993ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, GJ, India
| | - Vandana Bijalwan
- 28993ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, GJ, India
| | - Kirti Devi
- 127373National Agri-food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, PB, India
| | - Aakriti Chauhan
- 127373National Agri-food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, PB, India
| | - Sanjeev K Gupta
- 28993ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, GJ, India
- Nutrition Division, ICMR Headquarters, ICMR Campus II (CNRT), New Delhi, India
| | - Shabarin Fathima
- 28993ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, GJ, India
| | - Chaoba D Naorem
- 28993ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, GJ, India
| | - Suresh Yadav
- 28993ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, GJ, India
- ICMR-National Institute for Implementation Research on Non-communicable Disease, Jodhpur, RJ, India
| | - Gyanendra Singh
- 28993ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, GJ, India
| | - SukhDev Mishra
- 28993ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, GJ, India
| | - Mahendra Bishnoi
- 127373National Agri-food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, PB, India
| | - Kamalesh Sarkar
- 28993ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, GJ, India
| | - Dhirendra P Singh
- 28993ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, GJ, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
Owing to its great threat to human health and environment, Pb2+ pollution has been recognized as a major public problem by the World Health Organization (WHO). Many DNA aptamers have been utilized in the development of Pb2+-detection sensors, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we report three Pb2+-complexed structures of the thrombin binding aptamer (TBA). These high-resolution crystal structures showed that TBA forms intramolecular G-quadruplex and Pb2+ is bound by the two G-tetrads in the center. Compared to K+-stabilized G-quadruplexes, the coordinating distance between Pb2+ and the G-tetrads are much shorter. The T3T4 and T12T13 linkers play important roles in dimerization and crystallization of TBA, but they are changeable for Pb2+-binding. In combination with mutagenesis and CD spectra, the G8C mutant structure unraveled that the T7G8T9 linker of TBA is also variable. In addition to expansion of the Pb2+-binding aptamer sequences, our study also set up one great example for quick and rational development of other aptamers with similar or optimized binding activity.
Collapse
|
3
|
Scott NB, Pocock NS. The Health Impacts of Hazardous Chemical Exposures among Child Labourers in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5496. [PMID: 34065553 PMCID: PMC8160821 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Of 218 million working children worldwide, many are suspected to be exposed to hazardous chemicals. This review aims to synthesize reported evidence over the last two decades on chemical exposure and adverse health consequences in children labourers in low- and middle-income Countries (LMIC). Included studies investigated health outcomes related to chemical exposures among child labourers aged 5-18 in LMIC. Twenty-three papers were selected for review, focusing on pesticides (n = 5), solvents (n = 3), metals (n = 13) and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) (n = 2). Adverse health effects identified among child labourers included abnormal biomarkers, for example elevated blood and urine chemical concentrations, neurobehavioural deficits and neurological symptoms, mental health issues, oxidative stress and DNA damage, poor growth, asthma, and hypothyroidism. Workplace exposure to chemicals has pernicious health effects on child labourers. Large research gaps exist, in particular for long-term health impacts through chronic conditions and diseases with long latencies. A sizeable disease burden in later life is likely to be directly attributable to chemicals exposures. We urge national and international agencies concerned with child labour and occupational health, to prioritize research and interventions aiming to reduce noxious chemical exposures in workplaces where children are likely to be present.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicola S. Pocock
- Lumos Foundation, London EC3R 8NB, UK;
