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Duan X, Zheng L, Zhang X, Wang B, Xiao M, Zhao W, Liu S, Sui G. A Membrane-free Liver-Gut-on-Chip Platform for the Assessment on Dysregulated Mechanisms of Cholesterol and Bile Acid Metabolism Induced by PM 2.5. ACS Sens 2020; 5:3483-3492. [PMID: 33135418 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c01524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5)-induced metabolic diseases have attracted a great deal of attention recently. However, the relevant metabolic mechanisms of PM2.5 in vivo have not yet been fully described due to the lack of reliable platforms. Herein, a membrane-free liver-gut-on-chip (L-GOC) platform was developed to investigate metabolism dysregulation induced by PM2.5. A multiple organ system with a liver-gut structure and two circulation paths (L-G and G-L circulation paths) was created, and then cells were exposed to PM2.5 on this platform. Secreted high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were detected, which demonstrates that this multiple organ system functioned with normal physiological metabolism at the organ level. Untargeted metabolomic analysis showed that there were 364 metabolites of LO2 cells dysregulated after exposure to PM2.5 at a concentration of 200 μg/mL. Moreover, cholesterol and bile acid metabolism were significantly dysregulated. Further immunofluorescence and ELISA assays confirmed that signal transduction pathways related to cholesterol metabolism (LCAT-CE, PON1-HDL, and SRB1-HDL metabolic pathways) and bile acid metabolism (CYP7A1-CA/CDCA/DCA metabolic pathways) were disturbed. These results indicate that PM2.5 primarily disturbed cholesterol metabolism of the liver and then disrupted bile acid metabolism of the liver (primary bile acid biosynthesis) and gut (secondary bile acid biosynthesis) via related metabolic pathways. These findings may partially explain the metabolic mechanisms of cells triggered by PM2.5 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Duan
- Shanghai Key laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Lulu Zheng
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Xinlian Zhang
- Shanghai Key laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Bo Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Mingming Xiao
- Shanghai Key laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Wang Zhao
- Shanghai Key laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Sixiu Liu
- Shanghai Key laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Guodong Sui
- Shanghai Key laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
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Suo D, Zeng S, Zhang J, Meng L, Weng L. PM2.5 induces apoptosis, oxidative stress injury and melanin metabolic disorder in human melanocytes. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:3227-3238. [PMID: 32269607 PMCID: PMC7138919 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent growing evidence suggested that particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) has strong toxic effects on skin systems. However, the possible effects and the mechanisms of PM2.5 on vitiligo remain poorly understood. Therefore, the present study aimed to further investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of PM2.5 on vitiligo. Human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) and human melanocytes (PIG1 cells and PIG3V cells) were exposed to PM2.5 (0-200 µg/ml) for 24 h. The cell viability of the three cell lines was measured by a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. The secretions of stem cell factor (SCF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in HaCaT cells were evaluated by ELISA. The melanin contents, cellular tyrosinase activity, apoptosis, cell migration, malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels and related protein expressions in PIG1 cells and PIG3V cells were evaluated by a NaOH assay, DOPA assay, Annexin V-FITC/Propidium Iodide staining, MDA assay, SOD assay, GSH-Px assay and western blotting, respectively. It was demonstrated that PM2.5 exposure inhibited cell viability of all three cell lines (HaCaT, PIG1 and PIG3V cells). PM2.5 exposure attenuated the secretions of SCF and bFGF in HaCaT cells. Moreover, PM2.5 exposure attenuated the activation of tyrosinase and melanogenesis, inhibited cell migration, and induced apoptosis and oxidative stress injury in PIG1 cells and PIG3V cells. In addition, PM2.5 exposure caused upregulated cytosolic cytochrome C and activated caspase-3 in PIG1 cells and PIG3V cells. Furthermore, PM2.5 exposure activated the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and heme oxygenase-1 signaling pathway. The present results suggested that PM2.5 exposure could inhibit the secretions of SCF and bFGF in keratinocytes, and cause oxidative stress injury and melanin metabolic disorder in melanocytes. Therefore, PM2.5 could be a new risk factor for vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Suo
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Sanwu Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Junling Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin 300120, P.R. China
| | - Linghe Meng
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Lishuo Weng
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