- Gender Violence & Health Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sabouhi M, Ali-Taleshi MS, Bourliva A, Nejadkoorki F, Squizzato S. Insights into the anthropogenic load and occupational health risk of heavy metals in floor dust of selected workplaces in an industrial city of Iran. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 744:140762. [PMID: 32712416 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The levels of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn were determined in floor dusts from mechanical (MRWs) and battery repairing workshops (BRWs) in Yazd, Iran. The study aimed to evaluate the anthropogenic contribution to the presence of heavy metals (HMs), the possible sources and the related risks that could arise from occupational exposure in the studied workplace microenvironments. Among the analyzed heavy metals, Cu, Pb and Zn exhibited enhanced concentrations in the floor dusts. The EF calculations showed an extremely severe enrichment of HMs, especially for Cd, Cu and Pb, while floor dusts were characterized as "extremely polluted" with regards to those metals. In any case, both EF and Igeo values were significantly higher in the BRWs. These results were also supported by NIPI and PLI values, while contour maps of PLI values in both MRWs and BRWs outlined workshops in N-NE part of Yazd as more impacted compared to other spatial locations. Principal component analysis (PCA) and Pearson's correlation outscored workshops activities as the principal sources of heavy metals. The health risk assessment suggested considerable non-carcinogenic risks regarding Pb in the BRWs which exhibited HQing (mean 2.91) and HI (mean 3.03) values higher than safe level. Regarding carcinogenic risks, CR values for both Cd and Cr were below the safe level (1.0 × 10-6). The occupational exposure to Pb was evaluated through the predicted BLL values, where with averages of 3.33 μg/dl and 21.4 μg/dl for MRWs and BRWs workers, respectively, indicated a severe Pb exposure for BRWs workers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Sabouhi
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
| | | | - Anna Bourliva
- Department of Geophysics, School of Geology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Farhad Nejadkoorki
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
| | - Stefania Squizzato
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shah F, Ullah N, Khan RA, Khan AM, Nisar J. Extraction of Lead through Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes and Estimation of the Measurement Uncertainty. ANAL LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2020.1711521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Faheem Shah
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turbat, Turbat, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Rafaqat Ali Khan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Asad Muhammad Khan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Jan Nisar
- National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Baloch S, Kazi TG, Baig JA, Afridi HI, Arain MB. Occupational exposure of lead and cadmium on adolescent and adult workers of battery recycling and welding workshops: Adverse impact on health. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 720:137549. [PMID: 32135282 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The occupational exposure of toxic metals is an important concern, because of its potential accumulation in living organisms, leading to long term toxic effects. The occupational and environmental contacts of toxic metals, cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) have been evaluated by determination of them in biological samples (blood and scalp hair) of adolescent and adults, workers of battery recycling and welding workshops. The age matched adolescent and adult residing in nonindustrial areas were also selected, termed as referent/control subjects. The blood and scalp hair samples of workers and controls were analyzed for Cd and Pb using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry previously decomposed the matrices using acid mixture. The biochemical parameters of workers of both age groups were also evaluated. The average concentrations of Cd and Pb in blood and scalp hair samples of adolescent workers were three fold higher as compared with control subjects. The drinking water in containers of both workshops contained Pb and Cd in two to four and five to thirteen folds, respectively, higher than recommended permissible limits of WHO. The significant correlations between the blood lead levels and hemoglobin (%) in adolescent (r = -0.78). The positive correlation was observed among incidence of blood pressure with Pb and Cd concentrations in biological samples of workers (adults) (r = 0.65 to 0.83). These findings suggest that occupational exposure of toxic metals might be created adverse impacts on workers due to ill management of workshops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahnawaz Baloch
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan
| | - Tasneem Gul Kazi
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan..
| | - Jameel Ahmed Baig
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Imran Afridi
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Balal Arain
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Alvarez-Ortega N, Caballero-Gallardo K, Olivero-Verbel J. Toxicological effects in children exposed to lead: A cross-sectional study at the Colombian Caribbean coast. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 130:104809. [PMID: 31302530 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is an environmental pollutant with a toxicity that is a serious public health problem. The aim of this research was to evaluate the associations between Pb exposure and morphometric, hematological and biochemical parameters, mRNA expression of the P53, SOD1, ALAD, TNF and INF-γ genes, ALAD polymorphisms (db SNP ID: rs1800435) and Intelligence Quotient (IQ) in children from the Colombian Caribbean. Blood lead levels (BLL) were determined in 554 participants between the ages of 5-16 years old, from different places of the Colombian Caribbean. A health survey was given to assess risk factors. Whole blood was used for hematology and plasma employed to analyze markers of hepatic toxicity. Gene expression was quantified from blood mRNA by RT-PCR. The ALAD polymorphism was characterized by PCR-RFLP, and the Kaufman's brief intelligence test was employed to estimate the IQ. The mean BLL was 3.5 ± 0.2 μg/dL. The site of greatest exposure to Pb was Tasajera, a poor fishing community, with an average of 8.9 ± 0.8 μg/dL. Breastfeeding was associated with high BLL. Morphometric characteristics and IQ were negatively correlated with BLL. The blood platelet count and the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration showed positive and negative correlations with BLL, respectively. Negative relationships with BLL were observed with the ratios Neutrophils/Eosinophils and Neutrophils/Basophils, whereas for BLL and Neutrophils/Monocytes the association was positive. The associations between morphometric and some hematological parameters with BLL were age- and gender-related. The expression of ALAD, SOD1, INF-γ and P53 mRNA was down-regulated according to the BLL, whereas TNF showed an opposite trend. In short, fishing communities are at a high risk of Pb exposure. This xenobiotic can affect physical development and IQ, as well as hematological parameters, even at low concentrations. In addition, it can regulate the transcription of genes associated with inflammation, apoptosis, cell cycle, heme synthesis, and oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neda Alvarez-Ortega
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130015, Colombia
| | - Karina Caballero-Gallardo
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130015, Colombia
| | - Jesus Olivero-Verbel
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130015, Colombia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nouioui MA, Araoud M, Milliand ML, Bessueille-Barbier F, Amira D, Ayouni-Derouiche L, Hedhili A. Biomonitoring chronic lead exposure among battery manufacturing workers in Tunisia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:7980-7993. [PMID: 30680687 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04209-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was the biomonitoring of the chronic exposure to Pb by measuring its levels in blood, urine, and hair of battery workers. Blood lead (BPb), urinary lead (UPb), hair lead (HPb), and urinary δ-aminolevulinic acid (UALA) levels were determined for 52 workers in a battery plant and compared to those of 20 non-occupational exposed subjects (controls). BPb and UPb levels were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). HPb levels were measured by triple quadrupole ICP-MS and UALA levels were determined using cation exchanger column. The measured levels were significantly higher compared to the controls exceeding the OSHA cutoff values (p < 0.01). The GM mean levels of BPb, UPb, UALA, and HPb of workers were 715 μg L-1, 331 μg L-1, 16.3 mg g-1, and 234 μg g-1, respectively. The GM mean levels of BPb, UPb, UALA, and HPb of controls were 93.6 μg L-1, 36.3 μg L-1, 1.9 mg g-1, and 1.8 μg g-1, respectively. Significant correlations were observed between BPb and UALA (r = 0.630, p = 0.000), UPb and UALA (r = 0.566, p = 0.000), and between BPb and HPb (r = 0.466, p = 0.004). The significant correlation between BPb and HPb suggests the usefulness of hair for assessing occupational exposure particularly when the study area presents medium to high levels of Pb pollution. The association between Pb biomarkers and potential confounding factors revealed significant influence of the occupational factor over smoking and alcohol consumption. The results of this study urge for the reinforcement of the implemented engineering controls and safety measures in order to reduce exposure and to address the health issues related to Pb poisoning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Anouar Nouioui
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie et Environnement (LR12SP07), Centre d'Assistance Médicale et Urgente, 10 Rue Abou Kacem Chebbi, 1089, Montfleury, Tunis, Tunisia.