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Jonsdottir HR, Delaval M, Leni Z, Keller A, Brem BT, Siegerist F, Schönenberger D, Durdina L, Elser M, Burtscher H, Liati A, Geiser M. Non-volatile particle emissions from aircraft turbine engines at ground-idle induce oxidative stress in bronchial cells. Commun Biol 2019; 2:90. [PMID: 30854482 PMCID: PMC6401161 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0332-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aircraft emissions contribute to local and global air pollution. Health effects of particulate matter (PM) from aircraft engines are largely unknown, since controlled cell exposures at relevant conditions are challenging. We examined the toxicity of non-volatile PM (nvPM) emissions from a CFM56-7B26 turbofan, the world's most used aircraft turbine using an unprecedented exposure setup. We combined direct turbine-exhaust sampling under realistic engine operating conditions and the Nano-Aerosol Chamber for In vitro Toxicity to deposit particles onto air-liquid-interface cultures of human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) at physiological conditions. We evaluated acute cellular responses after 1-h exposures to diluted exhaust from conventional or alternative fuel combustion. We show that single, short-term exposures to nvPM impair bronchial epithelial cells, and PM from conventional fuel at ground-idle conditions is the most hazardous. Electron microscopy of soot reveals varying reactivity matching the observed cellular responses. Stronger responses at lower mass concentrations suggest that additional metrics are necessary to evaluate health risks of this increasingly important emission source.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mathilde Delaval
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Zaira Leni
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alejandro Keller
- Institute of Aerosol and Sensor Technology, Swiss University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, 5210, Windisch, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin T Brem
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland.
| | | | - David Schönenberger
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Durdina
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Centre for Aviation, School of Engineering, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, 8401, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Miriam Elser
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Automotive Powertrain Technologies Laboratory, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Heinz Burtscher
- Institute of Aerosol and Sensor Technology, Swiss University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, 5210, Windisch, Switzerland
| | - Anthi Liati
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Automotive Powertrain Technologies Laboratory, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Marianne Geiser
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
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Sagona JA, Shalat SL, Wang Z, Ramagopal M, Black K, Hernandez M, Mainelis G. Comparison of particulate matter exposure estimates in young children from personal sampling equipment and a robotic sampler. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2017; 27:299-305. [PMID: 27168394 PMCID: PMC5201446 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2016.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Accurate characterization of particulate matter (PM) exposure in young children is difficult, because personal samplers are often too heavy, bulky or impractical to be used. The Pretoddler Inhalable Particulate Environmental Robotic (PIPER) sampler was developed to help address this problem. In this study, we measured inhalable PM exposures in 2-year-olds via a lightweight personal sampler worn in a small backpack and evaluated the use of a robotic sampler with an identical sampling train for estimating PM exposure in this age group. PM mass concentrations measured by the personal sampler ranged from 100 to almost 1,200 μg/m3, with a median value of 331 μg/m3. PM concentrations measured by PIPER were considerably lower, ranging from 14 to 513 μg/m3 with a median value of 56 μg/m3. Floor cleaning habits and activity patterns of the 2-year-olds varied widely by home; vigorous play and recent floor cleaning were most associated with higher personal exposure. Our findings highlight the need for additional characterization of children's activity patterns and their effect on personal exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Sagona
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Stuart L. Shalat
- Division of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zuocheng Wang
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Maya Ramagopal
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kathleen Black
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Marta Hernandez
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Gediminas Mainelis
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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Eklund AG, Chow JC, Greenbaum DS, Hidy GM, Kleinman MT, Watson JG, Wyzga RE. Public health and components of particulate matter: the changing assessment of black carbon. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2014; 64:1221-1231. [PMID: 25509544 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2014.960218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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