- Département de Chimie Appliquée, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie INSAT, 1080 Centre Urbain Nord, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Manel Araoud
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie et Environnement (LR12SP07), Centre d'Assistance Médicale et Urgente, 10 Rue Abou Kacem Chebbi, 1089, Montfleury, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Marie-Laure Milliand
- Département de Chimie Appliquée, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie INSAT, 1080 Centre Urbain Nord, Tunis, Tunisia
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, ENS de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Frédérique Bessueille-Barbier
- Département de Chimie Appliquée, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie INSAT, 1080 Centre Urbain Nord, Tunis, Tunisia
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, ENS de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Dorra Amira
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie et Environnement (LR12SP07), Centre d'Assistance Médicale et Urgente, 10 Rue Abou Kacem Chebbi, 1089, Montfleury, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Linda Ayouni-Derouiche
- Département de Chimie Appliquée, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie INSAT, 1080 Centre Urbain Nord, Tunis, Tunisia
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, ENS de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Abderrazek Hedhili
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie et Environnement (LR12SP07), Centre d'Assistance Médicale et Urgente, 10 Rue Abou Kacem Chebbi, 1089, Montfleury, Tunis, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Environment and Human Health: The Challenge of Uncertainty in Risk Assessment. GEOSCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/geosciences8010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
10
|
Shah F, Naeemullah, Kazi TG, Khan RA, Sayed M, Afridi HI, Shah KH, Nisar J. Preconcentration of cadmium and manganese in biological samples based on a novel restricted access sorbents. J IND ENG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2016.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
11
|
Shah F, Naeemullah N, Shah MR, Khan RA, Ismail B, Khan AM, Khan AR, Ajaz H. Sonochemically synthesized green sorbent for the simultaneous removal of trace metal ions: application and estimation of measurement uncertainty through bottom-up approach. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj01948c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synergistic combination of ESM–PEI as a green biosorbent in a packed cartridge for the removal of Cd, Pb, Ni, and Cu from environmental samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faheem Shah
- Department of Chemistry
- COMSATS Institute of Information Technology
- Abbottabad-22060
- Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Raza Shah
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry
- University of Karachi
- Karachi 75270
- Pakistan
| | - Rafaqat Ali Khan
- Department of Chemistry
- COMSATS Institute of Information Technology
- Abbottabad-22060
- Pakistan
| | - Bushra Ismail
- Department of Chemistry
- COMSATS Institute of Information Technology
- Abbottabad-22060
- Pakistan
| | - Asad Muhammad Khan
- Department of Chemistry
- COMSATS Institute of Information Technology
- Abbottabad-22060
- Pakistan
| | - Abdur Rahman Khan
- Department of Chemistry
- COMSATS Institute of Information Technology
- Abbottabad-22060
- Pakistan
| | - Humayun Ajaz
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Engineering & Technology
- Lahore
- Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shah F, Muhammad H, Naeemullah, Ullah A. Multivariate optimization of “In capillary-Schiff's base functionalized magnetic nanoparticle based microextraction” of Pb+2: A novel synergistic approach. Talanta 2016; 154:228-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
13
|
Shah F, Ullah N, Kazi TG, Khan A, Kandhro GA, Afridi HI, Arain MB, Khan Z, Farooq U. Lead Assessment in Biological Samples of Children with Different Gastrointestinal Disorders. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 169:41-5. [PMID: 26085058 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0401-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) levels have been evaluated in the biological samples of children with different gastrointestinal disorders. Blood, scalp hair, and urine samples of children (of age 4-10 years) complaining about different gastrointestinal disorders were analyzed. For comparison, age matched healthy subjects were also included in this study. Biological samples were digested in a microwave oven prior to Pb determination by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Significant differences in Pb profile were found between the diseased and referent children. Elevated Pb contents were observed in case of diseased children than WHO permissible limit, while normal results were obtained for healthy referents. The results were compared with those of healthy children having the same age, socioeconomic status, and residential areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faheem Shah
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Gulshan Campus, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Naeem Ullah
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Tasneem Gul Kazi
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan.
| | - Ghulam Abbas Kandhro
- Faculty of Allied Engineering and Technology, Dawood University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Hassan Imran Afridi
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan.
| | | | - Zahid Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Gulshan Campus, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Umar Farooq
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shah F, Kazi TG, Ullah N, Afridi HI. Determination of lead in biological samples of children with different physiological consequences using cloud point extraction method. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 153:134-40. [PMID: 23625698 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-013-9677-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In present study, lead (Pb) level in biological samples of children with physiological disorders (liver, bone, and gastrointestinal; age ranged 1-10 years) have been assessed. For comparison purpose, age-matched healthy children were also selected. Cloud point extraction (CPE) was employed for preconcentration of Pb in acid-digested biological samples prior to its determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Dithizone (diphenylthiocarbazone) and nonionic surfactant Triton X-114 (TX-114) were used as complexing reagent and extractant, respectively. The effects of several experimental variables on proposed CPE were evaluated. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the observed detection limit (LOD) and the enhancement factor (EF) were 0.08 μg L(-1) and 53, respectively. Relative standard deviation (RSD) of 10 μg L(-1) Pb was 3.4 %. It was observed that children with liver-, bone-, and gastrointestinal-related disorders had three- to fourfold higher Pb level in blood and scalp hair samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faheem Shah
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|